CN113292408B - Process for producing o-chlorobenzaldehyde by chlorination distillation method - Google Patents

Process for producing o-chlorobenzaldehyde by chlorination distillation method Download PDF

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CN113292408B
CN113292408B CN202110595123.4A CN202110595123A CN113292408B CN 113292408 B CN113292408 B CN 113292408B CN 202110595123 A CN202110595123 A CN 202110595123A CN 113292408 B CN113292408 B CN 113292408B
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chlorination
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dichlorobenzyl
condenser
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CN113292408A (en
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袁志明
朱文浩
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Hubei Yuanhuan Industrial Investment Co ltd
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C45/00Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
    • C07C45/42Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by hydrolysis
    • C07C45/43Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by hydrolysis of >CX2 groups, X being halogen
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C17/00Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
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    • C07C17/10Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of hydrogen atoms
    • C07C17/14Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of hydrogen atoms in the side-chain of aromatic compounds
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C45/00Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
    • C07C45/78Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C45/00Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
    • C07C45/78Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
    • C07C45/81Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by change in the physical state, e.g. crystallisation
    • C07C45/82Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by change in the physical state, e.g. crystallisation by distillation

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Abstract

The invention provides a new process for producing o-chlorobenzaldehyde by a chlorination distillation method, which takes o-chlorotoluene and chlorine as raw materials, and adopts a tower type chlorination catalytic reaction distillation technology to synthesize o-chlorobenzyl chloride and o-chlorobenzylidene dichloride, wherein the chlorinated solution is subjected to alkali washing and reduced pressure distillation to prepare the o-chlorobenzyl chloride with the content of more than 99.0 percent, and the o-chlorobenzylidene dichloride is subjected to hydrolysis, alkaline hydrolysis and refining to prepare the high-purity o-chlorobenzaldehyde; the method overcomes the defects of insufficient activity of a catalyst adopted in the hydrolysis reaction, long hydrolysis reaction time, serious material polymerization, large amount of residual liquid, low hydrolysis yield, direct discharge of waste liquid containing a large amount of toxic and harmful substances and serious environmental pollution in the current production process. The yield of the chlorination reaction can reach more than 98.0 percent, the total yield of the o-chlorobenzyl chloride product is more than 92 percent, the total yield of the o-chlorobenzaldehyde product is more than 92 percent, and the utilization rate of chlorine can reach more than 90.0 percent. Compared with the domestic same industry, the method has the characteristics of high product yield, good quality, small environmental pollution and the like.

Description

Process for producing o-chlorobenzaldehyde by chlorination distillation method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of production of o-chlorobenzaldehyde, in particular to a process for producing o-chlorobenzaldehyde by a chlorination distillation method.
Background
The o-chlorobenzaldehyde is an important chemical raw material, is a colorless transparent liquid and is mainly used in the industries of organic synthesis, pesticides, pharmacy and dyes. At present, the main production process at home and abroad is a chlorination hydrolysis process, wherein o-chlorotoluene and chlorine are used as raw materials, o-chlorobenzylidene dichloride is synthesized through catalytic chlorination, a crude o-chlorobenzylidene dichloride product is prepared through reduced pressure rectification, and a finished o-chlorobenzaldehyde product is prepared through hydrolysis reaction, wherein the total yield is about 82%.
