CN113300014A - Activation method of lithium ion battery - Google Patents

Activation method of lithium ion battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113300014A
CN113300014A CN202110523853.3A CN202110523853A CN113300014A CN 113300014 A CN113300014 A CN 113300014A CN 202110523853 A CN202110523853 A CN 202110523853A CN 113300014 A CN113300014 A CN 113300014A
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voltage
charging
current
lithium ion
charge
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李壮
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Suzhou Bio Intelligent Technology Co ltd
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Suzhou Bio Intelligent Technology Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/446—Initial charging measures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention provides an activation method of a lithium ion battery, wherein the lithium ion battery comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode and electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode active material of the lithium ion battery is LiCo0.18Mn0.78Mg0.03Cr0.01O2. The electrolyte contains 3.4 to 3.6 volume percent of gamma-valerolactone and 0.6 to 0.8 volume percent of trifluorocarbonPropylene acid ester; the activation method comprises the following steps: injecting electrolyte into the assembled lithium ion battery, charging the assembled lithium ion battery to a first preset voltage in a constant current mode, standing the battery, measuring the open circuit voltage of the battery, and adopting a first activation mode when the open circuit voltage is higher than a second preset voltage; when the open circuit voltage is not higher than a second preset voltage, adopting a second activation mode; the lithium ion battery obtained by the activation method has excellent rate performance and storage performance.

Description

Activation method of lithium ion battery
Technical Field
The invention relates to an activation method of a lithium ion battery.
Background
The power type lithium ion battery, in which a positive active material of the lithium ion battery is LiCo, is required to have excellent rate capability to meet power requirements of electric devices0.18Mn0.78Mg0.03Cr0.01O2(ii) a When the negative active material is a graphite material, the battery has better rate performance, and meanwhile, after the gamma-valerolactone with the volume percentage of 3.4-3.6% and the propylene carbonate with the volume percentage of 0.6-0.8% are added into the electrolyte, the cycle performance under high rate is also stably improved; the invention provides an activation method for the battery, the activation is also called formation, and a good formation process can greatly improve the stability of the battery, such as the cycle performance or the storage performance of the battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an activation method of a lithium ion battery, wherein the lithium ion battery comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode and electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode active material of the lithium ion battery is LiCo0.18Mn0.78Mg0.03Cr0.01O2. The electrolyte contains 3.4 to 3.6 volume percent of gamma-valerolactone and 0.6 to 0.8 volume percent of trifluoro propylene carbonate; the activation method comprises the following steps: injecting electrolyte into the assembled lithium ion battery, charging the assembled lithium ion battery to a first preset voltage in a constant current mode, standing the battery, measuring the open circuit voltage of the battery, and adopting a first activation mode when the open circuit voltage is higher than a second preset voltage; when the open circuit voltage is not higher than a second preset voltage, adopting a second activation mode; the lithium ion battery obtained by the activation method has excellent rate performance and storage performance.
The specific scheme is as follows:
the activation method of the lithium ion battery comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode and electrolyte, wherein the positive active material of the lithium ion battery is LiCo0.18Mn0.78Mg0.03Cr0.01O2. The negative active material is a graphite material; the electrolyte contains 3.4 to 3.6 volume percent of gamma-valerolactone and 0.6 to 0.8 volume percent of trifluoro propylene carbonate; the activation method comprises the following steps:
1) injecting the assembled lithium ion battery into electrolyte;
2) charging to a first predetermined voltage with a constant current of 0.2C;
3) standing for 1 h;
4) measuring an open circuit voltage of the battery, and adopting a first activation mode when the open circuit voltage is higher than a second preset voltage; when the open circuit voltage is not higher than a second preset voltage, adopting a second activation mode;
5) the first activation mode is:
A) charging at constant current to a charging cut-off voltage, and then charging at constant voltage by using the charging cut-off voltage until the charging current is lower than the charging cut-off current;
B) performing constant-current charge-discharge cycle between the charge cut-off voltage and a first predetermined voltage for several times;
C) cycling between a charge cutoff voltage and a discharge cutoff voltage for a number of times;
D) sealing to obtain the activated lithium ion battery;
6) the second activation mode is:
A) charging the battery at a constant current to a third predetermined voltage higher than the charge cutoff voltage, and then charging the battery at a constant voltage of the third predetermined voltage until the charge current is lower than the charge cutoff current;
B) performing constant-current charge-discharge cycle between the charge cut-off voltage and a first predetermined voltage for several times;
C) cycling between a charge cutoff voltage and a discharge cutoff voltage for a number of times;
D) and sealing to obtain the activated lithium ion battery.
