CN113295849A - Method for determining ancient wind direction of continental lake basin through distribution pattern of deposition system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for determining the ancient wind direction of a continental lake basin through a distribution pattern of a deposition system, which comprises the following steps: (1) defining a region to be restored and a horizon; (2) determining and analyzing a deposition system of a region to be recovered; (3) summarizing the distribution rule of a deposition system and summarizing the combination of different positions; (4) and determining the ancient wind direction of the area to be recovered by using a sedimentology method. The invention mainly analyzes the stratum and the horizon, the sedimentary facies and the sedimentary subphase in the area to be restored; summarizing the deposition phase combination, dividing the deposition phase combination into different orientations, and summarizing main deposition phases in different orientations; and analyzing the hydrodynamic force and the energy level in different directions in the area based on the theory of sedimentology, thereby recovering the ancient wind direction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geological research, in particular to a method for determining the ancient wind direction of a continental lake basin through a distribution pattern of a deposition system.
Background
Global climate change is a hot spot in scientific research today. The method is used for recovering the change information of the paleo-climate and paleo-environment, and is the basis for researching the future climate and environment evolution. The third era of China, the sunken lake basin, for example: the Bohai Bay basin is similar to the Qinghai lake in terms of broken trap lake basin in geological structure or salt water-brackish water conditions in water environment. By the recent times, scholars at home and abroad propose to utilize a source-sink system as a research idea to carry out analysis on the surface sedimentation dynamic process. By taking the determination of the ancient wind direction of the Qinghai lake basin as an example, the research on the modern sediment system of the Qinghai lake can provide an example for the research on the sediment system of the ancient continental facies fractured trap basin, thereby being beneficial to researching the plane distribution rule of sand bodies in the eastern continental facies fractured trap basin of China and further guiding the oil-gas exploration of the eastern continental facies fractured trap basin of China. Currently, most foreign scholars, such as Moore, Anthony, Somme et al, use this research idea in modern oceans or ancient marine formations. Domestic scholars, such as Xuchanghui, forest pine, Wu winter and the like, also apply the research idea to ancient continental facies collapse lakes.
The first prior art is as follows: the Jiangxing and Zhang Yuan Fu (2019) provides a method and a device for predicting the sand bodies in the reservoirs based on wind fields, material sources and basin systems; wherein, the method comprises the following steps: acquiring geological data of a region to be predicted; the geological data at least comprises a plurality of types of rock core data, paleobiological data, logging data and seismic data; inputting geological data into a preset wind field, a preset material source and a preset basin system model, and generating beach dam sand body forming process data of a region to be predicted; wherein, the wind field, the object source and the basin system model at least comprise a plurality of ancient object source recovery tools, ancient wind power recovery tools, ancient wind direction recovery tools, ancient landform recovery tools and ancient water depth recovery tools; and according to the formation process data of the beach bar sand bodies, predicting the specific distribution positions of the beach bar sand bodies in the area to be predicted by adopting a geological method and a geophysical method. The first prior art has the following defects: the scheme is mainly used for beach bar sediment bodies and is not suitable for other sediment systems.
The second prior art is: jianshengxi et al (2015) provide an ancient wind measurement method and device based on a coastal sand dam thickness quantification method. The method comprises the following steps: determining the depth of the broken wave at the top of the coastal sand dam according to the pre-obtained base slope of the coastal sand dam and the original thickness of the coastal sand dam; determining the wave height of the broken waves according to the wave depth and a known fertile land curve; determining the effective wave height of the deep water area according to the wave height of the broken waves and the known wave statistical characteristics; calculating to obtain a wind pressure coefficient according to the ancient wind path and the effective wave height of the deep water area by combining a wave prediction formula of the water body of the limited wind area; and determining the ancient wind power and the ancient wind speed according to the wind pressure coefficient and a known relational expression of the wind pressure coefficient and the wind speed. According to the invention, the ancient wind power is determined according to the thickness of the coastal sand dam, and the ancient wind power can be recovered quantitatively more accurately.
