CN113288344A - Medical portable ultrasonic scalpel, control system and use method - Google Patents
Medical portable ultrasonic scalpel, control system and use method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113288344A CN113288344A CN202110734598.7A CN202110734598A CN113288344A CN 113288344 A CN113288344 A CN 113288344A CN 202110734598 A CN202110734598 A CN 202110734598A CN 113288344 A CN113288344 A CN 113288344A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
- A61B17/320068—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
- A61B17/320068—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
- A61B2017/320069—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic for ablating tissue
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
- A61B17/320068—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
- A61B2017/320082—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic for incising tissue
Abstract
The invention relates to a medical portable ultrasonic scalpel and a using method thereof, belonging to the technical field of ultrasonic scalpels and aiming at solving the problems that the existing ultrasonic scalpel is not high in integration level, cannot be guaranteed to be in a resonance state and cannot feed back frequency in time; the medical portable ultrasonic scalpel consists of an ultrasonic transducer, an impedance matching module, a microcontroller, a signal generating module, a photoelectric isolation module, a power amplification module, a phase-locked loop circuit, a voltage and current sampling feedback circuit, a direct-current voltage conversion module, a direct-current booster circuit, a human-computer interaction module and a charging module; the ultrasonic scalpel is in a modularized design, so that the scalpel body, the scalpel head, the transducer and the battery are of a separable structure, can be assembled and disassembled quickly when needed, and are convenient for medical staff to store and carry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a medical portable ultrasonic scalpel, a control system and a using method, and belongs to the technical field of ultrasonic scalpels.
Background
An ultrasonic scalpel is a high-frequency electrosurgical device and is mainly used for operations such as cutting biological tissues, closing blood vessels and the like. The ultrasonic surgical knife has the characteristics of less bleeding, less damage to surrounding tissues, quick postoperative recovery and the like, is acted on human tissues to take protein coagulation as an effect end point, cannot cause side effects such as tissue drying and burning, has no current passing through the human body when the knife head works, and is widely applied to an operating room.
Outdoor operation environment is complicated, and traditional ultrasonic scalpel is bulky, and is inconvenient to carry, and needs stable 220V alternating current power supply, is difficult to accomplish quick deployment, uses fast. For this reason, a small number of people have proposed a method of making the ultrasonic scalpel portable.
The existing handheld ultrasonic scalpel driving power supply based on Boost topology only provides a miniaturized Boost topology driving power supply, but a complete frequency automatic tracking circuit is not designed, so that an ultrasonic transducer cannot be always in a resonance state, and the efficiency of surgery can be influenced finally.
In the existing development of portable ultrasonic physiotherapy instruments based on frequency automatic tracking, a set of complete portable ultrasonic scalpel is designed, but a circuit does not use a chip resistor and a chip capacitor, PCB layering processing is not carried out, the size of final equipment is large, and a display module is not designed in a paper, so that medical staff cannot visually see the current power working state of the ultrasonic scalpel.
The existing ultrasonic scalpel can only work at a fixed frequency, a gear switch for adjusting power is not designed, and two different functions of electrocoagulation and electrosection cannot be realized. As two common working modes in surgery, electrosurgery uses high-density high-frequency current to intensively heat the surface of local tissues, and electrocoagulation uses lower-frequency power and lower current density to heat bleeding and moist tissues. Therefore, a novel medical portable ultrasonic scalpel is needed, which makes up the defects of the existing ultrasonic scalpel and achieves sufficient portability and miniaturization.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems that the existing ultrasonic scalpel is not high in integration level, cannot be guaranteed to be in a resonance state and cannot feed back frequency in time, the invention provides a medical portable ultrasonic scalpel, a control system and a using method; the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the first scheme is as follows: a medical portable ultrasonic scalpel control system comprises a microcontroller, an ultrasonic transducer, a signal generation module, a power amplification module, an impedance matching network, a frequency tracking module, a direct-current power supply module and a human-computer interaction module; the microcontroller is used as a core, and a human-computer interaction module and a signal generation module which are connected with the microcontroller are used for issuing instructions through electric signals; the signal generating module is electrically connected with the power amplifying module, the impedance matching network and the ultrasonic transducer, the ultrasonic transducer outputs ultrasonic waves, sampling information is fed back to the frequency tracking module through an electric signal, and the electric signal is fed back to the microcontroller through the frequency tracking module; the direct current power supply module is responsible for supplying power for the ultrasonic scalpel.
