CN113293879B - Passive damping device capable of realizing self-adaptive control characteristic of complex damping - Google Patents
Passive damping device capable of realizing self-adaptive control characteristic of complex damping Download PDFInfo
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- CN113293879B CN113293879B CN202110715653.8A CN202110715653A CN113293879B CN 113293879 B CN113293879 B CN 113293879B CN 202110715653 A CN202110715653 A CN 202110715653A CN 113293879 B CN113293879 B CN 113293879B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
- E04B1/98—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against vibrations or shocks; against mechanical destruction, e.g. by air-raids
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
- E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of seismic reduction and isolation of buildings and bridges, and particularly discloses a passive damping device capable of realizing self-adaptive control characteristics of complex damping, which comprises an outer sleeve, a guide rod, a negative rigidity unit and a damping unit, wherein: the guide rod extends into the outer sleeve from one end of the outer sleeve and can reciprocate in the outer sleeve; the negative rigidity unit is connected with the guide rod and used for providing negative rigidity for the guide rod; the damping unit is arranged in the outer sleeve and comprises a piston with a hole and an oil chamber, wherein one side of the piston with the hole is connected with the tail end of the guide rod through a spring assembly, and the piston with the hole is arranged in the oil chamber and divides the oil chamber into two parts; the oil chamber is filled with viscous liquid, and when the piston with the hole moves in the oil chamber, the viscous liquid flows between the two parts of the oil chamber through the piston hole on the piston with the hole. According to the invention, through the negative stiffness device and the Maxwell damping model which are connected in parallel, the magnitude of the control force provided by the negative stiffness device is irrelevant to the excitation frequency, and the self-adaptive control characteristic of the complex damping can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of seismic reduction and isolation of buildings and bridges, and particularly relates to a passive damping device capable of realizing self-adaptive control characteristics of complex damping.
Background
In order to avoid the overlarge displacement of a seismic isolation layer generated by a base seismic isolation structure under the excitation of low-frequency seismic waves, traditional dampers (such as an oil damper, a metal yielding damper and the like) are usually required to be additionally arranged on the seismic isolation layer, however, under the excitation of high-frequency seismic waves, the overlarge damping force possibly generated by the overlarge traditional dampers can cause the damage of the connection of the dampers and (or) the increase of the response acceleration of an upper structure. In order to overcome the defect that the traditional vibration isolation system (a combination of a vibration isolation support and a traditional damper) has high sensitivity to excitation frequency, a novel high-performance vibration absorption device needs to be developed, and the technical requirements that the displacement of a base of a vibration isolation structure and the response acceleration of an upper structure can be comprehensively controlled under the excitation of strong vibration in different frequency ranges are met.
The conventional damping shock-absorbing device can be mainly classified into a velocity type and a displacement type, in which: the damping force provided by the velocity type damper is related to the velocity, and the damping force generated under the high-frequency seismic excitation is possibly overlarge; the displacement type damper mainly utilizes the yielding of materials to realize energy dissipation and shock absorption, but has the defects that the energy is not dissipated when the deformation is smaller than the yielding displacement, and the equivalent damping ratio of the displacement type damper is reduced along with the increase of the deformation when the deformation far exceeds the yielding displacement. Unlike conventional dampers, complex damping can provide a damping force whose amplitude is proportional to the displacement, independent of the excitation frequency. Research has shown that: the complex damping can selectively control the displacement of the shock insulation layer caused by the low-frequency component of the seismic waves, and meanwhile, excessive damping force is not generated under the excitation of the high-frequency seismic waves, so that the damage of the connection of the damper and the increase of the response acceleration of the upper structure can be avoided. This also means that: the complex damping has the performance characteristics of self-adapting to the excitation frequency change and comprehensively controlling the response of the seismic isolation structure under the extreme earthquake action. However, a physical shock absorbing device capable of realizing the adaptive control characteristic of the complex damping is still lacked at the present stage, which is a key technical problem that hinders the practical engineering application thereof.
