CN113284372A - Method for evaluating space utilization right required by aircraft operation - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for evaluating space utilization right required by aircraft operation, which comprises the following steps: the concept of space utilization right required by aircraft operation is defined, and a specific implementation method is proposed and comprises three parts of division of a space utilization right protection area, determination of priority of the aircraft space utilization right and optimization of a flight conflict management process. The method comprises the steps of determining a space utilization right protection zone and an aircraft space utilization right priority, enumerating influence factors of the space utilization right protection zone and the aircraft space utilization right priority, carrying out weight distribution and grade division on the extracted influence factors, and bringing the influence factors into an evaluation formula to obtain corresponding evaluation indexes. And (4) providing an optimized flight conflict management flow by combining the concept of space utilization right required by the operation of the aircraft. Based on the method and the system provided by the invention, the flight conflict management can be effectively enhanced, the airspace utilization efficiency is improved, and the fusion operation of various aircrafts is promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for evaluating space utilization right required by aircraft operation, in particular to a method for establishing and evaluating space utilization right concept required by aircraft operation and optimizing a flight conflict management process.
Background
In the aspect of the material weight method, the space refers to a certain range of three-dimensional positions above and below the ground. The right to the right of ownership and utilization of space is the right of space. The traditional space rights are subject to the space above and below the ground and the space range in the ground, and exist based on the rights of the right person to the ground and the ownership or use rights of the building, so that the rights of interest in the property right law are formed. The space utilization right in such a situation is a right set only for the space above or below the ground surface, and does not relate to management of the space utilization right required for the operation of vehicles such as aircrafts. For the aircraft controlled by the owner, the owner is also required to have corresponding space usage rights for smooth operation. If the concept of establishing the space utilization right required by the aircraft operation can be based on the traditional space right, the definition of the related right relation can be facilitated. Establishing a corresponding space protection area on the basis of the concept can further define the space range of the space utilization right.
Under the current traditional air traffic management mode, the space utilization right and the concept of the corresponding protection area do not exist. Therefore, in order to enhance the management of flight conflicts, improve the utilization efficiency of airspace, and support the fusion operation of multiple aircrafts, there is an urgent need to establish a concept of space utilization right required by the operation of aircrafts and a method for evaluating the space utilization right.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical scheme of the invention provides a method for evaluating the space utilization right required by the operation of an aircraft, which is used for solving the problems of non-intelligent conflict management, low airspace utilization efficiency and the like in the current aircraft operation.
In order to solve the above problem, the present invention provides a method for evaluating space right of use required by aircraft operation, the method comprising:
the concept of space utilization required by the aircraft operation is defined as follows: to ensure the safety and efficiency of aircraft operation, the righter has exclusive access to a particular space.
Preferably, the space utilization right is set according to the operation requirement of the aircraft and moves along with the movement of the aircraft, and is in a relatively dynamic changing state; this right of use is the right the licensee has to use the space required for the operation of the aircraft, provided that the operating space authority allows the aircraft to comply with the flight plan and the associated regulatory requirements. The righter of the space utilization right is an actual operation controller using the space aircraft, and can be a legal person or a natural person.
According to the concept of the space utilization right required by the operation of the aircraft, the analysis for obtaining the space utilization right required by the operation of the aircraft has the characteristics that:
multidimensional property: the space utilization required for aviation operation includes both space and time dimensions.
The dynamic property: since the aircraft is in motion, the space utilization required for the operation of the aircraft is the airspace space and time range that change continuously along with the operation of the aircraft. When the aircraft is in a hovering state for a period of time, the required space utilization of the aircraft is in a relatively static state; when the aircraft is in a continuous motion state, the required space utilization right of the aircraft is in a relatively dynamic state, and the magnitude and the shape of the space utilization right are related to the motion vector such as the speed, the acceleration and the like.
Coordination: the space usage rights required for the operation of the aircraft are rights determined around the nature of the operation of the aircraft. When the rights requirements conflict, the rights allocation mechanism and the conflict coordination and resolution mechanism are started.
The flight conflict management method based on the space utilization right required by the operation of the aircraft specifically comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of dividing a space utilization right protection area, determining the priority of the space utilization right of an aircraft, and optimizing a flight conflict management process.
