CN113295974B - Method for measuring transformer oil cavitation threshold based on ultrasonic transducer - Google Patents
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- CN113295974B CN113295974B CN202110548937.2A CN202110548937A CN113295974B CN 113295974 B CN113295974 B CN 113295974B CN 202110548937 A CN202110548937 A CN 202110548937A CN 113295974 B CN113295974 B CN 113295974B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1209—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing using acoustic measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1218—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing using optical methods; using charged particle, e.g. electron, beams or X-rays
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Abstract
The method comprises the steps of putting a transformer oil sample to be tested into a sample pool, and testing the state of a transformer, wherein the state of the transformer at least comprises the water content and the gas content of oil; the ultrasonic transducer generates pressure waves for the transformer oil sample, wherein the output power is adjusted from 0 at preset power intervals, the transducer works for preset time under each power, and meanwhile, the characteristic gas content of the oil sample of the sample cell is measured; when the content of the characteristic gas is increased, recording the power value at the moment, measuring the displacement of the ultrasonic transducer by using a single-point laser displacement sensor, and calculating a corresponding pressure change amplitude value based on the measured displacement, wherein the pressure change amplitude value is the cavitation threshold value of the transformer oil sample.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of transformer oil parameter detection, and particularly relates to a method for measuring a transformer oil cavitation threshold value based on an ultrasonic transducer.
Background
The oil-immersed power transformer is a core device in a power system, and the reliable operation of the oil-immersed power transformer is crucial to the safety and stability of the power system. Oil paper insulation is widely applied to insulation structures of transformers due to good insulation performance, but when bubbles appear in an oil paper insulation system, the insulation performance of the oil paper insulation system is seriously affected, partial discharge can be caused slightly, and breakdown of oil paper gaps can be caused seriously to further cause explosion of the transformers. Therefore, it is necessary to master the conditions for generating bubbles in the oil-paper insulation system, and further evaluate the running state of the transformer to ensure safe and reliable running of the transformer.
Two types of bubbles can be generated in an actual oil paper insulation system, one type of bubbles is thermal bubbles formed by evaporating water in paper due to temperature rise, the generation condition of the bubbles is an initial temperature, and a plurality of researches are carried out to obtain the initial temperature under different conditions; and the other is that the vibration causes the pressure in the oil to change periodically, when the local pressure is lower than the threshold value under the corresponding condition, cavitation bubbles are formed, and the threshold value is closely related to the state of the oil paper insulation and is called as a cavitation threshold value. However, at present, no method is available for obtaining the cavitation threshold of the transformer oil in different states, so how to determine the cavitation threshold of the transformer oil in different operating states to guide the state evaluation of the transformer becomes a problem to be solved urgently.
The above information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the invention and therefore it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known in this country to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for measuring the cavitation threshold of transformer oil based on an ultrasonic transducer. The method has the characteristics of simple operation, high accuracy, short period and the like, and solves the problem of determining the generation conditions of cavitation bubbles in the oil paper insulation system. The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme. A method for measuring the cavitation threshold of transformer oil based on ultrasonic transducer includes such steps as measuring the cavitation threshold of transformer oil,
putting a transformer oil sample to be tested into a sample pool, and determining the state of a transformer, wherein the state of the transformer at least comprises the water content and the gas content of oil;
the ultrasonic transducer generates pressure waves for the transformer oil sample, wherein the output power is adjusted from 0 at preset power intervals, the transducer works for preset time under each power, and meanwhile, the characteristic gas content of the oil sample of the sample cell is measured;
when the content of the characteristic gas is increased, recording the power value at the moment, measuring the displacement of the ultrasonic transducer by using a single-point laser displacement sensor, and calculating a corresponding pressure change amplitude value based on the measured displacement, wherein the pressure change amplitude value is the cavitation threshold value of the transformer oil sample.
In the method for determining the oil cavitation threshold of the transformer based on the ultrasonic transducer, the ultrasonic transducer is connected with a signal generator and a power amplifier, the signal generator outputs a high-frequency sinusoidal signal to the power amplifier, the power amplifier amplifies the signal, and the power of the ultrasonic transducer is controlled by controlling the output power of the power amplifier.
In the method for determining the transformer oil cavitation threshold based on the ultrasonic transducer, the single-point laser displacement sensor measures the displacement of the ultrasonic transducer under different powers.
