CN113282112A - Extreme weather photovoltaic support protection system and method - Google Patents
Extreme weather photovoltaic support protection system and method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 7
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D3/00—Control of position or direction
- G05D3/12—Control of position or direction using feedback
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/22—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring depth
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/30—Electrical components
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for protecting a photovoltaic bracket in extreme weather, which comprises the following steps: using a snow depth sensor to emit laser light towards a snow depth sensing plane parallel to a horizontal plane to obtain an actual distance from the snow depth sensor to accumulated snow; defining a reference distance between the snow depth sensor and the snow depth sensing plane, wherein the difference between the reference distance and the actual distance is the snow thickness; when the duration time that the accumulated snow thickness is larger than the preset accumulated snow thickness is longer than the preset duration time, the photovoltaic support controller controls the photovoltaic support to enter a heavy snow protection mode; and when the thickness of the accumulated snow is smaller than a preset value, the photovoltaic support controller controls the photovoltaic support to enter a normal tracking state. The invention has the technical effects that: the number of snow depth meters is reduced by measuring the snow depth thickness of the snow depth sensing plane instead of the snow depth thickness of the photovoltaic module, so that the cost is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a photovoltaic support protection system and method in extreme weather.
Background
Photovoltaic power generation is a power generation method which is very easily influenced by various weather, the power of a photovoltaic power generation matrix is easily reduced in the daily weather such as cloudy days, rain and snow, and the like, so that the power grid fluctuation is caused, meanwhile, the photovoltaic power generation matrix is arranged in the outdoor open environment, once the extreme weather such as rain, snow, hail and strong wind appears, on one hand, the photovoltaic module cannot generate power due to the existence of snow, so that the time for reducing the generated power is prolonged due to the influence of the extreme weather, on the other hand, the related hardware equipment of the photovoltaic power generation matrix, such as a photovoltaic support, is damaged due to the weight of the snow and the like.
Therefore in the conventional technology, in order to solve the above problems, a snow depth meter is often arranged on the photovoltaic module, the factors which possibly influence the power generation power of the photovoltaic module such as the snow depth are monitored, and once the snow depth is deeper, the support is controlled to dump the snow, so that on one hand, damage to the photovoltaic support caused by the weight of the snow is avoided, and on the other hand, the time for stopping power generation of the photovoltaic module caused by the accumulated snow can be reduced.
But since it measures the depth of snow gauge, resulting in how many photovoltaic modules, then how many depth of snow gauges are needed, resulting in a sharp increase in the cost required for the overall system.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a system and a method for protecting a photovoltaic bracket in extreme weather, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
in one aspect, an extreme weather photovoltaic rack protection system is provided, comprising: the photovoltaic support controller is used for controlling the inclination angle of the photovoltaic support so as to control the included angle between the photovoltaic assembly and the ground;
the snow depth sensor is arranged on the monitoring support and used for monitoring the thickness of the accumulated snow in real time, the snow depth sensor emits laser towards a snow depth sensing plane parallel to the horizontal plane to obtain the actual distance from the snow depth sensor to the accumulated snow, a reference distance is defined between the snow depth sensor and the snow depth sensing plane, the difference between the reference distance and the actual distance is the thickness of the accumulated snow, and the snow depth sensor transmits the thickness of the accumulated snow to the photovoltaic support controller;
the photovoltaic bracket controller receives the accumulated snow thickness signal sent by the snow depth sensor and controls the inclination angle of the photovoltaic assembly so as to control the included angle between the photovoltaic assembly and the ground; when the duration time that the accumulated snow thickness is larger than the preset accumulated snow thickness is longer than the preset duration time, the photovoltaic bracket controller controls the photovoltaic bracket to enter a heavy snow protection mode;
under the heavy snow protection mode, the photovoltaic support controller controls the photovoltaic support changes the included angle of photovoltaic module and ground until the included angle of photovoltaic module and ground is in the big snow protection angle of predetermineeing.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: the wind speed sensor is used for measuring the current wind speed and sending the current wind speed to the photovoltaic support controller;
the photovoltaic rack controller is further configured to: as long as the current wind speed is greater than the preset current wind speed, the photovoltaic support controller controls the photovoltaic support to enter a strong wind protection mode;
under the strong wind protection mode, the photovoltaic support controller controls the photovoltaic support to reduce the included angle between the photovoltaic module and the ground until the included angle between the photovoltaic module and the ground is at a preset wind-proof angle.