The chlorination synthesis reaction of the method is generally adopted in actual industrial production at present as a kettle type chlorination process, the reaction temperature is 130-150 ℃, local reaction is serious due to high reaction temperature and uneven chlorine distribution, side reaction cannot be strictly controlled, the content of polychloride in reaction products is high, the chlorination reaction yield is low and is only about 92%, and the chlorine utilization rate is only about 80%; meanwhile, the catalyst used in the hydrolysis reaction has insufficient activity, the hydrolysis reaction time is long, the polymerization of materials is serious, and the amount of residual liquid is large, so that the hydrolysis yield is low and is only about 90%, and the purity of the finally obtained o-chlorobenzaldehyde is only about 95%. The problems not only cause lower overall yield, waste of raw materials and increase of cost, but also cause direct discharge of waste liquid containing a large amount of toxic and harmful substances and serious environmental pollution. Therefore, a better production process of o-chlorobenzaldehyde is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a process for producing o-chlorobenzaldehyde by a chlorination distillation method, which solves the problems of low overall yield, raw material waste, cost increase and serious environmental pollution in the prior art.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the process for producing o-chlorobenzaldehyde by chlorination and rectification selects o-chlorotoluene and chlorine as raw materials, and the production process comprises the following steps:
(1) Chlorination: metering o-chlorotoluene by a feed pump, then feeding the o-chlorotoluene into a chlorination reaction tower, adding an initiator, starting a light source, opening a condenser at the top of the tower to cool water, heating the water to 100 ℃, feeding chlorine gas in a sectional metering manner, controlling the reaction temperature to be 120-130 ℃, stopping feeding the chlorine gas when the specific gravity of a chlorination solution reaches 1.34 under the condition of 20 ℃, putting the chlorination solution into an alkaline washing tank, quantitatively adding alkali for neutralization, stirring for 2 hours, measuring the pH value of the chlorination solution, stopping stirring when the pH value of the chlorination solution is = 6-7, standing for layering, and then putting the chlorination solution into a chlorination solution storage tank;
(2) Fractional distillation: firstly, pumping a chlorination solution from a chlorination solution storage tank to a tower I kettle, heating to 140-150 ℃, opening a condenser at the top of the tower to cool water, separating chlorotoluene and monochlorobenzene through reduced pressure fractionation, purifying a crude product of dichlorobenzyl in the tower kettle, controlling the monochlorobenzene to be less than or equal to 10.0%, and putting the purified product into a tank of the tower I kettle to serve as a feed of a tower II;
(3) And (3) rectification: pumping the purified crude product of dichlorobenzyl from a tank of a tower I to a feeding head tank of a tower II, feeding the crude product of dichlorobenzyl into the tower II through a rotor flow meter, heating to 140-150 ℃, opening a condenser at the top of the tower to cool water, separating the o-chlorobenzyl and the residual monochlorobenzyl in the crude product of dichlorobenzyl in the tower kettle by reduced pressure rectification, and when the content of monochlorobenzyl in the dichlorobenzyl in the tower kettle is less than or equal to 0.2%, putting the crude product of dichlorobenzyl into the tank of the tower II for the next process;
(4) Hydrolysis and alkaline hydrolysis: pumping purified benzyl dichloride from a liquid tank of a tower II to a dichloro head tank, then putting the dichloro head tank into a hydrolysis kettle, adding a catalyst, starting stirring, opening cooling water of a condenser, heating to 120-130 ℃, then opening an outlet valve of the water head tank, continuously metering and dripping water, stopping hydrolysis when the content of the benzyl dichloride is less than or equal to 0.1%, cooling to 80 ℃, quantitatively adding 30% pure alkali liquor from the alkali liquor head tank for alkaline hydrolysis for 2-3 hours, stopping alkaline hydrolysis when the content of the benzyl monochloride is less than or equal to 0.2%, cooling, washing layers by water, and putting a crude aldehyde solution obtained after layering into a crude aldehyde tank;
(5) Refining: and (3) pumping the hydrolyzed crude aldehyde liquid to a tower III kettle, heating to 120-130 ℃, opening a tower top condenser to cool water, performing reduced pressure rectification, wherein the front distillate enters a tower top front distillate groove through the tower top condenser and is returned to the hydrolysis kettle for recycling, and the o-chlorobenzaldehyde is purified and then enters a tower top liquid groove III from the tower top condenser and is put into an o-chlorobenzaldehyde finished product groove for packaging.
Further, in the chlorination step, hydrogen chloride gas generated in the chlorination reaction is recycled through a tower top condenser and enters a hydrochloric acid recycling system.
Further, in the fractionating step, the chlorotoluene is subjected to reduced pressure fractionation and purification, then is discharged from a front fraction tank at the top of the tower to a chlorotoluene recovery storage tank, and is recycled in the chlorination tower, and the benzyl chloride at the top of the tower is subjected to reduced pressure fractionation and purification, and then is discharged from a liquid tank at the top of the tower I to a benzyl chloride finished product tank for packaging.
Further, in the rectification step, after the o-chlorobenzyl chloride in the crude product of the dichlorobenzyl in the tower kettle is recovered and purified by the reduced pressure rectification, the o-chlorobenzyl chloride enters a liquid tank at the top of the tower II from a condenser at the top of the tower, and then is placed into a chlorination liquid storage tank for recycling.