Further, the microcontroller adopts a 32-bit microprocessor MK60DN512VLQ10 based on an ARM Cortex-M4 kernel architecture; the supply voltage of MK60DN512VLQ10 is 3.3V.
Further, the signal generation module controls a driving chip of the power MOS tube to generate a square wave signal by using an AD9851 frequency synthesizer.
Further, the direct current power supply module adopts a 12V lithium battery for power supply; a charging module and a linear voltage stabilizing module are arranged in the direct current power supply module, and the linear voltage stabilizing module comprises an AMS117-3.3 voltage stabilizer and an AMS117-5 voltage stabilizer; the charging module adopts a BQ24040 lithium battery power supply management chip.
Furthermore, the man-machine interaction module comprises a starting key and a display device, and the microprocessor outputs the radio frequency signal to the display device.
Scheme II: a medical portable ultrasonic scalpel is realized on the basis of the control system, and is characterized in that: the scalpel uses a PCB layering mode, and the whole circuit is integrated in the scalpel body under the condition of meeting the thickness requirement;
the third scheme is as follows: a method for using a medical portable ultrasonic scalpel is realized on the basis of the medical portable ultrasonic scalpel and a control system described in the first and second schemes, and is characterized in that: step one, a user starts a scalpel by starting a key;
step two, the microprocessor sends a command, and sends a signal through the signal generating module to control power, adjust impedance matching and activate the ultrasonic transducer to complete ultrasonic output;
feeding current and voltage sampling information back to the frequency tracking module by the ultrasonic transducer to record frequency information;
and step four, feeding back the frequency information to the microcontroller to form stable ultrasonic output.
Furthermore, the signal controls the power process, the signal generation module is used for generating PWM signals, action signals transmitted by the microcontroller generate PWM waves with different duty ratios, and the adjustable ultrasonic output is realized by combining the ultrasonic transducer.
Furthermore, in the impedance matching process, capacitive components in the equivalent circuit of the ultrasonic transducer are eliminated through the impedance matching network, so that the whole circuit is in a pure impedance state.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the impedance matching network is utilized to eliminate capacitive components in the equivalent circuit of the ultrasonic transducer, so that the whole circuit is in a pure impedance state, current and voltage sampling information is fed back to the processor by combining the ultrasonic transducer, the scalpel is kept in a resonance state, and two different functions of electrocoagulation and electrotomy are realized by adjusting power;
ultrasonic scalpel adopts the modularized design, therefore the integrated level is high, and wherein blade, tool bit, transducer, battery are detachable structure, can assemble rapidly when needing and dismantle, and the postoperative can be disinfected alone with each module dismantlement. The disassembled ultrasonic scalpel can be placed into a special suitcase, and medical staff can conveniently store and carry the ultrasonic scalpel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a medical portable ultrasonic scalpel;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a microprocessor of a medical portable ultrasonic scalpel;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a reset circuit;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a JTAG download emulation circuit;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a voltage conversion circuit;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a clock source circuit;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an RTC clock circuit;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an AD9851 peripheral circuit;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an elliptical low pass filter circuit;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a photo-isolation circuit;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a half-bridge circuit;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a TR2104 driver chip;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an AD8302 phase amplitude measurement circuit;
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a current sampling circuit;
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a voltage sampling circuit;
FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a 5V voltage acquisition circuit;
FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a 3.3V voltage acquisition circuit;
FIG. 18 is a schematic of a boost circuit;
FIG. 19 is a schematic circuit diagram of a key control module;
FIG. 20 is a schematic view of a display module;
in order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: a medical portable ultrasonic scalpel and a control system thereof are disclosed, which comprises an ultrasonic transducer, an impedance matching module, a microcontroller, a signal generating module, a photoelectric isolation module, a power amplification module, a phase-locked loop circuit, a voltage and current sampling feedback circuit, a direct current voltage conversion module, a direct current booster circuit, a man-machine interaction module and a charging module; the following is a detailed implementation:
(1) the ultrasonic transducer converts electric energy into mechanical vibration to cause the cutter bar of the ultrasonic cutter to vibrate longitudinally, so as to transmit the energy. During this energy conversion, the ultrasonic blade generates mechanical shock, cavitation and thermal effects. The mechanical impact can break protein hydrogen bonds, and the temperature rises at the same time, so that the biological tissue is locally liquefied and homogenized, and the tissue is torn, thereby achieving the cutting effect. In design, the series connection of the capacitance-inductance resistance can be equivalent.
