CN113289572A - Method for preparing heavy metal ion adsorbent by using fly ash aluminum extraction slag - Google Patents

Method for preparing heavy metal ion adsorbent by using fly ash aluminum extraction slag Download PDF

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CN113289572A
CN113289572A CN202110388372.6A CN202110388372A CN113289572A CN 113289572 A CN113289572 A CN 113289572A CN 202110388372 A CN202110388372 A CN 202110388372A CN 113289572 A CN113289572 A CN 113289572A
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fly ash
heavy metal
extraction slag
aluminum extraction
preparing
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汪泽华
吴代赦
徐霖浩
黄忠良
王烨
吴奇鹏
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Nanchang University
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    • B01J20/02Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
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    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
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    • B01J20/28054Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
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    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
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    • B01J20/28054Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
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Abstract

The invention provides a method for preparing a heavy metal ion adsorbent by using fly ash aluminum extraction slag, which comprises the following steps: 1) preparing materials: mixing the fly ash aluminum extraction slag, the structure inducer and the dilute alkali liquor together, adding the mixture into a reactor, and 2) reacting: adding the mixed slurry obtained in the step 1) into a closed reactor to carry out dynamic hydrothermal reaction; 3) and (3) filtering: will step withCarrying out suction filtration on the slurry obtained after the reaction in the step 2) to obtain a filter cake; 4) washing and drying: washing the filter cake obtained in the step 3) with water and ethanol for 3 times respectively, and drying to obtain the mesoporous tobermorite. The method prepares the mesoporous tobermorite from the aluminum extraction slag obtained after the alumina is extracted by the fly ash wet alkali method, and the mesoporous tobermorite has good adsorption performance on heavy metal ions in wastewater and Pb (lead) ions2+And Cd2+Has a high adsorption capacity, especially for Pb2+The adsorption rate is high, and the removal rate is high; the raw material is solid waste, other siliceous or calcareous raw materials are not needed, and the method is simple, economical and easy to implement.

