CN113298419A - Optimal selection method of typical condition underground water pollution plume spatial distribution interpolation technology - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preferable method of a spatial distribution interpolation technology of groundwater pollution plumes under typical conditions, which comprises the following steps: constructing a typical scene and a numerical model thereof; obtaining typical scene sample data and inspection data; and evaluating the suitability of the interpolation technology. By integrating the underground water environment and the geographic information technology, based on the heterogeneity of the permeability coefficient field of the polluted site and different pollution situations of the number of pollution sources and the difference of interpolation technologies suitable for different numbers of sampling points, the optimal method of the suitable interpolation technology corresponding to typical conditions such as different site conditions, pollution situations, the number of different sampling points and the like is provided. The invention establishes a flow and an integration method for optimizing evaluation from typical scene construction, numerical model establishment, interpolation data extraction to interpolation error calculation and interpolation technology, comprehensively considers the sizes and weights of error detection indexes of three interpolation results, and improves the scientificity and accuracy of interpolation technology evaluation and optimization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an optimal selection method of an underground water pollution plume spatial distribution interpolation technology, in particular to a method for screening an appropriate interpolation technology aiming at different numbers of sampling points based on different typical water-containing conditions, and belongs to the technical field of underground water pollution site restoration.
Background
Generally speaking, in actual groundwater pollution site remediation and risk management and control work, the pollution condition and the pollution range of a research area need to be known and mastered, and hydrogeological parameters and pollution data of a limited number of sampling points can only be acquired during site investigation, so that the overall hydrogeological parameters, the pollution range and the pollution degree of the research area often need to be determined by means of a spatial interpolation technology.
However, each interpolation technology has applicability and limitation, and the blind use of the spatial interpolation technology is likely to bring uncertainty to the restoration and risk control of the polluted site. The underground water pollution situation has the characteristics of complexity and diversification, and particularly, the spatial distribution characteristics of pollutants in the pollution site under different pollution situations are greatly different in the aspects of the number and type distribution of pollution sources, the hydrogeological characteristics of the pollution site, the source sink characteristics and the like. Meanwhile, the number of sampling points is different, the suitable interpolation technology is also different, and simple judgment is carried out only according to the characteristics of the interpolation technology, so that whether the interpolation technology is the interpolation technology which is most suitable for the current pollution situation or not cannot be determined.
Based on the above, the application provides a preferred method of a typical condition groundwater pollution plume spatial distribution interpolation technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve the above problems by providing a preferred method for spatial distribution interpolation of groundwater pollution plumes under typical conditions, which can screen out an optimum spatial interpolation technique for different numbers of sampling points under different typical situations, such as single-source pollution situations, multi-source pollution situations, homogeneous infiltration pollution situations, heterogeneous infiltration pollution situations, and the like, so as to improve the interpolation accuracy of groundwater pollution plumes.
The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme: a preferred method of a typical condition groundwater pollution plume spatial distribution interpolation technology comprises the following steps:
step A: constructing typical scenes and numerical models thereof
Constructing typical site conditions and underground water pollution scenes by determining the number and distribution of underground water pollution sources, the characteristics of water-containing media and other hydrogeological conditions;
and B: obtaining typical scene sample data and inspection data
Obtaining a simulation result of the pollution plume by operating a numerical model of a typical scene, converting the simulation result into data files corresponding to different representative sample points, and dividing the data files into sample data and inspection data;
and C: evaluation of suitability of interpolation technique
And respectively interpolating the sample data by using different types of interpolation technologies, then carrying out error detection on interpolation results by using the detection data, and carrying out suitability evaluation.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the step A, typical site conditions and underground water pollution scenes are constructed, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
A1) determining the characteristics of the pollution source: the pollution source characteristics refer to the number, type and distribution of pollution sources, the quantity of the pollution sources is divided into a single source and a multi-source, the type of the pollution source refers to a pollution source release mode and comprises a constant pollution source, an instantaneous pollution source or a variable source pollution source and the like, and the distribution of the pollution sources refers to a spatial distribution mode of different pollution sources and comprises aggregation, dispersion and the like;
