CN113293191A - Gfp转染肿瘤细胞的方法在检测肿瘤相关巨噬细胞吞噬功能中的应用 - Google Patents

Gfp转染肿瘤细胞的方法在检测肿瘤相关巨噬细胞吞噬功能中的应用 Download PDF

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CN113293191A
CN113293191A CN202110592276.3A CN202110592276A CN113293191A CN 113293191 A CN113293191 A CN 113293191A CN 202110592276 A CN202110592276 A CN 202110592276A CN 113293191 A CN113293191 A CN 113293191A
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tumor
gfp
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macrophages
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宋坤
李程程
彭瑾
姚舒
张溪
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Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
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Abstract

本发明属于免疫细胞治疗技术领域，具体涉及一种GFP转染肿瘤细胞的方法在检测肿瘤相关巨噬细胞吞噬功能中的应用。所述应用包括但不限于：(1)体外筛选药物制剂；(2)体外筛选吞噬细胞。本发明利用绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)稳定转染肿瘤细胞，然后筛选高表达GFP的肿瘤细胞进行荷瘤实验，实验结束后提取的TAM无需体外刺激培养，可直接上机检测吞噬功能，为探究肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的免疫抑制机制提供了一种新的解决方案。

Description

GFP转染肿瘤细胞的方法在检测肿瘤相关巨噬细胞吞噬功能 中的应用
技术领域
本发明属于免疫细胞治疗技术领域，具体涉及一种GFP转染肿瘤细胞的方法在检测肿瘤相关巨噬细胞吞噬功能中的应用。
背景技术
公开该背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在增加对本发明的总体背景的理解，而不必然被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已经成为本领域一般技术人员所公知的现有技术。
恶性肿瘤具有极大危害性，对其发生发展机制的研究一直是人们关注的重点。已有的研究认为在肿瘤局部微环境中，多数浸润的免疫细胞发生了表型和功能的改变，介导了促肿瘤的效应。越来越多的证据表明：肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(TAM)在长期肿瘤微环境下，逐渐形成了独特的表型，同时功能上也发生了显著的改变。目前认为，巨噬细胞根据活化状态和发挥的功能主要可分为M1型，即经典活化的巨噬细胞(Classically activatedmacrophage)和M2型，即替代性活化的巨噬细胞(Alternatively activated macrophage)。M1型巨噬细胞可通过直接或分泌多种促炎性细胞因子杀伤病原体和肿瘤细胞；而由IL-4、IL-13、糖皮质激素、TGF-β和前列腺素E2(Prostaglandin E2，PGE2)等诱导产生的M2型巨噬细胞，表现为较低的抗原提呈能力，并可通过分泌抑制性细胞因子下调免疫应答。
