CN113297702B - Flow balance diffusion tube design method - Google Patents

Flow balance diffusion tube design method Download PDF

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CN113297702B
CN113297702B CN202110659772.6A CN202110659772A CN113297702B CN 113297702 B CN113297702 B CN 113297702B CN 202110659772 A CN202110659772 A CN 202110659772A CN 113297702 B CN113297702 B CN 113297702B
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杨铭
徐培哲
于殊雯
万新斌
杨卫英
戴明城
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708th Research Institute of CSIC
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Abstract

The invention discloses a flow balance diffuser design method, which comprises the following steps: selecting a first group of manifold structure parameter samples; calculating to obtain the inner diameter of the opening of the branch pipe; selecting the inner diameter of the branch pipe opening meeting the actual conditions; checking that the orifice flow coefficient is in accordance with reality; modifying the orifice flow coefficient, and updating a manifold structure parameter sample; checking whether the maximum flow condition of the branch pipe meets the design requirement; modifying the number of the holes and updating a main pipe structure parameter sample; modifying the inner diameter of the header pipe, and updating a header pipe structure parameter sample; and adjusting the branch pipe opening pattern to approximate the calculated optimal value. The diffusion pipe designed by the method has the effects of uniform water distribution and flow limiting value, and can reduce the oil-water disturbance degree, thereby ensuring the feasibility of the oil-water substitution system for realizing the function of the oil-water substitution tank as well as the fuel tank and the ballast tank, and improving the service performance of the whole ship.

Description

Flow balance diffusion tube design method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a flow balance diffusion pipe design method, in particular to a flow balance diffusion pipe design method in a liquid tank in a ship oil-water replacement pipe system, and belongs to the technical field of ships.
Background
The oil-water replacing system for ship is one new system proposed in recent years, which has the loading state inside the oil-water replacing cabin basically unchanged with the fuel consumption by injecting sea water in the same amount into the fuel cabin continuously during the fuel consumption of ship. The system is beneficial to static balance of the ship, can eliminate adverse effects of tilting moment formed by tilting of the liquid surface on ship stability, and increases ballast tank capacity by arranging the oil-water replacement tank.
The main problem that the system is not widely popularized in China is that in the process of injecting fuel oil into seawater, an oil-water interface is greatly disturbed, an oil-water emulsion layer is likely to be formed, and when the system is stably sailed, the thickness of the emulsion layer is not large (2-5 mm), but can reach 40-60 mm under the condition of 5-6 levels of sea, so that the normal work of a ship fuel oil system is influenced.
The diffusion pipe is a core component for realizing stable extrusion of fuel oil by seawater in an oil-water replacement system. As shown in fig. 1, a typical diffuser 100 is composed of three parts, a manifold 101, a manifold 102, and a diffuser head 103. Compared with a common pipeline, the main pipe 101 is a circular pipe with a closed end, and the flow velocity is reduced and the disturbance is reduced by increasing the flow area. The manifold 101 is distributed with branch pipes 102 of specific specifications, which mainly play a role in connecting with a diffusion head, the diffusion head 103 is in threaded connection with the branch pipes 102, the diffusion head 103 is a circular pipe with different inner diameters, and the diffusion head 103 plays a role in adjusting the outlet flow balance of each branch pipe. The quality of the design of the parameters of the diffuser pipe structure directly determines the effect of the diffuser pipe and the performance of a system, however, water distribution cannot be completely uniform, and the design of the diffuser pipe meets the engineering requirements by taking the flow balance of the branch pipe as an optimal target.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: how to make the diffusion tube possess the even and flow limit value effect of water distribution simultaneously to reduce the problem of profit disturbance.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is to provide a flow balance diffuser design method, the diffuser comprises a header pipe, branch pipes and a diffuser head, one side of the header pipe is connected with the branch pipes, and the end of each branch pipe is provided with the diffuser head, the diffuser design method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: according to the flow balance index requirement, preliminarily determining a main pipe structure parameter value range of the diffusion pipe and selecting a group of main pipe structure parameter samples in the main pipe structure parameter value range;