In the method for measuring the cavitation threshold of the transformer oil based on the ultrasonic transducer, cavitation bubbles are generated in the transformer oil, the cavitation bubbles are broken to cause oil decomposition to generate characteristic gas, and the displacement of the ultrasonic transducer and the pressure conversion in the oil are simulated through CFD analysis to obtain the change amplitude of the pressure in the oil under different displacements of the ultrasonic transducer.
In the method for measuring the transformer oil cavitation threshold based on the ultrasonic transducer, the resonant frequency of the ultrasonic transducer is 25.6kHz, and the power regulation range is 0-10W.
In the method for measuring the cavitation threshold of the transformer oil based on the ultrasonic transducer, the preset power interval is 0.5W.
In the method for measuring the cavitation threshold of the transformer oil based on the ultrasonic transducer, the preset time is 10 minutes.
In the method for measuring the transformer oil cavitation threshold based on the ultrasonic transducer, the laser wavelength of the single-point laser displacement sensor is 632.8nm, the frequency range is DC-3 MHz, and the displacement resolution is 15 pm.
In the method for determining the transformer oil cavitation threshold based on the ultrasonic transducer, the CFD analysis unit is connected with the ultrasonic transducer so as to obtain the change amplitude of the pressure in the oil under different displacements of the ultrasonic transducer.
In the method for measuring the cavitation threshold of the transformer oil based on the ultrasonic transducer, the characteristic gas content of an oil sample in a sample pool is measured through an online oil chromatographic device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides a method for measuring a cavitation threshold value of a transformer oil sample, which can be used for measuring the cavitation threshold value of the transformer oil in different states. The threshold information of the transformer oil obtained by the method is helpful for judging whether cavitation bubbles are generated in the transformer oil paper insulation, and is beneficial for guiding the monitoring of the transformer insulation state.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits of the present invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. It is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort. Also, like parts are designated by like reference numerals throughout the drawings.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic layout diagram of a method for measuring cavitation threshold of transformer oil based on ultrasonic transducer; in the figure, 1 signal generator, 2 power amplifier, 3 ultrasonic transducer, 4 single point laser displacement sensor, 5 CFD analysis unit of transducer surface vibration, 6 obtained pressure amplitude value, 7 online oil chromatographic device and 8 sample cell.
The invention is further explained below with reference to the figures and examples.
Detailed Description
A specific embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to fig. 1. While specific embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
It should be noted that certain terms are used throughout the description and claims to refer to particular components. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, various names may be used to refer to a component. This specification and claims do not intend to distinguish between components that differ in name but not function. In the following description and in the claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to. The description which follows is a preferred embodiment of the invention, but is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention and not for the purpose of limiting the scope of the invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.
For the purpose of facilitating understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, the following description will be made by taking specific embodiments as examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the drawings are not to be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention.
For better understanding, as shown in fig. 1, a method for determining a cavitation threshold of transformer oil based on an ultrasonic transducer includes the following steps,
putting a transformer oil sample to be tested into a sample pool 8, and determining the state of a transformer, wherein the state of the transformer at least comprises the water content and the gas content of oil;
the ultrasonic transducer 3 generates pressure waves for the transformer oil sample, wherein the output power is adjusted from 0 at preset power intervals, the transducer works for preset time at each power, and meanwhile, the characteristic gas content of the oil sample in the sample cell 8 is measured;
when the content of the characteristic gas is increased, recording the power value at the moment, measuring the displacement of the ultrasonic transducer 3 by using the single-point laser displacement sensor 4, and calculating a corresponding pressure change amplitude value based on the measured displacement, wherein the pressure change amplitude value is the cavitation threshold value of the transformer oil sample.
In a preferred embodiment of the method for determining the transformer oil cavitation threshold based on the ultrasonic transducer, the ultrasonic transducer is connected with a signal generator 1 and a power amplifier 2, the signal generator 1 outputs a high-frequency sinusoidal signal to the power amplifier 2, the power amplifier 2 amplifies the signal, and the power of the ultrasonic transducer 3 is controlled by controlling the output power of the power amplifier 2.
In a preferred embodiment of the method for determining the transformer oil cavitation threshold based on the ultrasonic transducer, the single-point laser displacement sensor 4 measures the displacement of the ultrasonic transducer 3 under different powers.