The second prior art has the following defects: the research method is suitable for measuring the ancient wind power, and has little significance on the research of recovering the ancient wind power.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for determining the ancient wind direction of a continental lake basin through a deposition system distribution pattern.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method for determining the ancient wind direction of a continental lake basin through a distribution pattern of a deposition system, which comprises the following steps:
s1: defining a region to be restored and a horizon;
s2: determining and analyzing a deposition system of a region to be recovered;
s3: summarizing the distribution rule of a deposition system and summarizing the combination of different areas;
s4: and determining the ancient wind direction of the area to be recovered by using a sedimentology method.
Further, the step S1 includes the following sub-steps:
s11: investigation work and data collection of geological features of an area to be recovered;
s12: and (5) carrying out field investigation on the area to be recovered.
Further, the step S11 specifically includes: and (4) researching the geographic position of the region to be recovered, the geological background of the region, the structural development condition and the distribution characteristics of the stratum in the region.
Further, the step S2 is specifically: determining a sedimentary phase and a sedimentary subphase according to a phase mark appearing in the area to be restored, and describing the characteristics of the sedimentary phase and the subphase; the identification phase mark can be analyzed from the five aspects of lithology characteristics, structural marks, sedimentary structure marks, color marks and biological fossil marks.
Further, the lithology characteristics include color, composition, structure, formation, rock type, and combinations thereof of the rock; the structural mark comprises maturity, granularity, sorting degree, rounding degree and the shape of a rock mass section; the deposition structure mark comprises a layer structure and a shape structure, wherein the shape structure is divided into a parallel structure, a staggered structure, a block structure, a horizontal structure, a gradient layer structure, a deformation structure, an exposure structure and a filling structure; the color mark comprises whether the color of the sediment has oxidation colors such as red, yellow, brownish red and the like; the bio-fossil markers include plankton, plants and their residual sediments, debris, and the like.
Further, the step S3 is specifically: counting the distribution rule of the deposition in the area to be restored, and determining the rule of the deposition system after comprehensively analyzing the deposition system; synthesizing the literature data and the rule distribution characteristics of the area to be recovered to obtain deposition differentiation rules of the area to be recovered; the distribution rule of the deposition system is divided into different regions according to certain deposition combination.
Further, the step S3 includes the following sub-steps:
s31: establishing a two-dimensional coordinate system by taking the center of the area to be restored as an origin;
s32: dividing the image into eight areas according to natural directions;
s33: the dephasing and dephasing subphases determined in step S2 are converted into percentages in proportion in each orientation, and plotted in a two-dimensional coordinate system in the form of a pie;
s34: the deposition phase or deposition subphase with the higher specific gravity is taken as the dominant deposition phase or subphase of the orientation.
Further, the eight regions are north, northeast, east, southeast, south, southwest, west, and northwest regions, respectively.
Further, the step S4 is specifically: and analyzing the hydrodynamic high-energy band and the hydrodynamic low-energy band by using a sedimentology method, thereby obtaining the hydrodynamic energy levels of the sedimentary phases or the subphase in different directions in the region to be restored, determining the positions of the windward side and the leeward side of the basin, and obtaining the ancient wind direction of the region to be detected.
Compared with the related art, the method for determining the ancient wind direction of the continental lake basin through the distribution pattern of the deposition system has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the energy interrelation of the lakes and basins is known through hydrodynamic zonal characteristics, and the ancient wind direction of the continental lake basin is judged; ancient wind direction is one of the climatic factors and helps ancient climate to rebuild, enriches the research content of ancient climate, and the rebuilding of ancient wind direction is significant to exploring ancient wind fields, and the distribution of energy mineral products is important instruction meaning.
(2) According to the method, the ancient wind direction of the continental lake basin is determined through a deposition system, and mineral resources of the continental lake basin and oil-gas exploration of the continental lake basin can be searched through the rule of the deposition system; through recovering ancient wind direction, know ancient deposit mode, to lake edge deposit system, the ancient wind direction of continental facies lake basin is the directional high energy environment of low energy environment, utilizes ancient wind direction to differentiate the high energy environment, is a means of prediction beach dam oil gas reservoir, is favorable to the exploration of open-air oil gas.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for determining the ancient wind direction of a continental lake basin through a distribution pattern of a deposition system according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a view of a landscape of a lake of Qinghai and its surroundings;
FIG. 3 is a pie chart of different azimuthal dephasing and subphasing;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the dominant dephasing for different orientations.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The definition of keywords in this application is as follows:
deposition system: a set of three-dimensional deposition phase assemblies formed during the causal association of deposition environments and interconnected deposition events.