and 2, step: aiming at the main pipe structure parameter sample, performing fluid resistance calculation to obtain the corresponding branch pipe open pore inner diameter;
and step 3: selecting the inner diameter of the branch pipe opening meeting the actual conditions;
and 4, step 4: checking an orifice flow coefficient according to a main pipe structure parameter sample and the branch pipe open pore inner diameter meeting actual conditions, and judging whether the orifice flow coefficient is in accordance with reality; if yes, go to step 6; if not, entering step 5;
and 5: modifying the orifice flow coefficient, and updating a manifold structure parameter sample; entering the step 2;
step 6: checking the maximum flow value condition of the branch pipe according to the main pipe structure parameter sample and the checked branch pipe open hole inner diameter meeting the actual condition, and judging whether the design requirement is met; if yes, go to step 9; if not, entering step 7;
and 7: modifying the number of the holes and updating a main pipe structure parameter sample; if the number of the openings is modified, the obtained maximum flow velocity can meet the design requirement, and the step 2 is carried out; if the number of the openings is modified, the obtained maximum flow velocity cannot meet the design requirement, and the step 8 is carried out;
and 8: modifying the length and the inner diameter of the header pipe, and updating a header pipe structure parameter sample; entering the step 2;
and step 9: obtaining an optimal main pipe structure parameter sample and the inner diameter of the opening of the branch pipe meeting actual conditions; adjusting the structural form of the diffusion head, and correcting the inner diameter of the opening of the branch pipe to enable the flow of the designed branch pipe to approach the optimal value obtained by calculation, so that the flow of all the branch pipes of the manufactured diffusion pipe is balanced;
wherein: the flow balance index comprises that on the premise of preset main pipe flow, the water distribution balance degree and the maximum flow of the branch pipe both meet the design requirement, and the water distribution balance degree is defined as the ratio of the maximum flow of the branch pipe to the minimum flow of the branch pipe; the maximum flow of the branch pipe is defined as the maximum value of the average flow of any branch pipe opening along the flow section of the branch pipe;
the main pipe structure parameters comprise main pipe length, main pipe roughness, main pipe inner diameter, main pipe wall thickness, opening quantity and opening flow coefficient.
Preferably, the length of the main pipe is arranged according to the cabin, and the main pipe longitudinally penetrates through the whole cabin; selecting the roughness of the header pipe by considering brand new and used conditions; the tapping flow coefficient needs to be assumed during initial selection, and the value range of the tapping flow coefficient is 0.62-0.85 according to engineering experience.
Preferably, the fluid resistance calculation in step 2 is performed by firstly meeting the requirement of the water distribution balance degree, and then checking the open pore flow coefficient and the maximum branch pipe flow condition.
Preferably, the fluid resistance calculation in step 2 is implemented by combining an empirical formula and a semi-empirical formula according to bernoulli equation and continuity equation.
Preferably, the calculation method of the inner diameter of the branch pipe opening is as follows:
the maximum value of the pressure difference of the diffusion tube along the line distribution satisfies that:
Figure BDA0003114755680000031
wherein:
Figure BDA0003114755680000032
water distribution characteristic coefficient of the diffusion tube;
g, gravitational acceleration;
n, pipeline roughness;
l, total length of pipeline;
d, the inner diameter of the pipeline;
the opening ratio beta is the ratio of the total area of the orifices of the diffusion tube to the cross-sectional area of the main tube, and beta meets the following conditions:
Figure BDA0003114755680000033
wherein:
m, the number of openings;
d, the inner diameter of the opening of the branch pipe;
eta, water distribution balance degree index;
mu, the orifice flow coefficient is obtained by looking up a table according to the ratio of the branch pipe open hole inner diameter D and the pipe wall thickness delta;
the value range of the inner diameter value of the open hole can be obtained according to the formulas (1) and (2).
Preferably, in the step 9, the optimal total pipe structure parameter sample and the opening inner diameter of the branch pipe meeting the actual conditions are obtained by modifying the number of the openings and modifying the total pipe inner diameter by the method of claim 4 until the water distribution uniformity index requirement is completely met, so as to obtain the optimal total pipe structure parameter sample and the opening inner diameter of the branch pipe meeting the actual conditions.