The invention patent CN 105351419B discloses a plate-type centripetal friction damper with complex damping characteristics, which can provide damping force linearly changing with deformation amplitude and has a hysteresis curve with triangular characteristics. The invention discloses a double-pressure-spring cylinder centripetal variable friction damper with a complex damping characteristic in a Chinese invention patent CN 105604203B, which reduces the mutual connection among components in a plate type centripetal friction damper and further improves the energy consumption performance of the damper. The damping force provided by the two dampers is linearly changed along with the deformation amplitude, and the characteristic that the complex damping output amplitude is positively correlated with the deformation amplitude can be approximated. However, the above dampers are difficult to realize the adaptive control characteristic of complex damping, and studies indicate that the dampers may cause structural buffeting; in addition, the hysteresis curve of the damper is triangular, and the mechanical behavior is strong nonlinear, so that the design process is complex, the professional requirement on designers is high, and the difficulty of popularization and application in an actual engineering structure is relatively high.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks and needs of the prior art, the present invention provides a passive damping device capable of implementing adaptive control characteristics of complex damping, which aims to implement adaptive control characteristics of complex damping control force amplitude independent of excitation frequency by a simple structure.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a passive damping device capable of implementing adaptive control characteristics of complex damping, comprising an outer sleeve, a guide rod, a negative stiffness unit and a damping unit, wherein:
the guide rod extends into one end of the outer sleeve and can reciprocate in the outer sleeve; the negative stiffness unit is connected with the guide rod and is used for providing negative stiffness for the guide rod;
the damping unit is arranged in the outer sleeve and comprises a piston with a hole and an oil chamber, wherein one side of the piston with the hole is connected with the tail end of the guide rod through a spring assembly, and the piston with the hole is arranged in the oil chamber and divides the oil chamber into two parts; the oil chamber is filled with viscous liquid, and when the piston with the hole moves in the oil chamber, the viscous liquid flows between the two parts of the oil chamber through the piston hole on the piston with the hole.
It is further preferred that the negative stiffness unit is embedded in the outer sleeve, the negative stiffness unit being separated from the damping unit by a fixed inner spacer.
Preferably, the negative stiffness unit comprises an inner ring, a pre-pressing spring and an outer ring which are sequentially connected from inside to outside, wherein the inner ring is fixed on the guide rod in a nested manner, the outer ring is fixed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve, and the pre-pressing springs are distributed in a radial manner.
Preferably, a piston without holes is arranged inside the outer sleeve, and an oil chamber is formed between the piston without holes and the inner partition plate.
More preferably, the diameter of the piston hole is 2mm to 6mm.
As a further preference, the spring assembly comprises a plurality of independently arranged springs in series.
As a further preferred feature, the outer sleeve is externally provided with a temporary fixing peg for temporarily fixing the guide bar.
Preferably, the guide rod is provided with a sealing ring at the contact position with the outer sleeve and the inner partition plate.
As a further preference, the viscous liquid is a silicone oil or a mechanical oil.
Preferably, the guide rod and the end of the outer sleeve are provided with hinge holes, and the hinge holes are used for being hinged with an external structure.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention mainly has the following technical advantages:
1. the damping device designed by the invention has the advantages that the annular negative stiffness unit is connected with the Maxwell damping model in parallel, and the amplitude of the generated control force is irrelevant to the external excitation frequency, so that the rate-irrelevant output characteristic of the complex damping can be realized; the shock absorption device is applied to a shock insulation structure, and the self-adaptive control of the structure dynamic response under various excitation frequencies can be realized. Specifically, the control force provided by the damping device is irrelevant to the excitation frequency, and sufficient control force is provided under low-frequency excitation, so that the displacement of the substrate mainly excited by the low-frequency component of seismic oscillation can be effectively controlled; without generating excessive control forces under high frequency excitation, thereby avoiding an increase in the superstructure response acceleration. In other words, the invention can be adaptive to the change of the earthquake excitation frequency to comprehensively control the substrate displacement and the response acceleration of the upper structure of the earthquake-isolating structure, and has unique advantages in the aspect of comprehensively improving the earthquake-resisting performance of the engineering structure.
2. The annular negative stiffness device based on the pre-pressing spring is adopted and is embedded in the sleeve, so that the appearance of the existing damper (such as an oil damper) can be reserved, and the annular negative stiffness device has the advantages of high integration degree, small occupied space and convenience in popularization, installation and use; meanwhile, the design requirements of the negative stiffness with different sizes can be met by adjusting the prepressing force, the size parameters and the number of the prepressing springs.
3. The guide rod is connected with the piston through the plurality of springs in series, a Maxwell model can be physically realized by combining the rigidity action of the springs and the damping action of the viscous liquid, and the rigidity of the springs can be flexibly adjusted to meet the design requirements of different Maxwell relaxation frequencies; optimize the size of piston hole simultaneously, avoid the too little unable circulation of liquid of through-hole, the through-hole is through too big unable problem that produces sufficient viscous damping, further promotes damping device's suitability and stability of performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a passive damping device capable of implementing adaptive control of complex damping according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 isbase:Sub>A cross-sectional view taken along line A-A (vertical) of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B (vertical) of FIG. 1;
fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line C-C (vertical direction) in fig. 1.
