CN113290884A - Composite material plate shell with thickness gradient area and forming device and method thereof - Google Patents
Composite material plate shell with thickness gradient area and forming device and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113290884A CN113290884A CN202110438048.0A CN202110438048A CN113290884A CN 113290884 A CN113290884 A CN 113290884A CN 202110438048 A CN202110438048 A CN 202110438048A CN 113290884 A CN113290884 A CN 113290884A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
- B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
- B29C70/342—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation using isostatic pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/40—Weight reduction
Abstract
The invention relates to a composite board shell with a thickness gradient area in the technical field of composite material forming, and a forming device and a method thereof, wherein the composite board shell comprises a forming die, a breathable demolding cloth, a porous isolating film, a surrounding strip, a breathable felt and a vacuum film; the prepreg is laid between the air-permeable demolding cloth and the inner surface of the forming mold, the air-permeable demolding cloth, the porous isolating film, the air-permeable felt and the vacuum film are sequentially laminated on the prepreg, the side surface of the surrounding strip is in contact with the end surface of the composite material layer, and the surrounding strip is used for preventing the composite material layer from flowing outwards; the air-permeable demolding cloth, the porous isolating film and the surrounding strip cover are arranged in the air-permeable felt, the vacuum film cover is arranged outside the air-permeable felt, and the vacuum film is connected with the surface of the forming mold in a sealing manner. According to the invention, through the design of the pressure stabilizing structural part and the adsorption structural part, the pressure area applied on the composite material layer in the manufacturing process of the plate shell is uniform, the loss of the composite material layer is ensured to be within a control range, and the manufacturing quality of the plate shell is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite material forming, in particular to a composite material plate shell with a thickness gradient area, and a forming device and a forming method thereof.
Background
At present, a great amount of high-strength composite materials are used for load-bearing structures of carrier rockets, satellites and space vehicles for aerospace, and the main advantages of the high-strength composite materials are that the composite materials have good weight reduction effect and can increase the effective load of single launch. In order to improve the structural strength and the bearing efficiency, a large wall thickness thickening area is generally arranged at a position with larger internal stress of the composite plate shell bearing part, and the continuous and smooth transition of the wall thickness from thick to thin is realized through the wall thickness gradual changing area. When the prepreg is laid to form the board shell, air is inevitably clamped between prepreg layers, and the prepreg also contains a large amount of micromolecule volatile components which are volatilized to become gas during curing. In the compression process of the prepreg, under the influence of fiber tension, the molding pressure of the thicker side of the wall thickness gradual change area of the plate shell is higher than that of the thinner side, so that gas in the thickness change area migrates from the thicker side to the thinner side and is gathered into bubbles with larger sizes. In the curing process of the large-wall thickness plate shell, the gas is difficult to be completely discharged before the resin gel, so that part of the gas is retained between layers to form a delamination defect. The process flow needs to be optimized, so that the internal gas of the prepreg can be fully discharged, and the internal quality of the plate shell can be improved.
The invention patent of CN112123810A discloses a process method for improving the forming quality of the inner part of a large-thickness composite rudder, which mainly solves the layering defect caused by the migration of a release agent into a product and the wrinkle defect caused by the hot press forming of a large-wall-thickness product press, but is not suitable for large plate and shell products formed by an autoclave.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a composite board shell with a thickness gradually-changing area and a forming device and method thereof.
The invention provides a device for forming a composite board shell with a thickness gradient area, which comprises a forming die, air-permeable demolding cloth, a porous isolating film, a surrounding strip, an air-permeable felt and a vacuum film, wherein the forming die is provided with a plurality of holes;
the prepreg is laid between the air-permeable demolding cloth and the inner surface of the forming mold, the air-permeable demolding cloth, the porous isolating film, the air-permeable felt and the vacuum film are sequentially stacked on the prepreg, the side surface of the surrounding strip is in contact with the end surface of the composite material layer, and the surrounding strip is used for preventing the composite material layer from flowing outwards;
the breathable demolding cloth, the porous isolating film and the surrounding strip cover are arranged in the breathable felt, the vacuum film cover is arranged outside the breathable felt, and the vacuum film is connected with the surface of the forming mold in a sealing mode.