Preferably, the method for enabling the designed branch pipe flow to approach the optimal value obtained by calculation in the step 9 is realized by adjusting the structural form of the diffusion head, including adjusting the included angle between the main pipe and the branch pipe, the inner diameter of the diffusion head and the length of the diffusion head, so as to optimize the flow distribution of the diffusion pipe.
Preferably, the method for checking whether the maximum flow condition of the branch pipe in step 6 meets the design requirement is as follows:
checking the average flow velocity of the orifice according to the flow of the main pipe, the number of the open holes and the actual inner diameter of the open hole, and estimating by the formula (3) to obtain the maximum flow velocity v of the branch pipemaxWhether the design requirements are met:
Figure BDA0003114755680000041
wherein:
qmaxflow q at the opening of each branch pipe1,q2,…,qm-1,qmA maximum value;
q, manifold flow.
Preferably, the main pipe and the branch pipe are made of communicating pipes which are convenient to manufacture.
Preferably, the design structure of the diffusion head is a structure aiming at changing the local resistance coefficient.
Aiming at the risk of large disturbance of an oil-water interface in an oil-water replacing system, the invention provides a design method of a flow-balanced diffusion pipe.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a typical diffuser structure;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a flow balancing diffuser design method.
Detailed Description
In order to make the invention more comprehensible, preferred embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The diffusion pipe is a core component for realizing stable extrusion of fuel oil by seawater in an oil-water replacement system. As shown in fig. 1, a typical diffuser 100 is composed of three parts, a manifold 101, a manifold 102, and a diffuser head 103. The main structural parameters of the diffuser 100 include the manifold length L, the manifold roughness n, the manifold inside diameter D, the manifold wall thickness δ, the number of openings m, and the opening flow coefficient μ of the diffuser.
The main pipe and the branch pipe are made of round pipes, square pipes or communicating pipes with other cross-section forms which are convenient to manufacture and have standard specifications. The design structure of the diffusion head is a structure aiming at changing the local resistance coefficient.
These structural parameters determine the drag coefficient of the diffuser 100. The drag coefficient is an important property of the diffuser 100, and the on-way drag coefficient and the local drag coefficient of the system are determined by the outlet flow Q at each branch 102 of the diffuser 100 under other relevant conditions, such as the inlet flow Q of the fluid from the manifold, the inlet-outlet pressure difference P, and the like1,q2,…,qm-1,qmAnd the degree of flow balance. The flow balance capability of diffuser 100 can be calculated using the system on-way drag coefficient and the local drag coefficient.
The invention provides a flow balance diffuser design method 200, which optimizes the resistance coefficient of the diffuser, as shown in fig. 2, according to the method 200 of the invention, a first group of manifold structure parameter samples are selected according to the manifold flow; calculating the inner diameter of the opening of the branch pipe (namely the inner diameter of the branch pipe 102) and selecting the inner diameter of the opening of the branch pipe which meets the actual conditions by using a fluid resistance calculation method according to the structural parameter sample of the main pipe; checking the orifice flow coefficient and the maximum flow condition of the branch pipe to obtain an optimal main pipe structure parameter sample and the branch pipe open hole inner diameter; and adjusting the structural form of the diffusion head 103 to enable the designed branch pipe flow to approach the calculated optimal value.
The method 200 for designing the diffuser pipe with balanced flow specifically comprises the following steps:
step 201: selecting a first group of header pipe structure parameter samples;
first, the value range of the manifold structure parameter of the diffusion tube can be defined, and the value range can be determined according to practical experience. For example, based on flow field conditions, cabin size, the number of internal partitions and other relevant conditions, the value ranges of the length and the inner diameter of the diffusion tube are preliminarily determined according to experience, and the optimal value in the value ranges can be found out through a series of steps. The length of the diffuser pipe generally longitudinally penetrates through the whole cabin, and accounts for more than 90% of the length of the cabin. The flow rate in the common pipe of the inner diameter of the diffusion pipe is the minimum requirement, and the diffusion pipe is in a standard specification so as to be convenient to manufacture, and the selected drift diameters of the pipe are DN100, DN125, DN150, DN200, DN250, DN300 and the like. The roughness value of the header pipe under the brand new and after-use conditions is considered. The value range of the open pore flow coefficient is 0.62-0.85 according to engineering experience, and the value can be checked through a series of steps subsequently. The number of openings is assumed during initial selection, and the value can be checked subsequently through a series of steps.
