CN113283743A - Method for judging habitat threshold values of different ecological restoration types in drainage basin - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for judging habitat threshold values of different ecological restoration types in a drainage basin, which comprises the steps of screening key organism groups according to the gradient distance of the group structure by analyzing the characteristics of three groups of phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthos in a community structure of an ecological system, and then screening environment driving factors of group structure changes in different habitats by combining environment variables; and determining the threshold range of the change of the habitat of the ecological system through generalized enhanced regression model analysis and mutation point analysis, and judging the state of the healthy ecological system. The water ecological system habitat threshold value is used for carrying out appropriate habitat evaluation on the water environment, indexes of habitat characteristics and habitat change trends can be dynamically evaluated, and the ecological restoration method has high guiding value for developing ecological restoration; meanwhile, the method is also an important basis for long-term maintenance and management of the healthy ecological system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a treatment method for basin ecological restoration, in particular to a method for judging habitat thresholds of different ecological restoration types in a basin
Background
The habitat threshold of an aquatic ecological environment refers to the key value of an independent variable when the aquatic ecological environment jumps from one steady state to another, and the habitat threshold of the aquatic ecological environment generally has the characteristics of nonlinearity and multiple transitions. At present, the method for judging the threshold values of different water bodies in a drainage basin is few, and related researches mainly focus on threshold value analysis in lake alga type-grass type steady state conversion and definition of water body ecological threshold values. The method is usually a pattern threshold value, is complex, needs long-time-scale complete data (such as physical structure of a water area, hydrological conditions, water quality conditions, artificial activity intensity, functions of lakes and rivers and the like), has a complex index screening process and large workload, and can perform mechanism analysis or process inversion on the generated steady state pattern conversion.
In actual ecological restoration decision and water body management, local heavy polluted or eutrophic water bodies in a flow area are usually targeted, corresponding complete data on a long-time scale are deficient, and meanwhile, the improvement of the habitat is also influenced by various factors and is not achieved by kicking on, so that the traditional pattern threshold is difficult to apply.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of a pattern threshold method in habitat threshold judgment, and provides a method for judging habitat thresholds of different ecological restoration types in a drainage basin.
The invention uses the ecological system community structure in the habitat as an entry point, relates to three groups of phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthos, and firstly judges species selection according to the availability and sensitivity in threshold analysis, namely, selects and judges key biological groups according to the data integrity of the biological groups and the population structure gradient distance of each biological group in the habitat. Under the condition of determining the key biological group, qualitative and quantitative indexes capable of representing the biological group structure are determined through comparative analysis of multiple indexes, and then the main environmental driving factors of main group structure change in different habitats are screened by combining environmental variables. And finally, determining specific threshold values of the community structure change processes in different habitats through inflection point analysis on the basis of obtaining the main driving factors of each type of habitat.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for judging habitat threshold values of different ecological restoration types in a drainage basin comprises the following steps:
1) selection of survey point location and environmental factor and water ecological index survey
Different types of habitats of similar water bodies in the drainage basin are selected as investigation points, and the investigation points cover various specific habitats such as health, good, medium, poor, extreme difference and the like, so that the gradient distance of the population structure is enlarged, and the subsequent threshold analysis is facilitated. For example, for rural river channel types, the survey site can cover 4 types of habitats such as agricultural non-point source pollution river channels, post-remediation community river channels, water-passing river channels, hilly areas, and the like. A recommended survey point location selection method can be used for various water quality types of habitats from class I to class V according to different water qualities of similar water bodies in an area.
And after the survey point location is determined, surveying the environmental factors and the water ecological indexes. The environmental factors include various water quality indexes, and the water ecology indexes include biological groups such as phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthos and the like.
Further, the environmental factors include at least conductivity, ammonia nitrogen, chlorophyll, oxidation-reduction potential, nitrate and nitrite, total nitrogen, phosphate, dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus, COD, transparency, and the like.
Further, the biological group of the water ecological index comprises phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthos, and the characterization index is an index for characterizing the community structure and comprises (i) the species Richness (Richness); and the diversity Index comprises one or more of Shannon-Wiener Index, dominance Index Simpson Index and uniformity Index Pielou Index. An index (Total Biomass) characterizing the overall Biomass may also be selected as a reference.