In some embodiments, a platen is further included and is disposed between the apertured separator film and the airfelt.
In some embodiments, the porous release film further comprises a glue absorbing felt, wherein the glue absorbing felt is laid between the air-permeable release cloth and the porous release film.
In some embodiments, the air-permeable felt forming die further comprises an isostatic pressing block, the isostatic pressing block is attached to the side surface of the surrounding strip and located in the air-permeable felt, an isostatic pressing groove is arranged between the isostatic pressing block and the surface of the forming die, and the isostatic pressing groove is arranged in a circumferential direction of the forming die in a penetrating mode.
The invention also provides a forming method of the composite material plate shell with the thickness gradient area, and the forming device of the composite material plate shell comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning: cleaning the inner surface of the forming die and coating a release agent;
s2, paving: laying part of prepreg on the inner surface of the forming mold, sequentially enclosing the enclosing strip and the isobaric block on the side surface of the composite material layer from inside to outside, sequentially laminating the breathable demolding cloth, the porous isolating film, the breathable felt and the vacuum film on the composite material layer, and performing normal-temperature vacuum compaction operation;
s3, hot pressing: the forming device operated in the step S2 is sent into a hot pressing tank, hot compacting operation is carried out through vacuumizing, heating and pressurizing, and the air-permeable demolding cloth, the porous isolating film, the surrounding strips, the air-permeable felt and the vacuum film are removed after the hot compacting operation is finished;
s4, excess material laying: laying the rest prepreg on the composite material layer formed in the step S3, sequentially laminating the air-permeable demolding cloth, the porous isolating film, the air-permeable felt and the vacuum film on the composite material layer, enclosing the surrounding strips on the end face of the composite material layer, and performing normal-temperature vacuum compaction operation;
s5, a curing step: the forming device operated in the step S4 is sent into a hot-pressing tank, and a plate shell is formed through vacuumizing, heating, pressurizing, curing and cooling;
s6, demolding: and removing the breathable demolding cloth, the porous isolating film, the surrounding strip, the breathable felt, the vacuum film and the equal-pressure block, and demolding to form the composite board shell with the thickness gradient area.
In some embodiments, in step S2, a pressing plate is further disposed between the porous separation film and the airfelt.
In some embodiments, in step S3, a glue absorbing felt is disposed between the air-permeable release fabric and the porous separation film.
In some embodiments, the hot pressing operation in step S3 is performed once when the layer thickness of the composite material layer formed in step S2 reaches 3 to 6 mm.
In some embodiments, in step S5, the pressure application mode in the pressure curing is intermittent, and when the temperature rises to the preset temperature point, the corresponding pressure is applied, and the pressure application is changed in a stepwise manner.
The invention also provides a composite material plate shell with the thickness gradient area, which is manufactured by adopting the forming method of the composite material plate shell with the thickness gradient area.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the forming device of the composite board shell with the thickness gradient area forms a structure similar to a housing through the air felt, so that gas exhausted by the composite material layer is concentrated in the housing of the air felt and exhausted by the vacuum suction nozzle through the air felt, and the removal rate of the gas is improved.
2. The forming device of the composite material plate shell with the thickness gradient area, provided by the invention, has the advantages that through the design of the pressure stabilizing structural part and the adsorption structural part, the pressure area applied to the composite material layer in the manufacturing process of the plate shell is uniform, the loss of the composite material layer is ensured to be within a control range, and the manufacturing quality of the plate shell is improved
3. According to the forming method of the composite material plate shell with the thickness gradient area, provided by the invention, the glue absorption felt with rated absorption capacity is arranged in the composite material plate shell forming device in the hot compaction step, so that the loss of the composite material in the plate shell forming process is controlled, and the manufacturing quality of the plate shell is improved.