吞噬是针对细菌·真菌等微生物的进入而最早启动的重要生物体防御机制之一。吞噬经过吞噬细胞引起的异物的识别、异物的摄入、吞噬体的形成、吞噬体内的异物消化、消化后的物质的吸收或排出这样连续的阶段。吞噬不仅针对细菌·真菌等外来异物而发生，也与炎症部位的自身组织残渣或代谢的自身细胞之类来自自身的无用物质的除去有关。吞噬细胞不只是将吞噬的物质在细胞内消化，有时也随着吞噬，将活性氧或蛋白质分解酶释放到细胞外。由此能够在局部有效地杀菌或组织消化，另一方面，有时自身组织也会被过度的吞噬反应破坏。例如在类风湿性关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis：RA)的病变部确认了过度吞噬自身免疫复合体的细胞(RA细胞)，已知由RA细胞释放出的蛋白质分解酶破坏组织，参与关节炎的进行。
目前对于体内TAM吞噬功能的检测目前集中的方法是提取肿瘤部位TAM，利用PKH67染料体外验证其吞噬功能。发明人发现，该方法存在如下问题：
(1)提取TAM后需要短暂的体外培养，各种刺激因子可能改变TAM本身的状态，不能代表实时巨噬细胞的功能。
(2)PKH67染料稳定性差，荧光激发的条件下会随时间衰减。
(3)操作复杂，成本较高。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术的不足，本发明提供一种GFP转染肿瘤细胞的方法在检测肿瘤相关巨噬细胞吞噬功能中的应用。本发明利用绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)稳定转染肿瘤细胞，然后筛选高表达GFP的肿瘤细胞进行荷瘤实验，实验结束后提取的TAM无需体外刺激培养，可直接上机检测吞噬功能，为探究肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的免疫抑制机制提供了一种新的解决方案。
为了实现上述目的，本发明第一方面提供一种GFP转染肿瘤细胞的方法在检测肿瘤相关巨噬细胞吞噬功能中的应用；
所述应用包括但不限于：
(1)体外筛选药物制剂；
(2)体外筛选吞噬细胞。
本发明第二方面提供一种检测肿瘤相关巨噬细胞吞噬功能的方法，具体为：利用绿色荧光蛋白GFP稳定转染肿瘤细胞，筛选高表达GFP的肿瘤细胞进行荷瘤实验，实验结束后提取肿瘤相关巨噬细胞直接上机检测。
所述方法具体包括：
工序一：培养肿瘤细胞系，稳定转染GFP，并筛选出具有GFP过表达肿瘤细胞系；
工序二：进行小鼠荷瘤实验，并进行抗肿瘤治疗；
工序三：分离小鼠肿瘤组织，提取肿瘤组织细胞；
工序四：采用流式细胞术上机检测巨噬细胞吞噬功能。
本发明的一个或多个实施方式至少具有以下有益效果：
1)本发明提取的TAM无需体外刺激及培养，可直接进行吞噬功能的检测，能够保持体内吞噬状态，所获得的数据能够代表实时巨噬细胞的功能，结果可靠。
2)本发明采用GFP转染，稳定性较好，体内成瘤也可保持长时间的荧光激发条件下不会随时间衰减，荧光不淬灭。
3)本发明操作简便，节省时间，成本较低。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
图1为绿色荧光激发前(A)后(B)的转染GFP肿瘤细胞系在荧光显微镜下的照片；
图2为流式细胞术检测GFP转染效率数据图；
图3为非GFP转染(A)与GFP转染(B)小鼠体内成瘤对比及小动物活体成像；
图4为流式细胞术检测巨噬细胞吞噬功能分析图。
具体实施方式
应该指出，以下详细说明都是示例性的，旨在对本发明提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本发明的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
正如背景技术所介绍的，现有技术中，检测巨噬细胞吞噬功能的方法一般是先提取肿瘤部位肿瘤相关巨噬细胞TAM，然后再利用染料(如PKH67)对吞噬细胞进行染色标记，共同进行体外培养，然后体外验证其吞噬功能。
该方法目前所存在的问题如下：
一方面，提取TAM后需要短暂的体外培养，培养过程中需要加入刺激因子(如粒细胞因子)进行促进扩增和诱导，有利于巨噬细胞的分化、成熟，然而，各种刺激因子可能改变TAM本身的状态，使得测得的吞噬效果不能代表实时巨噬细胞的功能。而且，体外培养TAM的过程需要提供适宜的培养环境和刺激因子，不仅提高了检测成本，还使整个操作过程更为复杂。
另一方面，染料的稳定性较差，荧光激发的条件下会随时间衰减，这就会导致TAM的标记信号不准确，影响吞噬功能的检测。