Preferably, the chlorination reaction tower, the tower I, the tower II and the tower III are provided with steam pipelines, and steam is adopted for heating and warming.
Preferably, the alkali added in the chlorination step is 10% industrial liquid alkali or 10% industrial caustic sludge.
Preferably, in the chlorination step, the initiator is 0.1% azobisisobutyronitrile.
Preferably, in the hydrolysis and alkaline hydrolysis steps, the catalyst is 0.2% active zinc oxide.
The technical principle of the invention is as follows: the method comprises the following steps of (1) synthesizing o-chlorobenzyl chloride and o-chlorobenzylidene dichloride by taking o-chlorotoluene and chlorine as raw materials and adopting an advanced tower type chlorination catalytic reaction rectification technology, carrying out alkali washing and reduced pressure rectification on a chlorination solution to obtain the o-chlorobenzyl chloride with the content of more than 99.0%, and carrying out hydrolysis, alkali hydrolysis and refining on the o-chlorobenzylidene dichloride to obtain the o-chlorobenzaldehyde;
reaction principle chemical equation:
C 7 H 7 Cl+Cl 2 =C 7 H 6 Cl 2 +HCl;
C 7 H 6 Cl 2 +Cl 2 =C 7 H 5 Cl 3 +HCl;
C 7 H 5 Cl 3 +H 2 O=C 7 H 5 ClO+2HCl。
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. because the reaction temperature directly influences the substitution selectivity of chlorine atoms on benzene rings in the chlorination reaction, the side reaction probability is increased when the reaction temperature is higher, so that the selectivity of o-chlorobenzylidene dichloride in the chlorination reaction is reduced, and the yield is reduced; therefore, the invention properly reduces the reaction temperature which is 120-130 ℃, effectively controls the occurrence of side reaction and improves the yield of chlorination reaction under the condition of ensuring certain reaction efficiency;
2. the invention adopts the tower type chlorination process, greatly improves the distribution condition of chlorine gas during reaction, avoids the reaction liquid from forming vortex, ensures that the o-chlorotoluene is fully contacted with the chlorine gas, shortens the reaction time and improves the utilization rate of the chlorine gas;
3. the invention adopts the rectification method production process, can produce two products of o-chlorobenzyl chloride and o-chlorobenzaldehyde at the same time, compared with the traditional deep chlorination process, the rectification method production process effectively recovers the o-chlorobenzyl chloride, greatly improves the product yield, and improves by 10%;
4. the method improves the traditional hydrolysis process, adopts active high-efficiency catalyst active zinc oxide, and adopts a continuous dropwise adding mode, so that the added water is ensured not to be excessive all the time, and side reactions are avoided, thereby greatly improving the hydrolysis yield which is over 95.0 percent and reducing the environmental pollution;
5. the chlorination reaction yield can reach more than 98.0 percent, the primary conversion rate is more than 95.0 percent, the total yield of the o-chlorobenzyl chloride product is more than 92 percent, the total yield of the o-chlorobenzaldehyde product is more than 92 percent, and the utilization rate of chlorine can reach more than 90.0 percent; the method has the characteristics of high product yield, good quality, small environmental pollution and the like, and meanwhile, the method has the advantages of strong overall process reproducibility, simple and easily-obtained equipment and industrial production conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described with reference to fig. 1 and the embodiments.
Example 1:
the production process of the embodiment is as follows:
1. chlorination of
Measuring o-chlorotoluene by a feed pump, then feeding the o-chlorotoluene into a chlorination reaction tower, adding 0.1% azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator, starting a light source, opening a condenser cooling water at the top of the tower, heating to 100 ℃, introducing chlorine gas in a sectional measurement manner, controlling the reaction temperature to be 120 ℃, stopping introducing chlorine when the specific gravity of a chlorination solution reaches 1.34 under the condition of 20 ℃, putting the chlorination solution into an alkaline tank, quantitatively adding 10% of industrial alkaline residue, starting stirring for 2 hours, measuring the pH value of the chlorination solution, stopping stirring when the pH of the chlorination solution is =6, standing for layering, and then putting the chlorination solution into a chlorination solution storage tank; and (3) recovering hydrogen chloride gas generated in the chlorination reaction through a tower top condenser and entering a hydrochloric acid recovery system.
