CN113296257A - Optical path cell for piezoelectric control of multiple reflection of light beam and control method - Google Patents
Optical path cell for piezoelectric control of multiple reflection of light beam and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113296257A CN113296257A CN202110528531.8A CN202110528531A CN113296257A CN 113296257 A CN113296257 A CN 113296257A CN 202110528531 A CN202110528531 A CN 202110528531A CN 113296257 A CN113296257 A CN 113296257A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
- G02B26/0816—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements
- G02B26/0833—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements the reflecting element being a micromechanical device, e.g. a MEMS mirror, DMD
- G02B26/0858—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements the reflecting element being a micromechanical device, e.g. a MEMS mirror, DMD the reflecting means being moved or deformed by piezoelectric means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
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- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
- G02B27/0977—Reflective elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical path cell for piezoelectric control of multiple reflection of light beams and a control method, and belongs to the field of optical detection. The device comprises two reflectors, an optical medium, a supporting device, a signal generator, a power supply and an optical detector; the reflecting surfaces of the two reflectors are oppositely arranged and fixed by a supporting device, and the optical medium is positioned between the two reflectors; the signal generator realizes the height adjustment of the supporting device by controlling the output of the power supply. The reflecting mirror is provided with small holes, a Gaussian beam emitter is arranged outside one small hole, and an optical detector is arranged outside the other small hole; the Gaussian beam emitter, the two small holes and the optical detector are positioned at the same height. The position of the reflector is changed by controlling the deformation of the piezoelectric ceramics, so that the reflection times of the light beams in the optical path pool are controlled; the method solves the problems that the complex amplitude change generated when the light beam passes through the optical medium once is small, and high-sensitivity detection is difficult to break through, and has the advantages of high response speed, small size, high sensitivity and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of optical detection, and particularly relates to an optical path cell for controlling multiple reflections of a light beam by piezoelectric and a control method.
Background
By increasing the acting distance of light and a sample, the change response of a transmission signal can be increased, so that the detection sensitivity is effectively improved, and multiple reflections are an effective way for realizing a long optical path. In the fields of scientific research, environmental protection, coal mine gas, monitoring and the like, a long-optical-path pool is needed, and the longer the action distance between a light beam and a substance is, the more obvious the complex amplitude change of the light beam is, and the more detection is facilitated.
At present, in many occasions of optical detection by using an optical path cell, a light beam often needs to pass through the optical path cell for multiple times to increase the acting distance between the light beam and a substance, so that the complex amplitude change of the light beam is increased. Under the existing conditions, the optical path cell capable of reflecting light beams for multiple times mainly comprises: a Herriott type optical path pool is provided with a plurality of devices improved on the basis of the Herriott type optical path pool, but the devices can only control reflection to be fixed times for certain incident beams, often need interaction substances with larger cross sections, are large in size, and can hardly meet conditions for small-cross-section-area optical media in scientific research and practical application.
The piezoelectric ceramic device has the characteristics of small size, good linearity, controllability and full curing. The piezoelectric ceramic device has extremely high response speed, can generate linear displacement and angular displacement to the device, has large driving force and can bear certain load. In addition, the existing invention has a piezoelectric ceramic device with displacement reaching 1mm magnitude order, and the piezoelectric ceramic device is a very effective choice for controlling the device.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an optical path cell for controlling multiple reflections of a light beam by piezoelectricity and a control method thereof, aiming at solving the problems that the existing optical path cell can only control the reflections to be fixed times and is difficult to be applied to an optical medium with a small cross section area.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
an optical path cell for piezoelectric control of multiple reflection of light beams comprises a first reflector, a second reflector, an optical medium, a supporting device, a signal generator, a power supply and an optical detector;
the first reflector and the second reflector are fixed by a supporting device, the reflecting surfaces of the two reflectors are oppositely arranged, and the optical medium is fixed between the first reflector and the second reflector; the signal generator realizes the height adjustment of the supporting device by controlling the output of the power supply;
the first reflector is provided with a first small hole, and one side of the non-reflecting surface of the first reflector is fixedly provided with a Gaussian beam emitter; a second small hole with the same aperture as the first small hole is formed in the second reflecting mirror, and an optical detector is fixed on one side of the non-reflecting surface of the second reflecting mirror; the Gaussian beam emitter, the first small hole, the second small hole and the optical detector are positioned at the same height.