A2) determining the characteristics of the aqueous medium: the water-containing medium is characterized by comprising the permeability coefficient, the thickness of the water-containing medium, source sink conditions and the like of the water-containing medium, wherein the permeability coefficient of the water-containing medium is divided into homogeneous and heterogeneous, the heterogeneous aquifer is further divided into a random heterogeneous field and a partitioned heterogeneous field, the permeability coefficient of the random heterogeneous field is randomly distributed in the whole research area, the permeability coefficient of the partitioned heterogeneous field is inconsistent between every two partitions but consistent in every partition, and the source sink conditions comprise precipitation supply, water pumping, river lateral supply and other conditions and the distribution size of the precipitation supply;
A3) constructing a numerical model: and constructing a simulation software system for groundwater seepage and solute transport by using GMS, Visual MODFLOW and the like.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the step B, typical scene sample data and inspection data are acquired, and the method specifically includes the following steps:
B1) generating a simulation result: obtaining a numerical simulation result of the pollution plume by operating a numerical model of a typical situation, and further obtaining the pollution plume characteristics and concentration distribution of the pollutants in the underground water;
B2) extracting sample pollutant data: exporting the concentration distribution data and the coordinates of the pollution plume as sample point data and arranging the sample point data into a file type which can be identified by ArcGIS or directly exporting the sample point data and the coordinates into file data which can be identified by ArcGIS;
B3) determining interpolation sample data and inspection data: and randomly selecting 20, 50, 100, 200 and other different data points in the pollution plume concentration data as sample data, and randomly selecting 20 or more data points as test data to obtain 4 or more groups of sample data and one group of test data with the number of the sample points from small to large.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the step C, the evaluation of the suitability of the interpolation technology specifically includes the following steps:
C1) respectively interpolating 4 or more groups of sample data by using different interpolation techniques, wherein the interpolation techniques comprise an inverse distance weight method, a kriging method, a natural field method, a spline function method, a trend surface method and the like, and respectively obtaining interpolation results of the four or more groups of sample data under different interpolation techniques;
C2) extracting values of the positions of the inspection points obtained by various interpolation techniques by using a multi-value extraction extreme point tool;
C3) performing error detection on all interpolation results of each group of sample data, wherein error indexes comprise MAE, MRE and RMSE;
wherein, the MAE represents the magnitude of the absolute error; MRE represents the ratio of the error magnitude to the true value, and the scale influence is eliminated; RMSE is the square of the error, whose magnitude can highlight the presence of outlier errors;
C4) evaluation of suitability for interpolation technique: and determining the weights of the 3 error indexes and the scores of each interpolation technology under the error indexes, and calculating the comprehensive scores for evaluating the suitability.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the step C4), the evaluation of suitability of the interpolation technique specifically includes the following steps:
C41) sorting the error sizes: based on the 3 error indexes, sorting the errors of the interpolation technology from large to small respectively, wherein the ranks are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and the like;
C42) determine suitability scores based on 3 error indicators, respectively: the rank is used as the suitability score of the interpolation technology, and the smaller the error is, the higher the score is;
C43) determine the weights of 3 error indicators: because the errors of the predicted value and the measured value are measured by the 3 error indexes from different angles, the weights of the 3 errors are generally determined to be 1/3, and different weights can be given according to actual needs;
C44) calculating a composite suitability score: according to the interpolation technology, based on the respective suitability scores of the 3 error indexes and the weights of the error indexes, adding the products of the scores and the weights to obtain a comprehensive suitability score of the interpolation technology; the higher the score, the more appropriate the interpolation technique corresponding to the number of corresponding sample points under the established typical scenario.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the optimal method of the suitable interpolation technology corresponding to different typical water-containing conditions, pollution scenes and different sampling point numbers is provided based on heterogeneity of hydrogeological conditions of a pollution site, distribution diversity of pollution source numbers and types and difference of applicable interpolation technologies of different numbers of sampling points, a detailed process of scene construction, numerical model establishment, interpolation data interpolation and interpolation technology evaluation optimization is described, sizes of error inspection indexes of three interpolation results are comprehensively considered, and scientificity and accuracy of interpolation technology evaluation are improved. The optimal method of the spatial distribution interpolation technology of the groundwater pollution plumes under the typical conditions is reasonable in design, practical and feasible by combining the groundwater environment and the geographic information technology, and has important practical significance on groundwater pollution evaluation and prevention, control and restoration.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of interpolation results obtained by different interpolation methods for different numbers of sampling points according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating error comparison between different interpolation methods according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