Fan delta: the alluvial fan provides a source of matter, primarily or completely submerged, wedge-shaped deposits.
Delta: the river flows into the estuary area of the basin of the sea (lake), the water flow diffusion flow speed is reduced due to the reduction of the gradient, and the carried silt is deposited on the estuary area to form a triangular deposited body which is close to the apex and faces the land.
Diffuse flow deposition: also called sheet flow sedimentation, mainly refers to the sediment composition of mat-shaped sand, powder sand and gravel deposited by braided river flow.
The meandering stream: the single river channel with the camber index larger than 1.5 has more stable river channel and the width-depth ratio smaller than 40. The river course has a gentle slope, stable flow, thin carried sediments, obvious lateral erosion and accumulation adding effects and development of the edge beach.
Braided river: multiple river channels are developed, and the river channels are branched and converged into a braided river. The river channel has shallow width and small camber, the width-depth ratio is more than 40, and the camber index is less than 1.5. The river slope is large, the carrying amount of sediments is large, the granules are coarse and unstable, and the development of the cardiac beach and the middle and upstream areas are more.
Braided river delta: the sand and gravel rich delta is formed from the plaited river front to the stagnant water body.
Plait river delta plain: the plain subphase consists of braided river channel and alluvial plain, and develops in a river-swamp. Low topography, large width-depth ratio of river channel, and deposited conglomerate and flat-plate-shaped sand body. The alluvial plain is formed by migration and swing of a braided river channel, has a wide range and is mainly deposited by gravel. The river swamp deposition can develop under the humid climate condition. The method has the advantages of brown mud rock, coal, gravel and sandstone which are mutually appeared, development, scouring and filling structure and parallel bedding.
Braided river delta front edge: the underwater diversion river channel, the estuary dam, the far sand dam, the mat-shaped sand and the sediment among the underwater diversion river channels are developed. The underwater extension granularity of the braided river is relatively fine; there are large scale staggered and parallel layering. The multiple river channels are stacked-positive rhythm, and the underwater diversion river channel is formed by main deposition of braided river delta. Developing light grey powder, fine sandstone with staggered and lenticular layers.
Front plait river delta: mainly adopts argillaceous deposition, and gravity flow deposition can be developed when the deposition is unstable. The developmental quality is pure, the dark shale has horizontal stratification, and the thin-layer siltstone is occasionally sandwiched for development.
The ancient wind direction of the continental lake basin is not determined by a deposition system in previous researches, and the ancient wind direction of the continental lake basin needs to be recovered in order to search mineral resources of the continental lake basin and explore oil and gas of the continental lake basin. The method starts with the distribution pattern of the deposition system in the region to be recovered, analyzes the rule of the distribution pattern of the deposition system in the region to be recovered, summarizes and summarizes the combination characteristics, and provides guiding significance for the analysis of the ancient atmospheric circulation.
As shown in FIG. 1, a method for determining the ancient wind direction of a continental lake basin through a sedimentary system distribution pattern comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: defining a region to be restored and a horizon, which specifically comprises: 1. investigation work and data collection of geological features of the area to be recovered: the regional geographical position, the regional geological background, the tectonic development condition and the regional stratum distribution characteristics of the region to be recovered are investigated; 2. and (5) carrying out field investigation on the area to be recovered.
Step two: determining and analyzing a deposition system of a region to be recovered; determining a sedimentary phase and a sedimentary subphase according to a phase mark appearing in the area to be restored, and describing the characteristics of the sedimentary phase and the subphase; the facies identification mark can be analyzed from the five aspects of lithology characteristics, structural marks, sedimentary structure marks, color marks and biological fossil marks.