4. The forming method of the composite material plate shell with the thickness gradient area improves the gas emission effect in the compaction forming process of the composite material layer and the manufacturing quality of the plate shell by optimizing the hot pressing step and the position of the pressing plate
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a composite shell structure having a region of graduated thickness in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a composite shell having a region of gradual thickness change according to the present invention; (ii) a
FIG. 3 is a process flow diagram of a method of forming a composite shell having a region of graduated thickness in accordance with the present invention;
wherein the symbols in the drawings are:
1-forming die, 2-air-permeable demoulding cloth, 3-porous isolating film, 4-surrounding strip, 5-air-permeable felt, 6-vacuum film, 7-pressing plate, 8-glue-absorbing felt, 9-equal pressing block, 10-equal pressing groove, 100-composite material plate shell, 101-thickening region, 102-thickness gradient region and 103-flat-thickness region.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The invention provides a forming device of a composite material plate shell with a thickness gradient area, which is particularly suitable for a forming device of a single-curved surface or double-curved surface plate shell structure with a flange edge as shown in figures 1-2 and comprises a forming die 1, an air-permeable demoulding cloth 2, a porous isolating film 3, a surrounding strip 4, an air-permeable felt 5 and a vacuum film 6. The forming die 1 is used as a basic bearing part, and the composite material prepreg for forming the plate shell is laid on the inner surface of the forming die 1 to form a composite material layer. The shape of the forming die 1 is designed according to the shape of the plate shell to be manufactured, such as a typical structure including a hemisphere shape and a frustum shape of an outer edge platform. The surrounding strip 4 is movably arranged on the outer edge platform of the inner surface of the forming die 1, one side surface of the surrounding strip 4 is used for being in contact with the side surface of the composite material layer in a fitting mode and used for preventing the composite material layer from flowing outwards under the conditions of pressurization and/or heating, and the height of the surrounding strip 4 is higher than the thickness of the composite material layer in the contact part of the surrounding strip 4, so that the prepreg does not flow outwards. The air-permeable demoulding cloth 2, the porous isolating film 3, the air-permeable felt 5 and the vacuum film 6 are sequentially arranged on the composite material layer in a laminating way, and the air-permeable demoulding cloth 2 is in contact with the composite material layer. Meanwhile, the breathable demolding cloth 2, the porous isolating film 3 and the surrounding strip 4 are covered in the breathable felt 5, and the implementation mode of the breathable felt can be realized by pressing the edges of the breathable felt 5 on the inner surface of the forming mold 1. The vacuum film 6 is covered on the outer layer of the air-permeable felt 5 and is in sealing connection with the forming die 1, and the sealing connection can seal and press the edge of the vacuum film 6 on the inner surface of the forming die 1 through the sealing strip 11.
The working principle of the composite material plate shell forming device provided by the invention is as follows: through the pressurization heating operation, the prepreg arranged between the inner surface of the forming die 1 and the breathable demolding cloth 2 flows, the flow of the prepreg provides a driving force for bubbles positioned between prepreg layers, the prepreg in the thickness gradual change area drives the bubbles to move to a thinner uniform thickness area, the bubbles positioned in a prepreg interlayer escape through the porous isolation film 3 and are concentrated in a housing of the breathable felt, and then the gas is discharged through the vacuum suction nozzle, so that the removal rate of the bubbles is improved.
Preferably, the composite material further comprises a pressing plate 7, the pressing plate 7 is arranged between the porous isolation film 3 and the air-permeable felt 5, the pressing plate 7 has an effect of improving the flatness of the composite material layer, and mainly comprises a planar plate, a curved plate, a hyperboloid plate and the like, the planar plate can be made of steel when being the planar plate, the planar plate is mainly a single-curved plate when being the curved plate and has certain flexibility, the uniform pressing plate is made of aluminum with a thickness of 0.3mm and made of glass fiber reinforced plastics with a thickness of 0.5mm, and the uniform pressing plate formed by pressing a rubber soft film is preferably selected when being the hyperboloid plate, so that the adaptability to the molded surface is improved.
Example 2
The embodiment 2 is formed on the basis of the embodiment 1, and through the design of the pressure stabilizing structural part and the adsorption structural part, the pressure area applied to the composite material layer in the manufacturing process of the plate shell is uniform, the loss of the composite material layer is ensured to be within a control range, and the manufacturing quality of the plate shell is improved.
