CN113299981B - Solid polymer electrolyte membrane, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Solid polymer electrolyte membrane, preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN113299981B
CN113299981B CN202010106658.6A CN202010106658A CN113299981B CN 113299981 B CN113299981 B CN 113299981B CN 202010106658 A CN202010106658 A CN 202010106658A CN 113299981 B CN113299981 B CN 113299981B
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electrolyte membrane
lithium
polymer electrolyte
solid polymer
nitrogen
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CN113299981A (en
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何天贤
范伟贞
周萌
罗海英
高远鹏
赵经纬
徐三善
徐金富
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Jiujiang Tinci Advanced Materials Co ltd
Guangzhou Tinci Materials Technology Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0565Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0065Solid electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0082Organic polymers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

The invention relates to a solid polymer electrolyte membrane, a preparation method and application thereof. The solid polymer electrolyte membrane includes a nitrogen-containing polymer matrix, and a lithium salt dispersed on the surface and inside of the nitrogen-containing polymer matrix. The preparation method of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane comprises the following steps: a polymer, a lithium salt and a solvent are mixed to prepare a slurry, and then the slurry is subjected to a tape casting method to prepare a solid polymer electrolyte membrane. The solid polymer electrolyte membrane has the characteristics of high ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical window and high lithium ion mobility. The mechanical and heat-resistant properties are good, and the diaphragm can be directly used as a diaphragm; the preparation method has simple process and can be used for industrial production.

Description

Solid polymer electrolyte membrane, preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid electrolytes, and particularly relates to a solid polymer electrolyte membrane, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
All-solid-state batteries are the inevitable development trend of battery technology in the future, and solid-state electrolytes become the key material of all-solid-state batteries for troops. Briefly, the solid electrolyte is a super-ionic conductor, replaces the functions of electrolyte and diaphragm in the traditional lithium ion battery in the all-solid battery, and plays the functional roles of conducting ions and connecting the positive electrode and the negative electrode. In order to realize the application of the solid electrolyte in the all-solid-state battery, firstly, the solid electrolyte is good, and secondly, the problem of the matching between the solid electrolyte and the positive electrode and the negative electrode is solved. The ionic conductivity and interface problems are the two most critical problems of solid electrolytes, and the search for a solid electrolyte with good combination of properties is the first requirement.
The solid electrolyte replaces the organic electrolyte in the existing lithium ion battery, so that the potential safety hazards of flammability and explosiveness of the liquid electrolyte can be thoroughly solved. However, not every substance can be an ideal solid electrolyte, which is conditional; the diverse requirements make the search for solid electrolytes a continuing topic. Since 1957, solid electrolytes were continuously sought; however, to date, there has not been a solid electrolyte that is said to be perfect. The mainstream solid electrolytes at present are polymers, oxides and sulfides, respectively, and polymers are considered as the electrolyte solution for most easily realizing solid batteries. However, the solid polymer electrolyte generally has a problem of low ionic conductivity.
CN110534803A discloses a method for preparing a polymer solid electrolyte introduced with a halide lithium salt, which introduces a halide lithium salt into a polymer solid electrolyte to improve the lithium ion conductivity thereof. The specific method comprises the following steps: dissolving a polymer solid electrolyte and a lithium salt in an acetonitrile solvent under an argon atmosphere (slurry a), while dissolving an appropriate amount of a halide salt (LiCl, liBr, liI) in ethanol (solution B); uniformly mixing the A and the B, pouring the mixture into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold, standing the mixture at room temperature for 8 to 16 hours, drying the mixture at 30 ℃ for 8 to 16 hours, and finally drying the mixture at 50 ℃ in vacuum for 12 to 36 hours. But the method results in a solid electrolyte membrane having low ionic conductivity.