Lithology characteristics include color, composition, structure, rock type, and combinations thereof of the rock; the structural marks comprise maturity, granularity, sorting degree, rounding degree, shape of a rock mass section and the like; the deposition structure mark comprises a layer structure and a shape structure, wherein the layer structure is divided into a parallel structure, a staggered structure, a block structure, a horizontal structure, a gradient layer structure, a deformation structure, an exposure structure and a filling structure; the color mark comprises whether the color of the sediment has oxidation colors such as red, yellow, brownish red and the like; the bio-fossil markers include plankton, plants and their residual sediments, debris, and the like.
Step three: the distribution rule of the deposition system is summarized and the combination of different positions is generalized. Counting deposition distribution rules of different positions, and determining a deposition system rule after comprehensively analyzing a deposition system; synthesizing the literature data and the rule distribution characteristics of the area to be recovered to obtain deposition differentiation rules of the area to be recovered; the distribution rule of the deposition system is combined and classified according to certain deposition.
The method comprises the following specific steps: 1. establishing a two-dimensional coordinate system by taking the center of the area to be restored as an origin; 2. the method is divided into eight areas according to natural orientation: north, northeast, east, southeast, south, southwest, west, and northwest; 3. converting the deposition phase and the deposition subphase determined in the step two into percentages according to the proportion of each direction, and drawing the percentages in a two-dimensional coordinate system in a circular cake form; 4. the deposition phase or deposition subphase with the higher specific gravity is taken as the dominant deposition phase or subphase of the orientation.
Step four: recovering the ancient wind direction of the area to be recovered; and analyzing the hydrodynamic high-energy band and the hydrodynamic low-energy band by using a sedimentology method, thereby obtaining the hydrodynamic energy levels of the sedimentary phases or the subphase in different directions in the region to be restored, determining the positions of the windward side and the leeward side of the basin, and obtaining the ancient wind direction of the region to be detected.
The invention mainly summarizes and analyzes the stratum, the horizon, the sedimentary facies and the sedimentary subphase in the area to be recovered; summarizing the deposition phase combination, dividing the deposition phase combination into different directions, and summarizing the dominant deposition phases in different directions; and analyzing hydrodynamic force and energy level in different directions in the area based on the theory of sedimentology, thereby recovering the ancient wind direction.
Examples
The blue sea lake and the peripheral region are taken as examples for explanation
The method comprises the following steps: determining the layer position of a region to be restored in the Qinghai lake region, and performing literature investigation work and data collection, wherein the literature investigation work comprises (1) performing investigation work on the geographical position, the geological background, the structural development condition and the stratum distribution characteristics of the Qinghai lake; (2) and (5) field investigation.
Step two: the sedimentary system around the Qinghai lake was determined and analyzed. Determining sedimentary facies and sedimentary subphases at the periphery of the Qinghai lake according to the facies marks, wherein river facies, delta, alluvial fan, fandelta, shore belts, aeolian dunes, beach dams and the like appear at the periphery of the Qinghai lake, and statistically describing the characteristics of the sedimentary facies and the subphases.
Determining a sedimentary phase and a sedimentary subphase at the periphery of the Qinghai lake:
1. volume punching fan:
sediment consisting of gravel and sand is found in a sand quarry under investigation near the Xinjiang county, and the gravel is rounded into a shape of secondary edge angle-secondary circle, so that the sorting property is poor; the groove-shaped staggered bedding and the plate-shaped staggered bedding are main deposition structures, the groove-shaped staggered bedding is concave in shape and is in scouring and erosion contact relation with the deposits of the side wings, the top gravel layer and the bottom gravel layer of the plate-shaped staggered bedding are arranged in parallel, the middle gravel layer and the top gravel layer are in an oblique crossing structure, and river channel deposition on the alluvial fan can be judged; the interior of the fan is frequently in staggered layer or parallel layer, and can be judged as the diffuse flow deposition of the alluvial fan; the muddy sediment mostly has oxidation colors such as red, yellow, brownish red and the like, has little organic matter content and hardly contains fossil; the same sedimentary structures developed in front of the mountain in general, Longbao Xiushan, Tububao and Daban mountains.
