CN113293286A - In-situ ore blending method - Google Patents
In-situ ore blending method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113293286A CN113293286A CN202110601258.7A CN202110601258A CN113293286A CN 113293286 A CN113293286 A CN 113293286A CN 202110601258 A CN202110601258 A CN 202110601258A CN 113293286 A CN113293286 A CN 113293286A
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- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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Abstract
The invention relates to an in-situ ore blending method, wherein a layer of low clay ore is directly built on a problematic ore heap layer in an ascending way, the material is hard, the solution distribution leaching is carried out in advance, the leaching rate is fastest in the early stage of the leaching of general new ore, valuable elements can be recovered as soon as possible, after the leaching rate and the leaching time reach target values, the clay contained in the ore is basically washed and deposited on the lower problematic ore heap layer, the leachable part of the ore is basically consumed, the residual gangue is stable in property, at the moment, an excavator or other mechanical equipment is used for mixing and blending the ore in situ or on site according to a certain process sequence, during the process, the upper low clay hard ore leaching residue and the lower problematic ore heap layer are required to be fully aired and mixed, the lower argillization leaching residue wraps the upper hard ore leaching residue to form agglomerates, the structure of the ore heap is stable, the internal pores are rich and uniformly distributed, the leaching solution is beneficial to fully contact with the ore and react, thereby improving the leaching effect and the leaching rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wet metallurgy, and particularly relates to an in-situ ore blending method which is used for eliminating poor percolation or dead heap and improving leaching rate, wherein the ore type is any ore type treated by a wet heap leaching process at the present stage, particularly high, medium and low-viscosity soil coexisting ores.
Background
Heap leaching technology is a key link of a hydrometallurgical process and is a main means for treating low-grade ores including copper. Current global access to more than one quarter of the finished copper is dependent on this technology. Heap leaching employs a mine car or a spreader to stack the ore in a yard with an impermeable layer, the heap height is usually 4-8 m, the leachate is conveyed to the heap face by a pump and a pipeline, percolates from the top of the heap to a bottom liquid collecting system through a heap face liquid distribution pipeline network and flows out of the heap, the leachate contacts the ore inside the heap and converts valuable elements therein from the form of the ore into the form of ions to be dissolved out, and then is conveyed to downstream processes to be processed until the final product is obtained. After leaching is finished, new ores can be re-stacked after unstacking, or new ores can be directly stacked layer by layer on the stacking surface to form a new layer, and then a new round of leaching is carried out, wherein the later mode in the industry is the main mode at present.
The leaching rate, namely the resource recovery rate is an important index in the heap leaching production process, and the stability of the geological structure of the ore heap is a key factor for the safety and environmental protection of the heap leaching field.
The premise of the leaching reaction is also the determining factor of the leaching effect, namely whether the solution can be fully contacted with the ore, and the uniformity of the solution distribution is determined by two aspects, namely whether the pressure and the flow of each liquid outlet point of the pile surface liquid distribution pipeline network are uniform or not, and whether the percolation performance in the ore pile is uniform or not. The liquid distribution effect of the pile surface pipe network is relatively easy to control, and the trend of the solution in the pile is difficult to judge and control, so that whether the percolation process of the solution is uniform or not is difficult to judge and control. In actual production, the following reasons have been found and identified which lead to poor or even drastic deterioration of the heap percolation uniformity:
generally, ores contain a certain amount of clay, the leaching process of the ore heap is accompanied by the washing of solution, so that the clay and fine particles are washed and deposited on a certain part, the percolation of the blocking solution is performed, so that effusion in the ore heap is formed, the argillization can occur in the leaching process of medium and high clay ores, so that the internal blockage of the ore heap is caused, and the dead heap is formed, namely, the solution cannot percolate to the bottom from the inside of the ore heap but flows out from the side surface or the edge of the ore heap, is not contacted with the internal ores, and has no leaching reaction;
the leaching process of the solution to the ore, namely the physical and chemical reaction processes such as the erosion, the dissolution and the weathering of the ore, and the gravity sedimentation of the ore heap and the continuous superposition of a new layer of ore heap, the internal pore structure of the ore heap is continuously changed, so that the percolation of the ore heap is deteriorated, and the leaching effect is influenced;
the clay has strong impermeability and strong adsorbability, the leaching solution flows to a clay alluvial area and cannot be continuously percolated, and valuable element ions of the leaching solution are adsorbed by the clay and are difficult to be washed out again, so that resource waste is caused.
In addition, the ore heap with a argillized ore layer exists, the geological structure of the whole ore heap is increasingly unstable along with the gradual rise of the ore heap, the technological links of mining, heap leaching and smelting of general low-grade mine projects are mutually adjacent to reduce the logistics cost, the collapse of the ore heap and the mud-rock flow are easily caused by factors such as mining area blasting, natural earthquake, precipitation and the like, and in addition, serious safety and environmental protection accidents are caused by harmful substances in the ore heap, and the prior case is given in the industry.