Further, the first predetermined voltage is 3.64V.
Further, the second predetermined voltage is 3.62V.
Further, the charge cut-off voltage is 4.22V; the third predetermined voltage is 4.25V.
Further, the discharge cut-off voltage is 2.75V.
Further, the charge cut-off current is 0.01C.
Further, the electrolyte comprises ethylene carbonate EC, dimethyl carbonate DMC and diethyl carbonate DEC which are in a volume ratio of 2:1:1 as organic solvents, and 1mol/L lithium hexafluorophosphate as electrolyte salt; and 3.5 percent of gamma-valerolactone and 0.7 percent of propylene trifluorocarbonate by volume percentage are taken as additives.
Further, the graphite material is a mixture of natural graphite and artificial graphite in a mass ratio of 62: 38.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the active material is LiCo0.18Mn0.78Mg0.03Cr0.01O2The power lithium ion battery has good rate capability and safety performance, and can improve higher power density for the power lithium ion battery;
2) the electrolyte contains 3.4-3.6% of gamma-valerolactone and 0.6-0.8% of trifluoro propylene carbonate by volume percentage, and the circulation performance of the battery can be greatly improved by matching the two additives;
3) according to the activation method, aiming at a specific battery composition, through a large number of experiments, the voltage drop of the battery under a specific voltage first preset voltage can reflect the polarization condition in the battery, the greater the voltage drop is, the more serious the polarization condition is, the easy generation of an SEI film of the battery with serious polarization is incomplete, so that the storage performance of the battery is poor, and the constant voltage charging at a third preset voltage higher than a charge cut-off voltage can enable the SEI film of the battery with serious polarization to tend to be complete, so that the storage performance of the battery is improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples. The positive electrode active material used in the present invention is LiCo0.18Mn0.78Mg0.03Cr0.01O2. The electrolyte is prepared by taking ethylene carbonate EC, dimethyl carbonate DMC and diethyl carbonate DEC in a volume ratio of 2:1:1 as organic solvents and 1mol/L lithium hexafluorophosphate as electrolyte salt; and gamma-valerolactone and propylene trifluorocarbonate as additives. The graphite material is a mixture of natural graphite and artificial graphite in a mass ratio of 62: 38. .
Example 1
1) Injecting the assembled lithium ion battery into electrolyte; the electrolyte contains 3.5 percent of gamma-valerolactone and 0.7 percent of propylene trifluorocarbonate as additives by volume percentage;
2) charging to a first preset voltage by a constant current of 0.2C, wherein the first preset voltage is 3.64V;
3) standing for 1 h;
4) measuring an open circuit voltage of the battery, and adopting a first activation mode when the open circuit voltage is higher than a second preset voltage; when the open-circuit voltage is not higher than a second preset voltage, a second activation mode is adopted, and the second preset voltage is 3.62V;
5) the first activation mode is:
A) charging at a constant current of 0.1C to a charging cut-off voltage, and then charging at a constant voltage of the charging cut-off voltage until the charging current is lower than the charging cut-off current by 0.01C, wherein the charging cut-off voltage is 4.22V;
B) performing constant-current charge-discharge cycle at 0.1 deg.C between the charge cut-off voltage and the first predetermined voltage for 4 times;
C) cycling 2 times at 0.1C between a charge cut-off voltage and a discharge cut-off voltage, the discharge cut-off voltage being 2.75V;
D) sealing to obtain the activated lithium ion battery;
6) the second activation mode is:
A) charging the battery to a third preset voltage at a constant current of 0.1C, and then charging the battery at a constant voltage of the third preset voltage until the charging current is lower than the charging cutoff current by 0.01C; the third predetermined voltage is 4.25V;
B) performing constant-current charge-discharge cycle at 0.1 deg.C between the charge cut-off voltage and the first predetermined voltage for 4 times;
C) cycling 2 times at 0.1C between the charge cutoff voltage and the discharge cutoff voltage;
D) and sealing to obtain the activated lithium ion battery.