As shown in fig. 1-2, a glue-absorbing felt 8 with adsorption function is arranged in the composite material plate-shell forming device, and the glue-absorbing felt 8 is arranged between the air-permeable demoulding cloth 2 and the porous isolating film 3 and is used for absorbing composite material overflowing in the process of pressurizing and heating the composite material layer. The adsorption capacity of the glue felt 8 is absorbed through the design, namely the loss of the composite material is ensured within a controllable range through the design of the rated adsorption capacity of the glue felt 8, so that the using amount of the composite material of the formed plate shell is ensured, the density of the plate shell can be ensured, and the quality of the plate shell is improved.
Further, an isobaric block 9 is provided in the composite material plate-shell molding device, the isobaric block 9 is attached to the side surface of the shroud line 4, the isobaric block 9 is connected to the surface of the molding die 1, and an isobaric groove 10 is formed between the isobaric block 9 and the molding die 1. The isobaric groove 10 penetrates along the circumferential direction of the forming die 1, and when the isobaric groove 10 penetrating along the circumferential direction of the forming die 1 is vacuumized and pressurized, the isobaric groove 10 has the same pressure due to the penetrating design, so that the pressure applied to the composite material layer can be ensured to have better uniformity, and the quality of the formed plate shell is improved. The communication between the isobaric groove 10 and the outside air can be realized by arranging a micro gap on the isobaric block 9 or among a plurality of isobaric blocks 9. The pressure groove 10 is preferably arranged on the ground of the pressure equalizing block 9 and can be formed by arranging a groove. Of course, the pressure groove 10 may be provided in the molding die 1, and may be formed by covering the square pressure piece 9.
Example 3
This embodiment 3 is a method for forming a composite shell with a thickness-varying region by using the forming apparatus for a composite shell with a thickness-varying region in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2, as shown in fig. 1-3, taking a composite shell with a large wall thickness, including a hyperboloid, and a variable thickness as an example, a main body portion of the composite shell 100 to be manufactured is spherical crown shaped (hyperbolic profile), a planar flange is disposed on an outer edge of the main body, the flange and an adjacent part of a spherical surface are a thickened region 101, a main body portion thereof is referred to as a flat-thick region 103, and a distance from the thickened region 101 to the flat-thick region 103, in which the thickness is gradually reduced, is referred to as a thickness-varying region 102. The thickness of the thickened area 101 is 12mm, the thickness of the flat-thick area is 6mm, and a thickness gradual change area 102 with the length of 60mm is arranged between the thickened area 101 and the flat-thick area 103. The prepreg used by the plate shell 2 is a carbon fiber/epoxy resin system, wherein the resin is high-temperature curing epoxy resin, the gelling temperature is 120 ℃, the curing temperature is 200 ℃, and the required forming pressure is 0.8 MPa. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning and coating: cleaning the surface of the forming die 1 and coating a release agent.
S2, paving: a part of prepreg is laid on the inner surface of a forming die 1 to form a composite material layer, a surrounding strip 4 and an isobaric block 9 are sequentially surrounded on the outer side surface of the composite material layer from inside to outside, the isobaric block 9 is positioned on the outer side of the surrounding strip 4, an air-permeable demolding cloth 2, a porous isolation film 3, a pressing plate 7, an air-permeable felt 5 and a vacuum film 6 are sequentially laminated on the composite material layer, and vacuum compaction operation is carried out at normal temperature. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
the surface of the molding die 1 was layered with half the amount of the whole prepreg so that the thickness of the flat thickness region 103 became 3mm and the thickness of the thickened region 101 became 6 mm. In the laying process, once vacuum compaction operation is carried out when the thickness of a composite material layer formed by laying the prepreg is increased by 0.6-1 mm. Before the vacuum compaction operation, the surrounding strip 4 and the isobaric block 9 are sequentially surrounded on the side surface of the composite material layer from inside to outside, the air-permeable demolding cloth 2, the porous isolating film 3, the pressing plate 7, the air-permeable felt 5 and the vacuum film 6 are sequentially stacked on the composite material layer, the air-permeable felt 5 is used as a first layer of housing to cover the air-permeable demolding cloth 2, the porous isolating film 3, the surrounding strip 4 and the isobaric block 9 in the inner part, and the edge is sealed and pressed with the surface of the forming mold 1 through a sealing rubber strip. Meanwhile, the vacuum film 6 is used as a second layer of encloser positioned on the outer layer of the breathable felt 5, and the periphery of the vacuum film is sealed and pressed with the forming mold 1 through a sealing rubber strip. The vacuum pressure in the vacuum compaction operation is-0.10 to-0.090 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 1 to 48 hours.
