CN113292435B - 一种多取代环丁烷化合物的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种多取代环丁烷化合物的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C07C67/343—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms
- C07C67/347—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms by addition to unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
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Abstract
本发明公开了属于有机合成技术领域的一种制备多取代环丁烷类化合物的方法。所述方法为:以铱光敏剂和过渡金属RhII为混合催化剂,在蓝光LED灯的照射条件下,将重氮类化合物和烯烃进行[2+2]环加成反应,可直接生成多取代环丁烷类化合物。本发明所述的利用光催化和过渡金属催化重氮类化合物和烯烃的[2+2]环加成反应,制备多取代环丁烷化合物的方法具有科学合理、环境友好、合成方法简单、目标化合物产率高、底物适用性广等特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明公开了属于有机合成技术领域的一种多取代环丁烷类化合物的制备方法。所述方法为:以铱光敏剂和过渡金属RhII为混合催化剂,在蓝光LED灯的照射下,将重氮类化合物与烯烃进行[2+2]环加成反应,可直接生成多取代环丁烷类化合物。本发明所述的多取代环丁烷化合物的合成方法具有科学合理、环境友好、合成方法简单目标化合物产率高、底物适用性广等特点。
背景技术
可见光诱导的[2+2]环加成反应是一种绿色、高效且环境友好构建环丁烷骨架的合成方法,一直以来吸引了广大化学家的兴趣,。最近,吴骊珠(Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2017,56,15407-15410)和YOON(J.Am.Chem.Soc.2019,114,9543-9547)等人分别报道了烯烃参与的光诱导[2+2]环加成反应,在该类反应中,他们选取两个相同或不同类型的烯烃作为[2+2]环加成反应的底物。相比于烯烃尤其是不饱和类型的烯烃,重氮类化合物已其反应位点多,活性高等优势,已成为一类十分重要的有机反应中间体。然而到目前为止,有关可见光诱导的重氮化合物与不同类型烯烃的[2+2]环加成反应还未见报道,归其原因可能是重氮化合物容易发生Wolff重排反应而生成环丁酮类化合物。因此,发展一种高效的合成策略来实现可见光催化重氮化合物与烯烃的[2+2]环加成反应显得极为重要,而利用过渡金属和光催化剂的混合催化体系恰好能够实现高效、高选择性制备多取代环丁烷类化合物的目标。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种多取代环丁烷类化合物的制备方法。
一种合成式(I)所示的环丁烷类化合物的制备方法,该方法包括:以铱光敏剂和过渡金属Rh(II)为混合催化剂,在蓝光LED灯的照射条件下,将式(II)所示的重氮类化合物与式(III)所示的烯烃进行[2+2]环加成反应。
其中,R1为选自取代或未取代的C1-C10的烷基、取代或未取代的C6-C20的芳基和取代或未取代的杂环基团中的一种;EWG为酯基、氰基、取代或未取代的C6-C20的芳羰基和取代或未取代的C1-C10烷羰基中的一种;R2,R3和R4为各自独立地选自氢、取代或未取代的C1-C5的烷基、取代或未取代的芳基中的一种、酯基、烷氧基和芳巯基中的一种。
优选地,相对于100摩尔份所述的重氮类化合物,烯烃的用量为100-1000摩尔份,优选为100-500摩尔份。
优选地,相对于100摩尔份所述的重氮类化合物,铱光敏剂的用量为0.01-2摩尔份,优选为0.1-1.0摩尔份。
优选地,所述铱光敏剂为式(IV)至(IX)所示化合物中的一种。
优选地,相对于100摩尔份所述的重氮类化合物,RhII催化剂的用量为0.5-10摩尔份,优选为1-5摩尔份。
优选地,所述的过渡金属RhII催化剂的化学式为Rh2(O2CR5)4,其中,R5为选自取代或未取代的C1-C10的烷基、取代或未取代的C6-C20的芳基和取代或未取代的杂环基团中的一种,优选为乙基。
优选地,所述重氮类化合物与烯烃的[2+2]环加成反应所需的光源为390-456nm的蓝色LED灯,优选为456nm的蓝色LED灯。
优选地,所述α-重氮酸酯化合物与烯烃的[2+2]环加成反应在25-60℃的温度下搅拌进行12-36小时。
优选地,在反应后用石油醚和乙酸乙酯的混合溶剂进行柱层析。
本发明所述的合成多取代环丁烷化合物制备方法具有以下优点:
(1)过渡金属RhII催化与光催化相结合,高效、高选择性且环境友好地合成多取代环丁烷化合物;
(2)相比于不饱和烯烃化合物,重氮化合物具有更加丰富的底物范围、反应活性高等特点;
(3)可以实现更多烯烃底物的参与,如:简单烯烃、1,3-二烯,烯醚、烯硫醚;不饱和烯烃等;
(4)本发明所述的方法易于大规模生产。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的化合物3a的NMR图谱;
图2为实施例2制备的化合物3b的NMR图谱;
图3为实施例3制备的化合物3c的NMR图谱;
图4为实施例4制备的化合物3d的NMR图谱;
图5为实施例5制备的化合物3e的NMR图谱;
图6为实施例6制备的化合物3f的NMR图谱。
具体实施方式
下面采用具体的实施例对本发明进一步详细的说明:
下述实施例中所述试验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法;所述试剂和材料,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径获得。
实施例1
环丁烷类化合物3a的制备,反应方程式如下:
在反应瓶中加入化合物1a(100mmol),化合物2a(500mmol),Ir(ppy)3(1mmol),Rh2(OAc)4(5mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(DCE,500mL),在蓝光LED灯下照射12h。反应结束后,使用旋蒸仪去除反应溶剂,得到粗产物,粗产物经过柱色谱层析分离得到目标产物3a,其收率为80%。
3a核磁数据:
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ7.30(d,J=4.0Hz,4H),7.18-7.09(m,7H),6.96(d,J=7.0Hz,2H),6.88(d,J=4.0Hz,2H),4.58(d,J=10.5Hz,1H),4.13-4.03(m,2H),3.51(q,J=10.0Hz,1H),3.36-3.32(m,1H),2.69(t,J=11.0Hz,1H),1.18(t,J=7.0Hz,3H)ppm.
13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ173.9,150.7,141.5,138.6,128.8,128.6,128.4,127.7,126.7,126.3,126.1,125.9,60.6,54.0,52.7,39.8,34.6,14.2ppm.
实施例2
环丁烷类化合物3b的制备,反应方程式如下:
在反应瓶中加入化合物1a(100mmol),化合物2b(500mmol),Ir(ppy)3(1mmol),Rh2(OOc)4(5mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(DCE,500mL),在蓝光LED灯下照射12h。反应结束后,使用旋蒸仪去除反应溶剂,得到粗产物,粗产物经过柱色谱层析分离得到目标产物3b,其收率为60%(3:1d.r.)。
3b核磁数据如下:
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ7.34-7.23(m,5H),4.22(d,J=10.5Hz,1H),4.18-4.13(m,2H),3.78(s,3H),3.44(q,J=9.5Hz,1H),2.72(t,J=10.5Hz,1H),2.04(dd,J=8.5,11.0Hz,1H),1.25(t,J=7.5Hz,3H),1.05(s,3H)ppm.
13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ176.8,173.8,137.9,128.2,127.4,126.6,60.7,52.1,48.0,44.2,36.0,32.1,18.6,14.2ppm.
实施例3
环丁烷类化合物3c的制备,反应方程式如下:
在反应瓶中加入化合物1a(100mmol),化合物2c(500mmol),Ir(ppy)3(1mmol),Rh2(OAc)4(5mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(DCE,500mL),在蓝光LED灯下照射12h。反应结束后,使用旋蒸仪去除反应溶剂,得到粗产物,粗产物经过柱色谱层析分离得到目标产物3c,其收率为85%(10:1d.r.)。
3c核磁数据如下:
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ7.31-7.19(m,10H),4.23-4.16(m,2H),3.69(t,J=10.0Hz,1H),3.20(t,J=10.0Hz,1H),2.86(t,J=9.5Hz,1H),2.25(q,J=9.5Hz,1H),1.28(t,J=7.0Hz,3H),1.01-0.95(m,1H),0.51-0.43(m,2H),0.24-0.18(m,2H)ppm.
13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ171.6,140.2,139.9,126.1,124.8,124.3,124.2,124.2,58.2,47.3,45.5,44.9,43.9,11.9,11.7ppm.
实施例4
环丁烷化合物3d的制备,反应方程式如下:
在反应瓶中加入化合物1a(100mmol),化合物2d(500mmol),Ir(ppy)3(1mmol),Rh2(OAc)4(5mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(DCE,500mL),在蓝光LED灯下照射12h。反应结束后,使用旋蒸仪去除反应溶剂,得到粗产物,粗产物经过柱色谱层析分离得到目标产物3c,其收率为69%(3:1d.r.)。
3d核磁数据如下:
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ7.32-7.18(m,6.4H),4.90-4.83(m,2.56H),4.16-4.06(m,2.56H),3.93(d,J=10.5Hz,1H),3.57(d,J=10.0Hz,0.28H),3.41-3.32(m,1.28H),2.58(dd,J=9.0Hz,11.5Hz,0.28H),2.34(t,J=10.0Hz,1H),2.12-2.08(m,0.28H),1.98(dd,J=8.5Hz,10.5Hz,1H),1.76(s,3H),1.42(s,0.84H),1.25-1.20(m,3.84H),1.07(s,0.84H),1.00(s,3H)ppm.