Description

Method for preparing heavy metal ion adsorbent by using fly ash aluminum extraction slag
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of recycling of solid wastes, in particular to a method for preparing a heavy metal ion adsorbent by using fly ash aluminum extraction slag.
Background
The annual output of the high-alumina fly ash in China is more than 2500 million tons, so that the land is seriously occupied, the environment is seriously polluted, and the development and utilization are urgently needed. The method for extracting the alumina by using the high-alumina fly ash has great significance for the healthy development of the aluminum industry and the environmental protection in China, and is widely concerned. At present, the technologies for extracting alumina from fly ash mainly include sintering method, acid method, ammonium sulfate method, alkali wet method, and the like. Wherein, the process conditions of the alkali wet process (CN 201010565571.1 and CN 201510164903.8) are mild, the extraction rate of the alumina is high and reaches more than 90 percent, thereby not only avoiding the high-temperature condition adopted by the sintering process and the low energy consumption, but also avoiding the use of high-concentration acid and ammonium salt, and further avoiding the pollution of acid steam and NH3The discharged pollution shows good industrial application prospect. However, the main phase of the aluminum extraction slag generated by the alkali wet process is sodium calcium hydrogen silicate (NaCaHSiO)4) The content of alkali is as high as about 20 percent, and if the alkali can not be effectively utilized, secondary pollution can be caused to the environment.
Heavy metal ion wastewater seriously pollutes the environment and endangers human health, because heavy metal ions are not biodegradable and enter human bodies through the enrichment of biological chains, thus threatening the human life health. Especially Pb2+And Cd2+Separation of heavy metalsIt is highly toxic and is in urgent need of removal from waste water.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a heavy metal ion adsorbent by using fly ash aluminum extraction slag, and the mesoporous tobermorite obtained by the method has good adsorption performance on heavy metal ions in wastewater, especially on Pb2+And Cd2+The adsorption capacities of the aluminum-extracting slag and the heavy metal ion wastewater respectively reach 338.98 mg/g and 105.37 mg/g, so that the problem of environmental pollution caused by the aluminum-extracting slag and the heavy metal ion wastewater generated in the wet aluminum-extracting process of the high-alumina fly ash can be solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing a heavy metal ion adsorbent by using fly ash aluminum extraction slag comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: extracting aluminum slag from fly ash, structure inducer and Na2Mixing dilute alkali liquor with the O concentration of 1-100 g/L together, adding the mixture into a reactor, wherein the liquid-solid ratio of the dilute alkali liquor to the fly ash aluminum extraction slag is 10-30 mL/g, and the addition amount of the structural additive is 0.1-5 wt%;
(2) reaction: adding the mixed slurry obtained in the step (1) into a closed reactor to perform dynamic hydrothermal reaction, wherein the reaction temperature is 140-250 ℃, and the reaction time is 2-24 hours;
(3) and (3) filtering: carrying out suction filtration on the slurry obtained after the reaction in the step (2) to obtain a filter cake;
(4) washing and drying: and (4) washing the filter cake obtained in the step (3) with water and ethanol for 3 times respectively, and then placing the filter cake in an environment with the temperature of 80-105 ℃ for drying for 8-24 hours to obtain the mesoporous tobermorite heavy metal ion adsorbent.
Preferably, the fly ash aluminum extraction residue in the step (1) is sodium calcium hydrogen silicate NaCaHSiO obtained after extracting alumina from fly ash4The aluminum extraction slag is the main component.
Preferably, the dilute alkali solution in the step (1) is one or a mixed solution of more than two of sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate and sodium carbonate.
Preferably, the structure inducer in step (1) is sodium polyacrylate PAAS or P123 or F127.
Preferably, the closed reactor in the step (2) is a high-pressure reaction kettle or a homogeneous reactor, and the reaction pressure is 0.3-3.0 MPa.
Preferably, in the dynamic hydrothermal reaction in the step (2), stirring is continuously performed in the reaction process, and the stirring speed is 50-500 r/min.
Preferably, in the step (4), the filter cake is washed 3 times by water and ethanol respectively, the filter cake is washed 3 times by water in a counter-current manner, and then the filter cake is washed 3 times by absolute ethanol in a counter-current manner.
The method for preparing the heavy metal ion adsorbent by using the fly ash aluminum extraction slag provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the fly ash aluminum extraction slag is used as a raw material, and other siliceous or calcareous raw materials are not required to be added, so that the problem of environmental pollution caused by the aluminum extraction slag generated by the high-alumina fly ash wet-process aluminum extraction process can be relieved, and high-value resource utilization of the fly ash wet-process aluminum extraction slag is realized;
2) the mesoporous tobermorite synthesized by the method has the advantages of large specific surface area, narrow pore size distribution, strong adsorption property on heavy metal ions, and particularly strong adsorption property on Pb2+And Cd2+The adsorption capacity of the adsorbent respectively reaches 338.98 mg/g and 105.37 mg/g;
3) the mesoporous tobermorite synthesized by the invention is used for Pb2+Has a fast adsorption rate, and can adsorb 100 mg/L Pb in 2 min2+The adsorption removal rate of the catalyst reaches 99.6 percent;
4) the method is simple, does not need special equipment, is economical and easy to implement, is suitable for industrial production, has double values of environmental protection and economy, and opens up a new way for resource utilization of the aluminum extraction slag of the high-alumina fly ash by the wet method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing a heavy metal ion adsorbent by using fly ash aluminum extraction slag.
Fig. 2 is a nitrogen adsorption and desorption curve of mesoporous tobermorite prepared according to the method described in example 1.
Fig. 3 is a graph of the pore size distribution of mesoporous tobermorite prepared according to the method described in example 1.
FIG. 4 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of mesoporous tobermorite prepared according to the method described in example 1.
FIG. 5 is a silicon nuclear magnetic resonance image of mesoporous tobermorite prepared according to the method described in example 1.
FIG. 6 shows the mesoporous tobermorite versus Pb prepared according to the method described in example 12+And Cd2+Adsorption kinetics curve of (1).
FIG. 7 shows the mesoporous tobermorite versus Pb prepared according to the method described in example 12+And Cd2+Adsorption isotherm of (1).
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to several specific examples, but the following examples are only illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the claims.
Example (b): see fig. 1-7.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for preparing a heavy metal ion adsorbent by using fly ash aluminum extraction slag comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: extracting aluminum slag from fly ash, structure regulator and Na2Mixing dilute alkali liquor with the O concentration of 1-100 g/L together, adding the mixture into a reactor, wherein the liquid-solid ratio of the dilute alkali liquor to the fly ash aluminum extraction slag is 10-30 mL/g, and the addition amount of the structural additive is 0.1-5 wt%;
(2) reaction: adding the mixed slurry obtained in the step (1) into a closed reactor to perform dynamic hydrothermal reaction, wherein the reaction temperature is 140-250 ℃, and the reaction time is 2-24 hours;