A preferred method of a typical condition groundwater pollution plume spatial distribution interpolation technology comprises the following steps:
step A: constructing typical scenes and numerical models thereof
Constructing typical site conditions and underground water pollution scenes by determining the number and distribution of underground water pollution sources, the characteristics of water-containing media and other hydrogeological conditions;
in the step a, a typical scenario and a numerical model thereof are constructed, and the method specifically includes the following steps:
A1) determining the characteristics of the pollution source: the pollution source characteristics refer to the number, type and distribution of pollution sources, the quantity of the pollution sources is divided into a single source and a multi-source, the type of the pollution source refers to a pollution source release mode and comprises a constant pollution source, an instantaneous pollution source or a variable source pollution source and the like, and the distribution of the pollution sources refers to a spatial distribution mode of different pollution sources and comprises aggregation, dispersion and the like;
A2) determining the characteristics of the aqueous medium: the water-containing medium is characterized by comprising the permeability coefficient, the thickness of the water-containing medium, source sink conditions and the like of the water-containing medium, wherein the permeability coefficient of the water-containing medium is divided into homogeneous and heterogeneous, the heterogeneous aquifer is further divided into a random heterogeneous field and a partitioned heterogeneous field, the permeability coefficient of the random heterogeneous field is randomly distributed in the whole research area, the permeability coefficient of the partitioned heterogeneous field is inconsistent between every two partitions but consistent in every partition, and the source sink conditions comprise precipitation supply, water pumping, river lateral supply and other conditions and the distribution size of the precipitation supply;
A3) constructing a numerical model: and constructing a simulation software system for groundwater seepage and solute transport by using GMS, Visual MODFLOW and the like.
And B: obtaining typical scene sample data and inspection data
Obtaining a simulation result of the pollution plume by operating a numerical model of a typical scene, converting the simulation result into data files corresponding to different representative sample points, and dividing the data files into sample data and inspection data;
in the step B, typical scene sample data and inspection data are acquired, and the method specifically includes the following steps:
B1) generating a simulation result: obtaining a numerical simulation result of the pollution plume by operating a numerical model of a typical situation, and further obtaining the pollution plume characteristics and concentration distribution of the pollutants in the underground water;
B2) extracting sample pollutant data: exporting the concentration distribution data and the coordinates of the pollution plume as sample point data and arranging the sample point data into a file type which can be identified by ArcGIS or directly exporting the sample point data and the coordinates into file data which can be identified by ArcGIS;
B3) determining interpolation sample data and inspection data: and randomly selecting 20, 50, 100, 200 and other different data points in the pollution plume concentration data as sample data, and randomly selecting 20 or more data points as test data to obtain 4 or more groups of sample data and one group of test data with the number of the sample points from small to large.
And C: evaluation of suitability of interpolation technique
And respectively interpolating the sample data by using different types of interpolation technologies, then carrying out error detection on interpolation results by using the detection data, and carrying out suitability evaluation.
In the step C, the evaluation of the suitability of the interpolation technology specifically includes the following steps:
C1) respectively interpolating 4 or more groups of sample data by using different interpolation techniques, wherein the interpolation techniques comprise an inverse distance weight method, a kriging method, a natural field method, a spline function method, a trend surface method and the like, and respectively obtaining interpolation results of the four or more groups of sample data under different interpolation techniques;
C2) extracting values of the positions of the inspection points obtained by various interpolation techniques by using a multi-value extraction extreme point tool;
C3) performing error detection on all interpolation results of each group of sample data, wherein error indexes comprise MAE, MRE and RMSE;
wherein, the MAE represents the magnitude of the absolute error; MRE represents the ratio of the error magnitude to the true value, and the scale influence is eliminated; RMSE is the square of the error, whose magnitude can highlight the presence of outlier errors;
C4) evaluation of suitability for interpolation technique: and determining the weights of the 3 error indexes and the scores of each interpolation technology under the error indexes, and calculating the comprehensive scores for evaluating the suitability.