Example 2
1) Injecting the assembled lithium ion battery into electrolyte; the electrolyte contains 3.6 percent of gamma-valerolactone and 0.8 percent of propylene trifluorocarbonate as additives by volume percentage;
2) charging to a first preset voltage by a constant current of 0.2C, wherein the first preset voltage is 3.64V;
3) standing for 1 h;
4) measuring an open circuit voltage of the battery, and adopting a first activation mode when the open circuit voltage is higher than a second preset voltage; when the open-circuit voltage is not higher than a second preset voltage, a second activation mode is adopted, and the second preset voltage is 3.62V;
5) the first activation mode is:
A) charging at a constant current of 0.1C to a charging cut-off voltage, and then charging at a constant voltage of the charging cut-off voltage until the charging current is lower than the charging cut-off current by 0.01C, wherein the charging cut-off voltage is 4.22V;
B) performing constant-current charge-discharge cycle at 0.1 deg.C between the charge cut-off voltage and the first predetermined voltage for 4 times;
C) cycling 2 times at 0.1C between a charge cut-off voltage and a discharge cut-off voltage, the discharge cut-off voltage being 2.75V;
D) sealing to obtain the activated lithium ion battery;
6) the second activation mode is:
A) charging the battery to a third preset voltage at a constant current of 0.1C, and then charging the battery at a constant voltage of the third preset voltage until the charging current is lower than the charging cutoff current by 0.01C; the third predetermined voltage is 4.25V;
B) performing constant-current charge-discharge cycle at 0.1 deg.C between the charge cut-off voltage and the first predetermined voltage for 4 times;
C) cycling 2 times at 0.1C between the charge cutoff voltage and the discharge cutoff voltage;
D) and sealing to obtain the activated lithium ion battery.
Example 3
1) Injecting the assembled lithium ion battery into electrolyte; the electrolyte contains 3.4 percent of gamma-valerolactone and 0.6 percent of propylene trifluorocarbonate as additives by volume percentage;
2) charging to a first preset voltage by a constant current of 0.2C, wherein the first preset voltage is 3.64V;
3) standing for 1 h;
4) measuring an open circuit voltage of the battery, and adopting a first activation mode when the open circuit voltage is higher than a second preset voltage; when the open-circuit voltage is not higher than a second preset voltage, a second activation mode is adopted, and the second preset voltage is 3.62V;
5) the first activation mode is:
A) charging at a constant current of 0.1C to a charging cut-off voltage, and then charging at a constant voltage of the charging cut-off voltage until the charging current is lower than the charging cut-off current by 0.01C, wherein the charging cut-off voltage is 4.22V;
B) performing constant-current charge-discharge cycle at 0.1 deg.C between the charge cut-off voltage and the first predetermined voltage for 4 times;
C) cycling 2 times at 0.1C between a charge cut-off voltage and a discharge cut-off voltage, the discharge cut-off voltage being 2.75V;
D) sealing to obtain the activated lithium ion battery;
6) the second activation mode is:
A) charging the battery to a third preset voltage at a constant current of 0.1C, and then charging the battery at a constant voltage of the third preset voltage until the charging current is lower than the charging cutoff current by 0.01C; the third predetermined voltage is 4.25V;
B) performing constant-current charge-discharge cycle at 0.1 deg.C between the charge cut-off voltage and the first predetermined voltage for 4 times;
C) cycling 2 times at 0.1C between the charge cutoff voltage and the discharge cutoff voltage;
D) and sealing to obtain the activated lithium ion battery.
Comparative example 1
1) Injecting the assembled lithium ion battery into electrolyte; the electrolyte contains 3.5 percent of gamma-valerolactone and 0.7 percent of propylene trifluorocarbonate as additives by volume percentage;
2) charging to a first preset voltage by a constant current of 0.2C, wherein the first preset voltage is 3.64V;
3) standing for 1 h;
4) adopting a first activation mode;
5) the first activation mode is:
A) charging at a constant current of 0.1C to a charging cut-off voltage, and then charging at a constant voltage of the charging cut-off voltage until the charging current is lower than the charging cut-off current by 0.01C, wherein the charging cut-off voltage is 4.22V;
B) performing constant-current charge-discharge cycle at 0.1 deg.C between the charge cut-off voltage and the first predetermined voltage for 4 times;
C) cycling 2 times at 0.1C between a charge cut-off voltage and a discharge cut-off voltage, the discharge cut-off voltage being 2.75V;
D) sealing to obtain the activated lithium ion battery;
comparative example 2
1) Injecting the assembled lithium ion battery into electrolyte; the electrolyte contains 3.5 percent of gamma-valerolactone and 0.7 percent of propylene trifluorocarbonate as additives by volume percentage;
2) charging to a first preset voltage by a constant current of 0.2C, wherein the first preset voltage is 3.64V;
3) standing for 1 h;
4) adopting a second activation mode;
5) the second activation mode is:
A) charging the battery to a third preset voltage at a constant current of 0.1C, and then charging the battery at a constant voltage of the third preset voltage until the charging current is lower than the charging cutoff current by 0.01C; the third predetermined voltage is 4.25V;
B) performing constant-current charge-discharge cycle at 0.1 deg.C between the charge cut-off voltage and the first predetermined voltage for 4 times;
C) cycling 2 times at 0.1C between the charge cutoff voltage and the discharge cutoff voltage;
D) and sealing to obtain the activated lithium ion battery.