(3) and (3) filtering: carrying out suction filtration on the slurry obtained after the reaction in the step (2) to obtain a filter cake;
(4) washing and drying: and (4) washing the filter cake obtained in the step (3) with water and ethanol for 3 times respectively, and then placing the filter cake in an environment with the temperature of 80-105 ℃ for drying for 8-24 hours to obtain the mesoporous tobermorite heavy metal ion adsorbent.
In the following examples, alumina was extracted from high-alumina fly ash in a wet processAluminum dross as an example, contains 32.92 wt% SiO as the main chemical component230.03 weight percent of CaO and 16.49 weight percent of Na2O。
Example 1
Extracting aluminum slag and Na from fly ash2Mixing alkali liquor with the O mass concentration of 100 g/L into slurry, wherein the liquid-solid ratio of the slurry, namely the ratio of the liquid volume to the solid mass, is 10 mL/g, and then adding 0.1 wt% of P123. Adding the obtained slurry into a reaction kettle, heating to 140 ℃, and reacting for 24 hours at the temperature with the stirring speed of 50 r/min. And after the reaction, carrying out suction filtration on the slurry, washing a filter cake for 3 times by using water and ethanol respectively, and then placing the filter cake at the ambient temperature of 80 ℃ for drying for 24 hours to obtain the mesoporous tobermorite.
Example 2
Extracting aluminum slag and Na from fly ash2Mixing alkali liquor with the O mass concentration of 1 g/L to form slurry, wherein the liquid-solid ratio of the slurry, namely the ratio of the liquid volume to the solid mass, is 30 mL/g, and then adding 5 wt% of sodium polyacrylate. Adding the obtained slurry into a reaction kettle, heating to 250 ℃, and reacting for 2 h at the temperature, wherein the stirring speed is 500 r/min. And after the reaction, carrying out suction filtration on the slurry, washing a filter cake for 3 times by using water and ethanol respectively, and then placing the filter cake in an environment at 105 ℃ for drying for 8 hours to obtain the mesoporous tobermorite.
Referring to fig. 2 to 5, the mesoporous tobermorite prepared in example 1 is detected, and the detection results are as follows:
as shown in fig. 2, the nitrogen adsorption and desorption curve of the obtained mesoporous tobermorite is type IV and has a hysteresis loop of type H3, which indicates that it has a mesoporous structure and the pore structure is a slit-like pore of the flaky aggregate particles; the pore size distribution shown in FIG. 3 is more concentrated at 5 nm, indicating that it is a mesoporous structure and has a BET specific surface area of 68.4 m2(ii)/g; FIG. 4 shows the X-ray diffraction pattern showing a phase of Ca5(OH)2Si6O16·4H2O; FIG. 5 silicon nuclear magnetic resonance image shows that it has Q in typical tobermorite1、Q2、Q3A silicate chain structure; the mesoporous tobermorite can react to 100 mg/L of Pb within 2 min2+The adsorption removal rate of the catalyst reaches 99.6 percent, and the catalyst has the effect of removing Pb2+And Cd2+The adsorption capacities of (A) were 338.98 mg/g and 105.37 mg/g, respectively.
The mesoporous tobermorite prepared in example 2 was examined by the same method to obtain the mesoporous tobermorite obtained in example 2 having a specific surface area of 50.1 m2Per g, for Pb2+And Cd2+The adsorption capacities of (A) were 266.67 mg/g and 78.32 mg/g, respectively.
In conclusion, the mesoporous tobermorite heavy metal ion adsorbent prepared by the method takes the fly ash aluminum extraction slag as a raw material, and other siliceous or calcareous raw materials are not required to be added, so that the pollution problem of the aluminum extraction slag generated by the wet aluminum extraction process of the high-alumina fly ash to the environment can be relieved, and the high-value resource utilization of the fly ash wet aluminum extraction slag is realized; the synthesized mesoporous tobermorite has large specific surface area, narrow pore size distribution and strong adsorption property on heavy metal ions, especially on Pb2+And Cd2+The adsorption capacity of the adsorbent respectively reaches 338.98 mg/g and 105.37 mg/g; synthetic mesoporous tobermorite to Pb2+Has a fast adsorption rate, and can adsorb 100 mg/L Pb in 2 min2+The adsorption removal rate of the catalyst reaches 99.6 percent; the method is simple, does not need special equipment, is economical and easy to implement, is suitable for industrial production, has double values of environmental protection and economy, and opens up a new way for resource utilization of the aluminum extraction slag of the high-alumina fly ash by the wet method.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. A method for preparing a heavy metal ion adsorbent by using fly ash aluminum extraction slag is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: extracting aluminum slag from fly ash, structure inducer and Na2Mixing dilute alkali liquor with the O concentration of 1-100 g/L together, adding the mixture into a reactor, and dilutingThe liquid-solid ratio of the alkali liquor to the fly ash aluminum extraction slag is 10-30 mL/g, and the addition amount of the structural additive is 0.1-5 wt%;
(2) reaction: adding the mixed slurry obtained in the step (1) into a closed reactor to perform dynamic hydrothermal reaction, wherein the reaction temperature is 140-250 ℃, and the reaction time is 2-24 hours;
(3) and (3) filtering: carrying out suction filtration on the slurry obtained after the reaction in the step (2) to obtain a filter cake;
(4) washing and drying: and (4) washing the filter cake obtained in the step (3) with water and ethanol for 3 times respectively, and then placing the filter cake in an environment with the temperature of 80-105 ℃ for drying for 8-24 hours to obtain the mesoporous tobermorite.
2. The method for preparing the heavy metal ion adsorbent by using the fly ash aluminum extraction slag according to claim 1, wherein the fly ash aluminum extraction slag obtained in the step (1) is sodium calcium hydrogen silicate NaCaHSiO obtained after extracting alumina from fly ash4The aluminum extraction slag is the main component.
3. The method for preparing the heavy metal ion adsorbent by using the fly ash aluminum extraction slag according to claim 1, wherein the dilute alkali solution in the step (1) is one or a mixed solution of more than two of sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate and sodium carbonate.
4. The method for preparing the heavy metal ion adsorbent by using the fly ash aluminum extraction slag according to claim 1, wherein the structure inducer in the step (1) is sodium polyacrylate PAAS or P123 or F127.
5. The method for preparing the heavy metal ion adsorbent by using the fly ash aluminum extraction slag according to claim 1, wherein the closed reactor in the step (2) is a high-pressure reaction kettle or a homogeneous reactor, and the reaction pressure is 0.3-3.0 MPa.
6. The method for preparing the heavy metal ion adsorbent by using the fly ash aluminum extraction slag according to claim 1, wherein the dynamic hydrothermal reaction in the step (2) is continuously stirred during the reaction, and the stirring speed is 50-500 r/min.
7. The method for preparing the heavy metal ion adsorbent by using the fly ash aluminum extraction slag according to claim 1, wherein the filter cake in the step (4) is washed with water and ethanol for 3 times respectively, the filter cake is washed with water in a counter-current manner for 3 times, and then the filter cake is washed with absolute ethanol in a counter-current manner for 3 times.
CN202110388372.6A 2021-04-12 2021-04-12 Method for preparing heavy metal ion adsorbent by using fly ash aluminum extraction slag Pending CN113289572A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113694897A (en) * 2021-08-27 2021-11-26 陕西科技大学 Fly ash-based layered adsorption material, and preparation method and application thereof
CN115739006A (en) * 2022-09-17 2023-03-07 西南科技大学 Tolbecco-mullite adsorbent prepared from fly ash and preparation method and application thereof