The current technology to solve the above problems generally includes three ways:
front end: the ore dressing link is added, ore blending of high-grade, medium-grade and low-clay ores is carried out, or ore washing of high-clay ores is carried out, and for low-grade ores, the mode is large in occupied area, large in ore treatment capacity, large in investment of related ore dressing places, equipment and devices, high in operation cost, large in environmental protection risk of ore washing tail discharge and high in harmless treatment cost. If only ore blending is adopted, the problems still occur in the middle and later stages of the heap leaching process, and the mined ores cannot be leached as soon as possible, so that the stability of the upstream and downstream of the production system is affected.
And (4) middle-end: no matter mine car piling or distributing machine piling, because particle size segregation phenomenon can lead to the ore heap percolation nature to have inherent defect, leach the internal percolation structure variation of middle term ore heap, influence leaching rate, the current common practice in the industry is turning over, namely with the help of mechanical action with the ore exchange position of ore heap upper portion and lower part in order to improve the percolation nature, but can not solve the ore heap argillization problem, in the short time after recovering the cloth liquid after turning over, ore heap percolation nature worsens rapidly, leaching effect also worsens thereupon.
A rear end: if the front end and the middle end can not solve the problem, two methods can be adopted at the rear end at present: the method has the advantages that firstly, pile abandoning, namely, the unit piles with dead piles or hidden geological structure hazards are sealed in advance, the layer is not lifted, and the unit piles are not used any more, although the method can prevent further loss, valuable elements in piled ores cannot be recovered, the area and the space occupied by the abandoned piles cannot be used, so that investment waste and resource recovery rate loss are caused, and the reasonable layout of a field general diagram is influenced; firstly, the heap is torn open, will die pile or serious seam of argillization removes from the yard, eliminates the influence of this layer to whole ore heap leaching performance and stability, and this kind of method can solve the problem by fundamentally, but ore is transported and the cost of transportation is very high, can produce new problem moreover, and the ore that tears down promptly needs new stockpiling place to need do innoxious and prevention of seepage processing, this can increase new investment cost and environmental protection risk undoubtedly, and the process of tearing open the heap is often consuming time very long, can influence normal production arrangement.
Therefore, at present, no simple, feasible, cost-effective technical method can solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an in-situ ore blending method, which aims to solve the technical problems that: aiming at argillization, poor percolation performance, low leaching efficiency and even dead ore stacking, the structural defect is eliminated, and the leaching rate and the resource recovery rate are improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an in-situ ore blending method which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, directly stacking a layer of low clay ore on the problematic ore pile layer to form a new ore pile, carrying out liquid distribution leaching, and stopping liquid distribution when the leaching rate and the leaching time reach target values;
s2, dividing the surface of the new layer of ore heap into a plurality of in-situ ore blending operation areas, excavating the upper layer of ore along the transverse direction of the ore heap, tedding the ore heap on the two sides of the ore blending operation areas, and completely exposing the lower layer of problematic ore heap; building an intermediate operation platform between the upper layer ore pile and the lower layer ore pile in the ore blending operation area;
s3, blending the problem ore pile at the lower layer and the low-clay ore mixed agglomerate at the upper layer on the intermediate operation platform;
s4, repeating the steps along the transverse direction of the ore pile to carry out ore blending until the whole operation area is finished;
s5, carrying out ore blending of the next operation area;
and S6, repeating the steps 2-5 until the whole unit completes in-situ ore blending.
Has the advantages that: according to the invention, the ore mixing and ore blending of medium, high and low viscosity ores are carried out in situ or on site in the leaching unit, the argillization problem is eliminated, the ore heap percolation property and the stability of a geological structure are optimized, the leaching effect is improved, meanwhile, the ore in a raw ore layer can be continuously leached, the resource recovery rate is improved, and good economic benefit and safe and environment-friendly benefit are obtained. Compared with the prior art, the process method designed by the invention does not need to invest in building ore distribution site facilities or unstacking tailing discharge landfill sites, does not need secondary transportation of stacking ore or unstacking leaching slag, does not need to cause the space loss of the stacking site and the waste of the stacked ore resources due to stacking abandonment, remarkably reduces the investment, operation and safe environmental protection cost in practice, and improves the economic benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention showing the upper ore layer exposed and the lower ore layer exposed in the working area;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an intermediate work platform constructed between double-deck mine piles;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of ore blending of a lower layer of argillized ore and an upper layer of low clay hard ore mixed agglomerate at an intermediate work platform;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of ore blending along the lateral direction of the heap until the entire operating area is completed;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of ore blending in the next work area;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of in-situ ore blending until the entire unit is complete.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, contents and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided.