Preferably, the photovoltaic mount controller is further configured to: and when the current wind speed is less than the preset current wind speed and the duration that the snow thickness is greater than the preset duration, controlling the photovoltaic support to enter a heavy snow protection mode.
Preferably, the snow protection system further comprises a human-computer interaction module, wherein the human-computer interaction module is used for commanding the photovoltaic support controller to control the photovoltaic support to enter a normal tracking state after receiving an exit instruction in the heavy snow protection mode.
Preferably, when there is no snow on the photovoltaic module or the thickness of the snow decreases, the snow depth sensor enters a first automatic calibration mode;
in the first automatic calibration mode, the snow depth sensor automatically uses the plane where the current measuring point is located as a snow depth sensing plane to recalibrate the snow depth sensor;
when the snow thickness increases, the snow depth sensor exits the first auto-calibration mode.
Preferably, the early warning module is further included, and the early warning module is used for sending out a heavy snow early warning to the outside when the photovoltaic support controller controls the photovoltaic support to enter a heavy snow protection mode until the snow thickness is smaller than a preset snow exit thickness.
Preferably, an included angle exists between the orientation of the snow depth sensor and the monitoring bracket;
the included angle is between 20 and 30 degrees.
Preferably, the snow depth sensor is a laser snow depth gauge.
Preferably, the snow depth sensor is oriented away from the sun.
Preferably, the surface of the snow depth sensing plane is flat and not easily deformed.
In another aspect, a method for protecting an extreme weather photovoltaic support is provided, including:
using a snow depth sensor to emit laser light towards a snow depth sensing plane parallel to a horizontal plane to obtain an actual distance from the snow depth sensor to accumulated snow; defining a reference distance between the snow depth sensor and the snow depth sensing plane, wherein the difference between the reference distance and the actual distance is the snow thickness;
when the duration time that the accumulated snow thickness is larger than the preset accumulated snow thickness is longer than the preset duration time, the photovoltaic support controller controls the photovoltaic support to enter a heavy snow protection mode;
in the heavy snow protection mode, the photovoltaic support controller controls the photovoltaic support to change an included angle between the photovoltaic module and the ground until the included angle between the photovoltaic module and the ground is at a preset heavy snow protection angle;
and when the thickness of the accumulated snow is smaller than a preset value, the photovoltaic support controller controls the photovoltaic support to enter a normal tracking state.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: measuring the current wind speed;
as long as the current wind speed is greater than the preset current wind speed, the photovoltaic support controller controls the photovoltaic support to enter a strong wind protection mode;
under the strong wind protection mode, the photovoltaic support controller controls the photovoltaic support to reduce the included angle between the photovoltaic module and the ground until the included angle between the photovoltaic module and the ground is at a preset wind-proof angle.
Preferably, when the current wind speed is less than a preset current wind speed and the duration that the snow thickness is greater than the preset snow thickness is greater than a preset duration, the photovoltaic support is controlled to enter a heavy snow protection mode.
Preferably, when the thickness of the accumulated snow is smaller than a preset value, the photovoltaic support controller controls the photovoltaic support to enter a normal tracking state.
Preferably, when there is no snow on the photovoltaic module or the thickness of the snow decreases, the snow depth sensor enters a first automatic calibration mode;
in the first automatic calibration mode, the snow depth sensor automatically uses the plane where the current measuring point is located as a snow depth sensing plane to recalibrate the snow depth sensor;
when the snow thickness increases, the snow depth sensor exits the first auto-calibration mode.
