CN113295764A - Energy conversion modeling method based on generalized magnetoelectric effect - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an energy conversion modeling method based on a generalized magnetoelectric effect, which specifically comprises the following steps: step 1, acquiring alternating current magnetic flux parameters generated by an alternating current magnetic field passing through the surface of a metal electrode; step 2, calculating induced electromotive force and induced eddy current generated on the surface of the metal electrode according to the alternating current magnetic field distribution and the alternating current magnetic flux parameters; step 3, acquiring action parameters of a direct-current magnetic field and an alternating-current magnetic field, calculating Lorentz force according to induced eddy current caused by induced electromotive force, and then calculating total torque applied to the sample; step 4, calculating an output voltage function of the magnetoelectric conversion system; and 5, establishing a magnetic-electric coupling model according to the system energy conversion function. The invention solves the problems that no complete calculation method exists in the magnetoelectric conversion quantitative calculation of the generalized magnetoelectric effect in the prior art, and the corresponding magnetic energy and the specific numerical value of the finally converted electric energy can not obtain detailed calculation results.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of magnetoelectric sensing, and relates to an energy conversion modeling method based on a generalized magnetoelectric effect.
Background
The rapid development of modern scientific and technological technology and artificial intelligence, the field of sensor technology has received great attention. The sensor can detect and process energy information and convert the energy information into signals compatible with a computer, and is particularly important for the development of various fields of modern science and technology. The magnetic sensing is widely applied to various fields such as smart power grids, geological exploration, natural disaster prediction, aerospace, biomedicine, military equipment and the like, and particularly has an extremely important position in the field of magnetic field detection.
However, the operating principle and the technical core of the magnetic sensor are based on the principle of the effect produced between various materials and physical quantities. In the development of the current magnetic field sensor, the magnetoelectric conversion method is mainly based on the hall effect, the faraday effect, the fluxgate sensing technology, the combination of the magnetostriction and the piezoelectric effect of the composite laminated structure material, the spontaneous magnetoelectric effect of the multiferroic material and the like. However, the sensors developed by the magnetoelectric conversion method based on the above effects have respective advantages and various disadvantages, and are mainly reflected in the aspects of high material cost, complex structure, low sensitivity, strong external interference and the like. At present, be connected to helmholtz coil through control signal generator and power amplifier, make it produce frequency adjustable alternating current magnetic field, the programme-controlled DC power supply of simultaneous control is connected to the electro-magnet, make it produce direct current magnetic field in the vertical direction, both all act on piezoelectric material PVDF film surface metal electrode coating simultaneously, and fixed material one end makes its suspension be on a parallel with helmholtz coil, the while is perpendicular to the electro-magnet, the lorentz force that the vortex current that utilizes the electrode surface to produce produced under direct current magnetic field's influence is acted on piezoelectric material, thereby utilize piezoelectric material's positive piezo-electric effect to produce electric charge, constitute complete magnetoelectric conversion system and realize simultaneously that the generalized magnetoelectric effect of magnetoelectric energy conversion receives each other's expert student's concern and research. However, at present, there is no complete calculation method for the magnetoelectric conversion quantitative calculation of the generalized magnetoelectric effect, and the corresponding magnetic energy and the specific value of the finally converted electric energy cannot obtain a detailed calculation result.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an energy conversion modeling method based on a generalized magnetoelectric effect, and solves the problems that a complete calculation method is not available for magnetoelectric conversion quantitative calculation of the generalized magnetoelectric effect in the prior art, and detailed calculation results cannot be obtained for corresponding magnetic energy and specific values of finally converted electric energy.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that an energy conversion modeling method based on the generalized magnetoelectric effect is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, acquiring alternating current magnetic flux parameters generated by an alternating current magnetic field passing through the surface of a metal electrode;
step 2, calculating induced electromotive force and induced eddy current generated on the surface of the metal electrode according to the alternating current magnetic field distribution and the alternating current magnetic flux parameters;
step 3, acquiring action parameters of a direct-current magnetic field and an alternating-current magnetic field, calculating Lorentz force according to induced eddy current caused by induced electromotive force, and then calculating total torque applied to the sample;
step 4, acquiring a piezoelectric voltage constant, a dielectric constant under constant stress and an elastic flexibility coefficient of the piezoelectric material, and calculating an output voltage function of the magnetoelectric conversion system according to charge conservation and mechanical balance parameters obtained by a piezoelectric domain;
and 5, establishing a magnetic-electric coupling model according to the system energy conversion function.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
step 1, when an alternating current magnetic field penetrates through the metal electrode layer, magnetic flux phi is generatedacExpressed as:
wherein S is the surface area of the metal electrode, mu0Is a metal electrodeMagnetic permeability of (c)acIs the intensity of the alternating magnetic field.