CN109546211A discloses a composite polymer solid electrolyte membrane and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method of the composite polymer solid electrolyte membrane comprises the following steps: (1) Uniformly mixing inorganic filler, lithium salt and at least two polymers, and then granulating to obtain granules; (2) And drying the granules, and then performing injection molding to form a film, thereby obtaining the composite polymer solid electrolyte film. But the method results in a solid electrolyte membrane having low ionic conductivity.
Therefore, there is a need in the art to develop a novel solid electrolyte membrane having advantages of high ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical window, and high lithium ion mobility.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that the solid polymer electrolyte in the prior art is low in ionic conductivity. The invention aims to provide a solid polymer electrolyte membrane, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the solid polymer electrolyte membrane has the characteristics of high ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical window and high lithium ion mobility; and the mechanical and heat-resistant properties are good.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an object of the present invention is to provide a solid polymer electrolyte membrane comprising a nitrogen-containing polymer matrix, and a lithium salt dispersed on the surface and inside of the nitrogen-containing polymer matrix.
The polymer matrix selected by the invention is a nitrogen-containing compound, and the nitrogen-containing compound has higher affinity with lithium salt and can promote the transmission of lithium ions. The solid polymer electrolyte membrane has the characteristics of high ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical window and high lithium ion mobility. And the mechanical and heat-resistant properties are good, and the membrane can be directly used as a membrane.
Preferably, the nitrogen-containing polymer matrix comprises any one or a combination of at least two of ethyl cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose acetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylamide, polybenzimidazole, ladder polybenzimidazole-phenylphenanthrolindione (BBB) and ladder benzimidazole-phenylphenanthrolindione (BBL), preferably cyanoethyl cellulose acetate and/or ladder polybenzimidazole-phenylphenanthrolindione.
The preferable nitrogenous polymer matrix (cyanoethyl cellulose acetate and/or stepped polybenzimidazole-benzophenanthroline diketone) has high thermal cracking temperature, higher strength and easy film forming property, and can inhibit the growth of lithium dendrite.
Preferably, the ladder polybenzimidazole-phenanthroline dione (BBB) is synthesized by reacting 1,4,5, 8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic anhydride or naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid with 3,3' -diaminobenzidine in polyphosphoric acid (PPA).
Preferably, the ladder benzimidazole-benzophenanthroline dione (BBL) is synthesized by reacting 1,4,5, 8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic anhydride or naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid with 1,2,4, 5-tetraaminobenzene in PPA.
Preferably, the lithium salt includes lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) 6 ) Lithium perchlorate (LiClO) 4 ) Lithium hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF) 6 ) Lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF) 4 ) Lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide (LiFSI), lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI), lithium bis (oxalato) borate (LiBOB) and lithium difluoro (oxalato) borate (lidob), preferably lithium hexafluorophosphate and/or lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide.
Preferably, the lithium salt is contained in the solid polymer electrolyte membrane in an amount of 5 to 30wt%, such as 8wt%, 10wt%, 12wt%, 15wt%, 18wt%, 20wt%, 22wt%, 25wt%, or 28wt%, etc.
In the invention, the content of the lithium salt is 5-30 wt%, and the lithium salt is too high, which causes unnecessary waste; too low a content of the lithium salt may decrease the ionic conductivity.
It is a second object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a solid polymer electrolyte membrane according to the first object, the method comprising: the nitrogen-containing polymer, the lithium salt and the solvent are mixed to prepare a slurry, and then the slurry is subjected to a tape casting method to prepare a solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
Preferably, the process of preparing the solid polymer electrolyte membrane by the casting method includes: and casting the slurry on a casting machine to form a film.
Preferably, the lithium salt is contained in an amount of 5 to 30wt%, such as 8wt%, 10wt%, 12wt%, 15wt%, 18wt%, 20wt%, 22wt%, 25wt%, 28wt%, or the like, based on 100wt% of the total mass of the nitrogen-containing polymer and the lithium salt.