Preferably, the optical path pool is in a left-right symmetrical structure.
Preferably, the aperture of the first small hole and the aperture of the second small hole are smaller than or equal to the diameter of the Gaussian beam emitted by the Gaussian beam emitter.
Preferably, the first reflector and the second reflector are plane mirrors.
Preferably, the first reflecting mirror and the second reflecting mirror are spherical mirrors, and the concave surfaces of the two spherical mirrors are opposite; the radius of curvature of the spherical mirror is consistent with the radius of curvature of the Gaussian beam wavefront.
Preferably, the first small hole and the second small hole are respectively positioned right above or right below the central reflection point of the first reflector and the second reflector, and the distance between the center of the small hole and the center of the reflector is 1-5 times of the aperture length of the small hole.
Preferably, the gaussian beam is predominantly transmissive within the optical medium and is capable of interacting directly with the optical medium or being acted upon by an externally applied physical field through the optical medium.
Preferably, the supporting device comprises an adjustable supporting frame, piezoelectric ceramics and a supporting platform; the lower surface of the piezoelectric ceramic is fixed on the adjustable support frame, and the upper surface of the piezoelectric ceramic is provided with a support platform for fixing the reflector.
Preferably, the first reflector and the second reflector are respectively and independently fixed by a supporting device, and the piezoelectric ceramics in the two supporting devices are connected with different output ends of the same power supply.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
first, the back and forth paths of the light beam are almost the same when the light beam is reflected in the cavity, and the size of the optical path cell is smaller.
And secondly, the deformation of the piezoelectric ceramic is controlled by using a signal generator, the response speed is high, and the reflection times of the light beams in the cavity can be effectively controlled.
And thirdly, the spherical (flat) surface reflector with a proper size is used, so that the axial length of the cavity is long, and the light spot of the light beam is not easy to change.
Firstly, the optical path pool structure provided by the invention ensures that light beams pass through the central reflection point of the mirror surface when being reflected in the cavity, the back-and-forth paths are almost the same, the space occupied by the light beams in the cavity is smaller, the size of the optical path pool provided by the invention is smaller, and the use occasion is wider.
And the response speed of the piezoelectric ceramic can be close to the order of magnitude of ns, so that the reflection times of the light beams in the cavity can be controlled by controlling the power supply output, and the response speed is much higher than that of a mechanical switch.
The invention can make the curvature radius equal to the curvature radius of Gaussian beam wavefront by setting the curvature radius of the spherical reflector, can prolong the axial length of the optical path pool without changing the size of the reflected light spot, and improves the sensitivity of the optical path pool.
The invention has the advantages of reasonable structure and ingenious design, has high response speed, allows the cross section area of the optical medium to be smaller, uses an electric signal for control and the like, and is suitable for the purpose of improving the optical detection sensitivity by the interaction of the light beam and the same substance for many times.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention (when the piezoelectric ceramic is not deformed);
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the piezoelectric ceramic of the present invention when deformed;
in the figure: 1-a first mirror, 1-1 a first aperture; 2-a second mirror, 2-1 a second aperture; 3-an optical medium; 4-an optical detector; 5-1 of an adjustable support frame, 5-2 of piezoelectric ceramics and 5-3 of a support platform; 6-signal generator, 7-power supply.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The optical path cell for piezoelectric control of multiple reflection of light beam includes optical path part and piezoelectric control part.
The optical path section includes at least: a spherical (flat) surface reflector with small holes on two surfaces, an optical medium and an optical detector; the spherical (flat) surface reflectors with small holes on two surfaces are symmetrically arranged in the system, the reflectors are selected to ensure that the size of light spots of light beams is not changed in the process of multiple reflections as much as possible, and the size of the small holes on the surfaces of the reflectors is matched with the size of the light spots; the optical medium is positioned in the middle of a spherical (flat) surface reflector with small holes on two sides; the optical detector is used for completing the reception of the light beam with the detection information.