In the step C4), the evaluation of suitability of the interpolation technique specifically includes the following steps:
C41) sorting the error sizes: based on the 3 error indexes, sorting the errors of the interpolation technology from large to small respectively, wherein the ranks are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and the like;
C42) determine suitability scores based on 3 error indicators, respectively: the rank is used as the suitability score of the interpolation technology, and the smaller the error is, the higher the score is;
C43) determine the weights of 3 error indicators: because the errors of the predicted value and the measured value are measured by the 3 error indexes from different angles, the weights of the 3 errors are generally determined to be 1/3, and different weights can be given according to actual needs;
C44) calculating a composite suitability score: according to the interpolation technology, based on the respective suitability scores of the 3 error indexes and the weights of the error indexes, adding the products of the scores and the weights to obtain a comprehensive suitability score of the interpolation technology; the higher the score, the more appropriate the interpolation technique corresponding to the number of corresponding sample points under the established typical scenario.
Example two
As shown in fig. 1 and 2: a preferred method of a typical condition groundwater pollution plume spatial distribution interpolation technology comprises the following steps:
(1) constructing typical scenes and numerical models thereof
Typical groundwater pollution scenarios were constructed as: the water-containing system is a typical system of an upper layer diving aquifer, a middle layer weak permeable stratum and a lower layer confined aquifer, the permeability coefficients of the diving aquifer, the weak permeable stratum and the confined aquifer are distributed in an equivalent way, atmospheric precipitation exists in the diving layer and is supplied uniformly, a pumping well is not provided, the pollution source type is a single-source constant source, and the pollution effect is generated on underground water by stable concentration. After the typical situation is constructed, simulating and generating a numerical model of a typical water-containing system by using GMS software, sequentially comprising a groundwater seepage model and a pollutant migration model, and operating the model to obtain pollution plume and concentration distribution of pollutants;
(2) obtaining typical scene sample data and inspection data
And deriving the concentration distribution data of the pollution plume into point shp file data in ArcGIS to obtain the concentration data of the pollution plume with coordinates. Randomly selecting 20, 50, 100 and 200 data points in the pollution plume concentration data as sample data, and randomly selecting 20 data points as inspection data to obtain 4 groups of sample data and one group of inspection data with the number of the sample points being as small as much;
(3) evaluation of suitability of interpolation technique
And (3) interpolating the 4 groups of sample data by different interpolation methods, wherein the interpolation methods comprise an inverse distance weight method, a kriging method, a natural field method, a spline function method, a trend surface method and the like, and interpolation results of the five groups of sample data under different interpolation methods are obtained respectively. Using a multi-value extraction extreme point tool to obtain interpolation data of the inspection point position, carrying out error inspection on an original value of the inspection point position and a value obtained by interpolation, and carrying out comprehensive evaluation to obtain 20 sampling points, wherein the accuracy of a natural field method and a spline interpolation method is better as shown in table 1; for 50 sample points, the accuracy of a terrain grid-to-grid method and a natural field method is better; for 100 samples: the accuracy of a natural field method and a spline interpolation method is good; for 200 samples: the accuracy of the natural field method and the spline interpolation method is better.
TABLE 1 suitability scores for different errors and composite suitability scores for each interpolation technique
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (5)
1. A preferred method of a typical conditional groundwater pollution plume spatial distribution interpolation technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step A: constructing typical scenes and numerical models thereof
Constructing typical site conditions and underground water pollution scenes by determining the quantity and distribution of underground water pollution sources and the characteristic hydrogeological conditions of water-containing media;
and B: obtaining typical scene sample data and inspection data
Obtaining a simulation result of the pollution plume by operating a numerical model of a typical scene, converting the simulation result into data files corresponding to different representative sample points, and dividing the data files into sample data and inspection data;
and C: evaluation of suitability of interpolation technique
And respectively interpolating the sample data by using different types of interpolation technologies, then carrying out error detection on interpolation results by using the detection data, and carrying out suitability evaluation.