The induced electromotive force epsilon generated on the surface of the metal electrode is as follows:
wherein phi isacIs the magnetic flux in the metal electrode, omega 2 pi f is the angular velocity of change of the alternating magnetic field, f 1kHz is the resonance frequency of the magnetic field, HacIs the amplitude of the alternating magnetic field, t is the time of applying the alternating magnetic field;
the relationship between the induced electromotive force epsilon and the electric field E around the vortex current is:
in the formula, the current density J of the vortex current is σ E, E is an electric field around the vortex current, L is an annular circumference of the vortex current, L is the annular circumference of the vortex current, and σ is the conductivity of the metal electrode.
Induced eddy current i generated on the surface of the metal electrodeeddComprises the following steps:
wherein ieddEddy currents are induced to the surface of the metal electrode.
Lorentz force in step 3
The vector product is of the form:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is a vector infinitesimal of a current closed loop;
in voltage materials, the magnetic induction is assumed to be uniform, so the overall force on the closed loop is
Zero, the moment M experienced by each closed loop is:
wherein m is the area of the vortex ring, and the metal electrode coatings are positioned on two sides of the PVDF film sample, so that the total torque applied to the sample
MTOT＝2M。
The voltage function in step 4 is:
in the formula, E3For an external electric field applied to a sample of PVDF film material, D3Is the electric potential shift, T, of a PVDF film material sample3For applying stress, s, to a sample of PVDF film material3Strain generated by voltage action on a PVDF film material sample,
is the elastic flexibility coefficient, g, of a PVDF film material sample under constant electric displacement33Is the voltage constant of a PVDF film material sample,
the dielectric constant of a PVDF film material sample under constant stress;
under short circuit condition T3Substituting 0 into the equation can be:
thus, the magnetoelectric current I generated by the action of the Lorentz forceMEThe theoretical expression of (a) is:
wherein S is the total area of the surface metal electrodes, and the charge generated after Lorentz force is applied to the sample is Q, and the magnetoelectric voltage V isMEThe expression of (a) is:
wherein l is the length of the piezoelectric material sample to be tested, delta is the thickness of the piezoelectric material sample to be tested,
for testing the transverse piezoelectric coefficient, C, of a sample of piezoelectric materialzTo test the capacitance value of a sample of piezoelectric material.
The expression of the magneto-electric coupling model is:
wherein a is magnetoelectric voltage coefficient, VMEIs a magnetoelectric voltage.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the vortex current generated by the alternating magnetic field and the Lorentz force are directly coupled and modeled, so that the calculation accuracy and the integrity of a model system are realized, and the corresponding magnetic energy and the specific numerical value of the finally converted electric energy can obtain a detailed calculation result; the method can obtain the optimal magnetoelectric energy conversion condition, and can prepare a high-sensitivity magnetic field sensor with low power consumption, strong anti-interference capability and no need of an external excitation power supply within a specific external parameter range; the invention strengthens the magnetoelectric energy conversion efficiency, provides a calculation model for the energy conversion method without the magnetic phase and opens up a new path for researching the magnetoelectric energy sensing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an energy conversion modeling method based on generalized magnetoelectric effects according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a magnetoelectric coupling principle of a generalized magnetoelectric effect according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an energy conversion process based on a generalized magnetoelectric effect according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention relates to an energy conversion modeling method based on a generalized magnetoelectric effect, the flow of which is shown in figure 1 and is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, obtaining alternating magnetic flux generated by an alternating magnetic field passing through the surface of a metal electrode, wherein the magnetic flux phiacExpressed as:
wherein S is the surface area of the metal electrode, mu0Is the permeability of the metal electrode, hacIs the intensity of the alternating magnetic field;
step 2, calculating induced electromotive force and induced eddy current generated on the surface of the metal electrode according to the alternating current magnetic field distribution and the alternating current magnetic flux parameters;
the induced electromotive force epsilon generated on the surface of the metal electrode is as follows:
wherein phi isacIs the magnetic flux in the metal electrode, omega 2 pi f is the angular velocity of change of the alternating magnetic field, f 1kHz is the resonance frequency of the magnetic field, HacIs an alternating magnetic fieldAmplitude, t is the time of applying the alternating magnetic field;
the relationship between the induced electromotive force epsilon and the electric field E around the vortex current is:
in the formula, the current density J of the vortex current is σ E, E is an electric field around the vortex current, L is an annular circumference of the vortex current, L is the annular circumference of the vortex current, and σ is the conductivity of the metal electrode.