2. Fan delta:
the land source debris sediment of the just observed alluvial fan in the lake direction is thick, mainly comprises coarse sand and gravel-containing sand, has high mud content, poor sorting property and roundness and low maturity. The gravel layer has unobvious parallel layer or staggered layer, and can be judged to be the plain of the fan delta; the transition zone has a steep front phase, the traction flow structure is developed, and the large and medium staggered layer is the front edge of the delta. Similar sedimentary facies development was seen in the southeast side of the black horse river.
3. River control delta:
sandy sediments are found at the downstream of the Bukhah and at the iron Bo junction, become thin upwards and present a positive rhythm. The sand body has a lens-shaped section. The river course is nearly straight, has residual sediments such as mud, gravel, plant stems and the like, and can be judged as a diversion river course subphase of the delta plain; at the thinned and thinned part of the river channel towards two sides, silt and silt clay are found to develop in a horizontal texture and wave-shaped staggered layer, exposed cause structures such as rain marks, dry cracks and water flow wave mark development are visible, plant chips, plant stems, plant roots, hidden holes and the like exist, calcareous and carbonate tuberculous fossils exist, and the natural dike subphase of the delta plain can be judged; the deposition of dark organic matter mudstone, peat or lignite is found on the side close to the lake, and the thin-layer siltstone is often sandwiched, has uniform bedding and horizontal texture, has stone structures such as plant debris, carbon debris, plant roots, coccid, gastropods, siderite and the like, and can be judged as the marsh subphase of the delta plain.
The sand body formed by overlapping a plurality of layers of small rhythm sandstones on the front edge of the delta underwater is found, the section of the vertical flow direction is in a lens shape, the lateral direction is changed into fine-grained sediment, and the fine-grained sediment can be judged as the sub-phase of the underwater diversion river channel on the front edge of the delta; the extremely fine sand and silt are found at the thinning part of the river channel, plant fragments can be seen, the whole body is in a wavy layer formed by flowing water, and a complex staggered layer formed by the flowing water and the waves is locally generated, so that the underwater natural dike at the front edge of the delta can be judged; two triangular dams are arranged at the river mouth of the Bukhah river, sand and silt are arranged, sorted sediments appear, the side wings develop into mat-shaped sand, the mat-shaped sand develops into wedge-shaped staggered layering or S-shaped front-end texture and horizontal texture, the direction of the long axis of the plane is the same as the direction of the river, the cross section is in a lens shape, the fossil content is rare, and the river mouth dam can be judged as the front edge of a delta.
The dark gray silty clay is found on the side close to the Qinghai lake, is in horizontal texture and blocky stratification, has a biological disturbance structure and a potential cave, and can be judged as the front delta subphase.
In conclusion, it can be determined that the Bukhah Delta develops at the downstream of the Bukhah and at the iron Bubo province, and the similar sedimentary facies also develops in the southern part of the Salix psammophila at 4km above the Qinghai-Tibet railway.
4. River phase:
discovering the source of the Bukha river near the Armenibank mountain, wherein the water collecting section of river convergence between the mountains is the initial stage in the river forming process; the phenomenon also exists in other rivers and upstream of Qinghai lakes such as the Salix river, the Haergai river and the like, but the phenomenon is not obvious in the case of the Bu-Ha river; the lithology of river erosion is mostly granite, and the sediment is mainly gravel and contains less silt.
In the downstream direction of the Bukhah river, the river valley topography becomes wide, the river channel is wide and shallow, the bending degree is small, the width-depth ratio is small, the bending index is less than 1.5, most sediments are sand gravels, and the braided river has obvious characteristics. Braided river sediment can be seen at the upstream of the Hardgy river, and sediments mainly containing coarse grains are found at the upstream of the Hardgy river, most of which are gravels, have obvious scouring-filling structures and few imbricate structures; the transverse direction is in a lens shape and a mat shape; vertically at the very bottom of the river sediment. Can be judged as a riverbed subphase; the sediments at the centripetal position are mainly gravels, few mud is accumulated, the sorting is medium-poor, the rolling components are more, and large-scale plate-shaped staggered stratification is developed.