2. Fractional distillation
Firstly, pumping a chlorination solution from a chlorination solution storage tank to a tower I, opening a steam inlet valve, heating to 140 ℃, opening a tower top condenser for cooling water, wherein chlorotoluene is purified by reduced pressure distillation (the content is more than or equal to 80.0%) and then is discharged from a tower top front fraction tank to a chlorotoluene recovery storage tank, and then is recycled in a chlorination tower, after the chlorobenzyl chloride is purified by reduced pressure distillation at the tower top (the content is more than or equal to 99.0%), the monochlorobenzyl chloride is discharged from a tower top liquid tank to a chlorobenzyl finished product tank for packaging, and after the dichlorobenzyl crude product at the tower bottom is purified (the monochlorobenzyl chloride is controlled to be less than or equal to 10.0%), the dichlorobenzyl crude product is discharged to a tower bottom liquid tank at the tower I to be used as a feed for a tower II.
3. Rectification
Pumping the purified crude product of the dichlorobenzyl from a tank of a tower I to a feeding head tank of a tower II, feeding the crude product of the dichlorobenzyl into a tower II through a rotameter, opening a steam inlet valve, heating to 140 ℃, opening a condenser at the top of the tower to cool water, recovering and purifying the ortho-chlorobenzyl chloride in the crude product of the dichlorobenzyl in the tower through reduced pressure rectification, feeding the crude product of the dichlorobenzyl into a tank of the tower II from the condenser at the top of the tower, and then putting the crude product of the dichlorobenzyl into a chlorination liquid storage tank for recycling, wherein when the content of the monochlorobenzyl chloride in the dichlorobenzyl in the tower kettle is less than or equal to 0.2%, the crude product of the dichlorobenzyl in the tower is put into the tank of the tower II for the next process.
4. Hydrolysis, alkaline hydrolysis
Pumping purified dichlorobenzyl from a liquid tank of a tower II to a dichlorosilane head tank, then placing the dichlorobenzyl into a hydrolysis kettle, then adding 0.2% of catalyst namely active zinc oxide, starting stirring, opening condenser cooling water, heating to 125 ℃, then opening an outlet valve of the water head tank, continuously metering and dripping water, stopping hydrolysis when the content of dichlorobenzyl is less than or equal to 0.1%, cooling to 80 ℃, quantitatively adding 30% pure alkali liquor from the alkali liquor head tank for alkaline hydrolysis for 2-3 hours, stopping alkaline hydrolysis when the content of monochlorobenzyl is less than or equal to 0.2%, cooling, washing and layering to obtain crude aldehyde liquid, and placing the crude aldehyde liquid into a crude aldehyde tank for use in a refined aldehyde post of the next procedure.
5. Refining
And (3) pumping the hydrolyzed crude aldehyde liquid to a tower III kettle, opening a steam inlet valve, heating to 120 ℃, opening a tower top condenser to cool water, performing reduced pressure rectification, wherein the front distillate enters a tower top front distillate groove through the tower top condenser and is returned to the hydrolysis kettle for recycling, and the o-chlorobenzaldehyde is purified and then enters a tower top liquid tank III from the tower top condenser and is put into an o-chlorobenzaldehyde finished product groove for packaging.
The purity of the o-chlorobenzaldehyde product obtained in the embodiment is 99.5%, and the total yield of the o-chlorobenzaldehyde product is 93%.
Example 2:
the production process of the embodiment is as follows:
1. chlorination of
Measuring o-chlorotoluene by a feed pump, then feeding the o-chlorotoluene into a chlorination reaction tower, adding 0.1% azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator, starting a light source, opening a condenser cooling water at the top of the tower, heating to 100 ℃, introducing chlorine gas in a sectional measurement manner, controlling the reaction temperature to be 125 ℃, stopping introducing chlorine when the specific gravity of a chlorination solution reaches 1.34 under the condition of 20 ℃, putting the chlorination solution into an alkaline tank, quantitatively adding 10% industrial liquid alkali, starting stirring for 2 hours, measuring the pH value of the chlorination solution, stopping stirring when the pH of the chlorination solution is =6.5, standing for layering, and then putting the chlorination solution into a chlorination solution storage tank; and hydrogen chloride gas generated in the chlorination reaction is recycled by the tower top condenser and enters a hydrochloric acid recycling system.