Induced eddy current i generated on the surface of the metal electrodeeddComprises the following steps:
wherein ieddEddy currents are induced to the surface of the metal electrode.
Step 3, acquiring action parameters of a direct-current magnetic field and an alternating-current magnetic field, calculating Lorentz force according to induced eddy current caused by induced electromotive force, and then calculating total torque applied to the sample; wherein the Lorentz force
The vector product is of the form:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is a vector infinitesimal of a current closed loop;
in voltage materials, the magnetic induction is assumed to be uniform, so the overall force on the closed loop is
Zero, the moment M experienced by each closed loop is:
wherein m is the area of the vortex ring, and the metal electrode coatings are positioned on two sides of the PVDF film sample, so that the total torque applied to the sample
MTOT＝2M；
Step 4, acquiring a piezoelectric voltage constant, a dielectric constant under constant stress and an elastic flexibility coefficient of the piezoelectric material, and calculating an output voltage function of the magnetoelectric conversion system according to charge conservation and mechanical balance parameters obtained by a piezoelectric domain; wherein the voltage function is:
in the formula, E3For an external electric field applied to a sample of PVDF film material, D3Is the electric potential shift, T, of a PVDF film material sample3For applying stress, s, to a sample of PVDF film material3Strain generated by voltage action on a PVDF film material sample,
is the elastic flexibility coefficient, g, of a PVDF film material sample under constant electric displacement33Is the voltage constant of a PVDF film material sample,
the dielectric constant of a PVDF film material sample under constant stress;
under short circuit condition T3Substituting 0 into the equation can be:
thus, the magnetoelectric current I generated by the action of the Lorentz forceMEThe theoretical expression of (a) is:
wherein S is the total area of the surface metal electrodes, and the charge generated after Lorentz force is applied to the sample is Q, and the magnetoelectric voltage V isMEThe expression of (a) is:
wherein l is the length of the piezoelectric material sample to be tested, delta is the thickness of the piezoelectric material sample to be tested,
for testing the transverse piezoelectric coefficient, C, of a sample of piezoelectric materialzFor measuring capacitance values of piezoelectric material samples
Step 5, establishing a magnetic-electric coupling model according to the system energy conversion function, wherein the expression of the magnetic-electric coupling model is as follows:
wherein a is magnetoelectric voltage coefficient, VMEIs a magnetoelectric voltage.
As shown in fig. 2, a schematic view of a magnetoelectric coupling principle of a generalized magnetoelectric effect provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown: under the action of an alternating current magnetic field, eddy currents are generated on the surface of the metal thin layer of the piezoelectric ceramic surface metal coating, and under the action of a direct current magnetic field in the vertical direction, Lorentz force action is generated in the eddy currents on the surface of the piezoelectric ceramic electrode, and mechanical vibration is generated in the thickness direction.
As shown in fig. 3, a schematic diagram of an energy conversion process based on a generalized magnetoelectric effect is provided in the embodiment of the present invention: under the action of an alternating current magnetic field, vortex current can be generated on the surface electrode of the piezoelectric material sample, a direct current magnetic field is applied in the vertical direction, Lorentz force acting on the surface of the piezoelectric material can be generated under the action of the direct current magnetic field, and mechanical vibration is generated along the thickness direction. Based on the electrostrictive effect of the piezoelectric material, mechanical energy is converted into an electrical signal, thereby generating an output voltage response.
Claims (6)
1. An energy conversion modeling method based on a generalized magnetoelectric effect is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, acquiring magnetic flux generated by an alternating current magnetic field passing through the surface of a metal electrode;
step 2, calculating induced electromotive force and induced eddy current generated on the surface of the metal electrode according to the alternating current magnetic field distribution and the alternating current magnetic flux parameters;
step 3, acquiring action parameters of a direct-current magnetic field and an alternating-current magnetic field, calculating Lorentz force according to induced eddy current caused by induced electromotive force, and then calculating total torque applied to the sample;
step 4, acquiring a piezoelectric voltage constant, a dielectric constant under constant stress and an elastic flexibility coefficient of the piezoelectric material, and calculating an output voltage function of the magnetoelectric conversion system according to charge conservation and mechanical balance parameters obtained by a piezoelectric domain;
and 5, establishing a magnetic-electric coupling model according to the system energy conversion function.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic flux φ generated when the AC magnetic field penetrates the metal electrode layer in step 1 is characterized byacExpressed as:
wherein S is the surface area of the metal electrode, mu0Is the permeability of the metal electrode, hacIs the intensity of the alternating magnetic field.