Step 202: calculating to obtain the inner diameter of the branch pipe opening
In the present invention, the fluid calculation can be realized by combining an empirical formula and a semi-empirical formula (a pipe fluid resistance calculation formula, such as DARCY formula, HAZEN-williams formula, mady diagram, etc.) according to bernoulli equation and continuity equation, and the fluid resistance of the diffuser can be obtained by using other empirical models or experiments.
The maximum value of the pressure difference of the diffusion tube along the line distribution satisfies that:
Figure BDA0003114755680000061
wherein:
Figure BDA0003114755680000062
the diffusion tube (circular tube) has water distribution characteristic coefficient;
g, gravity acceleration, and is 9.81m2/s；
n, the roughness of the pipeline is 0.012-0.013, and the roughness can be selected according to the actual pipe conditions and empirical values;
l, total length of pipeline, m;
d, the inner diameter of the pipeline, m.
The opening ratio beta is the ratio of the total orifice area of the diffusion tube to the cross-sectional area of the header tube, and beta satisfies the following conditions:
Figure BDA0003114755680000063
wherein:
m, the number of openings;
d, the inner diameter of the opening of the branch pipe, m;
eta, water distribution balance degree index;
mu, orifice flow coefficient, obtained by looking up a table according to the ratio of the branch pipe opening inner diameter D and the pipe wall thickness delta.
The value range of the inner diameter value of the open hole can be obtained according to the formulas (1) and (2).
Step 203: selecting the inner diameter of the branch pipe opening meeting the actual conditions
The actual pore size values are standard for ease of manufacture, and the tube diameters selected are DN10, DN15, DN20, DN25, DN32, DN40, DN50, and the like.
Step 204: checking that orifice flow coefficients are in fact
And (4) checking a table according to the actually selected open pore diameter or correcting the orifice flow coefficient by adopting other calculation, simulation or test modes.
Step 205: modifying the flow coefficient of the orifice and updating the structural parameter sample of the main pipe
And (3) forming a new manifold structure parameter sample to replace the original first group of manifold structure parameter samples according to the obtained orifice flow coefficient, calculating again according to the step 202, and verifying that the selected inner diameter of the opening meets the requirement of the water distribution balance index.
And obtaining a corresponding orifice flow coefficient according to a table look-up comprising the first group of main pipe structure parameter samples and the selected branch pipe open pore inner diameter meeting the actual conditions, updating the first group of main pipe structure parameter samples, and repeating the fluid resistance calculation until the branch pipe open pore inner diameter meeting the actual conditions is obtained.
The updated first group of header pipe structure parameter samples and the updated branch pipe opening inner diameters are only different in name and parameter value from the original first group of header pipe structure parameter samples and the original branch pipe opening inner diameters, and the updated first group of header pipe structure parameter samples and the updated branch pipe opening inner diameters replace the original header pipe structure parameter samples and the original branch pipe opening inner diameters to participate in subsequent calculation.
Step 206: checking the maximum flow condition of the branch pipe according to the structure parameter samples of the first group of header pipes and the checked inner diameter of the opening of the branch pipe meeting the actual conditions, and checking whether the maximum flow condition of the branch pipe meets the design requirements;
checking the average flow velocity of the orifice according to the flow of the main pipe, the number of the open holes and the actual inner diameter of the open hole, and estimating by the formula (3) to obtain the maximum flow velocity v of the branch pipemaxWhether the design requirements are met:
Figure BDA0003114755680000071
wherein:
qmaxflow q at the opening of each branch pipe1,q2,…,qm-1,qmMaximum value, m3/h；
Q, header flow, m3/h。
Step 207: modifying the number of the open holes and updating the structural parameter sample of the header pipe
If the selected branch pipe open pore inner diameter which meets the actual conditions does not meet the maximum flow requirement of the branch pipe, modifying the open pore number, updating the main pipe structure parameter sample, and repeating the fluid resistance calculation method to obtain the updated main pipe structure parameter sample;
when the difference between the inner diameter of the opening calculated in step 202 and the inner diameter of the actually selected branch pipe opening is large, the maximum flow of the branch pipe can be reduced by increasing the number of the openings and slightly sacrificing the uniformity of water distribution. And modifying the number of the openings to obtain a new manifold structure parameter sample to replace the original first group of manifold structure parameter samples, and calculating the fluid resistance according to the step 202 to obtain a new branch pipe opening inner diameter.