S3, hot pressing: and (4) conveying the forming device bearing the composite material layer in the step S2 into a hot pressing tank, vacuumizing until the vacuum pressure in the bag is-0.10 to-0.090 MPa, heating to 80 ℃, pressurizing to 0.5MPa through air or nitrogen, and standing the plate shell 2 for 1-4 hours in the environment after pressurizing. And after the hot compaction is finished, the temperature in the tank is firstly reduced to 30-60 ℃, and then the pressure is released and the vacuum is stopped in sequence. After the operations of vacuumizing, heating and pressurizing are carried out and hot compaction is finished, the air-permeable demoulding cloth 2, the porous isolating film 3, the surrounding strip 4, the pressing plate 7, the air-permeable felt 5 and the vacuum film 6 are removed. In the step, the temperature in the autoclave is 40-80 ℃, the external pressure is 0.1-0.5 MPa, and the vacuum pressure in the vacuum bag is-0.10-0.090 MPa.
S4, excess material laying: and continuously laying the rest of the prepreg on the composite material layer formed in the step S3, sequentially laminating the air-permeable demolding cloth 2, the porous isolating film 3, the pressing plate 7, the air-permeable felt 5 and the vacuum film 6 on the composite material layer, enclosing the enclosing strip 4 on the end face of the composite material layer, and performing vacuum compaction operation at normal temperature. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
the surface of the forming die 1 is layered by half of the total prepreg so that the thickness of the flat thickness region is 6mm and the thickness of the thickened region is 12 mm. In the laying process, once vacuum compaction operation is carried out when the thickness of a composite material layer formed by laying the prepreg is increased by 0.8-1 mm. Before the vacuum compaction operation, the surrounding strip 4 and the isobaric block 9 are sequentially surrounded on the side surface of the composite material layer from inside to outside, the air-permeable demolding cloth 2, the porous isolating film 3, the pressing plate 7, the air-permeable felt 5 and the vacuum film 6 are sequentially stacked on the composite material layer, the air-permeable felt 5 is used as a first layer of housing to cover the air-permeable demolding cloth 2, the porous isolating film 3, the surrounding strip 4 and the isobaric block 9 in the inner part, and the edge is sealed and pressed with the surface of the forming mold 1 through a sealing rubber strip. Meanwhile, the vacuum film 6 is used as a second layer of encloser positioned on the outer layer of the breathable felt 5, and the periphery of the vacuum film is sealed and pressed with the forming mold 1 through a sealing rubber strip. The vacuum pressure in the vacuum compaction operation is-0.10 to-0.090 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 1 to 48 hours.
S5, a curing step: and (5) conveying the composite material plate shell forming device bearing the composite material layer in the step (S4) into a hot pressing tank, and performing vacuumizing, heating, pressurizing, curing and cooling to form the plate shell. Wherein, the vacuum is pumped until the vacuum pressure in the bag is-0.10 to-0.090 MPa, the heating and pressurizing curing operation is carried out, the curing pressure applying mode is intermittent stepped pressurization, namely different pressures are applied when the temperature is raised to different temperatures, and the magnitude of the applied pressure changes in a stepped manner along with the rise of the temperature, specifically: pressurizing to 0.2MPa when the temperature is raised to 80 ℃, pressurizing to 0.4MPa when the temperature is raised to 100 ℃, pressurizing to 0.8MPa when the temperature is raised to 120 ℃, continuously heating to 200 ℃ after the pressurization is finished, and standing for 2-5 hours at the temperature of 200 ℃ and the pressure of 0.8MPa to finish the curing to form the plate shell.