为了解决如上的技术问题，本发明第一方面提供一种GFP转染肿瘤细胞的方法在检测肿瘤相关巨噬细胞吞噬功能中的应用；
所述应用包括但不限于：
(1)体外筛选药物制剂；
(2)体外筛选吞噬细胞。
其中，本发明目的在于避免TAM体外与染料培养标记的过程，基于该考虑，本发明转变思路，以肿瘤细胞作为标记对象，将绿色荧光蛋白转染肿瘤细胞的技术转用于巨噬细胞吞噬功能的检测中，很好的解决了上述问题。本发明采用预先在肿瘤细胞中转染GFP的方法，能够使肿瘤细胞本身标记有绿色荧光蛋白，进而肿瘤细胞转移到小鼠体内后产生的巨噬细胞也被标记有绿色蛋白荧光信号，因此，提取肿瘤部位的TAM后能够直接进行吞噬功能的检测，摆脱TAM的体外培养过程，无需经历提取肿瘤部位TAM与染料进行体外刺激培养的过程，进而避免了体外培养吞噬细胞过程中刺激因子所引起的TAM本身状态的变化，本发明所提供的方法能够实时反映巨噬细胞的功能。
本发明的关键点就在于信号标记对象的转变，由TAM细胞转变为肿瘤细胞，通过肿瘤细胞再将标记的信号传递给吞噬的巨噬细胞，实现巨噬细胞的间接标记。
另外，本发明采用绿色荧光蛋白进行转染，稳定性好，体内成瘤也可保持其荧光不淬灭，能够提高实验的准确性。而本发明之所以采用绿色荧光蛋白转染，而非荧光分子直接标记，是因为绿色荧光蛋白能够从基因水平上进行标记，进而使得肿瘤细胞被巨噬细胞吞噬后将标记基因传递给巨噬细胞，实现巨噬细胞的标记。
在肿瘤细胞中转染GFP是现有的技术手段，但本发明首次将该技术引入到巨噬细胞吞噬功能的检测过程中，来解决现有检测方法中所存在的“TAM需要短暂的体外培养，各种刺激因子可能改变TAM本身的状态，不能代表实时巨噬细胞的功能”的问题，使巨噬细胞吞噬功能的检测结果更加准确，本发明将肿瘤细胞转染GFP技术应用于该领域内，赋予了该技术新的应用价值。
本发明第二方面提供一种检测肿瘤相关巨噬细胞吞噬功能的方法，具体为：利用绿色荧光蛋白GFP稳定转染肿瘤细胞，筛选高表达GFP的肿瘤细胞进行荷瘤实验，实验结束后提取肿瘤相关巨噬细胞直接上机检测。
进一步的，所述方法具体包括：
工序一：培养肿瘤细胞系，稳定转染GFP，并筛选出具有GFP过表达肿瘤细胞系；
工序二：进行小鼠荷瘤实验，并进行抗肿瘤治疗；
工序三：分离小鼠肿瘤组织，提取肿瘤组织细胞；
工序四：采用流式细胞术上机检测巨噬细胞吞噬功能。
本发明对肿瘤细胞系不做特殊限定，可以根据需求来选择特定的肿瘤细胞进行巨噬细胞吞噬功能的检测，如黑素瘤、乳腺、卵巢、前列腺、肺、肝、胰腺、或结肠直肠细胞系，优选为BALB/c鼠源性乳腺癌细胞系、卵巢癌细胞系SKOV3、人肺腺癌细胞系SPC-A-1M、肝癌细胞系HepG2M；进一步优选为卵巢癌细胞系SKOV3；
当肿瘤细胞系为卵巢癌细胞系SKOV3时，培养基组成为：90％RPMI 1640培养基+10％胎牛血清(FBS)+1％青-链霉素溶液(双抗)；
在本发明的一个或多个实施方式中，所述工序一中，转染GFP的方法为：(a)制备包含编码GFP蛋白的核酸的载体；(b)用所述载体转染所述肿瘤细胞；
进一步的，采用嘌呤霉素筛选获得GFP过表达肿瘤细胞系；
更进一步的，筛选时间为6-7天，优选为7天。
为了获知转染效果，可以通过免疫荧光显微镜及流式细胞术鉴定转染效率。
在本发明的一个或多个实施方式中，所述工序二，选取BALB/C-nude裸鼠成瘤，将5×106个细胞/只引入小鼠体内，引入方式不做特殊限定，只要能够实现小鼠成瘤的效果即可；
进一步的，荷瘤体积达50-100mm3后，进行后续抗肿瘤治疗；
更进一步的，所述治疗制剂为具有肿瘤治疗作用的制剂，为化疗(铂类、紫杉醇)、靶向治疗(贝伐单抗、PARP抑制剂、集落刺激因子1受体-CSF1R抑制剂)与免疫治疗(PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂)中的一种或多种，优选为PD-1抑制剂；
为了更好的对比巨噬细胞的吞噬作用，本发明工序二中的实验分为对照组及治疗组，治疗组中治疗制剂的使用量为10-25mg/kg，优选为10mg/kg，每周两次，治疗4周。
在本发明的一个或多个实施方式中，所述工序三中，待治疗完成后分离小鼠肿瘤组织，具体为：将肿瘤组织剪碎，采用胶原酶消化法分离肿瘤组织细胞；
进一步的，剪碎至1-2mm3体积后再进行分离肿瘤组织细胞。