Step 208: modifying the inner diameter of the header pipe and updating the sample of the structural parameters of the header pipe
And if the maximum flow condition of the branch pipe cannot be realized by modifying the number of the openings, modifying the length and the inner diameter of the main pipe, updating the main pipe structure parameter sample, and repeating the fluid resistance calculation method to obtain the updated main pipe structure parameter sample.
If the maximum flow rate obtained in step 207 cannot meet the design requirement, the length and the inner diameter of the main pipe are modified to obtain a new main pipe structure parameter sample to replace the original first group of main pipe structure parameter samples, and the fluid resistance is calculated according to step 202 to obtain a new branch pipe opening inner diameter.
Step 209: adjusting the branch pipe opening pattern to approach the calculated optimal value (namely completely meeting the requirement of water distribution uniformity index and obtaining the optimal header pipe structure parameter sample and the branch pipe opening inner diameter.)
The opening type of the branch pipe is adjusted by adjusting the structure type of the diffusion head, the optimal structural parameter sample of the main pipe and the opening inner diameter of the branch pipe are obtained through the steps 201 and 208, the samples are used as the optimization target of the opening type design of the branch pipe, and the local resistance coefficient is changed by adjusting the included angle between the main pipe and the branch pipe, the inner diameter of the diffusion head and the length of the diffusion head, so that the flow of the designed branch pipe approaches the optimal value obtained by calculation. The relationship between the structural characteristics and the local resistance coefficient can be obtained by an empirical formula or a table look-up. The flow rates of all the branches of the diffuser pipe manufactured by using the method of the present invention can be balanced.

Claims (10)

1. A flow balance diffuser design method, the diffuser includes the header, branch pipe and diffusion head, one side of the header is connected with a plurality of branch pipes, the end of each branch pipe has diffusion head, characterized by, the diffuser design method includes the following steps:
step 1: according to the flow balance index requirement, preliminarily determining a main pipe structure parameter value range of the diffusion pipe and selecting a group of main pipe structure parameter samples in the main pipe structure parameter value range;
step 2: aiming at the main pipe structure parameter sample, performing fluid resistance calculation to obtain a corresponding branch pipe open hole inner diameter;
and step 3: selecting the inner diameter of the branch pipe opening meeting the actual conditions;
and 4, step 4: checking an orifice flow coefficient according to a main pipe structure parameter sample and the branch pipe open pore inner diameter meeting actual conditions, and judging whether the orifice flow coefficient is in accordance with reality; if yes, go to step 6; if not, entering step 5;
and 5: modifying the orifice flow coefficient, and updating a manifold structure parameter sample; entering the step 2;
step 6: checking the maximum flow value condition of the branch pipe according to the structure parameter sample of the main pipe and the checked branch pipe open hole inner diameter which meets the actual condition, and judging whether the design requirement is met; if yes, go to step 9; if not, entering step 7;
and 7: modifying the number of the holes and updating a main pipe structure parameter sample; if the number of the openings is modified, the obtained maximum flow velocity can meet the design requirement, and the step 2 is carried out; if the number of the openings is modified, the obtained maximum flow velocity cannot meet the design requirement, and the step 8 is carried out;
and 8: modifying the length and the inner diameter of the header pipe, and updating a header pipe structure parameter sample; entering the step 2;
and step 9: obtaining an optimal main pipe structure parameter sample and the inner diameter of the opening of the branch pipe meeting actual conditions; adjusting the structural form of the diffusion head, and correcting the inner diameter of the opening of the branch pipe to enable the flow of the designed branch pipe to approach the optimal value obtained by calculation, so that the flow of all the branch pipes of the manufactured diffusion pipe is balanced;
wherein: the flow balance index comprises that on the premise of preset main pipe flow, the water distribution balance degree and the maximum flow of the branch pipe both meet the design requirement, and the water distribution balance degree is defined as the ratio of the maximum flow of the branch pipe to the minimum flow of the branch pipe; the maximum flow of the branch pipe is defined as the maximum value of the average flow of any branch pipe opening along the flow section of the branch pipe;
the main pipe structure parameters comprise main pipe length, main pipe roughness, main pipe inner diameter, main pipe wall thickness, opening quantity and opening flow coefficient.