S6, demolding: and (4) moving the composite material plate shell forming device in the step S5 from the heating tank, removing the air-permeable demolding cloth 2, the porous isolating film 3, the surrounding strip 4, the air-permeable felt 5, the vacuum film 6, the pressing plate 7 and the pressing block 9, and separating the plate shell from the forming mold 1.
Example 4
The embodiment 4 is formed on the basis of the embodiment 3, and the gas discharge effect in the compaction forming process of the composite material layer is improved by optimizing the position of the pressing plate, so that the manufacturing quality of the plate shell is improved. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 1-3, the pressing plate 7 disposed between the porous isolation film 3 and the airfelt 5 is partially laid, the pressing plate 7 is laid only on the thickened area 101, or the pressing plate 7 is laid only on the thickened area 101 and the thickness gradient area 102, the pressure applied to the thickened area 101 and/or the thickness gradient area 102 can be effectively increased by the gravity of the pressing plate 7, the driving force for the resin to flow from the thicker area to the thinner area can be further increased under the action of pressurization or heating, particularly under the action of heating, the interlayer gas and the small molecule volatile gas in the prepreg in the thickness gradient area are driven by the driving force to flow from the thickness gradient area to the thinner equal-thickness area, and then the gas is exhausted, the gas exhaust effect of the composite material in the compacting process is increased, and the degree of compaction of the prepreg is increased.
Example 5
In this embodiment 5, the manufacturing quality of the board shell is improved by controlling the loss amount of the composite material in the process of forming the board shell by arranging the glue-absorbing felt with rated adsorption amount in the composite material board shell forming device in the hot compaction step on the basis of the embodiment 3 or the embodiment 4.
As shown in S5 in fig. 1-3, before the hot pressing step is started and before the composite board shell forming device carrying the composite material layer is sent into the hot pressing tank, a glue-absorbing felt 8 with rated adsorption capacity is arranged between the air-permeable release cloth 2 and the porous isolating film 3 for absorbing the composite material overflowing in the process of pressurizing and heating the composite material layer. Each glue-absorbing glue 8 has rated adsorption capacity, namely, the glue-absorbing felt 8 with the corresponding rated adsorption capacity is designed and used to be placed at the corresponding part of the composite material layer which is heated and compacted to absorb resin and other composite materials overflowing due to heating, so that the loss of the composite materials is ensured within a controllable range, the consumption of the composite materials of the formed board shell is further ensured, the density of the formed board shell is ensured, and the quality of the board shell is improved. The working principle is as follows: during heating, the resin in the thickness gradual change district flows to the prepreg surface outside direction, passes in the glue felt 8 of inhaling behind the ventilative drawing of patterns cloth 2, owing to inhaled the glue felt 8 outside and arranged porose barrier film 3, after inhaling glue felt 8 and reaching rated adsorption capacity, porose barrier film 3 has restricted the loss of resin to realize the ration of resin and discharge, promptly: not only can take out bubbles between layers, but also can not cause excessive resin loss
The glue-absorbing felt 6 can be designed by laminating a plurality of layers of alkali-free glass fiber fabrics, for example, the alkali-free glass fiber fabrics with the thickness of 0.6mm and the thickness of 3 layers of 0.2mm are laminated.
Further preferably, the position of the glue absorption felt 8 can be adjusted according to the thickness of the composite material layer, for example, when the wall thickness of a partial region of the finally manufactured board shell is thinner, such as less than or equal to 1.5mm, the glue absorption felt 8 is not arranged at the partial region, the glue absorption felt is arranged only at the region with the thicker wall thickness, and the resin and other materials in the region with the thinner wall thickness are in transition of loss.
Example 6
This example 6 is a composite board shell formed on the basis of any one of examples 3 to 5, and a composite board shell having a thickness gradient region is formed by the method for forming a composite board shell having a thickness gradient region as described in any one of examples 3 to 5.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. A forming device of a composite material plate shell with a thickness gradient area is characterized by comprising a forming mold (1), air-permeable demolding cloth (2), a porous isolating film (3), a surrounding strip (4), an air-permeable felt (5) and a vacuum film (6);
the prepreg is paved between the air-permeable demolding cloth (2) and the inner surface of the forming mold (1), the air-permeable demolding cloth (2), the porous isolating film (3), the air-permeable felt (5) and the vacuum film (6) are sequentially laminated on the prepreg, the side surface of the surrounding strip (4) is in contact with the end surface of the composite material layer, and the surrounding strip (4) is used for preventing the composite material layer from flowing outwards;
ventilative drawing of patterns cloth (2) porose barrier film (3) with foxing (4) cover is located in ventilative felt (5), vacuum film (6) cover is located outside ventilative felt (5), vacuum film (6) with the surface sealing of forming die (1) is connected.