3. The generalized magnetoelectric effect-based energy conversion modeling method according to claim 2, wherein the induced electromotive force epsilon generated on the surface of the metal electrode is:
wherein phi isacIs the magnetic flux in the metal electrode, omega 2 pi f is the angular velocity of change of the alternating magnetic field, f 1kHz is the resonance frequency of the magnetic field, HacIs the amplitude of the alternating magnetic field, t is the time of applying the alternating magnetic field;
however, the relationship between the induced electromotive force ∈ and the electric field E around the vortex current is:
in the formula, the current density J of the vortex current is sigma E, E is an electric field around the vortex current, L is the annular perimeter of the vortex current, and sigma is the conductivity of the metal electrode;
induced eddy current i generated on the surface of the metal electrodeeddComprises the following steps:
wherein ieddEddy currents are induced to the surface of the metal electrode.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the Lorentz force in step 3 is based on the generalized magnetoelectric effect
The vector product is of the form:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is a vector infinitesimal of a current closed loop;
in voltage materials, the magnetic induction is assumed to be uniform, so the overall force on the closed loop is
Zero, the moment M experienced by each closed loop is:
wherein m is the area of the vortex ring, and the metal electrode coatings are positioned on two sides of the PVDF film sample, so that the total torque applied to the sample
MTOT＝2M。
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the voltage function in step 4 is:
in the formula, E3For an external electric field applied to a sample of PVDF film material, D3Is the electric potential shift, T, of a PVDF film material sample3For applying a stress, s, to a sample of PVDF film material3Strain generated by voltage action on a PVDF film material sample,
is the elastic flexibility coefficient, g, of a PVDF film material sample under constant electric displacement33Is the voltage constant of a PVDF film material sample,
the dielectric constant of a PVDF film material sample under constant stress;
under short circuit condition T3Substituting 0 into the equation can be:
thus, the magnetoelectric current I generated by the action of the Lorentz forceMEThe theoretical expression of (a) is:
wherein S is the total area of the surface metal electrodes, and the charge generated after Lorentz force is applied to the sample is Q, and the magnetoelectric voltage V isMEThe expression of (a) is:
wherein l is the length of the piezoelectric material sample to be tested, delta is the thickness of the piezoelectric material sample to be tested,
for testing the transverse piezoelectric coefficient, C, of a sample of piezoelectric materialzTo test the capacitance value of a sample of piezoelectric material.
6. The generalized magnetoelectric effect-based energy conversion modeling method according to claim 5, wherein the expression of the magneto-electric coupling model is as follows:
wherein a is magnetoelectric voltage coefficient, VMEIs a magnetoelectric voltage.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001001163A1 (en) * | 1999-06-29 | 2001-01-04 | Honeywell Inc. | Method and apparatus for sensing a magnetic field using a lorentz force and a piezoelectric effect |
| US6426621B1 (en) * | 1998-06-22 | 2002-07-30 | Honeywell Inc. | Method and apparatus for generating an output voltage by detecting magnetic field |
| CN106597329A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-04-26 | 华中科技大学 | Automatic magneto-electricity coefficient test system |
| CN110705006A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2020-01-17 | 北京航空航天大学 | Method for solving optimal additional magnetic field position type of plasma vortex driving device |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6426621B1 (en) * | 1998-06-22 | 2002-07-30 | Honeywell Inc. | Method and apparatus for generating an output voltage by detecting magnetic field |
| WO2001001163A1 (en) * | 1999-06-29 | 2001-01-04 | Honeywell Inc. | Method and apparatus for sensing a magnetic field using a lorentz force and a piezoelectric effect |
| CN106597329A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-04-26 | 华中科技大学 | Automatic magneto-electricity coefficient test system |
| CN110705006A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2020-01-17 | 北京航空航天大学 | Method for solving optimal additional magnetic field position type of plasma vortex driving device |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 万红, 沈仁发, 吴学忠: "对称磁电层合板磁电转换效应理论研究", 物理学报, no. 03, pages 1426 - 1430 * |
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