The requirements of the optical medium are: the transmission of the light beam through the optical medium is dominant, and the light beam may directly interact with the optical medium, or an external physical field (such as an electric field, a magnetic field, etc.) may act on the light beam through the optical medium.
The detection principle is as follows: an optical medium is arranged in a cavity with a reflector, an external incident light beam passes through the optical medium one or more times in a reciprocating way, and the complex amplitude of the light beam changes in the one or more reciprocating processes, so that the light beam carries characteristic information containing an external signal.
The piezoelectric control portion includes at least: support device, signal generator and power.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the first reflector 1 and the second reflector 2 are fixed by a supporting device, the reflecting surfaces of the two reflectors are oppositely arranged, and the optical medium 3 is fixed between the first reflector 1 and the second reflector 2; the signal generator 6 realizes the height adjustment of the supporting device by controlling the output of the power supply 7;
a first small hole 1-1 is formed in the first reflector 1, and a Gaussian beam emitter (not shown in the figure) is fixedly mounted on one side of the non-reflecting surface of the first reflector 1; a second small hole 2-1 with the same aperture as the first small hole 1-1 is arranged on the second reflecting mirror 2, and a light beam detector is fixed on one side of the non-reflecting surface of the second reflecting mirror 2; the Gaussian beam emitter, the first small hole 1-1, the second small hole 2-1 and the beam detector are positioned at the same height.
The whole structure is in a bilateral symmetry structure.
In order to improve the utilization rate of light beams and avoid stray light from entering the small holes, the aperture of the first small hole 1-1 and the aperture of the second small hole 2-1 are smaller than or equal to the diameter of the Gaussian beam emitted by the Gaussian beam emitter, and are preferably equal to each other, so that the size of a reflected light spot is equal to the size of the small hole after the light beam is emitted into the cavity.
In this embodiment, the first reflecting mirror 1 and the second reflecting mirror 2 may be plane mirrors or spherical mirrors, and are selected according to actual situations.
The requirements for the mirrors are as follows: the distance between the mirrors is determined according to the size of the optical medium 3. In the Gaussian beam propagation process, different positions have different wave front curvature radiuses. When the curvature radius of the spherical mirror is close to that of the Gaussian beam wavefront at the position where the Gaussian beam is reflected, the Gaussian beam can be prevented from deforming, and the size of a light spot on the reflecting mirror is kept almost unchanged. For the situation that the optical medium is short and the two spherical mirrors are close to each other, the radius of curvature of the wavefront of the Gaussian beam is large at the moment, and the Gaussian beam can be regarded as a plane, and then the plane mirror can be selected. For the conditions of longer optical medium, longer reflector distance and higher sensitivity requirement, the spherical reflector is preferred, and the position of the center of the small hole is away from the center of the spherical surface by a certain distance (which can be up and down), which is approximately the length of the diameter of the light spot, so that the light spot can fall on the center of the spherical (flat) mirror in the working state.
In this embodiment, when the first reflecting mirror 1 and the second reflecting mirror 2 are spherical mirrors, the concave surfaces of the two spherical mirrors are opposite; the radius of curvature of the spherical mirror is consistent with the radius of curvature of the Gaussian beam wavefront. The first small hole 1-1 and the second small hole 2-1 are respectively positioned right above or right below the central reflection point of the first reflector 1 and the second reflector 2, and the distance between the center of the small hole and the center of the reflector is 1-5 times of the aperture length of the small hole. At the central reflection point of the two mirrors, the light beams can reciprocate under the same parallel light path and always keep parallel light.
In the embodiment, the supporting device comprises an adjustable supporting frame 5-1, piezoelectric ceramics 5-2 and a supporting platform 5-3; the lower surface of the piezoelectric ceramic is fixed on the adjustable support frame, and the upper surface of the piezoelectric ceramic is provided with a support platform for fixing the reflector. In order to facilitate control, the first reflector 1 and the second reflector 2 are respectively and independently fixed by one supporting device, and piezoelectric ceramics in the two supporting devices are connected with different output ends of the same power supply, so that the heights of the two supporting devices can be respectively adjusted during initialization, the small holes of the two reflectors are positioned at the same height, and the two supporting devices can be always kept at the same deformation in a working state, namely, the two small holes are always positioned at the same height, so that the light beams are controlled to be injected and emitted.