In the preferred embodiment of the method for measuring the cavitation threshold of the transformer oil based on the ultrasonic transducer, cavitation bubbles are generated in the transformer oil, the oil is decomposed due to the collapse of the cavitation bubbles to generate characteristic gas, and the displacement of the ultrasonic transducer 3 and the pressure conversion in the oil are simulated through CFD analysis to obtain the change amplitude of the pressure in the oil under different displacements of the ultrasonic transducer 3.
In the preferable embodiment of the method for measuring the transformer oil cavitation threshold based on the ultrasonic transducer, the resonant frequency of the ultrasonic transducer 3 is 25.6kHz, and the power regulation range is 0-10W.
In a preferred embodiment of the method for determining the cavitation threshold of the transformer oil based on the ultrasonic transducer, the predetermined power interval is 0.5W.
In a preferred embodiment of the method for determining the cavitation threshold of the transformer oil based on the ultrasonic transducer, the predetermined time is 10 minutes.
In a preferred embodiment of the method for measuring the transformer oil cavitation threshold based on the ultrasonic transducer, the laser wavelength of the single-point laser displacement sensor 4 is 632.8nm, the frequency range is DC-3 MHz, and the displacement resolution is 15 pm.
In a preferred embodiment of the method for determining the cavitation threshold of the transformer oil based on the ultrasonic transducer, the CFD analysis unit 5 is connected to the ultrasonic transducer 3 to obtain the amplitude of the pressure change in the oil at different displacements of the ultrasonic transducer 3.
In the preferred embodiment of the method for measuring the cavitation threshold of the transformer oil based on the ultrasonic transducer, the characteristic gas content of the oil sample in the sample cell 8 is measured by the online oil chromatographic device 7.
In one embodiment, the method for measuring the cavitation threshold of the transformer oil based on the ultrasonic transducer comprises a transducer power control part, a sample pool 8 part with the transducer, a single-point laser displacement sensor 4 part, an online oil chromatographic analyzer part and a CFD analysis part for converting transducer displacement and pressure in oil. The transducer power control part comprises a signal generator 1 and a power amplifier 2, wherein the signal generator 1 outputs a high-frequency sinusoidal signal to the power amplifier 2, the power amplifier 2 amplifies the signal to drive the transducer, and the output power of the power amplifier 2 can control the power of the transducer; the sample cell 8 is internally provided with a transformer oil sample to be detected; the single-point laser displacement sensor 4 is used for measuring the displacement of different transducers under different powers; on-line oil chromatographic analysis mainly measures the change of characteristic gas content in an oil sample, and researches have demonstrated that once cavitation bubbles are generated in transformer oil, the high-temperature and high-pressure phenomenon of the cavitation bubbles during rupture can cause the oil to be decomposed to generate the characteristic gas; and the CFD analysis part of the transducer displacement and the oil pressure conversion obtains the change amplitude of the oil pressure under different displacements of the transducer in a simulation mode.
In one embodiment, a method comprises:
1) putting a transformer oil sample to be tested into the sample cell 8, determining the state of the transformer, and connecting a driving part of the transducer;
2) adjusting the output power of the power amplifier 2 from 0 at certain power intervals;
3) working the transducer for a certain time under each power, and simultaneously measuring the characteristic gas content of an oil sample in the sample cell 8 through an online oil chromatography;
4) when the content of the characteristic gas is increased, recording the power value at the moment, and measuring the displacement of the transducer by using a single-point laser displacement sensor 4;
5) substituting the measured displacement into the CFD analysis to obtain a corresponding pressure change amplitude;
6) the pressure amplitude is the cavitation threshold value of the transformer oil sample;
7) and (4) replacing the oil sample, and obtaining the cavitation threshold value of the corresponding oil sample by using the method.
According to the invention, the ultrasonic transducer 3 is mainly used for generating pressure waves in an oil sample so as to generate cavitation bubbles, the effect brought by the cavitation bubbles is utilized, namely, the content of characteristic gas in oil is increased, so that the power of the transducer at the beginning of the cavitation bubbles is obtained, corresponding displacement is obtained through laser displacement sensing, and the displacement is substituted into a CFD (computational fluid dynamics) model for simulating the vibration of the transducer, so that the amplitude of corresponding alternating pressure waves is obtained, namely, a corresponding cavitation threshold value is obtained. The preferred assay procedure is as follows: putting a transformer oil sample to be tested into a sample pool 8, determining the state of the transformer, mainly comprising the water content and the gas content of oil, and connecting a driving part of a transducer; adjusting the output power of the power amplifier 2 from 0 at certain power intervals; the transducer works for a certain time under each power, and the characteristic gas content of an oil sample in the sample pool 8 is measured through an online oil chromatography after the transducer works; when the content of the characteristic gas is increased, recording the power value at the moment, and measuring the displacement of the transducer by using a single-point laser displacement sensor 4; substituting the measured displacement into the established CFD model of the influence of the surface vibration of the transducer on the oil pressure change to obtain a corresponding alternating pressure change amplitude; the pressure amplitude is the cavitation threshold value of the transformer oil sample; and (4) replacing the oil sample, and obtaining the cavitation threshold value of the corresponding oil sample by using the method.