The aircraft space utilization right protection area is divided into three layers, the outermost layer is a sensing space, the middle layer is an alarm space, and the innermost layer is an avoidance space layer.
Preferably, the outermost layer of the protection zone is an area where the aircraft has the ability to sense nearby objects, especially approaching intruding objects (such as the aircraft), and the area provides a space for sensing the state of objects such as surrounding aircraft for safe operation of the aircraft;
preferably, the middle layer is an alarm space which provides the space required for the alarm for the intruding and continuously approaching object;
preferably, the innermost layer of the protection area is an avoidance space required by avoidance measures for avoiding collision of the aircraft with an intruding object, and the aircraft in the avoidance space can be avoided in different modes.
The space right protection areas of different aircrafts are different. The size of the space utilization protection area for each particular aircraft depends on a number of factors. The factors influencing the range of the space utilization right protection area include: the navigation performance of the aircraft itself, the maneuvering capabilities of the aircraft, the weight of the aircraft itself, the speed of the aircraft, mission attributes of the aircraft, and the like.
Grading the enumerated influence factors of the space utilization right protection area, and assigning the influence factors of different grades, wherein the assignment of the influence factors adopts the following mode: the evaluation grade is 1 for the influence factor with grade I; the evaluation grade is 2; the influence factor whose evaluation grade was grade III was assigned a value of 3.
Calculating the evaluation index of the space utilization right protection area by adopting the following formula:
wherein EiAssigned sizes, P, for different influencing factorsiAnd the weight is corresponding to the ith influence factor.
For the calculated evaluation index alpha epsilon [3,2.5 ∈ ]]Space required for class A flight, i.e. LD>20LW>50LA(ii) a For the calculated evaluation index α ∈ (2.5, 2)]Space required for class B flight, i.e. LD>10LW>25LA(ii) a For the calculated evaluation index α ∈ (2, 1)]Space required for class C flight, i.e. LD>5LW>10LA。
When the space utilization right protection zones are established for different aircrafts and the aircrafts approach each other, collision is possible to occur between the protection zones, and the priority between the space utilization rights of the aircrafts is determined so as to resolve the occurrence of the collision.
The determination of the aircraft space utilization priority should take into account the nature of the tasks performed, the number of people, the mobility, the emergency force-down capability.
Grading enumerated aircraft space utilization priority influence factors, and assigning influence factors of different grades, wherein the assignment of the influence factors adopts the following mode: the evaluation grade is 1 for the influence factor with grade I; the evaluation grade is 2; the influence factor whose evaluation grade was grade III was assigned a value of 3.
Calculating an aircraft space utilization priority evaluation index by adopting the following formula:
wherein FjAssigned magnitudes for different influencing factors, QjThe weight corresponding to the jth influence factor.
The calculated evaluation index beta belongs to [3,2.5] is the priority flight level; the general priority flight level is set for the calculated evaluation index β ∈ (2.5, 2), and the non-priority flight level is set for the calculated evaluation index β ∈ (2, 1).
Based on another aspect of the present invention, a flight conflict management optimization process is provided, where the process includes: in the step of making a flight plan, the prediction of potential flight conflicts is realized through big data analysis of the electronic flight plan, and the conflicts are avoided through adjusting the flight plan; during the flight operation, if a new flight conflict is caused due to the fact that tasks are changed or the new flight conflict is not implemented according to the plan due to other reasons, an adjustment scheme of the flight plan is provided through automatic analysis of the system, and the adjustment scheme is decided and executed manually or systematically; if the aircrafts approach each other in actual operation, by means of the concept of a space utilization right protection area and in combination with a detection technology, the collision of the aircrafts can be warned, and necessary avoidance measures can be taken according to the emergency degree of the collision; in a particularly emergency situation, an aircraft with a low priority may even adopt a self-descending or self-damaging manner to avoid an aircraft with a high priority.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a space right-of-use protection area required by the operation of an aircraft provided by the invention.
Fig. 2 is a flight conflict management optimization process provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical contents of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
In order to solve the problems of non-intelligent conflict management and low airspace use efficiency faced by the current aircraft operation, the invention provides a method for evaluating the space utilization right required by the aircraft operation, and a flight conflict management optimization flow is formed by defining the concept of the space utilization right, dividing a space utilization right protection area and determining the priority of the aircraft.