2. Fractional distillation
Firstly, pumping a chlorination solution from a chlorination solution storage tank to a tower I, opening a steam inlet valve, heating to 145 ℃, opening a tower top condenser cooling water, wherein chlorotoluene is purified by reduced pressure distillation (the content is more than or equal to 80.0%) and then is discharged from a front fraction tank at the tower top to a chlorotoluene recovery storage tank, and then is re-introduced into a chlorination tower for recycling, wherein the monobenzyl chloride at the tower top is purified by reduced pressure distillation (the content is more than or equal to 99.0%) and then is discharged from a tower top liquid tank at the tower I to a benzyl chloride finished product tank for packaging, a crude benzyl dichloride at the tower bottom is purified, the purification is controlled to be less than or equal to 10.0%, and the crude benzyl dichloride at the tower bottom is discharged into a tower bottom liquid tank at the tower I after purification and is used as a feed material of a tower II.
3. Rectification
Pumping the purified crude product of the dichlorobenzyl from a tank of a tower I to a feeding head tank of a tower II, feeding the crude product of the dichlorobenzyl into a tower II through a rotameter, opening a steam inlet valve, heating to 145 ℃, opening a condenser at the top of the tower to cool water, recovering and purifying the ortho-chlorobenzyl chloride in the crude product of the dichlorobenzyl in the tower through reduced pressure rectification, feeding the crude product of the dichlorobenzyl into a tank of the tower II from the condenser at the top of the tower, and then putting the crude product of the dichlorobenzyl into a chlorination liquid storage tank for recycling, wherein when the content of the monochlorobenzyl chloride in the dichlorobenzyl in the tower kettle is less than or equal to 0.2%, the crude product of the dichlorobenzyl in the tower is put into the tank of the tower II for the next process.
4. Hydrolysis, alkaline hydrolysis
Pumping purified dichlorobenzyl from a liquid tank of a tower II to a dichlorosilane head tank, then placing the dichlorobenzyl into a hydrolysis kettle, then adding 0.2% of catalyst namely active zinc oxide, starting stirring, opening condenser cooling water, heating to 125 ℃, then opening an outlet valve of the water head tank, continuously metering and dripping water, stopping hydrolysis when the content of dichlorobenzyl is less than or equal to 0.1%, cooling to 80 ℃, quantitatively adding 30% pure alkali liquor from the alkali liquor head tank for alkaline hydrolysis for 2-3 hours, stopping alkaline hydrolysis when the content of monochlorobenzyl is less than or equal to 0.2%, cooling, washing and layering to obtain crude aldehyde liquid, and placing the crude aldehyde liquid into a crude aldehyde tank for use in a refined aldehyde post of the next procedure.
5. Refining
And (3) pumping the hydrolyzed crude aldehyde liquid to a tower III kettle, opening a steam inlet valve, heating to 125 ℃, opening an overhead condenser to cool water, performing reduced pressure rectification, wherein the front distillate liquid enters an overhead front distillate tank through the overhead condenser and is returned to the hydrolysis kettle for recycling, and the o-chlorobenzaldehyde is purified, enters an overhead liquid tank of the tower III from the overhead condenser and is discharged to an o-chlorobenzaldehyde finished product tank for packaging.
The purity of the o-chlorobenzaldehyde product obtained in the embodiment is 99.7%, and the total yield of the o-chlorobenzaldehyde product is 92.5%.
Example 3:
the production process of the embodiment is as follows:
1. chlorination of
Measuring o-chlorotoluene by a feed pump, then feeding the o-chlorotoluene into a chlorination reaction tower, adding 0.1% azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator, starting a light source, opening a condenser cooling water at the top of the tower, heating to 100 ℃, introducing chlorine gas in a sectional measurement manner, controlling the reaction temperature to be about 130 ℃, stopping introducing chlorine when the specific gravity of a chlorination solution reaches 1.34 under the condition of 20 ℃, putting the chlorination solution into an alkaline tank, quantitatively adding 10% industrial liquid alkali, starting stirring for 2 hours, measuring the pH value of the chlorination solution, stopping stirring when the pH of the chlorination solution is =7, standing for layering, and then putting the chlorination solution into a chlorination solution storage tank; and hydrogen chloride gas generated in the chlorination reaction is recycled by the tower top condenser and enters a hydrochloric acid recycling system.