The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein: 1-guide rod, 2-temporary fixing bolt, 3-outer sleeve, 4-sealing ring, 5-inner ring, 6-outer ring, 7-prepressing spring, 8-sealing ring, 9-inner partition plate, 10-first oil chamber, 11-series spring, 12-piston with hole, 13-piston hole, 14-second oil chamber, and 15-piston without hole.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The passive damping device capable of realizing the self-adaptive control characteristic of the complex damping provided by the embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1, comprises an outer sleeve 3, a guide rod 1, a negative stiffness unit and a damping unit, wherein:
the guide rod 1 extends into the outer sleeve 3 from one end of the outer sleeve 3, the guide rod 1 can reciprocate in the outer sleeve 3, and a sealing ring 4 is arranged at the contact position of the guide rod 1 and the outer sleeve 3; preferably, a temporary fixing bolt 2 is arranged outside the outer sleeve 3 and between the guide rod 1 and the outer sleeve 3, the temporary fixing bolt 2 is used for temporarily fixing the guide rod 1, relative dislocation between the guide rod and the outer sleeve in the installation and transportation process can be prevented, and the temporary fixing bolt can be removed after actual installation is finished; meanwhile, hinge holes are formed in the end portions of the guide rod 1 and the outer sleeve 3 and are used for being hinged with an external structure.
The negative stiffness unit is used for providing negative stiffness for the guide rod 1 and is embedded in the outer sleeve 3, and specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the negative stiffness unit comprises an inner ring 5, a pre-pressing spring 7 and an outer ring 6 which are sequentially connected from inside to outside, wherein the inner ring 5 is fixed on the guide rod 1 in an embedded manner, the outer ring 6 is fixed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve 3, and the inner ring 5 and the outer ring 6 are connected through a plurality of pre-pressing springs 7 which are distributed in a radial manner; when the guide rod 1 and the outer sleeve 3 move relatively, the inner ring 5 moves along with the guide rod 1, the outer ring 6 moves along with the outer sleeve 3, and the pre-pressing spring 7 provides negative stiffness to realize a negative stiffness effect.
The damping unit is arranged in the outer sleeve 3 and is separated from the negative stiffness unit by an inner partition 9 fixed in the middle of the outer sleeve 3. The damping unit comprises an oil chamber and a piston 12 with a hole, wherein the inner end part of the outer sleeve 3 is provided with a piston 15 without a hole, and the oil chamber is formed between the piston 15 without a hole and the inner partition plate 9; viscous liquid is filled in the oil chamber, and the viscous liquid can be made of materials such as silicone oil and mechanical oil according to actual needs; the top of the piston 12 with the hole is provided with a pipeline for the guide rod to slide, the guide rod 1 passes through the inner partition plate 9 and is sealed by the sealing ring 8, and then the guide rod is connected with the piston 12 with the hole through the spring assembly; the piston 12 with the hole is arranged in the oil chamber and divides the oil chamber into a first oil chamber 10 and a second oil chamber 14; the perforated piston 12 is provided with a plurality of piston holes 13 in the circumferential direction, and as shown in fig. 4, the diameter of the piston holes 13 is preferably 2mm to 6mm. When the guide rod 1 drives the piston 12 with the hole to move in the oil chamber, viscous liquid flows between the two parts of the oil chamber through the piston hole 13 to generate a viscous damping effect, and the piston 15 without the hole moves along with the viscous damping effect to play a role in buffering.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the spring assembly includes a plurality of series springs 11 that are independently arranged, the series springs 11 are used for providing a frequency modulation stiffness, and are connected in series with a perforated piston 12, and the series springs 11, the perforated piston 12, together with a first oil chamber 10 and a second oil chamber 14, as a whole, can implement a Maxwell mechanical unit; the acting force provided by the pre-pressing spring 7 and the acting force provided by the series spring 11 are superposed, the two parts are connected in parallel, and the formed resultant force acts on the guide rod 1, namely the control force provided by the damping device.
In addition, by optimally designing parameters such as the longitudinal section shape of the oil chamber, the size of the piston hole and the like, and adopting viscous liquid with stable performance, the performance stability of the damping device can be further improved. Of course, one alternative for implementing the present invention is to locate the embedded annular negative stiffness unit outside the sleeve, but compared to this alternative, the preferred embodiment of the present invention has the advantages of high integration degree, small occupied space, and convenient installation and use, and the present invention does not limit the number of the negative stiffness units and the springs, and can flexibly adjust the number according to the actual design requirements, for example, two identical annular negative stiffness units can be connected with the guide rod, so as to provide a larger negative stiffness (absolute value).