Preferably, the content of the nitrogen-containing polymer is 70 to 95wt%, such as 72wt%, 75wt%, 80wt%, 85wt%, 90wt%, or 92wt%, etc., based on 100wt% of the total mass of the nitrogen-containing polymer and the lithium salt.
Preferably, the slurry has a viscosity of 2000 to 4000cps, for example 2200cps, 2500cps, 2800cps, 3000cps, 3200cps, 3500cps, 3800cps, or the like.
Preferably, the solvent includes any one of Ethylene Carbonate (EC), propylene Carbonate (PC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC), propyl Propionate (PP), ethyl acetate (MES), ethyl propionate (MBS), propyl acetate (BS), methanol, ethanol, acetone, hexa-phosphamine, γ -butyrolactone, and 2-methylpentane, or a combination of at least two thereof.
Preferably, the nitrogen-containing polymer comprises any one or a combination of at least two of ethyl cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose acetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylamide, polybenzimidazole, ladder polybenzimidazole-phenylphenanthrolindione and ladder benzimidazole-phenylphenanthrolindione, preferably cyanoethyl cellulose acetate and/or ladder polybenzimidazole-phenylphenanthrolindione.
Preferably, the slurry further comprises a process of defoaming the slurry before the casting into the film.
Preferably, in the casting film forming process, the casting speed is 0.2-1 m/min, such as 0.3m/min, 0.4m/min, 0.5m/min, 0.6m/min, 0.7m/min, 0.8m/min or 0.9 m/min.
Preferably, in the casting film forming process, the casting temperature is 25 to 60 ℃, such as 28 ℃, 30 ℃, 35 ℃, 40 ℃, 45 ℃, 50 ℃ or 55 ℃ and the like.
The viscosity, the casting temperature and the casting speed of the slurry are selected to be within the range of the invention, and the obtained product has the best film forming property and the optimal comprehensive performance.
Preferably, after the film is cast into a film, the process of evaporating and drying the solvent is also included.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a solid-state battery including the solid polymer electrolyte membrane described in one of the objects.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the solid polymer electrolyte membrane has the characteristics of high ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical window and high lithium ion mobility; and the mechanical and heat-resistant properties are good, and the diaphragm can be directly used as a diaphragm.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples are only for the understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as the specific limitation of the present invention.
Example 1
Mixing cyanoethyl cellulose acetate and LiTFSI according to the mass ratio of 7.
Example 2
The polymer BBB (ladder-shaped polybenzimidazole-benzophenanthroline diketone is synthesized by reacting 1,4,5, 8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic anhydride and 3,3' -diaminobenzidine in polyphosphoric acid at 220 ℃ according to the proportion of 1) and LiTFSI according to the mass ratio of 7.
Example 3
The difference from example 1 is that the mass ratio of cyanoacetate to LiTFSI is 95.
Example 4
The difference from example 1 is that the mass ratio of cyanoethyl cellulose acetate to LiTFSI is 6.
Example 5
The difference from example 1 is that the mass ratio of cyanoethyl cellulose acetate to LiTFSI is 98.
Example 6
The difference from example 1 is that LiTFSI is replaced with an equal amount of LiFSI.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that the cyanoethyl cellulose acetate was replaced by an equal amount of polyethylene oxide PEO.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that LiTFSI is replaced with an equal amount of cyanoacetyl cellulose acetate, i.e. no lithium salt is present.
And (4) performance testing:
DSC testing indicated that: the thermal cracking temperature of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane obtained in the embodiment of the invention is more than 300 ℃, and the puncture strength is more than 200MPa, which shows that the solid polymer electrolyte membrane has excellent mechanical property and heat resistance.