The invention provides an in-situ ore blending method, which comprises the steps of stopping liquid and airing a muddy or dead unit pile with poor percolation property, ascending a new ore layer for piling, distributing liquid for leaching a new layer of ore, dissolving out most of leachable ore, washing clay to a lower layer of ore pile, stopping liquid and airing, carrying out transportation, mixed ore blending, ore pellet airing and backfilling on an upper layer of ore and a lower layer of ore in different areas according to the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of the ore pile, and obtaining a stable percolation structure and a geological structure with rich porosity, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
stopping liquid distribution of a problematic ore heap layer, removing a pipe, airing for 7-10 days, and filtering most of solution in the ore heap out of the ore heap;
selecting the steps: the pile-turning can be carried out on the pile layer of the problem ore, the percolation performance of the early-stage leaching process of the new pile of the rising layer is ensured, and whether pile-turning is carried out or not is determined according to the severity of the pile layer of the problem ore and the production arrangement;
thirdly, new mine rising layer stacking: piling the original problem pile layer directly by using low-clay hard ore;
leaching out the solution of the stacking pipe of the new layer ore;
stopping leaching after the leaching rate and leaching time of the new layer ore heap reach target values, dismantling the pipe, airing for 7-10 days, and filtering most solution in the ore heap out of the ore heap;
dividing the surface of the new layer of ore pile into a plurality of in-situ ore distribution operation areas according to the arm length and the excavating capacity of the excavator, excavating the upper layer of ore along the transverse direction of the ore pile, and tedding the ore pile on two sides of the ore distribution operation areas to completely expose the lower layer of problematic ore pile. According to the height of the ore pile, 2-3 intermediate operation platforms can be formed by the upper layer ore pile and the lower layer ore pile in the ore blending operation area;
the excavator is divided into a plurality of groups according to the operation space and is arranged on the top of the middle operation platform and the top of the upper layer ore pile, the excavator on the lower part excavates and lifts the ore of the lower layer argillized ore pile to the middle operation platform in a relay mode, the excavator on the upper part transports the upper layer low clay hard ore which is excavated to the middle operation platform, the excavator bucket and the argillized ore are mixed for ore blending, and the aggregate is sprayed and backfilled to the position which is excavated before the lower layer ore pile after being aired;
eighthly, repeating the step (c) by a plurality of groups of digging machines along the transverse direction of the ore pile to finish digging and airing the upper layer, digging the lower layer, distributing ores of the upper layer and backfilling after airing of the upper layer of the whole operation area;
ninthly, repeating the seventh step and the eighth step in each operation area until the upper and lower ores of the whole unit pile are dried, blended, agglomerated and backfilled, and finally finishing the appearance gradient of the ore pile;
airing the cell pile for 7-10 days after completing in-situ or in-situ ore blending to make residual leachate in the pile perform curing reaction with the ore;
and (3) installing a 11 pile face pipe network and recovering liquid distribution, and paying attention to the fact that the flow rates of the low flow rate, the medium flow rate and the high flow rate are sequentially increased when the mine pile is started, and the flow rate of each grade lasts for 24 hours, so that the infiltration performance of the internal structure of the mine pile cannot be affected by large water flow impact suddenly.
The nine unit piles are subjected to in-situ ore blending operation by adopting the method, the problem that the solution flows out from the side surface of the pile disappears, the average leaching rate of the lower layer pile before ore blending is only 50.33 percent, the lowest leaching rate is only 42.79 percent, the accumulated production time exceeds more than 200 percent of the normal leaching period, 3-4 times of unequal conventional pile turning is carried out, the pile still has no obvious improvement, the pile is in a dead pile state for a long time, the upper layer low clay hard ore builds the pile solution until the average leaching rate reaches 68.63 percent and is basically close to the end stage of leaching, then in-situ ore blending is carried out, the average leaching rate after in-situ ore blending of the upper layer pile and the lower layer pile is 61.64 percent, the average leaching rate of the upper layer pile and the lower layer pile is 67.39 percent and is improved by 5.75 percent after the solution is recovered until the leaching is finished and the layer is lifted. The total ore quantity of nine unit piles is 14,695,466 ten thousand tons, the average grade is 0.6791%, the metal content of raw ore is 99,793.28 tons, after in-situ ore blending and leaching are completed, the total amount of leached metal is 67,246.83 tons, compared with the method that before in-situ ore blending, the metal yield is increased by 5,734.07 tons, factors such as in-situ ore blending and downstream extraction electrodeposition cost are deducted, the profit is increased by over 3700 ten thousand dollars directly, and the economic benefit is obvious.
From practical results, the stable ore heap percolation structure can be reconstructed by adopting an in-situ ore blending method, the phenomenon of argillization and dead heap is eliminated, the resource recovery rate is improved to the maximum extent, the risk of collapse is reduced, obvious economic benefits and safety environmental protection benefits are obtained, and the method is comprehensively popularized and applied on site.