(2) In the working process of the ultrasonic scalpel, due to the existence of the capacitive characteristic, the reactive power of the ultrasonic power supply can be increased, and the conversion efficiency can be lowered. In order to solve the problem, the capacitive reactance component in the equivalent circuit is eliminated by adopting a novel T-shaped matching mode, so that the circuit is in a pure impedance state as a whole.
(3) The microcontroller adopts a 32-bit microprocessor MK60DN512VLQ10 of the Feichalcar company based on an ARM Cortex-M4 kernel framework. The supply voltage of MK60DN512VLQ10 is 3.3V; microprocessor MK60DN512VLQ10 minimal system design.
(4) The frequency of the driving signal output by the ultrasonic generator is determined by a half-bridge driving control signal, the driving control signal is a square wave, and the resolution of the frequency of the square wave signal output by the PWM module of the MK60DN512VLQ10 microprocessor is far less than the accuracy requirement of a few Hertz, so that the signal generating module uses a special signal generating chip AD9851 to generate the square wave signal.
Preferably, the AD9851, due to its high degree of integration, requires only a small number of peripheral circuits to form the signal generator. The peripheral circuit mainly comprises an output square wave duty ratio adjusting circuit and a filter circuit. As shown in FIG. 8, D0-D7 are connected to PTB0-PTB7 pins of MK60DN512VLQ10, RST, CLK and FQUD pins are connected to PTA8, PTA9 and PTA10 pins, 50K omega slide rheostat R52 is used for adjusting the duty ratio of the output square wave signal, Y1 is a 180M crystal oscillator circuit, and the chip supply voltage VCC is 3.3V.
Specifically, the supply voltage of the AD9851 is 3.3V, the amplitude of the square wave signal generated by the AD9851 is 3.3V, the square wave signal is used for controlling the driving chip of the power MOS transistor, since the supply voltage required by the latter is 12V, if the two are directly connected together, the irrecoverable damage to the control circuit is easily caused, so the present embodiment adopts a measure of adding photoelectric isolation between the two to avoid the occurrence of the damage to the control circuit.
(5) In the power amplification module, because the voltage and the driving current of the square wave signal generated by the AD9851 are very small, the power of the square wave signal is far from the requirement of driving the ultrasonic transducer, and therefore the voltage and the current of the square wave signal need to be amplified, namely the power amplification is carried out. In the embodiment, a half-bridge inverter circuit is selected, and the power MOS transistor is driven by using the IR2104 chip.
(6) The phase-locked loop circuit has the advantages that dynamic equivalent parameters of a series branch of the ultrasonic piezoelectric transducer can change along with changes of parameters such as load and temperature when the ultrasonic piezoelectric transducer works, so that the resonance frequency of the series branch can change, in order to enable the transducer to work in a series resonance state all the time, an ultrasonic generator must detect the resonance frequency of the series branch of the transducer in real time, then the frequency of an output signal is adjusted to be consistent with the detected resonance frequency of the series branch of the transducer, and frequency dynamic tracking is achieved. Frequency control is typically implemented using phase-locked loop (PLL) control techniques.