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CN104016434A (en) * 2013-03-01 2014-09-03 北京航空航天大学 Method for purifying sewage containing heavy metal by utilizing calcium metasilicate and recycling heavy metal
CN104353409A (en) * 2014-10-31 2015-02-18 陕西科技大学 Al2O3-Tob/HA compound sewage treatment material, and preparation method and application thereof

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ZEHUA WANG ET AL.: "Effective removal of Pb2+ and Cd2+ from wastewater by mesoporous tobermorite synthesized from alumina-extracted fly ash", 《DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT》 *
ZEHUA WANG ET AL.: "Effects of particle size and coating on decomposition of alumina- extracted residue from high-alumina fly ash", 《JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS》 *
雒锋等: "油页岩半焦合成多孔托贝莫来石晶体的研究", 《非金属矿》 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113694897A (en) * 2021-08-27 2021-11-26 陕西科技大学 Fly ash-based layered adsorption material, and preparation method and application thereof
CN113694897B (en) * 2021-08-27 2023-12-26 陕西科技大学 Fly ash-based layered adsorption material and preparation method and application thereof
CN115739006A (en) * 2022-09-17 2023-03-07 西南科技大学 Tolbecco-mullite adsorbent prepared from fly ash and preparation method and application thereof

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Application publication date: 20210824