Comparative example 3
1) Injecting the assembled lithium ion battery into electrolyte; the electrolyte contains 3.5 percent of gamma-valerolactone by volume percentage as an additive;
2) charging to a first preset voltage by a constant current of 0.2C, wherein the first preset voltage is 3.64V;
3) standing for 1 h;
4) measuring an open circuit voltage of the battery, and adopting a first activation mode when the open circuit voltage is higher than a second preset voltage; when the open-circuit voltage is not higher than a second preset voltage, a second activation mode is adopted, and the second preset voltage is 3.62V;
5) the first activation mode is:
A) charging at a constant current of 0.1C to a charging cut-off voltage, and then charging at a constant voltage of the charging cut-off voltage until the charging current is lower than the charging cut-off current by 0.01C, wherein the charging cut-off voltage is 4.22V;
B) performing constant-current charge-discharge cycle at 0.1 deg.C between the charge cut-off voltage and the first predetermined voltage for 4 times;
C) cycling 2 times at 0.1C between a charge cut-off voltage and a discharge cut-off voltage, the discharge cut-off voltage being 2.75V;
D) sealing to obtain the activated lithium ion battery;
6) the second activation mode is:
A) charging the battery to a third preset voltage at a constant current of 0.1C, and then charging the battery at a constant voltage of the third preset voltage until the charging current is lower than the charging cutoff current by 0.01C; the third predetermined voltage is 4.25V;
B) performing constant-current charge-discharge cycle at 0.1 deg.C between the charge cut-off voltage and the first predetermined voltage for 4 times;
C) cycling 2 times at 0.1C between the charge cutoff voltage and the discharge cutoff voltage;
D) and sealing to obtain the activated lithium ion battery.
Comparative example 4
1) Injecting the assembled lithium ion battery into electrolyte; the electrolyte contains 0.7 volume percent of trifluoro propylene carbonate as an additive;
2) charging to a first preset voltage by a constant current of 0.2C, wherein the first preset voltage is 3.64V;
3) standing for 1 h;
4) measuring an open circuit voltage of the battery, and adopting a first activation mode when the open circuit voltage is higher than a second preset voltage; when the open-circuit voltage is not higher than a second preset voltage, a second activation mode is adopted, and the second preset voltage is 3.62V;
5) the first activation mode is:
A) charging at a constant current of 0.1C to a charging cut-off voltage, and then charging at a constant voltage of the charging cut-off voltage until the charging current is lower than the charging cut-off current by 0.01C, wherein the charging cut-off voltage is 4.22V;
B) performing constant-current charge-discharge cycle at 0.1 deg.C between the charge cut-off voltage and the first predetermined voltage for 4 times;
C) cycling 2 times at 0.1C between a charge cut-off voltage and a discharge cut-off voltage, the discharge cut-off voltage being 2.75V;
D) sealing to obtain the activated lithium ion battery;
6) the second activation mode is:
A) charging the battery to a third preset voltage at a constant current of 0.1C, and then charging the battery at a constant voltage of the third preset voltage until the charging current is lower than the charging cutoff current by 0.01C; the third predetermined voltage is 4.25V;
B) performing constant-current charge-discharge cycle at 0.1 deg.C between the charge cut-off voltage and the first predetermined voltage for 4 times;
C) cycling 2 times at 0.1C between the charge cutoff voltage and the discharge cutoff voltage;
D) and sealing to obtain the activated lithium ion battery.