2. The preferable method of the spatial distribution interpolation technique for the typical condition groundwater pollution plume according to claim 1, wherein in the step A, the typical scenario and the numerical model thereof are constructed, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
A1) determining the characteristics of the pollution source: the pollution source characteristics refer to the number of pollution sources and are divided into a single source and a multi-source;
A2) determining the permeability coefficient homogeneity of the aquifer: the distribution of the permeability coefficient of the aquifer is divided into homogeneous and heterogeneous, and the heterogeneous aquifer is further divided into a random heterogeneous field and a partition heterogeneous field;
wherein the permeability coefficients of the random heterogeneous field are randomly distributed throughout the study area, and the permeability coefficients of the partitioned heterogeneous field are inconsistent between each partition but consistent within each partition;
A3) constructing a numerical model: and constructing a groundwater numerical model by using a GMS (Gaussian filtered minimum shift model) and Visual MODFLOW groundwater seepage and solute transport simulation software system.
3. The preferable method of the spatial distribution interpolation technique for the typical condition groundwater pollution plume according to claim 1, wherein in the step B, the typical situation sample data and the inspection data are obtained, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
B1) generating a simulation result: obtaining a numerical simulation result of the pollution plume by operating a numerical model of a typical situation, and further obtaining the pollution plume characteristics and concentration distribution of the pollutants in the underground water;
B2) extracting sample pollutant data: exporting the concentration distribution data and the coordinates of the pollution plume as sample point data and arranging the sample point data into a file type which can be identified by ArcGIS or directly exporting the sample point data and the coordinates into file data which can be identified by ArcGIS;
B3) determining interpolation sample data and inspection data: and randomly selecting 20, 50, 100 and 200 different data points in the pollution plume concentration data as sample data, and randomly selecting at least 20 data points as test data to obtain at least 4 or more groups of sample data and one group of test data with the number of the sample points from small to large.
4. The preferable method of the interpolation technique for the spatial distribution of the typical conditional groundwater pollution plume according to claim 3, wherein in the step C, the evaluation of the suitability of the interpolation technique specifically comprises the following steps:
C1) interpolating at least 4 groups of sample data by different interpolation technologies respectively, wherein the interpolation technologies comprise an inverse distance weight method, a kriging method, a natural field method, a spline function method and a trend surface method, and interpolation results of at least four groups of sample data under different interpolation technologies are obtained respectively;
C2) extracting values of the positions of the inspection points obtained by various interpolation techniques by using a multi-value extraction extreme point tool;
C3) performing error detection on all interpolation results of each group of sample data, wherein detection indexes comprise MAE, MRE and RMSE;
wherein, the MAE represents the magnitude of the absolute error; MRE represents the ratio of the error magnitude to the true value, and the scale influence is eliminated; RMSE is the square of the error, whose magnitude can highlight the presence of outlier errors;
C4) evaluation of suitability for interpolation technique: the weights of the 3 errors and the scores of each interpolation technique are determined, and a composite score is calculated for suitability evaluation.
5. The technical optimization method for interpolating the spatial distribution of typical conditional groundwater pollution plumes according to claim 4, wherein in the step C4), the suitability evaluation of the interpolation technique specifically comprises the following steps:
C41) sorting the error sizes: based on the 3 errors, sorting the errors of the interpolation technology from large to small respectively, wherein the ranks are 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 …;
C42) the suitability score based on the 3 error categories was determined: the rank is used as the suitability score of the interpolation technology, and the smaller the error is, the higher the score is;
C43) determine weights for 3 errors: because the errors of the predicted value and the measured value are measured by the 3 errors from different angles, the weights of the 3 errors can be determined to be 1/3, and different weights can be given;
C44) calculating a composite suitability score: according to the suitability scores of the 3 kinds of errors and the weights of the errors, adding the products of the scores and the weights to obtain a comprehensive suitability score; the higher the score, the more appropriate the interpolation technique corresponding to the number of corresponding sample points under the established typical scenario.
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| CN114295701A (en) * | 2021-12-26 | 2022-04-08 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 | Monitoring well for monitoring benzene series in underground water and arrangement method thereof |
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