In a preferred example, the selected resonant frequency of the ultrasonic transducer 3 is 25.6kHz, the power adjustment range is 0-10W, the power interval is 0.5W for better determining the cavitation threshold, the vibration time at each power is 10 minutes for better determining the cavitation threshold and saving the experimental time, and the sample cell 88 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape, a length of 220mm, a width of 220mm and a height of 300mm for reducing the oil consumption for determination as much as possible.
In a preferred embodiment, to enable accurate measurement of transducer displacement, the parameters of the laser displacement sensor 44 are selected as follows: the laser wavelength is 632.8nm, the frequency range is DC-3 MHz, the displacement resolution is 15pm, the vibration displacement of the transducer is in the order of microns, and the measurement requirement is met.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and application fields, and the above-described embodiments are illustrative, instructive, and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art, having the benefit of this disclosure, may effect numerous modifications thereto without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for measuring the cavitation threshold of transformer oil based on ultrasonic transducer is characterized by comprising the following steps,
putting a transformer oil sample to be tested into a sample pool, and determining the state of a transformer, wherein the state of the transformer at least comprises the water content and the gas content of oil;
the ultrasonic transducer generates pressure waves for the transformer oil sample, wherein the output power is adjusted from 0 at preset power intervals, the transducer works for preset time under each power, and meanwhile, the characteristic gas content of the oil sample of the sample cell is measured;
when the content of the characteristic gas is increased, recording the power value at the moment, measuring the displacement of the ultrasonic transducer by using a single-point laser displacement sensor, and calculating a corresponding pressure change amplitude value based on the measured displacement, wherein the pressure change amplitude value is the cavitation threshold value of the transformer oil sample.
2. The method for detecting the cavitation threshold of the transformer oil based on the ultrasonic transducer as claimed in claim 1, wherein, preferably, the ultrasonic transducer is connected with a signal generator and a power amplifier, the signal generator outputs a high-frequency sinusoidal signal to the power amplifier, the power amplifier amplifies the signal, and the power of the ultrasonic transducer is controlled by controlling the output power of the power amplifier.
3. The ultrasonic transducer-based transformer oil cavitation threshold determination method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said single point laser displacement sensor measures displacement of the ultrasonic transducer at different powers.
4. The method for measuring the cavitation threshold of the transformer oil based on the ultrasonic transducer as claimed in claim 1, wherein cavitation bubbles are generated in the transformer oil, the collapse of the cavitation bubbles causes the oil to be decomposed to generate characteristic gas, and the displacement of the ultrasonic transducer and the pressure conversion in the oil are simulated through CFD analysis to obtain the variation amplitude of the pressure in the oil under different displacements of the ultrasonic transducer.
5. The method for measuring the cavitation threshold of the transformer oil based on the ultrasonic transducer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the resonant frequency of the ultrasonic transducer is 25.6kHz, and the power regulation range is 0-10W.
6. The ultrasonic transducer-based transformer oil cavitation threshold determination method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said predetermined power interval is 0.5W.
7. The ultrasonic transducer-based method for determining the transformer oil cavitation threshold of claim 1, wherein the predetermined time is 10 minutes.
8. The ultrasonic transducer-based method for determining the transformer oil cavitation threshold value as claimed in claim 7, wherein the laser wavelength of the single-point laser displacement sensor is 632.8nm, the frequency range is DC-3 MHz, and the displacement resolution is 15 pm.
9. The ultrasonic transducer-based method for determining the cavitation threshold of transformer oil according to claim 1, wherein a CFD analysis unit is connected to the ultrasonic transducer to determine the amplitude of the pressure change in the oil at different displacements of the ultrasonic transducer.
10. The ultrasonic transducer-based transformer oil cavitation threshold determination method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the characteristic gas content of the oil sample of the sample cell is determined via an online oil chromatography device.
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