On the plane: the upstream sediment is thicker and suffers from erosion, and the downstream sediment is thinner; vertically upwards: no obvious fine grain sequence upwards; in the transverse direction: the single lens shape is formed by scouring and connecting a plurality of lenses to form sand-coated mud which can be judged as the subphase of the cardiac beach.
The Buhahe river near the Qinghai lake highway becomes a single river channel, the tortuosity reaches 1.6, and the Febo river still keeps the single curved river channel shape and is the characteristic of the meandering river. The main stream river channel has strong lateral erosion effect on river valleys on two sides, and sand and mud sediments are mostly arranged on the banks on two sides of the river bank. The river channel of the iron Bu river is narrow, the water depth is large, sediments are mainly made of sand and mud, and gravels are arranged at the bottom of the river channel. The two river sections of the south and the north of the Haerfahi are in an obvious L shape, and the bending degree is 1.5-1.7. The sediment at the curved river channel is mainly sand, the maturity is low, the sorting is moderate, and the jumping components are many; developing large and medium groove-shaped and plate-shaped staggered layering, and parallel layering; the upward granularity of the sediment becomes fine, and the bedding scale becomes small; the plate-shaped and lens-shaped structure is in a strip shape on a plane, the surface is not covered by vegetation, and the structure can be judged as a beach subphase.
5. Ancient shore phase:
the zone between the Ganzi river sand area of the east coast of the Qinghai lake and the Tunban is developed into a groove-shaped staggered bedding, a low-angle inclined bedding, a wavy bedding, a horizontal bedding and the like, and the zone has gravels and sandy sediments and can be judged as the ancient coast phase.
The sediment on the top of the front shore is mainly made of gravel sand, the surface layer is covered by wind-formed sand, the sediment contains a large amount of mica, the gravel is occasionally directionally arranged, the convex surface faces upwards, and the sediment is in a groove-shaped staggered layer arrangement, a parallel layer arrangement and a low-angle inclined layer arrangement, and can be judged as a front shore subphase.
The sediment in the wave-breaking zone is mainly pure coarse sand, and the particle size of the hollow groove is thinned. The deposition structure mainly comprises wave-forming sand texture layer structure and parallel layer structure; the coastal sand dam and the hollow groove are developed frequently, and the coastal sub-facies can be judged. The sediments in the transition zone are complex, the sediments are all from fine sand to gravel, the sediments are in a groove-shaped staggered layer and a low-angle inclined layer, and the sediments can also develop in the first Lang sword and the second Lang sword in the south mountain of Qinghai.
6. Beach and dam facies:
a row of large south-north dam bodies are arranged near the Erhai of the southeast bank of the Qinghai lake. 3 lithofacies, namely a massive gravelly sandstone phase, a massive gravelly sandstone phase and a graded gravelly sandstone phase, can be seen on the section and can be judged as a beach dam phase; the beach dam facies can be divided into 6 facies zones, namely a half-deep lake facies zone, an outer wave facies zone, a wave breaking facies zone, a flushing facies zone, a shore crossing facies zone and a lake drainage facies zone; similar dephasing and dephasing subphase are visible in the middle of southeast highway along the bank, Erlang Jian, south.
The sediment mainly comprises silt and mud and is in a horizontal stratification structure, a hilly staggered stratification structure and other sedimentation structures; the water body of the water body is deeper and is positioned below a normal wave base plane, and the normal waves can not affect the sediment at the bottom of the water.
The sediment is coarse sand in gravel, the gravel is mostly flat, the sediment is scattered in the sand when lying on the ground, the sediment separation is poor, the hydrodynamic force is not strong, and the sediment can be judged as an outer wave phase zone.
The sediment consists of fine gravel with good sorting performance, has no wave marks or bedding structure and is in blocky and compact packing. Can be judged as a wave-breaking phase zone, and the phase zone is a step which is obviously raised towards the lake side and inclines towards the lake.