Preferably, a phase comparison chip AD8302 is used, after the phase comparison is finished, the comparison result is directly sent to the microcontroller for processing, and then the microcontroller controls the frequency of the output signal of the direct digital frequency synthesizer, so that the transducer works in the series resonance state again.
(7) The voltage and current sampling feedback circuit is characterized in that the sampling circuit is used for sampling voltage signals at two ends of the transducer and current signals flowing through the transducer and then sending the voltage signals and the current signals to the phase detection circuit for phase comparison. The current sampling circuit adopts a current transformer to collect current flowing through the transducer, and the voltage sampling circuit adopts a voltage division circuit.
(8) The direct-current voltage conversion module is powered by a 12V lithium battery, and in order to convert the voltage into 3.3V and 5V which can be used by each chip, a linear voltage stabilization module needs to be designed, wherein the 3V voltage is obtained through AMS117-3.3, and the 5V voltage is obtained through AMS 117-5.
(9) The DC booster circuit is an important component of the ultrasonic knife driving power supply circuit. According to the requirement that the Boost ratio of the ultrasonic blade driving voltage is improved, a Boost circuit is adopted to provide the voltage for a half-bridge circuit after the voltage is raised.
(10) Man-machine interaction module, button module need possess the function of adjusting resonant frequency, sets for two kinds of gear frequency gears: one is a low frequency grade, which completes the electrocoagulation function to volatilize the liquid components (mainly water) of the tissue without reaching the tissue bursting degree; the other is a high-frequency gear to complete the electric cutting function, so that the tissue components of the tissue are rapidly expanded and burst to be separated, thereby realizing cutting and generating high temperature to form the hemostatic effect. In addition, a switch is set to control the on-off of the power output. The display module adopts a 1602 liquid crystal display screen, and the POWER ON word is available when the equipment is powered ON, and the POWER OFF word is available when the equipment is powered OFF;
preferably, the human-computer interaction module can also display the working state of the scalpel through a radio-frequency signal sent by the microprocessor to display equipment, and the display equipment can be mobile phones, tablet computers, display screens and other equipment supporting wireless connection.
(11) The charging module is a portable linear charging chip applied to lithium ion and lithium polymer batteries with limited area, and a power supply part of the chip can be supplied by the current mainstream USB power supply or AC power adapter, so that a special charger is not required to be carried, and the charging module is very convenient.
The second embodiment is as follows: in addition to being described by a module included in a medical portable ultrasonic scalpel, the embodiment further provides a method for using the medical portable ultrasonic scalpel, which includes the following specific operation steps:
step one, a user starts a scalpel by starting a key;
step two, the microprocessor sends a command, and sends a signal through the signal generating module to control power, adjust impedance matching and activate the ultrasonic transducer to complete ultrasonic output;
feeding current and voltage sampling information back to the frequency tracking module by the ultrasonic transducer to record frequency information;
and step four, feeding back the frequency information to the microcontroller to form stable ultrasonic output.
The method can be refined by combining the module composition of the medical portable ultrasonic scalpel:
a. the microcontroller controls the process: the microcontroller is a core processor of the ultrasonic scalpel and is responsible for receiving the driving signal sent by the phase-locked loop and forming a new action signal to be output to the signal generating module.
b. Signal generation: the signal generating module can generate PWM signals, and action signals transmitted by the microcontroller generate PWM waves with different duty ratios, so that adjustable ultrasonic output is realized.
c. Power amplification: the power amplification module can amplify the PWM signal and invert the PWM signal into an alternating current signal which can be used by the ultrasonic transducer.
d. Using an impedance matching network: the impedance matching network can eliminate capacitive components in the equivalent circuit of the ultrasonic transducer, so that the whole circuit is in a pure impedance state.
e. Frequency tracking: the frequency tracking module can receive the current signal and the voltage signal at two ends of the ultrasonic transducer, compare the phase difference of the two signals and adjust the frequency.
f. Supplying power by a direct current power supply: all elements in the circuit are powered through different direct current voltage conversion circuits.
g. The human-computer interaction process comprises the following steps: the human-computer interaction module comprises a key and a display screen, medical staff can realize the switching on and off of the equipment and the power regulation through the key, and the real-time state of the ultrasonic scalpel is detected through the display screen.