2. Fractional distillation
Firstly, pumping a chlorination solution from a chlorination solution storage tank to a tower I, opening a steam inlet valve, heating to 150 ℃, opening a tower top condenser for cooling water, wherein chlorotoluene is purified by reduced pressure rectification (the content is more than or equal to 80.0%) and then is discharged from a tower top front fraction tank to a chlorotoluene recovery storage tank, and then is recycled in a chlorination tower, after the chlorobenzyl chloride is purified by reduced pressure rectification (the content is more than or equal to 99.0%), the monochlorobenzyl chloride is discharged from a tower top liquid tank to a chlorobenzyl chloride finished product tank for packaging, and after the dichlorobenzyl chloride crude product in the tower kettle is purified (the monochlorobenzyl chloride is controlled to be less than or equal to 10.0%), the monochlorobenzyl chloride crude product is discharged to a tower bottom liquid tank of the tower I to be used as a feed of a tower II.
3. Rectification
Pumping the purified crude product of the dichlorobenzyl from a tower I kettle liquid tank to a tower II feeding head tank, allowing the crude product of the dichlorobenzyl to enter a tower II kettle through a rotor flow meter, opening a steam inlet valve to heat to 150 ℃, opening a tower top condenser to cool water, recovering and purifying the ortho-chlorobenzyl in the crude product of the dichlorobenzyl in the tower kettle through reduced pressure rectification, allowing the ortho-chlorobenzyl to enter a tower II top liquid tank from the tower top condenser, and then putting the crude product of the dichlorobenzyl in the tower kettle into a chlorination liquid storage tank for recycling, wherein when the content of monochlorobenzyl in the dichlorobenzyl in the tower kettle is less than or equal to 0.2%, the crude product of the dichlorobenzyl in the tower kettle is put into the tower II liquid tank for the next process.
4. Hydrolysis, alkaline hydrolysis
Pumping purified dichlorobenzyl from a liquid tank of a tower II to a dichlorosilane head tank, then putting the dichlorobenzyl into a hydrolysis kettle, adding 0.2% of catalyst namely active zinc oxide, starting stirring, opening condenser cooling water, heating to 130 ℃, then opening an outlet valve of the water head tank, continuously metering and dripping water, stopping hydrolysis when the content of dichlorobenzyl is less than or equal to 0.1%, cooling to 80 ℃, quantitatively adding 30% pure alkali liquor from the alkali liquor head tank for alkaline hydrolysis for 2-3 hours, stopping alkaline hydrolysis when the content of monochlorobenzyl is less than or equal to 0.2%, and cooling, washing and layering to obtain crude aldehyde liquid, and putting the crude aldehyde liquid into a crude aldehyde tank for use in a refined aldehyde post of the next procedure.
5. Refining
And (3) pumping the hydrolyzed crude aldehyde liquid to a tower III kettle, opening a steam inlet valve, heating to 130 ℃, opening a tower top condenser to cool water, performing reduced pressure rectification, wherein the front distillate enters a tower top front distillate groove through the tower top condenser and is returned to the hydrolysis kettle for recycling, and the o-chlorobenzaldehyde is purified and then enters a tower top liquid tank III from the tower top condenser and is put into an o-chlorobenzaldehyde finished product groove for packaging.
The purity of the o-chlorobenzaldehyde product obtained in the embodiment is 99.6%, and the total yield of the o-chlorobenzaldehyde product is 92.6%.
According to the three embodiments, the purity of the o-chlorobenzaldehyde prepared by the invention is over 99.5 percent and far exceeds 95 percent in the production process in the prior art; the total yield of the o-chlorobenzaldehyde is over 92 percent and far exceeds 82 percent of the production process in the prior art, and the technical advantages of the production process in the invention are fully proved.