The distribution of the sediment is obviously graded, the upward-inclined direction of the sediment is composed of tapered fine gravel and medium fine sand, the surface of the sediment is very flat and slightly inclined towards the lake, and the sediment can be judged as a washing phase zone; wherein the washing phase zone is a phase zone which is formed by breaking waves and spreading the washing flow to land, and the phase zone width is 40-80cm at most.
The sediment at the beach dam with higher uplift degree and developed lagoon is slightly thicker than the sediment of the normal beach dam, and the plate-shaped staggered layer or parallel layer which develops to incline to the land can be judged as the cross-shore phase zone; under storm wave conditions, lake water passes over the top of the beach dam, spreads on the top of the beach dam and toward the land side.
The mud sediment is mainly used, and the mud sediment is positioned on the land facing side of the beach dam in a closed or semi-closed shallow water area shielded by the beach dam and can be judged as a lagoon facies zone, the facies zone has weak wave action and is a low-energy environment.
7. Wind phase formation:
the lakeside wind forming deposition environment can be seen at the southwest edge of the Tuo Bao mountain, and the wind is taken as the main geological nutrient and the wind forming facies and can be divided into two sub-environments between a sand dune and a sand dune.
Most of dunes are small in scale, the plane form of the dune is crescent, two beast corners pointing to the downwind direction are arranged, and the windward slope (towards the east) is convex and gentle; the leeward slope (facing west) is a concave and steep slope, the granularity of the sand grains on the leeward slope is finer than that of the sand grains on the windward slope, and the leeward slope can be judged as a crescent sand dune; a single crescent dune is generally not large in height, rarely exceeding 10 m; all the wind directions indicated by the crescent-shaped sand dunes are blown to the lake on land.
In the central zone of the aeolian sand area, a crescent-shaped sand dune chain is developed; basically, no vegetation covers between crescent sand dunes in a Ganzi river sand area, and large-area sea buckthorn vegetation is often visible between crescent sand dunes in a Hudong sand area.
The sand dune has the advantages that the edge area of the sand area is close to one side of the foot and is provided with a plurality of edge surfaces, the base of the sand dune is gentle, the top end of the sand dune is very sharp, and an obvious ridge line is formed; the bottom of the sand hill is parallel layer, is in a conical shape in macroscopic form, has a sharp-cut hill top and a narrow ridge line, and can be judged as a pyramid sand hill.
Step three: taking the centers of the satellite pictures of the Qinghai lake and the periphery as the origin points to be used as a two-dimensional coordinate system; the deposition system of the Qinghai lake and the peripheral area thereof is divided into six areas, namely deposition systems of a north area, a northeast area, an east area, an southeast area, a south area, a northwest area, a west area and a southwest area according to natural orientations (north, northeast, east, southeast, south, southwest, west and northwest areas), and the subareas are shown in figure 2.
Summarizing the deposition phases appearing in the six areas into six deposition systems; the north area is a deposition system of a Datong mountain alluvial fan, a fan delta, a braided river and a meandering river; the northeast region is a deposition system of Hargey river, Ganzi river, ancient coast and delta; the east region is a Tunban-Daban mountain-alluvial fan, ancient bank and aeolian facies deposition system; the southeast region is a deposition system of Riyueshan-wild ox mountain-alluvial fan, beach dam and inverted river; the south area is a south mountain of Qinghai, alluvial fan, beach dam, fan delta and ancient shore phase deposition system; the northwest region is a buhah river delta deposition system. The proportions of the sedimented phases in the six zones are shown in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1. deposition phase combination and specific gravity of different regions
The proportion of the sedimentary facies and the sedimentary subphases in each direction is drawn in a coordinate system by a pie chart, as shown in figure 3;
the preponderant sedimentary phase in each orientation is the highest-gravity sedimentary phase and the subphase in that orientation, as shown in FIG. 4.