Preferably, when the photovoltaic support controller controls the photovoltaic support to enter a heavy snow protection mode, the photovoltaic support controller sends a heavy snow early warning to the outside until the thickness of the accumulated snow is smaller than the preset thickness of the accumulated snow to be withdrawn.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: when snow on the photovoltaic module falls, the snow depth sensor enters a second automatic calibration mode,
in the second automatic calibration mode, the snow depth sensor periodically uses the plane where the current measuring point is located as a snow depth sensing plane to recalibrate the snow depth sensor until the distance between the snow depth sensing plane and the snow depth sensor is kept unchanged within a set time.
The invention at least comprises the following technical effects:
(1) the number of the snow depth meters is reduced by measuring the snow depth thickness of the snow depth sensing plane instead of the snow depth thickness of the photovoltaic module, so that the cost is greatly reduced;
(2) the safety of the photovoltaic equipment can be effectively protected through the priority control level of the snow prevention mode and the wind prevention mode, and the actual meteorological control requirement can be met;
(3) through first automatic calibration mode, after cancelling heavy snow and reporting to the police, can make sensor automatic calibration, need not to clear up the snow of sensor monitoring point.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment 1-4 of an extreme weather photovoltaic rack protection system according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment 5 of the method for protecting a photovoltaic support in extreme weather according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment 6 of the method for protecting a photovoltaic support in extreme weather according to the present invention.
Monitoring the stent 1;
a snow depth sensor 2;
a snow depth sensing plane 3;
and a wind speed sensor 4.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth, such as particular system structures, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present application. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present application may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present application with unnecessary detail.
It will be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification and the appended claims, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
For the sake of simplicity, the drawings only schematically show the parts relevant to the present invention, and they do not represent the actual structure as a product. In addition, in order to make the drawings concise and understandable, components having the same structure or function in some of the drawings are only schematically depicted, or only one of them is labeled. In this document, "one" means not only "only one" but also a case of "more than one".
It should be further understood that the term "and/or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In addition, in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used only for distinguishing the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply relative importance.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following description will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some examples of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings and embodiments can be derived from them without inventive effort.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an extreme weather photovoltaic rack protection system, including: the photovoltaic support controller is used for controlling the inclination angle of the photovoltaic support so as to control the included angle between the photovoltaic assembly and the ground;
the snow depth sensor 2 is in communication connection with the photovoltaic support controller, the snow depth sensor 2 is arranged on a monitoring support 1 and used for monitoring the thickness of snow in real time, the snow depth sensor 2 emits laser towards a snow depth sensing plane 3 parallel to the horizontal plane to obtain the actual distance from the snow depth sensor 2 to the snow, a reference distance is defined between the snow depth sensor 2 and the snow depth sensing plane 3, the difference between the reference distance and the actual distance is the thickness of the snow, and the snow thickness is transmitted to the photovoltaic support controller by the snow depth sensor 2;
the photovoltaic bracket controller receives the accumulated snow thickness signal sent by the snow depth sensor 2 and controls the inclination angle of the photovoltaic assembly so as to control the included angle between the photovoltaic assembly and the ground; when the duration time that the accumulated snow thickness is larger than the preset accumulated snow thickness is longer than the preset duration time, the photovoltaic bracket controller controls the photovoltaic bracket to enter a heavy snow protection mode;
under the heavy snow protection mode, the photovoltaic support controller controls the photovoltaic support changes the included angle of photovoltaic module and ground until the included angle of photovoltaic module and ground is in the big snow protection angle of predetermineeing.