2) Selection of key biological groups
And (3) performing species composition analysis on the biological groups of the survey points, selecting the biological groups which have complete data in time (different seasons) and space (different points) and have enough ecological community structure difference under different habitat conditions, for example, the biological groups with the longest first axis length on a species composition analysis chart are used as key biological groups for threshold value determination analysis.
The selection principle of key biological groups mainly has three points: the integrity of the structural composition data of the biological community is ensured, namely, the biological community has sufficient point location distribution in various different habitats and seasonal time integrity, and in addition, the integrity is ensured on species identification analysis. Secondly, the sensitivity of the group under the habitat needs to be ensured, namely the ecological indexes of the group can effectively and quickly respond to the environmental changes. Thirdly, the group biological community structure is ensured to have enough ecological gradient distance (time is changed by space) under the ecological condition so as to be beneficial to the analysis of the threshold value.
3) Environmental factor screening and contribution rate analysis
For key biological groups, carrying out classification regression analysis on environmental factors and water ecological indexes representing different types of habitats obtained from each survey point by adopting a Generalized enhanced regression model (GBM), screening the environmental factors and analyzing the index contribution rate by an iterative algorithm, sequencing the environmental factors according to the contribution rate of the water ecological indexes, and sequentially selecting one or more environmental factors at the first 3 bits of sequencing as an environmental driving factor; and fitting to obtain response curves of the water ecological indexes of different types of habitats to the environmental driving factors within the variation range of the environmental driving factors.
Preferably, the environmental driving factor selects an environmental factor with a contribution rate of 10% or more.
Further, GBM analysis may be performed using the GBM package of the R language platform.
4) Determination of threshold values
Carrying out mutation point (Changepoint) analysis on different types of habitats according to the key biological group and the environmental driving factor selected in the step 3), fitting a change curve of water ecological indexes along with the environmental driving factor, determining an inflection point of the environmental driving factor, and determining a threshold range of the change of the habitat community structure.
Further, mutation point analysis can be performed through the changepoint program package of the R language platform.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for judging the habitat threshold values of different ecological restoration types in the watershed, disclosed by the invention, judges the habitat threshold value of the aquatic ecological environment by taking the community structure of an ecological system in the habitat as an entry point and taking space time change, namely, taking the gradient distance of the population structure in similar habitats in the same region as a reference. The method adopts a process threshold, simplifies the analysis process, not only improves the operability of judging the habitat threshold, but also can dynamically evaluate the index of the habitat characteristic and the habitat change trend. In effect, on one hand, the habitat indexes of the ecological system in a specific water area can be dynamically evaluated in real time through the judgment of the habitat threshold of the water ecological system, and the good and bad trend of the habitat conditions is defined; on the other hand, early warning is carried out on the degradation of the ecological system, so that the death of aquatic animals and plants caused by water quality pollution or water ecological degradation is avoided through early intervention, decision basis is provided for developing ecological restoration measures in a more targeted manner, and the method is an important basis for realizing long-term maintenance and management of the healthy ecological system.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. It is intended that the scope of the invention be limited not by this detailed description, but rather by the claims appended hereto.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of monitoring point locations of rural river channels in the Taihu river basin.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of analysis of species composition of zooplankton in the rich water period in various biological groups in the rural river.
FIG. 3 analysis of relative influence rate of environmental factors on the zooplankton Richness;
in the figure, EC: electrical conductivity; NH 4: ammonia nitrogen; chla: chlorophyll; ORP: oxidation-reduction potential; NOX: nitrates and nitrites; TN: total nitrogen; PO 4: a phosphate salt; DO: dissolving oxygen; TP: total phosphorus; COD: permanganate index; SD: and (4) transparency.
FIG. 4 trend of the zooplankton Richness as a function of the major environmental drivers.
Fig. 5 shows the trend of zooplankton Richness along with conductivity in hilly areas, non-point source areas of farmlands, remediated community river areas, and water river areas.
Detailed Description
According to the method for judging the habitat threshold values of different ecological restoration types in the watershed, the community structure of the ecological system is used as an entry point, species selection is firstly carried out according to the availability and the sensitivity in threshold value analysis, namely, the species are selected according to the data integrity of the biological groups and the population structure gradient distance of each biological group in the habitat. Under the condition of determining the biological group, qualitative and quantitative indexes capable of representing the biological group structure are determined through comparative analysis of multiple indexes, and then main group structure change environmental factors in the environment are screened in combination with environmental variables. And finally, on the basis of obtaining the main environment driving factors of the habitats, performing inflection point analysis on community structure change thresholds in different habitats of each type to determine specific thresholds of the community structure change thresholds.