Finally, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (6)

1. A process for producing o-chlorobenzaldehyde by a chlorination distillation method selects o-chlorotoluene and chlorine as raw materials, and is characterized in that the production process comprises the following steps:
(1) Chlorination: measuring o-chlorotoluene by a feed pump, then feeding the o-chlorotoluene into a chlorination reaction tower, adding an initiator, starting a light source, opening a condenser cooling water on the top of the tower, heating the tower to 100 ℃, feeding chlorine gas in a sectional measurement manner, controlling the reaction temperature to be 120-130 ℃, stopping feeding the chlorine gas when the specific gravity of a chlorination solution reaches 1.34 under the condition of 20 ℃, putting the chlorination solution into an alkaline washing tank, quantitatively adding alkali for neutralization, stirring for 2 hours, measuring the pH value of the chlorination solution, stopping stirring when the pH value of the chlorination solution is = 6-7, standing for layering, and then putting the chlorination solution into a chlorination solution storage tank;
(2) Fractional distillation: firstly pumping a chlorination solution from a chlorination solution storage tank to a tower I kettle, heating to 140-150 ℃, opening a condenser at the top of the tower to cool water, separating chlorotoluene and monochlorobenzyl by reduced pressure fractionation, purifying a crude product of dichlorobenzyl in the tower kettle, controlling the monochlorobenzyl to be less than or equal to 10.0%, and putting the purified product to a liquid tank of the tower I kettle to serve as a feed of a tower II; in the fractionation step, the chlorotoluene is decompressed, fractionated and purified, then is discharged from a front fraction tank at the top of the tower to a chlorotoluene recovery storage tank, and is recycled in a chlorination tower, and the monochlorobenzene at the top of the tower is decompressed, fractionated and purified, then is discharged from a liquid tank at the top of the tower I to a finished chlorobenzyl product tank for packaging;
(3) And (3) rectification: pumping the purified crude product of dichlorobenzyl from a liquid tank of a tower I to a feeding head tank of a tower II, feeding the crude product of dichlorobenzyl into the tower II through a rotor flow meter, heating to 140-150 ℃, opening a condenser at the top of the tower to cool water, separating the o-chlorobenzyl and the residual monochlorobenzyl in the crude product of dichlorobenzyl in the tower kettle by reduced pressure rectification, and when the content of monochlorobenzyl in the dichlorobenzyl in the tower kettle is less than or equal to 0.2%, putting the crude product of dichlorobenzyl in the tower kettle into the liquid tank of the tower II for the next process; in the rectification step, recovering and purifying ortho-chlorobenzyl chloride in a crude dichlorobenzyl product in a tower kettle by reduced pressure rectification, then feeding the recovered and purified ortho-chlorobenzyl chloride into a liquid tank at the top of the tower II from a condenser at the top of the tower, and then placing the liquid tank in a chlorination liquid storage tank for recycling;
(4) Hydrolysis and alkaline hydrolysis: pumping purified dichlorobenzyl from a liquid tank of a tower II to a dichlorosilane head tank, then putting the dichlorobenzyl into a hydrolysis kettle, then adding 0.2% of active zinc oxide serving as a catalyst, starting stirring, opening cooling water of a condenser, heating to 120-130 ℃, then opening an outlet valve of the water head tank, continuously metering and dripping water, stopping hydrolysis when the content of dichlorobenzyl is less than or equal to 0.1%, cooling to 80 ℃, quantitatively adding 30% of pure alkali liquor from the alkali liquor head tank for alkaline hydrolysis for 2-3 hours, stopping alkaline hydrolysis when the content of monochlorobenzyl is less than or equal to 0.2%, cooling, washing and layering to obtain a crude aldehyde liquid, and putting the crude aldehyde liquid into a crude aldehyde tank;
(5) Refining: and (3) pumping the hydrolyzed crude aldehyde liquid to a tower III kettle, heating to 120-130 ℃, opening a condenser at the tower top to cool water, and carrying out rectification under reduced pressure, wherein the front distillate enters a front distillate tank at the tower top through the condenser at the tower top and is returned to the hydrolysis kettle for recycling, and the o-chlorobenzaldehyde is purified and then enters a liquid tank at the tower top of the tower III from the condenser at the tower top and is put into a finished o-chlorobenzaldehyde product tank for packaging.
2. The process for producing o-chlorobenzaldehyde by chlorination and rectification as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the chlorination step, hydrogen chloride gas generated in the chlorination reaction is recycled by a tower top condenser and enters a hydrochloric acid recycling system.