The working mode of the optical path pool is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, in the non-operating state, a light beam (generally, a gaussian light beam) enters from a first small hole 1-1, no voltage is applied to the piezoelectric ceramic at this time, and the light beam passes through a primary optical medium 3 and then directly exits from a second small hole 2-1 of another reflector.
As shown in fig. 2, in the working state, the signal generator transmits a high-frequency square wave signal to the power supply, and in each period, the piezoelectric ceramic is not deformed at a low level, so that the light beam enters the optical path cell through the first small hole 1-1; when the light beam is at a high level, the piezoelectric ceramic deforms to drive the supporting device and enable the two reflectors to ascend or descend by a certain height, the external light beam cannot pass through the first small hole 1-1, and the internal light beam reflects in the cavity and passes through the optical medium 3 for multiple times; when the level is low again, the light beam after multiple reflection exits from the second aperture 2-1 and is received by the optical detector 4. The reflection times of the light beams are determined by the response time, the cavity length, the square wave signal period time, the duty ratio and the like of the piezoelectric ceramics.
More specifically, the control method comprises the following steps:
1) initialization of an optical path pool:
adjusting the heights of the supporting devices below the first reflecting mirror 1 and the second reflecting mirror 2, so that a first small hole 1-1 on the first reflecting mirror 1, a second small hole 2-1 on the second reflecting mirror 2, the Gaussian beam emitter and the beam detector are positioned at the same height; the conditioning optical medium 3 is located on the axis of the aperture.
2) Starting a Gaussian beam emitter, wherein the Gaussian beam enters from a first small hole 1-1 in a first reflector 1, penetrates through an optical medium 3 and then exits from a second small hole 2-1 in a second reflector 2;
when the light beam detector detects the emergent light signal, the signal emitter is used for transmitting a square wave signal to the power supply:
when the square wave signal is at a low level, the piezoelectric ceramics in the two supporting devices are not deformed, so that the Gaussian beam can enter the optical path cell;
when the square wave signal is at high level, the piezoelectric ceramics in the two supporting devices are deformed identically to drive the first reflector 1 and the second reflector 2 to ascend or descend, so that the central reflection point on the first reflector 1, the central reflection point on the second reflector 2, the Gaussian beam emitter and the beam detector are positioned at the same height, new Gaussian beams are prevented from being emitted into the optical path pool from the first small hole 1-1 and the Gaussian beams in the optical path pool are prevented from being emitted out from the second small hole 2-1, the Gaussian beams go back and forth between the two reflectors and penetrate through the optical medium 3 for multiple times, and interacting with the optical medium until the square wave signal is at the next low level, resetting the piezoelectric ceramics in the two supporting devices, and emitting the Gaussian beam in the optical path cell from the second small hole 2-1 to be received by the beam detector.
The foregoing lists merely illustrate specific embodiments of the invention. It is obvious that the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but that many variations are possible. All modifications which can be derived or suggested by a person skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention are to be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The optical path cell for controlling multiple reflections of light beams through piezoelectricity is characterized by comprising a first reflecting mirror (1), a second reflecting mirror (2), an optical medium (3), a supporting device, a signal generator (6), a power supply (7) and an optical detector (4);
the first reflector (1) and the second reflector (2) are fixed by a supporting device, the reflecting surfaces of the two reflectors are oppositely arranged, and the optical medium (3) is fixed between the first reflector (1) and the second reflector (2); the signal generator realizes the height adjustment of the supporting device by controlling the output of the power supply;
a first small hole (1-1) is formed in the first reflector (1), and a Gaussian beam emitter is fixedly mounted on one side of a non-reflecting surface of the first reflector (1); a second small hole (2-1) with the same aperture as the first small hole (1-1) is formed in the second reflector (2), and an optical detector (4) is fixed on one side of the non-reflecting surface of the second reflector (2); the Gaussian beam emitter, the first small hole (1-1), the second small hole (2-1) and the optical detector (4) are positioned at the same height.
2. The piezoelectric controlled multiple beam reflection optical path cell of claim 1, wherein the optical path cell is a left-right symmetrical structure.