The invention directly lifts and piles a layer of low clay ore on the pile layer of the problem ore, the texture is hard, the liquid distribution leaching is carried out in advance, the leaching rate of the early stage of the leaching of general new ore is fastest, valuable elements can be recovered as soon as possible, after the leaching rate and the leaching time reach the target values, the clay contained in the ore is basically washed and deposited on the pile layer of the problem ore at the lower part, the leachable part of the mineral contained in the ore is basically consumed, the property of the residual gangue is stable, at the moment, a digging machine or other mechanical equipment is used for mixing and ore preparation in situ or on site according to a certain process sequence, during the process, the upper layer low clay hard ore leaching residue and the lower layer pile layer of the problem ore are required to be ensured to be fully aired and mixed, the lower layer argillization leaching residue wraps the upper layer hard ore leaching residue to form agglomerates, the pile structure is stable, the internal pores are rich and uniformly distributed, thereby being beneficial to the leaching liquid and the ore to fully contact and react, thereby improving the leaching effect and the leaching rate.
In the original ore blending process, the original upper-layer low-clay hard ore and the original lower-layer high-clay or argillized ore are fully mixed into the agglomerate, the former acts as an agglomerate ball core and an ore heap supporting framework, the latter acts as a filler, and through airing and agglomeration, a three-dimensional uniform and stable pore structure is formed inside the ore heap, so that the contact surface area of solution and ore is increased, the infiltration performance of the ore heap is improved, the structural stability of the whole ore heap address is improved, the leaching rate is improved, and the safety and environmental protection risks such as heap collapse are reduced.
The time node of in-situ ore blending is not directly mixed with new ore and a problem ore pile, is not necessarily the final stage of the leaching process, and an in-situ ore blending time window is determined in time according to the change of an actual leaching rate, generally the middle stage or the later stage of leaching, which is also one of the characteristics of the method.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An in-situ ore blending method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, directly stacking a layer of low clay ore on the problematic ore pile layer to form a new ore pile, carrying out liquid distribution leaching, and stopping liquid distribution when the leaching rate and the leaching time reach target values;
s2, dividing the surface of the new layer of ore heap into a plurality of in-situ ore blending operation areas, excavating the upper layer of ore along the transverse direction of the ore heap, tedding the ore heap on the two sides of the ore blending operation areas, and completely exposing the lower layer of problematic ore heap; building an intermediate operation platform between the upper layer ore pile and the lower layer ore pile in the ore blending operation area;
s3, blending the problem ore pile at the lower layer and the low-clay ore mixed agglomerate at the upper layer on the intermediate operation platform;
s4, repeating the steps along the transverse direction of the ore pile to carry out ore blending until the whole operation area is finished;
s5, carrying out ore blending of the next operation area;
and S6, repeating the steps 2-5 until the whole unit completes in-situ ore blending.
2. An in-situ ore blending method according to claim 1, wherein the problem ore deposit is argillized leaching slag.
3. An in-situ ore blending method according to claim 1, wherein before directly lifting and stacking a layer of low clay ore on the problem ore heap, the solution distribution of the problem ore heap is stopped, the pipe is removed, and the ore heap is aired for 7-10 days, so that most of the solution in the ore heap is filtered out of the ore heap.
4. An in-situ ore blending method according to claim 1, wherein whether to turn over the problematic ore deposit is determined according to the severity of the problematic ore deposit and the production schedule.
5. The in-situ ore blending method according to claim 1, wherein in S1, after stopping the solution, the tube is disassembled and air-cured for 7-10 days.
6. An in-situ ore blending method according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the upper and lower ore piles in the ore blending operation area can form 2-3 intermediate operation platforms according to the height of the ore piles.
7. An in-situ ore blending method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the excavators are divided into a plurality of groups according to the operation space and placed on the top of the middle operation platform and the upper layer of ore pile, the lower excavator excavates and lifts the lower layer of argillized ore pile ore to the middle operation platform in a relay manner, the upper excavator transports the upper layer of low-hardness clay ore excavated before to the middle operation platform, the excavator bucket and the argillized ore are mixed for ore blending, and the clay is thrown and backfilled to the position where the clay pile is excavated before airing the pellet ore.
8. An in-situ ore blending method according to claim 1, wherein after in-situ or in-situ ore blending is completed, the unit heap is aired for 7-10 days to allow the leachate remaining in the heap to undergo a slaking reaction with the ore.
9. An in-situ ore blending method according to claim 1, wherein the time node of in-situ ore blending is to determine the in-situ ore blending time window in time according to the change of the actual leaching rate.
10. An in-situ ore blending method according to claim 9, wherein the time node of in-situ ore blending is the middle or late stage of leaching.
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