The above-mentioned embodiments, objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are further described in detail, it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made on the basis of the technical solutions of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a medical portable ultrasonic scalpel control system which characterized in that: the system comprises a microcontroller, an ultrasonic transducer, a signal generation module, a power amplification module, an impedance matching network, a frequency tracking module, a direct-current power supply module and a human-computer interaction module; the microcontroller is used as a core, and a human-computer interaction module and a signal generation module which are connected with the microcontroller are used for issuing instructions through electric signals; the signal generating module is electrically connected with the power amplifying module, the impedance matching network and the ultrasonic transducer, the ultrasonic transducer outputs ultrasonic waves, sampling information is fed back to the frequency tracking module through an electric signal, and the electric signal is fed back to the microcontroller through the frequency tracking module; the direct current power supply module is responsible for supplying power for the ultrasonic scalpel.
2. The medical portable ultrasonic scalpel of claim 1, wherein: the microcontroller adopts a 32-bit microprocessor MK60DN512VLQ10 based on an ARM Cortex-M4 kernel framework; the supply voltage of MK60DN512VLQ10 is 3.3V.
3. The medical portable ultrasonic scalpel control system of claim 2, wherein: the signal generation module controls a driving chip of the power MOS tube to generate a square wave signal by using an AD9851 frequency synthesizer.
4. The medical portable ultrasonic scalpel control system of claim 3, wherein: the direct current power supply module adopts a 12V lithium battery for power supply; a charging module and a linear voltage stabilizing module are arranged in the direct current power supply module, and the linear voltage stabilizing module comprises an AMS117-3.3 voltage stabilizer and an AMS117-5 voltage stabilizer; the charging module adopts a BQ24040 lithium battery power supply management chip.
5. The medical portable ultrasonic scalpel control system of claim 1, wherein: the man-machine interaction module comprises a starting key and a display device, and the microprocessor outputs radio frequency signals to the display device.
6. A medical portable ultrasonic scalpel realized on the basis of the control system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the scalpel uses a PCB layering mode, and the whole circuit is integrated in the scalpel body under the condition of meeting the thickness requirement.
7. A method for using a medical portable ultrasonic scalpel, which is realized on the basis of the medical portable ultrasonic scalpel and a control system thereof according to any one of claims 1-6, and is characterized in that: step one, a user starts a scalpel by starting a key;
step two, the microprocessor sends a command, and sends a signal through the signal generating module to control power, adjust impedance matching and activate the ultrasonic transducer to complete ultrasonic output;
feeding current and voltage sampling information back to the frequency tracking module by the ultrasonic transducer to record frequency information;
and step four, feeding back the frequency information to the microcontroller to form stable ultrasonic output.
8. The use method of the medical portable ultrasonic scalpel according to claim 7, wherein: the signal is used for controlling the power process, the signal generating module is used for generating PWM signals, action signals transmitted by the microcontroller generate PWM waves with different duty ratios, and the adjustable ultrasonic output is realized by combining the ultrasonic transducer.
9. The use method of the medical portable ultrasonic scalpel according to claim 7, wherein: in the impedance matching process, capacitive components in the equivalent circuit of the ultrasonic transducer are eliminated through the impedance matching network, so that the whole circuit is in a pure impedance state.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116807567A (en) * | 2023-08-29 | 2023-09-29 | 深圳臣诺医疗器械有限公司 | Ultrasonic knife shearing control system and method adaptive to different tissues of human body |
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2021
- 2021-06-30 CN CN202110734598.7A patent/CN113288344A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116807567A (en) * | 2023-08-29 | 2023-09-29 | 深圳臣诺医疗器械有限公司 | Ultrasonic knife shearing control system and method adaptive to different tissues of human body |
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