In the conventional technology, in order to solve the technical problems that the time for generating power reduction caused by accumulated snow is prolonged and hardware equipment of a photovoltaic power generation matrix is damaged, a snow depth meter is often arranged on a photovoltaic module to measure the snow depth, but the snow depth meter is used for measuring the snow depth, so that the number of the photovoltaic modules is increased, and the cost required by the whole system is increased. Therefore, in the embodiment, the accumulated snow on the photovoltaic module is not directly measured, but the accumulated snow condition of a specific area is measured to judge the overall accumulated snow condition, so that the cost is saved.
Specifically, a monitoring bracket 1 is erected near a photovoltaic power generation field, then a snow depth sensing plane 3 is arranged near the monitoring bracket 1, or directly near the power generation field,
meanwhile, the plane is parallel to the horizontal plane, so that the snow accumulation condition of each photovoltaic module in the area can be obtained by measuring the thickness of snow on the snow depth sensing plane 3, and the wind speed sensor 4 is arranged on the monitoring support 1 to measure the wind speed, so that the integration of the system is improved, and more kinds of information support is provided for subsequent control work.
Preferably, an included angle exists between the orientation of the snow depth sensor 2 and the monitoring bracket 1; the included angle is between 20 and 30 degrees.
Meanwhile, in the specific use of equipment, the laser snow depth sensor 2 is generally used, and compared with an ultrasonic sensor, the laser snow depth sensor 2 is generally not directly arranged at the bottom of the monitoring support 1, and if the laser snow depth sensor is arranged at the bottom of the monitoring support 1, the sensing effect may be deteriorated due to the shadow of the snow depth sensor 2 in the use process; therefore, an included angle is generally arranged between the orientation of the snow depth sensor 2 and the monitoring support 1 and is generally 20-30 degrees, so that on one hand, a detected point on the snow depth sensing plane 3 is not too far away from the snow depth sensor 2, the measuring effect is poor, on the other hand, the sensing effect is also prevented from being poor due to the existence of the shadow of the snow depth sensor 2, and meanwhile, the snow depth sensor is easy to install.
Preferably, still include the early warning module, be used for when photovoltaic support controller control when the photovoltaic support gets into heavy snow protection mode, photovoltaic support controller sends the heavy snow early warning to the outside, until snow thickness is less than when predetermineeing the snow thickness of withdrawing from to warning managers in time handle.
Preferably, the snow depth sensor 2 is a laser snow depth gauge; the surface of the snow depth sensing plane 3 is flat and not easy to deform.
Meanwhile, the snow depth sensing plane 3 should be set to be a smooth and hard plane, which can effectively reduce scattering, and hard plane can effectively avoid interference to the surface of the snow depth sensing plane 3 due to external reasons.
Preferably, the snow depth sensor 2 is a laser snow depth gauge; the snow depth sensor 2 is oriented away from the sun.
In specific use, the snow depth sensor 2 is generally arranged to face away from the sunlight, and the interference caused by the sunlight on the measurement process can be effectively reduced by facing away from the sunlight,
example 2:
as shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a snow depth monitoring system according to embodiment 1, including:
further comprising: the wind speed sensor 4 is used for measuring the current wind speed and sending the current wind speed to the photovoltaic support controller;
the photovoltaic rack controller is further configured to: as long as the current wind speed is greater than the preset current wind speed, the photovoltaic support controller controls the photovoltaic support to enter a strong wind protection mode;
under the strong wind protection mode, the photovoltaic support controller controls the photovoltaic support to reduce the included angle between the photovoltaic module and the ground until the included angle between the photovoltaic module and the ground is at a preset wind-proof angle.
The photovoltaic rack controller is further configured to: and when the current wind speed is less than the preset current wind speed and the duration that the snow thickness is greater than the preset duration, controlling the photovoltaic support to enter a heavy snow protection mode.