Comparative example 5
1) Injecting the assembled lithium ion battery into electrolyte; the electrolyte contains 2.0 percent of gamma-valerolactone and 1.5 percent of propylene trifluorocarbonate by volume percentage as additives;
2) charging to a first preset voltage by a constant current of 0.2C, wherein the first preset voltage is 3.64V;
3) standing for 1 h;
4) measuring an open circuit voltage of the battery, and adopting a first activation mode when the open circuit voltage is higher than a second preset voltage; when the open-circuit voltage is not higher than a second preset voltage, a second activation mode is adopted, and the second preset voltage is 3.62V;
5) the first activation mode is:
A) charging at a constant current of 0.1C to a charging cut-off voltage, and then charging at a constant voltage of the charging cut-off voltage until the charging current is lower than the charging cut-off current by 0.01C, wherein the charging cut-off voltage is 4.22V;
B) performing constant-current charge-discharge cycle at 0.1 deg.C between the charge cut-off voltage and the first predetermined voltage for 4 times;
C) cycling 2 times at 0.1C between a charge cut-off voltage and a discharge cut-off voltage, the discharge cut-off voltage being 2.75V;
D) sealing to obtain the activated lithium ion battery;
6) the second activation mode is:
A) charging the battery to a third preset voltage at a constant current of 0.1C, and then charging the battery at a constant voltage of the third preset voltage until the charging current is lower than the charging cutoff current by 0.01C; the third predetermined voltage is 4.25V;
B) performing constant-current charge-discharge cycle at 0.1 deg.C between the charge cut-off voltage and the first predetermined voltage for 4 times;
C) cycling 2 times at 0.1C between the charge cutoff voltage and the discharge cutoff voltage;
D) and sealing to obtain the activated lithium ion battery.
Test and results
The method comprises the steps of testing 100 batteries activated in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-5, measuring the average capacity retention rate of the battery after charging and discharging at 1C rate for 200 times, storing for 3 months, and measuring the average capacity retention rate of the battery after charging and discharging at 1C rate for 200 times, wherein the results are shown in Table 1, and as can be seen from Table 1, the electrolyte contains 3.4-3.6% of gamma-valerolactone and 0.6-0.8% of propylene carbonate by volume percentage, and the circulation performance of the battery can be greatly improved by matching the two additives; the storage performance of the battery can be improved by carrying out two different formation modes after the battery is detected.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003065066860000081
Figure BDA0003065066860000091
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention.

Claims (8)

1. The activation method of the lithium ion battery comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode and electrolyte, wherein the positive active material of the lithium ion battery is LiCo0.18Mn0.78Mg0.03Cr0.01O2(ii) a The negative active material is a graphite material; the electrolyte contains 3.4 to 3.6 volume percent of gamma-valerolactone and 0.6 to 0.8 volume percent of trifluoro propylene carbonate; the activation method comprises the following steps:
1) injecting the assembled lithium ion battery into electrolyte;
2) charging to a first predetermined voltage with a constant current of 0.2C;
3) standing for 1 h;
4) measuring an open circuit voltage of the battery, and adopting a first activation mode when the open circuit voltage is higher than a second preset voltage; when the open circuit voltage is not higher than a second preset voltage, adopting a second activation mode;
5) the first activation mode is:
A) charging at constant current to a charging cut-off voltage, and then charging at constant voltage by using the charging cut-off voltage until the charging current is lower than the charging cut-off current;
B) performing constant-current charge-discharge cycle between the charge cut-off voltage and a first predetermined voltage for several times;
C) cycling between a charge cutoff voltage and a discharge cutoff voltage for a number of times;
D) sealing to obtain the activated lithium ion battery;
6) the second activation mode is:
A) charging the battery at a constant current to a third predetermined voltage higher than the charge cutoff voltage, and then charging the battery at a constant voltage of the third predetermined voltage until the charge current is lower than the charge cutoff current;
B) performing constant-current charge-discharge cycle between the charge cut-off voltage and a first predetermined voltage for several times;
C) cycling between a charge cutoff voltage and a discharge cutoff voltage for a number of times;
D) and sealing to obtain the activated lithium ion battery.
2. The method of the preceding claim, the first predetermined voltage being 3.64V.
3. The method of the preceding claim, the second predetermined voltage being 3.62V.
4. The method of the preceding claim, the charge cutoff voltage is 4.22V; the third predetermined voltage is 4.25V.
5. The method of the preceding claim, the discharge cutoff voltage being 2.75V.
6. The method of the preceding claim, the charge cutoff current being 0.01C.
7. The method as claimed in the preceding claim, wherein the electrolyte is prepared from ethylene carbonate EC, dimethyl carbonate DMC, diethyl carbonate DEC as organic solvent, lithium hexafluorophosphate 1mol/L as electrolyte salt; and 3.5 percent of gamma-valerolactone and 0.7 percent of propylene trifluorocarbonate by volume percentage are taken as additives.
8. The method as claimed in the preceding claim, wherein the graphite material is a mixture of natural graphite and artificial graphite in a mass ratio of 62: 38.
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Application publication date: 20210824