Step four:
according to the analysis in the third step, the northwest part of the Qinghai lake is a low-energy environment, because the delta phase is the main sedimentary phase and mainly constructively, the region where the aeolian phase is deposited is hardly seen, and therefore the northwest part can be deduced to be the leeward side; the south area is a higher energy area, because the high energy area has enough power to move sand particles near water further to the near bank, a large-area destructive delta is formed, and a large-area beach dam is formed at the position along the bank, so that the south area can be inferred to be the windward side; for the lake edge deposition system, the ancient wind direction of the Qinghai lake is from northwest to south, namely northwest wind, because the ancient wind direction is from the leeward side to the windward side.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by using the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for determining the ancient wind direction of a continental lake basin through a distribution pattern of a deposition system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: defining a region to be restored and a horizon;
s2: determining a deposition system and analyzing;
s3: summarizing the distribution rule of a deposition system and summarizing the combination of different positions;
s4: and determining the ancient wind direction of the recovery research area by using a sedimentology method.
2. The method for determining the ancient wind direction of the continental lake basin according to the sedimentary system distribution pattern as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S1 comprises the following sub-steps:
s11: investigation work and data collection of geological features of an area to be recovered;
s12: and carrying out field investigation on the area to be recovered.
3. The method for determining the ancient wind direction of the continental lake basin according to the sedimentary system distribution pattern as claimed in claim 2, wherein the step S11 specifically comprises: and (4) researching the geographic position of the region to be recovered, the geological background of the region, the structural development condition and the distribution characteristics of the stratum in the region.
4. The method for determining the ancient wind direction of the continental lake basin according to the sedimentary system distribution pattern as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S2 is specifically as follows: determining a sedimentary phase and a sedimentary subphase according to a phase mark appearing in the area to be restored, and describing the characteristics of the sedimentary phase and the subphase; the identification phase mark can be analyzed from the five aspects of lithology characteristics, structural marks, sedimentary structure marks, color marks and biological fossil marks.
5. The method for determining the ancient wind direction of the continental lake basin through the distribution pattern of the sedimentary system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the lithology characteristics comprise the color, composition, structure, constitution, rock type and combination thereof of the rock; the structural mark comprises maturity, granularity, sorting degree, rounding degree and the shape of a rock mass section; the deposition structure mark comprises a layer structure and a shape style, wherein the layer structure is divided into a parallel structure, a staggered structure, a block structure, a horizontal structure, a gradient layer structure, a deformation structure, an exposure structure and a filling structure; the color mark comprises whether the color of the sediment has oxidation colors such as red, yellow, brownish red and the like; the bio-fossil markers include plankton, plants and their residual sediments, debris, and the like.
6. The method for determining the ancient wind direction of the continental lake basin according to the sedimentary system distribution pattern as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S3 is specifically as follows: counting the distribution rule of the deposition in the area to be restored, and determining the rule of the deposition system after comprehensively analyzing the deposition system; synthesizing the literature data and the rule distribution characteristics of the area to be recovered to obtain deposition differentiation rules of the area to be recovered; the distribution rule of the deposition system is divided into different regions according to certain deposition combination.
7. The method for determining the ancient wind direction of the continental lake basin according to the sedimentary system distribution pattern as claimed in claim 6, wherein the step S3 comprises the following sub-steps:
s31: establishing a two-dimensional coordinate system by taking the center of the area to be restored as an origin;
s32: dividing the image into eight areas according to natural directions;
s33: converting the dephasing and dephasing subphases determined in step S2 into percentages according to the proportion in each orientation, and drawing the percentages in a two-dimensional coordinate system in a pie form;
s34: the deposition phase or deposition subphase with the higher specific gravity is taken as the dominant deposition phase or subphase of the orientation.
8. The method for determining the ancient wind direction of the continental lake basin according to the deposition system distribution pattern of claim 7, wherein the eight regions are north, northeast, east, southeast, south, southwest, west and northwest regions respectively.
9. The method for determining the ancient wind direction of the continental lake basin according to the sedimentary system distribution pattern as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S4 is specifically as follows: and analyzing and researching the hydrodynamic high-energy band and the hydrodynamic low-energy band by using a sedimentology method, thereby obtaining the hydrodynamic energy levels of the sedimentary phases or the subphase in different directions in the region to be restored, determining the positions of the windward side and the leeward side of the basin, and obtaining the ancient wind direction of the region to be detected.
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