The passive damping device can be applied to an actual shock insulation structure to comprehensively improve the shock resistance of an engineering structure. The Maxwell unit of the device is designed to keep the relaxation frequency consistent with the actual design target frequency, and the design requirements of different Maxwell relaxation frequencies (corresponding to different actual design target frequencies) can be met by adjusting the parameters and the number of the series springs 11 in the figure 3. The rigidity (absolute value) of the negative rigidity unit can be designed according to the rigidity of the series spring 11, and the design requirements of the negative rigidity with different sizes can be met by adjusting the pre-pressure, the size parameters and the number of the pre-pressing springs 7. Through the design, the sine excitation hysteresis curve of the damping device is elliptical, the amplitude of the provided control force is irrelevant to the excitation frequency, and the self-adaptive control characteristic of the complex damping can be realized, so that the damping device is used for comprehensively controlling the substrate displacement and the upper structure response acceleration of a basic shock insulation structure.
The passive damping device capable of realizing the self-adaptive control characteristic of the complex damping can be applied to the strong shock response of a comprehensive control shock insulation structure and can also be used for controlling the dynamic response of long-period engineering structures such as super high-rise buildings, large-span bridges and the like under extreme excitation conditions such as strong shock, hurricane and the like.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, since various modifications, substitutions and improvements within the spirit and scope of the invention are possible and within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A passive damping device capable of realizing adaptive control characteristics of complex damping is characterized by comprising an outer sleeve (3), a guide rod (1), a negative stiffness unit and a damping unit, wherein:
the guide rod (1) extends into the outer sleeve (3) from one end, and the guide rod (1) can reciprocate in the outer sleeve (3); the negative stiffness unit is connected with the guide rod (1) and is used for providing negative stiffness for the guide rod (1); the negative stiffness unit is embedded in the outer sleeve (3) and is separated from the damping unit by a fixed inner partition plate (9);
the damping unit is connected with the negative stiffness unit in parallel; the damping unit is arranged in the outer sleeve (3) and comprises a piston (12) with a hole and an oil chamber, wherein one side of the piston (12) with the hole is connected with the tail end of the guide rod (1) through a spring assembly, and the piston (12) with the hole is arranged in the oil chamber and divides the oil chamber into two parts; the oil chamber is filled with viscous liquid, and when the piston (12) with the hole moves in the oil chamber, the viscous liquid flows between the two parts of the oil chamber through the piston hole (13) on the piston (12) with the hole.
2. The passive damping device capable of realizing adaptive control characteristics of multiple dampers according to claim 1, wherein the negative stiffness unit comprises an inner ring (5), a pre-compressed spring (7) and an outer ring (6) which are connected in sequence from inside to outside, wherein the inner ring (5) is fixed on the guide rod (1) in a nested manner, the outer ring (6) is fixed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve (3), and the pre-compressed springs (7) are multiple and distributed in a radial manner.
3. A passive damping device with adaptive control of complex damping according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer sleeve (3) is provided with a piston (15) without holes inside, and an oil chamber is formed between the piston (15) without holes and the inner partition (9).
4. The passive damping device with adaptive control of multiple damping according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the piston hole (13) is 2mm to 6mm.
5. The passive damping device with adaptive control of multiple dampers according to claim 1 wherein the spring assembly comprises a plurality of springs (11) in series arranged independently.
6. The passive damping device with adaptive control of complex damping according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer sleeve (3) is provided with a temporary fixing bolt (2) on the outside, and the temporary fixing bolt (2) is used for temporarily fixing the guide rod (1).
7. The passive damping device capable of realizing the adaptive control characteristic of the complex damping according to claim 1, characterized in that the contact positions of the guide rod (1) with the outer sleeve (3) and the inner partition plate (9) are provided with sealing rings.
8. The passive damping device capable of achieving adaptive control of multiple damping according to claim 1, wherein the viscous fluid is silicone oil or mechanical oil.
9. The passive damping device with adaptive control characteristics of complex damping according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the guide rod (1) and the outer sleeve (3) are provided with hinge holes at the ends, and the hinge holes are used for being hinged with an external structure.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110715653.8A CN113293879B (en) | 2021-06-28 | 2021-06-28 | Passive damping device capable of realizing self-adaptive control characteristic of complex damping |
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| CN202110715653.8A CN113293879B (en) | 2021-06-28 | 2021-06-28 | Passive damping device capable of realizing self-adaptive control characteristic of complex damping |
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| CN113293879A CN113293879A (en) | 2021-08-24 |
| CN113293879B true CN113293879B (en) | 2023-01-06 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US8196722B2 (en) * | 2005-10-31 | 2012-06-12 | Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha | Damper |
| CN104631322B (en) * | 2015-01-29 | 2016-08-31 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of passive spring-damper negative stiffness antivibrator of pulling cable damping |
| CN106836543B (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2023-03-14 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Series mechanism adjustable passive negative stiffness damper |
| CN109858069B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2023-06-23 | 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳飞机设计研究所 | Method for calculating vibration damping characteristics of bicontinuous composite material |
| CN209907646U (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2020-01-07 | 北京工业大学 | Negative-stiffness damping device |
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