Taking the change of the population structure of the rural river in the lake and river area as an example, the method for judging the habitat threshold values of different ecological restoration types comprises the following steps:
1) selection of survey point location and environmental factor and water ecological index survey
Selecting a plurality of rural river channels on the west bank of the Taihu lake basin as point locations (as shown in figure 1), and carrying out three-phase investigation of abundance, smoothness and withering. The selected rural river channel types relate to 4 types of habitats such as agricultural non-point source pollution river channels, rectified community river channels, water passing river channels, hilly areas and the like. Or selecting a plurality of water quality types from I type to inferior V type in the surface water standard according to the water quality types. The principle of the selection of survey point sites is as follows: different types of habitats of similar water bodies in the area are selected, and various specific habitats in the ranges of health, good, medium, poor, extreme difference and the like are covered, so that the population structure gradient distance in different habitats of the survey point location is enlarged, and the subsequent threshold analysis is facilitated.
The investigation content comprises various water quality indexes and water ecology indexes. Wherein the water quality indexes comprise conductivity EC, ammonia nitrogen NH4, chlorophyll Chla, oxidation-reduction potential ORP, nitrate and nitrite NOX, total nitrogen TN, phosphate PO4, dissolved oxygen DO, total phosphorus TP, COD, transparency SD and the like. The biological group of the water ecological index comprises phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthos, the characterization index is an index for characterizing the structure of the group, and in order to fully reflect different aspects of the structure of the group, the index for characterizing the structure of the group comprises one or more of the following: (ii) Richness of species (Richness); secondly, representing diversity indexes of community structures: diversity Index (Shannon-Wiener Index, dominance Index Simpson Index, uniformity Index Pielou Index). An index (Total Biomass) characterizing the overall Biomass may also be selected as a reference.
Data for the indicators may be from historical data, or collected through environmental monitoring and surveys.
2) Selection of key biological group in community structure of rural river channel ecosystem
The method takes the structure of the ecosystem community as an entry point, wherein the analyzed species are selected according to availability and sensitivity, namely the species are selected according to the data integrity of the biological groups and the population structure gradient distance of each biological group in the habitat.
And (4) performing species composition analysis on the biological groups of the survey sites by using R language software. The biological group data obtained from the survey points are relatively perfect, but the effective data of the benthic organism group in the normal water period and the rich water period are less, so that the benthic organisms are removed as entry points of the biological community structure of the rural river channel for threshold determination. According to species composition analysis, the length of the first axis of the zooplankton in the rich water period (figure 2) is longer, and is obviously longer than the length of the first axis of the structural analysis of the plateau, the withered period and the phytoplankton (sketch), which indicates that larger community structural differences exist, and is beneficial to screening of community structural change thresholds, therefore, the zooplankton in the rich water period is used as a key biological group to perform relevant analysis for determining the thresholds.
3) Rural river channel environmental factor screening and contribution rate analysis
For the determined key biological group-zooplankton in the rich period, the environmental factors and water ecological indexes obtained from each survey point representing different types of habitats are analyzed by adopting a Generalized enhanced Regression model (GBM). The generalized enhanced regression model is a supervised machine learning model, combines a classification model and a regression model, and can perform screening of indexes and analysis of contribution rate through an iterative algorithm. The GBM analysis is performed using the GBM package of the R language platform.
Based on the analysis results of the generalized enhanced regression model, the environmental factors were ranked by motile species Richness (Richness) contribution rate (fig. 3). As shown in fig. 3, in the rich water period (7 months) of the rural river, the Richness (Richness) of zooplankton species is mainly affected by environmental factors such as conductivity, ammonia nitrogen and chlorophyll, wherein the conductivity is the most important influencing factor, and affects the change of the Richness (Richness) of zooplankton species by 34.9%, and the ammonia nitrogen affects the change of the Richness (Richness) of zooplankton species by 16.3%, the contribution rate of chlorophyll to the change of the Richness of zooplankton species is 14.2%, in addition, the pH value also has certain influence, and the influence of other factors to the Richness of zooplankton species is less than 10%.