13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ174.7,174.7,152.2,147.3,139.7,128.0,128.0,127.8,127.5,126.6,126.3,110.9,108.9,60.5,53.9,49.5,47.2,45.2,37.8,37.0,34.1,21.0,20.9,18.9,14.2ppm.
环丁烷化合物3e的制备,反应方程式如下:
在反应瓶中加入化合物1a(100mmol),化合物2e(500mmol),Ir(ppy)3(1mmol),Rh2(OAc)4(5mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(DCE,500mL),在蓝光LED灯下照射12h。反应结束后,使用旋蒸仪去除反应溶剂,得到粗产物,粗产物经过柱色谱层析分离得到目标产物3e,其收率为60%(10:1d.r.)。
3e核磁数据如下:
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ7.27-7.25(m,1H),7.20-7.11(m,4H),6.92-6.87(m,3H),6.41(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),4.22(t,J=9.0Hz,1H),4.15-4.10(m,2H),4.06(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),3.33(q,J=7.5Hz,1H),3.19(dd,J=16.5,7.5Hz,1H),3.12(dd,J=10.0,7.5Hz,1H),3.01-2.97(m,1H),1.22(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)ppm.
13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ174.7,174.7,152.2,147.3,139.7,128.0,128.0,127.8,127.5,126.6,126.3,110.9,108.9,60.5,53.9,49.5,47.2,45.2,37.8,37.0,34.1,21.0,20.9,18.9,14.2ppm.
环丁烷化合物3e的制备,反应方程式如下:
在反应瓶中加入化合物1b(100mmol),化合物2a(500mmol),Ir(ppy)3(1mmol),Rh2(OAc)4(5mmol),1,2-二氯乙烷(DCE,500mL),在蓝光LED灯下照射12h。反应结束后,使用旋蒸仪去除反应溶剂,得到粗产物,粗产物经过柱色谱层析分离得到目标产物3f,其收率为65%(2.5:1d.r.)。
3f核磁数据如下:
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ7.33-7.20(m,10H),7.12-7.04(m,2.4H),6.94(d,J=7.0Hz,0.8H),6.89(d,J=7.0Hz,0.8H),4.11(t,J=9.0Hz,0.4H),3.91-3.87(m,0.4H),3.75-3.66(m,1.4H),3.56(q,J=10.0Hz,1H),3.31(q,J=9.5,1H),2.77-2.71(m,0.4H),2.61-2.53(m,1.4H),2.32(q,J=10.5Hz,1H),2.10(s,1.2H),2.07(s,3H)ppm.
13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ174.7,174.7,152.2,147.3,139.7,128.0,128.0,127.8,127.5,126.6,126.3,110.9,108.9,60.5,53.9,49.5,47.2,45.2,37.8,37.0,34.1,21.0,20.9,18.9,14.2ppm.
表一:
Claims (7)
1.一种合成式(I)所示的多取代环丁烷化合物的制备方法,该方法包括:以铱光敏剂和过渡金属RhII为混合催化剂,在蓝光LED灯的照射条件下,将式(II)所示的重氮类化合物与式(III)所示的烯烃进行[2+2]环加成反应:
其中,所述的铱光敏剂为式(IV)至(IX)所示化合物中的一种:
R1为选自未取代的C1-C10的烷基和未取代的C6-C20的芳基中的一种;EWG为乙酯基、氰基、未取代的C6-C20的芳羰基和未取代的C1-C10烷羰基中的一种;R2,R3和R4为各自独立地选自氢、未取代的C1-C5的烷基和未取代的芳基、甲酯基、烷氧基中的一种;过渡金属RhII的化学式为Rh2(O2CR5)4,R5为选自未取代的C1-C10的烷基和未取代的C6-C20的芳基中的一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其中,相对于100摩尔份所述的重氮类化合物,烯烃的用量为100-1000摩尔份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其中,相对于100摩尔份所述的重氮类化合物,铱光敏剂用量为0.01-2摩尔份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,相对于100摩尔份所述的重氮类化合物,RhII催化剂的用量为0.5-10摩尔份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述的重氮类化合物与烯烃的[2+2]环加成反应所需的光源为蓝光LED灯,波长范围为390-456nm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述的重氮类化合物与烯烃的[2+2]环加成反应在25-60℃的温度下搅拌进行12-36小时。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,在反应后用石油醚和乙酸乙酯的混合溶剂进行柱层析。
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2,4-二氧代戊酸甲酯与环(端)烯的[2+2]光环加成反应;张朋等;《烟台大学学报(自然科学与工程版)》;20100115(第01期);全文 * |
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