3. The process for producing o-chlorobenzaldehyde by chlorination and rectification as claimed in claim 1, wherein the production process comprises:
(1) Chlorination: measuring o-chlorotoluene by a feed pump, then feeding the o-chlorotoluene into a chlorination reaction tower, adding an initiator, starting a light source, starting a condenser at the top of the tower to cool water, heating the temperature to 100 ℃, feeding chlorine gas in a sectional measurement manner, controlling the reaction temperature to be 125 ℃, stopping feeding chlorine when the specific gravity of a chlorination solution reaches 1.34 under the condition of 20 ℃, putting the chlorination solution into an alkaline washing tank, quantitatively adding alkali for neutralization, measuring the pH value of the chlorination solution after starting stirring for 2 hours, stopping stirring when the pH value of the chlorination solution is =6.5, standing and layering, and then putting the chlorination solution into a chlorination solution storage tank; hydrogen chloride gas generated in the chlorination reaction is recycled by a tower top condenser and enters a hydrochloric acid recycling system;
(2) Fractional distillation: firstly, pumping a chlorination solution from a chlorination solution storage tank to a tower I, opening a steam inlet valve, heating to 145 ℃, opening a tower top condenser for cooling water, wherein chlorotoluene is purified by reduced pressure rectification and then is discharged from a tower top front cut tank to a chlorotoluene recovery storage tank, and is re-introduced into a chlorination tower for recycling, benzyl chloride at the tower top is purified by reduced pressure rectification and then is discharged from a tower top liquid tank of the tower I to a benzyl chloride finished product tank for packaging, a benzyl dichloride crude product at the tower kettle is purified, the benzyl chloride is controlled to be less than or equal to 10.0% by purification, and is discharged to a tower bottom liquid tank of the tower I after purification to be used as a feed of a tower II;
(3) And (3) rectification: pumping the purified crude product of the dichlorobenzyl from a tank of a tower I to a feeding head tank of a tower II, feeding the crude product of the dichlorobenzyl into a tower II through a rotameter, opening a steam inlet valve, heating to 145 ℃, opening a condenser at the top of the tower to cool water, recovering and purifying the ortho-chlorobenzyl chloride in the crude product of the dichlorobenzyl in the tower through reduced pressure rectification, feeding the crude product of the dichlorobenzyl into a tank of the tower II from the condenser at the top of the tower, and then putting the crude product of the dichlorobenzyl into a chlorination liquid storage tank for recycling, wherein when the content of monochlorobenzyl chloride in the dichlorobenzyl in the tower is less than or equal to 0.2%, the crude product of the dichlorobenzyl in the tower is put into the tank of the tower II for the next process;
(4) Hydrolysis and alkaline hydrolysis: pumping purified dichlorobenzyl from a liquid tank of a tower II to a dichlorosilane head tank, then putting the dichlorobenzyl into a hydrolysis kettle, adding 0.2% of active zinc oxide serving as a catalyst, starting stirring, opening condenser cooling water, heating to 125 ℃, then opening an outlet valve of the water head tank, continuously metering and dripping water, stopping hydrolysis when the content of the dichlorobenzyl is less than or equal to 0.1%, cooling to 80 ℃, quantitatively adding 30% of pure alkali liquor from the alkali liquor head tank for alkaline hydrolysis for 2-3 hours, stopping alkaline hydrolysis when the content of the monochlorobenzyl is less than or equal to 0.2%, and cooling, washing and layering to obtain crude aldehyde liquid, and putting the crude aldehyde liquid into a crude aldehyde tank for use in a refined aldehyde post of the next process;
(5) Refining: and (3) pumping the hydrolyzed crude aldehyde liquid to a tower III kettle, opening a steam inlet valve, heating to 125 ℃, opening a tower top condenser to cool water, performing reduced pressure rectification, wherein the front distillate enters a tower top front distillate groove through the tower top condenser and is returned to the hydrolysis kettle for recycling, and the o-chlorobenzaldehyde is purified and then enters a tower top liquid tank III from the tower top condenser and is put into an o-chlorobenzaldehyde finished product groove for packaging.
4. The process for producing o-chlorobenzaldehyde by chlorination and rectification as claimed in claim 3, wherein: and the chlorination reaction tower, the tower I, the tower II and the tower III are provided with steam pipelines, and the temperature is increased by adopting steam heating.
5. The process for producing o-chlorobenzaldehyde by chlorination and rectification as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the alkali added in the chlorination step is 10% of industrial liquid alkali or 10% of industrial caustic sludge.
6. The process for producing o-chlorobenzaldehyde by chlorination and rectification as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: in the chlorination step, the initiator is 0.1% of azobisisobutyronitrile.
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