The concept of space utilization required by the aircraft operation is defined as follows: to ensure the safety and efficiency of aircraft operation, the righter has exclusive access to a particular space. The space utilization right required by the aircraft operation has the characteristics of multi-dimension, dynamic property and coordination.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a space right-of-use protection area required by the operation of an aircraft provided by the invention. The design of the space utilization right protection area can divide the space into three layers: a perception space, an alarm space and an avoidance space. The outermost layer of the protection zone is an area where the aircraft has the ability to sense nearby objects, particularly approaching intruding objects (such as the aircraft), so that space for sensing the state of the surrounding aircraft and other objects is provided for safe operation of the aircraft. Within the sensing volume is an alerting volume which provides the aircraft with the space required for alerting against intruding and constantly approaching objects. The innermost layer of the protection zone is an avoidance space required by the aircraft to avoid collision with an intruding object and take avoidance measures. Within the warning space is an avoidance space, in which the aircraft can carry out avoidance in different ways, for example, the avoidance is realized by the aircraft system or the air traffic control system through prompting of the aircraft system or the air traffic control system by a driver manually operating the aircraft, or the avoidance is realized by the aircraft automatic driving instructed by the calculation result of the collision avoidance system or the air traffic control system computer of the aircraft.
The avoidance space is a core area of the airspace utilization right required by the aircraft to run, and the right-holder can have exclusive right to the avoidance space. When this right is violated, the aircraft will face an immediate safety risk, requiring avoidance measures to mitigate the risk. The warning space and the perception space do not have exclusive attributes for the aircraft, but provide the aircraft with the capability range of perceiving other invading objects, and also provide the warning space facing other approaching objects, thus being the hierarchical guarantee of the space utilization right required by the aircraft.
The space right protection areas of different aircrafts are different. The size of the space utilization protection area for each particular aircraft depends on a number of factors. The factors influencing the range of the space utilization right protection area include: the navigation performance of the aircraft itself, the maneuvering capabilities of the aircraft, the weight of the aircraft itself, the speed of the aircraft, mission attributes of the aircraft, and the like.
Grading and weight distribution are carried out on the enumerated influence factors of the space utilization weight protection area, and assignment is carried out on the influence factors of different grades, wherein the assignment of the influence factors adopts the following mode: the evaluation grade is 1 for the influence factor with grade I; the evaluation grade is 2; the influence factor whose evaluation grade was grade III was assigned a value of 3. The influence factors of the unmanned aircraft are specifically described and assigned as follows:
calculating the evaluation index of the space utilization right protection area by adopting the following formula:
wherein EiAre different from each otherAssigned size of influencing factor, PiAnd the weight is corresponding to the ith influence factor.
For the calculated evaluation index alpha epsilon [3,2.5 ∈ ]]Space required for class A flight, i.e. LD>20LW>50LA(ii) a For the calculated evaluation index α ∈ (2.5, 2)]Space required for class B flight, i.e. LD>10LW>25LA(ii) a For the calculated evaluation index α ∈ (2, 1)]Space required for class C flight, i.e. LD>5LW>10LA。
When the space utilization right protection zones are established for different aircrafts and the aircrafts approach each other, collision is possible to occur between the protection zones, and the priority between the space utilization rights of the aircrafts is determined so as to resolve the occurrence of the collision.
The determination of the aircraft space utilization priority should take into account the nature of the tasks performed, the number of people, the mobility, the emergency force-down capability.
Grading enumerated aircraft space utilization priority influence factors, and assigning influence factors of different grades, wherein the assignment of the influence factors adopts the following mode: the evaluation grade is 1 for the influence factor with grade I; the evaluation grade is 2; the influence factor whose evaluation grade was grade III was assigned a value of 3. The influence factors of the unmanned aircraft are specifically described and assigned as follows:
calculating an aircraft space utilization priority evaluation index by adopting the following formula:
wherein FjAssigned magnitudes for different influencing factors, QjThe weight corresponding to the jth influence factor.
The calculated evaluation index beta belongs to [3,2.5] is the priority flight level; the general priority flight level is set for the calculated evaluation index β ∈ (2.5, 2), and the non-priority flight level is set for the calculated evaluation index β ∈ (2, 1).