2. The device for forming composite board shells with zones of graduated thickness according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a pressing plate (7), said pressing plate (7) being arranged between said perforated barrier film (3) and said airfelt (5).
3. The forming device of a composite board shell with a thickness gradient area according to claim 1, characterized in that, the device further comprises a glue absorption felt (8), and the glue absorption felt (8) is laid between the air-permeable release cloth (2) and the porous isolation film (3).
4. The forming device of the composite board shell with the thickness gradient area according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by further comprising an isostatic pressing block (9), wherein the isostatic pressing block (9) is attached to the side surface of the surrounding strip (4) and is positioned in the air-permeable felt (5), an isostatic pressing groove (10) is arranged between the isostatic pressing block (9) and the surface of the forming die (1), and the isostatic pressing groove (10) is arranged in a circumferential direction of the forming die (1) in a penetrating manner.
5. A method for forming a composite shell having a region of graduated thickness, using the composite shell forming apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
s1, cleaning: cleaning the inner surface of the forming die (1) and coating a release agent;
s2, paving: laying partial prepreg on the inner surface of the forming die (1), sequentially enclosing the enclosing strip (4) and the isostatic pressing block (9) on the side surface of the composite material layer from inside to outside, sequentially laminating the air-permeable demolding cloth (2), the porous isolating film (3), the air-permeable felt (5) and the vacuum film (6) on the composite material layer, and performing normal-temperature vacuum compaction operation;
s3, hot pressing: the forming device operated in the step S2 is sent into a hot pressing tank, hot pressing operation is carried out through vacuumizing, heating and pressurizing, and the air-permeable demolding cloth (2), the porous isolating film (3), the surrounding strips (4), the air-permeable felt (5) and the vacuum film (6) are removed after the hot pressing operation is finished;
s4, excess material laying: laying the rest prepreg on the composite material layer formed in the step S3, sequentially laminating the air-permeable release cloth (2), the porous isolating film (3), the air-permeable felt (5) and the vacuum film (6) on the composite material layer, enclosing the enclosing strip (4) on the end face of the composite material layer, and carrying out normal-temperature vacuum compaction operation;
s5, a curing step: the forming device operated in the step S4 is sent into a hot-pressing tank, and a plate shell is formed through vacuumizing, heating, pressurizing, curing and cooling;
s6, demolding: and (3) dismantling the air-permeable demolding cloth (2), the porous isolating film (3), the surrounding strip (4), the air-permeable felt (5), the vacuum film (6) and the isostatic pressing block (9), and demolding to form the composite material plate shell with the thickness gradient area.
6. The method for forming a composite shell with a gradually varying thickness region as claimed in claim 5, wherein in step S2, a pressing plate (7) is further disposed between the perforated separation film (3) and the airfelt (5).
7. The method for forming a composite shell with a gradually-varying thickness region as claimed in claim 5, wherein in step S3, a glue-absorbing felt (8) is disposed between the air-permeable release fabric (2) and the porous separation film (3).
8. The method for forming a composite shell having a thickness gradient region as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the hot pressing operation in step S3 is performed once when the thickness of the composite layer formed in step S2 reaches 3 to 6 mm.
9. The method for forming a composite material plate shell with a thickness gradually-changing region according to claim 5, wherein in step S5, the pressure application mode in the pressure curing is intermittent, and when the temperature is raised to a preset temperature point, corresponding pressure is applied, and the pressure application is changed in a stepwise manner.
10. A composite shell having a region of graduated thickness, produced by a method of forming a composite shell having a region of graduated thickness as claimed in any one of claims 6 to 9.
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