The response curve of the zooplankton richness to the first 3 environmental factors is shown in fig. 4. It can be seen (FIG. 4, first from the top, the horizontal axis is the square root of the conductivity uS/cm), that when the conductivity is 200-300uS/cm, the zooplankton richness has a small increase, a significant decrease during 400-500uS/cm and two significant increases between over 500-700 uS/cm. For another example, the zooplankton richness fluctuates with ammonia nitrogen to a smaller extent, but the overall fluctuation amplitude is smaller than the conductivity.
Similarly, each environmental factor can be ranked according to its contribution rate to other water ecological indicators according to the generalized enhanced regression model analysis (the influence rate graph and the response curve are omitted).
The zooplankton aroma diversity index in the rich water period (7 months) of the rural river channel is mainly influenced by conductivity, chlorophyll, ammonia nitrogen and the like, wherein the conductivity is the most main influence factor and influences the change of the zooplankton aroma diversity index by 50.4%, and the contribution rates of the ammonia nitrogen and the chlorophyll to the change of the zooplankton aroma diversity index are 9.6% and 9.5%, which are less than the contribution to Richness. According to the response curve of the zooplankton aroma diversity index to the first 3 environmental factors, the influence of the conductivity is similar to the influence trend of the conductivity on Richness, but the influence of ammonia nitrogen and chlorophyll becomes smaller.
The zooplankton simpson diversity index of the rural river in the water-abundance period (7 months) is mainly influenced by conductivity, oxidation-reduction potential, chlorophyll and the like, wherein the conductivity is the most main influence factor and influences the change of the zooplankton simpson diversity index by 48.8 percent, and the influence of the oxidation-reduction potential is the second, the contribution rate is 18.7 percent, the contribution rate is chlorophyll again, the contribution rate is 14.1 percent, and the contribution rate of other factors is less than 10 percent. According to the response curve of the zooplankton Simpson diversity index to the first 3-bit environmental factor, the influence of the conductivity is similar to the influence trend of the zooplankton Simpson diversity index to Richness and fragrance concentration diversity index, but the Simpson diversity index has an obvious reduction trend along with the increase of the oxidation-reduction potential and chlorophyll.
The zooplankton uniformity index in the full water period (7 months) of the rural river is mainly influenced by total phosphorus, dissolved oxygen, pH and the like, wherein the total phosphorus is the most main influence factor and influences the change of 38.4% of the zooplankton uniformity index, the influence of the dissolved oxygen is the second, the contribution rate is 20.3%, the contribution rate is the pH again, the contribution rate is 16.9%, the oxidation-reduction potential also has higher contribution, and the contribution rate of other factors is less than 10%. According to the response curve of the zooplankton uniformity index to the first 3 environmental factors, the zooplankton uniformity shows an increasing trend along with the increase of total phosphorus, dissolved oxygen and pH, and has obvious gradient change.
Thus, conductivity, ammonia nitrogen and chlorophyll can be selected as environmental drivers. The next analysis uses the conductivity to determine a threshold for the environmental driver.
4) Determination of various habitat threshold values in rural river channel
According to the screening of main environmental factors of the habitat of the rural river (including various types), the main environmental driving factors influencing the structural change of key biological groups of the rural river, namely zooplankton communities, are determined to be the conductivity, ammonia nitrogen and chlorophyll concentration, and meanwhile, total phosphorus, oxidation-reduction potential, pH and dissolved oxygen also have certain contributions. Based on this result, mutation point (Changepoint) analysis was performed in each different habitat by the R language software Changepoint package. As Richness reflecting zooplankton community structure change and diversity indexes tend to be consistent, a representative index Richness is selected, the change trend of the representative index Richness along with the main environment driving factors is analyzed, the main driving factors are further analyzed through fitting analysis, inflection points are determined, and the specific range of the threshold value is determined as the interval between the two inflection points of the environment driving factors.
For a hill area (curve of fig. 5 r, corresponding to the part of the response curve of fig. 5 marked 1): the key biotope zooplankton Richness has obvious inflection points at 260us/cm and 295us/cm along with the increase of the conductivity, so that the main environmental driving factor for determining the structural change of the zooplankton community in the hilly area is the conductivity, and the threshold value is 260-295 us/cm.