The concept of the space utilization right protection area is introduced, so that the detection and avoidance capacity required by the aircraft can be guaranteed while airspace resources are flexibly used at a tactical level, the conflict management capacity of the whole operation system is improved, and the concept and the method of managing conflicts at the strategic level are influenced from bottom to top.
Firstly, in the step of making a flight plan, the prediction of potential flight conflicts is realized through the big data analysis of the electronic flight plan, and the conflicts are avoided through the adjustment of the flight plan. Secondly, during the flight operation, new flight conflicts are caused due to task changes or other reasons which are not implemented according to the flight plan, and then the adjustment scheme of the flight plan is provided through automatic analysis of the system, and is decided and executed manually or by the system. Finally, if the aircrafts approach each other in actual operation, by means of the concept of the space utilization right protection area and the combination of the detection technology, the aircraft collision can be warned, and necessary avoidance measures can be taken according to the emergency degree of the collision (see fig. 2); in particularly emergency situations, even aircraft with low priority (e.g., small unmanned aircraft) may be taken from descent (auto-landing) or from damage (e.g., maneuvers beyond structural limits, actively breaking the structure of the body, etc.) to avoid aircraft with high priority (e.g., manned aircraft).
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present application may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the application being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (3)
1. A method for evaluating space utilization right required by aircraft operation is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method specifically comprises the steps of dividing a space utilization right protection area, determining the priority of the space utilization right of the aircraft, and optimizing a flight conflict management process;
the dividing of the space utilization right protection area comprises the following steps: perception space LDAlarm space LWAvoiding space LA；
The space utilization right protection areas of different aircrafts are different in range; for each aircraft, the factors affecting the extent of the space right protection zone are: the navigation performance of the aircraft, the maneuvering capability of the aircraft, the weight of the aircraft, the speed of the aircraft and the mission attributes of the aircraft;
grading the enumerated influence factors of the space utilization right protection area, and assigning the influence factors of different grades, wherein the assignment of the influence factors adopts the following mode: the evaluation grade is 1 for the influence factor with grade I; the evaluation grade is 2; assigning a value of 3 to the influence factor with the evaluation grade of III;
the determination of the space utilization priority of the aircraft takes the executed task attribute, the number of people, the maneuvering capability and the emergency forced landing capability into consideration;
grading enumerated aircraft space utilization priority influence factors, and assigning influence factors of different grades, wherein the assignment of the influence factors adopts the following mode: the evaluation grade is 1 for the influence factor with grade I; the evaluation grade is 2; assigning a value of 3 to the influence factor with the evaluation grade of III;
optimizing a flight conflict management process, specifically comprising: based on the detection sensing module of the aircraft and the evaluation index of the space utilization right protection area in claim 3, if the intrusion of the aircraft into the warning area is found, a warning is given, if the intrusion of the aircraft into the avoidance area is further found, whether the unmanned aircraft exists on the part of the conflict is judged, the unmanned aircraft is avoided in a maneuvering flight mode, if the maneuvering flight mode cannot avoid the conflict, the unmanned aircraft with lower priority in the evaluation index of the space utilization right priority of the aircraft is avoided in a self-descending or self-damaging mode, and the utilization level of airspace resources and the fine management level are improved.
2. The method for evaluating the space utilization right required by the operation of the aircraft according to claim 1, wherein: calculating the evaluation index of the space utilization right protection area by adopting the following formula:
wherein EiAssigned sizes, P, for different influencing factorsiThe weight corresponding to the ith influence factor;
for the calculated evaluation index alpha epsilon [3,2.5 ∈ ]]Space required for class A flight, i.e. LD>20LW>50LA(ii) a For the calculated evaluation index α ∈ (2.5, 2)]Space required for class B flight, i.e. LD>10LW>25LA(ii) a For the calculated evaluation index α ∈ (2, 1)]Space required for class C flight, i.e. LD>5LW>10LA。
3. The method for evaluating the space utilization right required by the operation of the aircraft according to claim 1, wherein: calculating an aircraft space utilization priority evaluation index by adopting the following formula:
wherein EjAssigned sizes, P, for different influencing factorsjThe weight corresponding to the jth influence factor;
the calculated evaluation index beta belongs to [3,2.5] is the priority flight level; the general priority flight level is set for the calculated evaluation index β ∈ (2.5, 2), and the non-priority flight level is set for the calculated evaluation index β ∈ (2, 1).
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