优选的，本实验采用胶原酶IV(1.5mg/ml)+透明质酸酶(0.75mg/ml)+DNA酶(1.1mg/ml)+中性蛋白酶(5U/ml)来分离肿瘤组织细胞。
在本发明的一个或多个实施方式中，所述工序四，采用F4/80标记巨噬细胞，F4/80+为巨噬细胞，F4/80+GFP+为吞噬肿瘤细胞的巨噬细胞，F4/80+GFP+/F4/80+即为吞噬比例。
为了使得本领域技术人员能够更加清楚地了解本发明的技术方案，以下将结合具体的实施例详细说明本发明的技术方案。
实施例1
1)培养人卵巢癌细胞系SKOV3，稳定转染GFP蛋白，嘌呤霉素筛选7天获得GFP过表达肿瘤细胞系，免疫荧光显微镜及流式细胞术鉴定转染效率。(GFP质粒：hU6-MCS-CMV-GFP-SV40-Puromycin)
2)小鼠荷瘤实验，选取BALB/C-nude裸鼠成瘤，5×106个细胞/只腹腔或皮下注射，荷瘤体积达50-100mm3后，进行后续抗肿瘤治疗。本实验分为对照组及PD-1抑制剂组，10mg/kg，每周两次，治疗4周。
3)待治疗完成后分离小鼠肿瘤组织，肿瘤组织剪碎至1mm3体积，利用胶原酶消化法分离肿瘤组织细胞。本实验采用胶原酶IV(1.5mg/ml)+透明质酸酶(0.75mg/ml)+DNA酶(1.1mg/ml)+中性蛋白酶(5U/ml)方法。
4)流式细胞术上机检测巨噬细胞吞噬功能，采用F4/80标记巨噬细胞，F4/80+为巨噬细胞，F4/80+GFP+为吞噬肿瘤细胞的巨噬细胞，F4/80+GFP+/F4/80+即为吞噬比例。
如图1所示，转染GFP肿瘤细胞系在绿色荧光激发后显现出绿色荧光，表示GFP已经成功转染于肿瘤细胞中；本发明还采用流式细胞术进一步检测GFP转染情况，如图2所示，转染GFP后的肿瘤细胞系显现出更强的荧光效果。
图3为非GFP转染与GFP转染小鼠体内成瘤对比，可以看出，转染GFP之后，肿瘤细胞呈现黄绿色。
本发明还采用流式细胞术分析了巨噬细胞吞噬功能，如图4所示，采用PD-1抑制剂治疗后，检测到更高的巨噬细胞吞噬比例，说明PD-1抑制剂能够提高巨噬细胞的吞噬作用，这一点与现有的PD-1抑制剂治疗作用是相符的，验证了本方法的可行性。
实施例2
1)培养人卵巢癌细胞系SKOV3，稳定转染GFP蛋白，嘌呤霉素筛选7天获得GFP过表达肿瘤细胞系，免疫荧光显微镜及流式细胞术鉴定转染效率。
2)小鼠荷瘤实验，选取BALB/C-nude裸鼠成瘤，5×106个细胞/只腹腔或皮下注射，荷瘤体积达50-100mm3后，进行后续抗肿瘤治疗。本实验分为对照组及CSF1R抑制剂组，10mg/kg，每周两次，治疗4周。
3)待治疗完成后分离小鼠肿瘤组织，肿瘤组织剪碎至1mm3体积，利用胶原酶消化法分离肿瘤组织细胞。本实验采用胶原酶IV(1.5mg/ml)+透明质酸酶(0.75mg/ml)+DNA酶(1.1mg/ml)+中性蛋白酶(5U/ml)方法。
4)流式细胞术上机检测巨噬细胞吞噬功能，采用F4/80标记巨噬细胞，F4/80+为巨噬细胞，F4/80+GFP+为吞噬肿瘤细胞的巨噬细胞，F4/80+GFP+/F4/80+即为吞噬比例。
实施例3
1)培养人卵巢癌细胞系SKOV3，稳定转染GFP蛋白，嘌呤霉素筛选7天获得GFP过表达肿瘤细胞系，免疫荧光显微镜及流式细胞术鉴定转染效率。
2)小鼠荷瘤实验，选取BALB/C-nude裸鼠成瘤，5×106个细胞/只腹腔或皮下注射，荷瘤体积达50-100mm3后，进行后续抗肿瘤治疗。本实验分为对照组及CSF1R抑制剂组，25mg/kg，每周两次，治疗4周。
3)待治疗完成后分离小鼠肿瘤组织，肿瘤组织剪碎至1mm3体积，利用胶原酶消化法分离肿瘤组织细胞。本实验采用胶原酶IV(1.5mg/ml)+透明质酸酶(0.75mg/ml)+DNA酶(1.1mg/ml)+中性蛋白酶(5U/ml)方法。
4)流式细胞术上机检测巨噬细胞吞噬功能，采用F4/80标记巨噬细胞，F4/80+为巨噬细胞，F4/80+GFP+为吞噬肿瘤细胞的巨噬细胞，F4/80+GFP+/F4/80+即为吞噬比例。
实施例4
1)培养人BALB/c鼠源性乳腺癌细胞系，稳定转染GFP蛋白，嘌呤霉素筛选7天获得GFP过表达肿瘤细胞系，免疫荧光显微镜及流式细胞术鉴定转染效率。
2)小鼠荷瘤实验，选取BALB/C-nude裸鼠成瘤，5×106个细胞/只腹腔或皮下注射，荷瘤体积达50-100mm3后，进行后续抗肿瘤治疗。本实验分为对照组及PD-1抑制剂组，10mg/kg，每周两次，治疗4周。