For the non-point source of farmland pollution zone (curve 2 of fig. 5, corresponding to the part marked with 2 in the response curve of fig. 5): the key biotope zooplankton Richness has obvious descending trend along with the electric conductivity and has obvious inflection points at 455us/cm and 525us/cm, so that the main environmental driving factor for determining the structural change of the zooplankton community in the farmland non-point source pollution area is the electric conductivity, and the threshold value is 455-525 us/cm.
For the remediated community river area ((curve c. fig. 5, corresponding to the portion marked 3 in the response curve of fig. 5)): the key biotope zooplankton Richness has obvious inflection points at 530us/cm and 625us/cm along with the increase of the conductivity, so that the main environmental driving factor for determining the structural change of the zooplankton community in the hilly area is the conductivity, and the threshold value is 530-625 us/cm.
For an aquatic river (fig. 5 curve (r), corresponding to the portion labeled 4 in the response curve of fig. 5): the key biotope zooplankton Richness has obvious inflection points at 560us/cm and 675us/cm along with the increase of the conductivity, so that the main environmental driving factor for determining the structural change of the zooplankton community in the water river channel is the conductivity, and the threshold value of the environmental driving factor is 560-675 us/cm.
Similarly, other top-ranked or 10% contribution factors may be analyzed and thresholded in a similar manner, and other water ecology indicators other than Richness may be used for similar analysis.
Claims (8)
1. A method for judging habitat threshold values of different ecological restoration types in a drainage basin comprises the following steps:
1) selection of survey point location and environmental factor and water ecological index survey
Selecting different types of habitats in similar water bodies in a drainage basin within the range of health-range and extreme difference, or selecting multiple water quality types of habitats from I type to inferior V type according to water quality as investigation points; carrying out investigation on environmental factors and water ecological indexes at each investigation point;
2) selection of key biological groups
Performing species composition analysis on the biological groups of the survey points, and selecting the biological group with complete data in time and space and the longest first axis length on a species composition analysis chart as a key biological group for analysis;
3) environmental factor screening and contribution rate analysis
For key biological groups, carrying out classification regression analysis on the environmental factors and water ecological indexes obtained from each survey point by adopting generalized enhanced regression model analysis, screening the environmental factors and analyzing the index contribution rate by using an iterative algorithm, sequencing the environmental factors according to the contribution rate to the water ecological indexes, and sequentially selecting one or more environmental factors at the first 3 bits of sequencing as environmental driving factors; fitting to obtain response curves of water ecological indexes of different types of habitats to the environmental driving factors within the variation range of the environmental driving factors;
4) determination of threshold values
Carrying out mutation point analysis on different types of habitats according to the key biological group and the environment driving factor selected in the step 3), fitting a change curve of water ecological indexes along with the environment driving factor, determining an inflection point of the environment driving factor, and determining a threshold range of the change of the habitat community structure.
2. The method for determining habitat threshold values of different types of ecological restoration in a drainage basin according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the environmental factors at least comprise conductivity, ammonia nitrogen, chlorophyll, oxidation-reduction potential, nitrate and nitrite, total nitrogen, phosphate, dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus, COD and transparency.
3. The method for determining the habitat threshold values of different types of ecological restoration in a drainage basin according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the biological groups of the aquatic ecological indexes comprise phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthos, and the characterization indexes comprise one or more of species richness and diversity indexes.
4. The method for determining the habitat threshold values of different types of ecological restoration in a drainage basin according to claim 3, wherein the diversity index comprises one or more of a Shannon-Weiner index, an dominance index and a uniformity index.
5. The method for determining the habitat threshold values of different types of ecological restoration in a watershed according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the environment driving factor is an environment factor with a contribution rate of not less than 10%.
6. The method for determining habitat threshold values of different types of ecological restoration in a drainage basin according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the analysis of the generalized enhanced regression model adopts an gbm program package of an R language platform.
7. The method for determining habitat threshold values of different types of ecological restoration in a drainage basin as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the mutation point analysis adopts a changepoint program package of an R language platform.
8. The method for determining habitat threshold values of different types of ecological restoration in a watershed as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the threshold value range is an interval between two inflection points of the environment driving factor.
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