3. The piezo-electric optical path cell for multiple reflections of a light beam according to claim 1, wherein the first (1-1) and second (2-1) apertures have an aperture smaller than or equal to the diameter of a gaussian beam emitted by a gaussian beam emitter.
4. The piezo-electric optical path cell for multiple reflections of a light beam according to claim 1, wherein the first mirror (1) and the second mirror (2) are plane mirrors.
5. The piezoelectric optical path cell for controlling multiple reflections of a light beam according to claim 1, wherein the first reflecting mirror (1) and the second reflecting mirror (2) are spherical mirrors, and concave surfaces of the two spherical mirrors are opposite; the radius of curvature of the spherical mirror is consistent with the radius of curvature of the Gaussian beam wavefront.
6. The piezoelectric optical path cell for multiple reflections of a light beam according to claim 5, wherein the first aperture and the second aperture are located directly above or below the central reflection point of the first reflector and the second reflector, respectively, and the distance between the center of the aperture and the center of the reflector is 1-5 times the aperture length of the aperture.
7. The piezo-electric light beam multiple reflection optical path cell of claim 1, wherein the gaussian beam is predominantly transmissive in the optical medium, capable of interacting directly with the optical medium, or acted upon by an applied physical field through the optical medium.
8. The piezo-electric optical path cell for controlling multiple reflections of a light beam according to claim 1, wherein the supporting device comprises an adjustable supporting frame (5-1), a piezo-electric ceramic (5-2) and a supporting platform (5-3); the lower surface of the piezoelectric ceramic is fixed on the adjustable support frame, and the upper surface of the piezoelectric ceramic is provided with a support platform for fixing the reflector.
9. The piezo-electric optical path cell for multiple reflections of a light beam according to claim 8, wherein the first mirror (1) and the second mirror (2) are individually fixed by a support device, and the piezo-electric ceramics in the two support devices are connected to different output terminals of the same power supply.
10. A method for controlling an optical path cell according to claim 1 or 9, comprising the steps of:
1) initialization of an optical path pool:
adjusting the heights of the supporting devices below the first reflecting mirror (1) and the second reflecting mirror (2) to enable the first small hole (1-1) on the first reflecting mirror (1), the second small hole (2-1) on the second reflecting mirror (2), the Gaussian beam emitter and the optical detector (4) to be located at the same height; adjusting the optical medium (3) to be on the axis of the aperture;
2) starting a Gaussian beam emitter, wherein a Gaussian beam enters from a first small hole (1-1) in a first reflector (1), penetrates through an optical medium (3) and then exits from a second small hole (2-1) in a second reflector (2);
when the optical detector (4) detects the emergent optical signal, the signal emitter is used for transmitting a square wave signal to the power supply:
when the square wave signal is at a low level, the piezoelectric ceramics in the two supporting devices are not deformed, so that the Gaussian beam can enter the optical path cell;
when the square wave signal is at a high level, the piezoelectric ceramics in the two supporting devices are deformed identically to drive the first reflecting mirror (1) and the second reflecting mirror (2) to ascend or descend, so that a central reflecting point on the first reflecting mirror (1), a central reflecting point on the second reflecting mirror (2), the Gaussian beam emitter and the optical detector (4) are positioned at the same height to block new Gaussian beams from being emitted into the optical path cell from the first small hole (1-1) and prevent the Gaussian beams in the optical path cell from being emitted from the second small hole (2-1), so that the Gaussian beams go back and forth between the two reflecting mirrors and penetrate through the optical medium (3) for multiple times to interact with the optical medium until the square wave signal is at a next low level, the piezoelectric ceramics in the two supporting devices are reset, and the Gaussian beams in the optical path cell are emitted from the second small hole (2-1), is received by an optical detector (4).
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20120212739A1 (en) * | 2011-02-21 | 2012-08-23 | Uwm Research Foundation, Inc. | Variable path length photon trapping spectrometer |
| CN108151881A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-12 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Without guide rail fast and stable FTIR spectrum detection device and detection method |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20120212739A1 (en) * | 2011-02-21 | 2012-08-23 | Uwm Research Foundation, Inc. | Variable path length photon trapping spectrometer |
| CN108151881A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-12 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Without guide rail fast and stable FTIR spectrum detection device and detection method |
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