2. A method of designing a flow balance diffuser pipe as set forth in claim 1, wherein said manifold length is arranged in accordance with the chamber, extending longitudinally through the entire chamber; selecting the roughness of the header pipe by considering brand new and used conditions; the open pore flow coefficient is supposed to be initially selected, and the value range of the open pore flow coefficient is 0.62-0.85 according to engineering experience.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the fluid resistance calculation in step 2 is performed by first satisfying the water distribution balance requirement and then checking the open pore flow coefficient and the maximum branch flow condition.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the fluid resistance calculation in step 2 is performed according to bernoulli's equation and continuity equation, and an empirical formula and a semi-empirical formula.
5. The design method of a flow balanced diffuser pipe as claimed in claim 4, wherein the inside diameter of the branch pipe openings is calculated as follows:
the maximum value of the pressure difference of the diffusion tube along the line meets the following conditions:
Figure FDA0003537696490000021
wherein:
Figure FDA0003537696490000022
coefficient of water distribution characteristics of the diffusion tube;
g, gravitational acceleration;
n, pipeline roughness;
l, total length of pipeline;
d, the inner diameter of the pipeline;
Δ Φ, maximum value of diffuser pressure difference along the line;
the opening ratio beta is the ratio of the total area of the orifices of the diffusion tube to the cross-sectional area of the main tube, and beta meets the following conditions:
Figure FDA0003537696490000023
wherein:
m, the number of openings;
d, the inner diameter of the opening of the branch pipe;
eta, water distribution balance degree index;
mu, the orifice flow coefficient is obtained by looking up a table according to the ratio of the branch pipe open hole inner diameter D and the pipe wall thickness delta;
the value range of the inner diameter value of the open hole can be obtained according to the formulas (1) and (2).
6. The method for designing a diffuser pipe with balanced flow rate according to claim 4, wherein the optimal manifold structure parameter sample and the inside diameter of the branch pipe opening satisfying the actual conditions in step 9 are obtained by modifying the number of the openings and modifying the manifold inside diameter by the method according to claim 4 until the water distribution uniformity index requirement is completely satisfied, and the optimal manifold structure parameter sample and the inside diameter of the branch pipe opening satisfying the actual conditions are obtained.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the step 9 of approximating the designed branch flow to the calculated optimal value is performed by adjusting the structural form of the diffuser head, including the angle between the main pipe and the branch pipe, the inner diameter of the diffuser head, and the length of the diffuser head, to optimize the flow distribution of the diffuser.
8. The design method of a flow balance diffuser pipe as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method of checking whether the maximum flow condition of the branch pipe in step 6 meets the design requirement is as follows:
checking the average flow velocity of the orifice according to the flow of the main pipe, the number of the open holes and the actual inner diameter of the open hole, and estimating by the formula (3) to obtain the maximum flow velocity v of the branch pipemaxWhether the design requirements are met:
Figure FDA0003537696490000031
wherein:
qmaxflow q at the opening of each branch pipe1,q2,…,qm-1,qmA maximum value;
d, the inner diameter of the opening of the branch pipe;
eta, water distribution balance degree index;
q, manifold flow.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the manifold and the branch pipes are made of a material that is easy to manufacture.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the diffuser head is designed to change local drag coefficients.
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