The solid polymer electrolyte membranes obtained in each of the examples and comparative examples were subjected to electrochemical window, ac impedance and lithium ion mobility tests at 25 c using an electrochemical workstation, and the test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002388693700000061
Figure BDA0002388693700000071
As can be seen by comparing example 1, examples 4 to 5 and comparative example 2 in Table 1, the optimal ionic conductivity can be obtained by reasonable LiTFSI content, as long as the percolation threshold is met, too much is wasted, and the cost is increased;
as can be seen from comparison of example 1 with example 6 in table 1, liTFSI is the best lithium salt, which is easy to dissociate and complex, and is a prerequisite for a solid polymer electrolyte membrane having high ionic conductivity;
as can be seen from comparison between example 1 and comparative example 1 in table 1, the nitrogen-containing compound selected in the present application has higher affinity for lithium than conventional PEO, and is easier for lithium ion transport, thereby greatly improving the ion conductivity.
The applicant states that the present invention is illustrated by the above examples to show the detailed method of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above detailed method, that is, it does not mean that the present invention must rely on the above detailed method to be carried out. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of the raw materials of the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.

Claims (18)

1. A solid polymer electrolyte membrane, comprising a nitrogen-containing polymer matrix, and a lithium salt dispersed on the surface and inside of the nitrogen-containing polymer matrix;
the nitrogenous polymer matrix comprises any one or the combination of two of ladder-shaped polybenzimidazole-benzophenanthroline diketone and ladder-shaped benzimidazole-benzophenanthroline diketone;
the ladder-shaped polybenzimidazole-benzophenanthroline diketone is synthesized by reacting 1,4,5, 8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic anhydride or naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid with 3,3' -diaminobenzidine in polyphosphoric acid;
the ladder-shaped benzimidazole-benzophenanthroline diketone is synthesized by reacting 1,4,5, 8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic anhydride or naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid with 1,2,4, 5-tetraaminobenzene in polyphosphoric acid.
2. The solid polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen-containing polymer matrix is a ladder-shaped polybenzimidazole-benzophenanthroline dione.
3. The solid polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 1, wherein the lithium salt comprises any one of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium difluorosulfonimide, lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide, lithium bisoxalato borate and lithium difluorooxalato borate or a combination of at least two thereof.
4. The solid polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 3, wherein the lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate and/or lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide.
5. The solid polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 1, wherein the content of the lithium salt in the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is 5 to 30wt%.
6. A method for producing a solid polymer electrolyte membrane according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the method comprises: the nitrogen-containing polymer, the lithium salt and the solvent are mixed to prepare a slurry, and then the slurry is subjected to a tape casting method to prepare a solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the casting method for preparing the solid polymer electrolyte membrane comprises: and casting the slurry on a casting machine to form a film.
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the lithium salt is contained in an amount of 5 to 30wt% based on 100wt% of the total mass of the nitrogen-containing polymer and the lithium salt.
9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the content of the nitrogen-containing polymer is 70 to 95wt% based on 100wt% of the total mass of the nitrogen-containing polymer and the lithium salt.
10. The method of claim 6, wherein the slurry has a viscosity of 2000 to 4000cps.
11. The method of claim 6, wherein the solvent comprises any one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, propyl propionate, ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, propyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, acetone, hexa-phosphamide, gamma-butyrolactone, and 2-methylpentane, or a combination of at least two thereof.
12. The method of claim 6, wherein the nitrogen-containing polymer comprises any one of or a combination of at least two of ethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylamide, polybenzimidazole, ladder polybenzimidazole-phenylphenanthrolidinone and ladder benzimidazole-phenylphenanthrolidinone.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the nitrogen-containing polymer is a ladder polybenzimidazole-benzophenanthroline dione.
14. The method according to claim 6, wherein the slurry is subjected to a defoaming process before the casting into a film.
15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the casting speed is 0.2 to 1m/min during the casting film forming process.
16. The method according to claim 14, wherein the casting temperature is 25 to 60 ℃ in the casting film forming process.
17. The method according to claim 14, wherein after the film is cast into a film, the method further comprises a process of evaporating and drying the solvent.
18. A solid-state battery, characterized in that it comprises a solid polymer electrolyte membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
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