3)待治疗完成后分离小鼠肿瘤组织，肿瘤组织剪碎至1mm3体积，利用胶原酶消化法分离肿瘤组织细胞。本实验采用胶原酶IV(1.5mg/ml)+透明质酸酶(0.75mg/ml)+DNA酶(1.1mg/ml)+中性蛋白酶(5U/ml)方法。
4)流式细胞术上机检测巨噬细胞吞噬功能，采用F4/80标记巨噬细胞，F4/80+为巨噬细胞，F4/80+GFP+为吞噬肿瘤细胞的巨噬细胞，F4/80+GFP+/F4/80+即为吞噬比例。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种GFP转染肿瘤细胞的方法在检测肿瘤相关巨噬细胞吞噬功能中的应用；
进一步的，所述应用包括但不限于：
(1)体外筛选药物制剂；
(2)体外筛选吞噬细胞。
2.一种检测肿瘤相关巨噬细胞吞噬功能的方法，其特征在于：利用绿色荧光蛋白GFP稳定转染肿瘤细胞，筛选高表达GFP的肿瘤细胞进行荷瘤实验，实验结束后提取肿瘤相关巨噬细胞直接上机检测。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于：所述方法具体包括：
工序一：培养肿瘤细胞系，稳定转染GFP，并筛选出具有GFP过表达肿瘤细胞系；
工序二：进行小鼠荷瘤实验，并进行抗肿瘤治疗；
工序三：分离小鼠肿瘤组织，提取肿瘤组织细胞；
工序四：采用流式细胞术上机检测巨噬细胞吞噬功能。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于：肿瘤细胞系为BALB/c鼠源性乳腺癌细胞系或卵巢癌细胞系SKOV3；优选为卵巢癌细胞系SKOV3；
当肿瘤细胞系为卵巢癌细胞系SKOV3时，培养基组成为：90％RPMI 1640培养基+10％胎牛血清+1％青-链霉素溶液。
5.如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于：所述工序一中，采用嘌呤霉素筛选获得GFP过表达肿瘤细胞系，筛选时间为6-7天，优选为7天；
或，通过免疫荧光显微镜及流式细胞术鉴定转染效率。
6.如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于：所述工序二中，选取BALB/C-nude裸鼠成瘤，将5×106个细胞/只引入小鼠体内；
进一步的，荷瘤体积达50-100mm3后，进行后续抗肿瘤治疗。
7.如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于：所述工序二中，治疗制剂为具有肿瘤治疗作用的制剂，为化疗、靶向治疗与免疫治疗制剂中的一种或多种，
化疗制剂包括铂类、紫杉醇；
靶向治疗制剂包括贝伐单抗、PARP抑制剂、集落刺激因子1受体-CSF1R抑制剂；
免疫治疗制剂包括PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂；
所述治疗制剂优选为PD-1抑制剂。
8.如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于：所述工序二中，实验分为对照组及治疗组，治疗组中治疗制剂的使用量为10-25mg/kg，优选为10mg/kg，每周两次，治疗4周。
9.如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于：所述工序三中，待治疗完成后分离小鼠肿瘤组织，具体为：将肿瘤组织剪碎，采用胶原酶消化法分离肿瘤组织细胞；
进一步的，剪碎至1mm3体积后再进行分离肿瘤组织细胞。
进一步的，采用胶原酶IV(1.5mg/ml)+透明质酸酶(0.75mg/ml)+DNA酶(1.1mg/ml)+中性蛋白酶(5U/ml)来分离肿瘤组织细胞。
10.如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于：所述工序四中，采用F4/80标记巨噬细胞，F4/80+为巨噬细胞，F4/80+GFP+为吞噬肿瘤细胞的巨噬细胞，F4/80+GFP+/F4/80+即为吞噬比例。
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