In specific use, the corresponding inclination angle snow thickness and the current wind speed are firstly obtained through a snow depth and strong wind monitoring device, then relevant information is transmitted to a photovoltaic support controller, the photovoltaic support controller judges whether the thickness of the snow is higher than a preset snow thickness or not after receiving the snow thickness and the current wind speed, the thickness of the snow is generally 20mm, if the thickness of the snow is within 20mm, the snow on a photovoltaic assembly is considered to be in a safe state, if the thickness of the snow exceeds 20mm and the time of the snow exceeds 20mm is longer than a preset duration time, the snow is not considered to be in the safe state, the photovoltaic support controller controls the photovoltaic support to enter a strong snow protection mode, namely, the photovoltaic assembly is erected, the snow on the photovoltaic assembly is unloaded, and the snow on the photovoltaic assembly is reduced; meanwhile, in the heavy snow protection mode, the photovoltaic module is erected, the windward side of the photovoltaic module is greatly enlarged relative to the inclined state, photovoltaic equipment such as a support and the like can be damaged due to heavy wind, namely, the current wind speed is judged before the heavy snow protection mode is entered, if the wind speed is too high, the heavy snow protection mode cannot be entered, the photovoltaic module is erected, and the photovoltaic equipment is prevented from being damaged due to the heavy wind.
Meanwhile, based on the above reasons, once the wind speed is found to be too high, the photovoltaic support controller controls the photovoltaic support to enter a strong wind protection mode, and the photovoltaic module is set to a preset wind prevention position, generally, the photovoltaic module is laid flat or set to a 120-degree position, so that the windward area is reduced, and the equipment is prevented from being damaged by strong wind. That is, the priority of the strong wind mode is higher than that of the strong snow mode, if the snow depth is too high in the strong wind protection mode at present, the current strong wind protection mode is maintained, and the strong snow protection mode is switched to after the strong wind protection mode exits. If the wind speed sensor 4 monitors strong wind to give an alarm when the wind speed sensor is currently in the strong snow protection mode, the wind speed sensor exits from the strong snow mode and switches to the strong wind protection mode.
Example 3:
as shown in fig. 1, this embodiment provides a snow depth monitoring system based on embodiment 2, further including a human-computer interaction module, configured to instruct, in the heavy snow protection mode, the photovoltaic support controller to control the photovoltaic support to enter a normal tracking state after receiving an exit instruction;
under the normal tracking state, the photovoltaic support controller controls the photovoltaic support to control the photovoltaic support to be in a normal tracking state
On exiting from the heavy snow protection mode, the photovoltaic power station is often located in plateau areas, the weather conditions are severe, especially in places such as Qinghai-Tibet plateaus, the electronic and mechanical reliability is seriously reduced, for example, in the heavy snow protection mode, an automatic operation mode is adopted, the photovoltaic bracket is automatically controlled to be restored to a normal operation state after the monitoring result of the snow depth sensor 2 is reduced to the maximum snow thickness, and the mechanical and electronic reliability is reduced, so that the photovoltaic components such as the photovoltaic bracket can be damaged. That is, the manual control exits the heavy snow protection mode only if the plant personnel confirm that there is no snow on the photovoltaic module.
Example 4:
as shown in fig. 1, this embodiment provides a snow depth monitoring system according to embodiment 2, wherein when there is no snow on the photovoltaic module or the thickness of the snow decreases, the snow depth sensor 2 enters a first automatic calibration mode;
in the first automatic calibration mode, the snow depth sensor 2 automatically recalibrates the snow depth sensor 2 by taking the plane where the current measuring point is located as a snow depth sensing plane 3;
when the snow thickness increases, the snow depth sensor 2 exits the first automatic calibration mode.
Preferably, when the snow cover on the photovoltaic module falls, the snow depth sensor 2 enters a second automatic calibration mode,
in the second automatic calibration mode, the snow depth sensor 2 periodically recalibrates the snow depth sensor 2 by taking the plane where the current measurement point is located as the snow depth sensing plane 3 until the distance between the snow depth sensing plane 3 and the snow depth sensor 2 is kept unchanged within a set time.
In this embodiment, when the power station staff confirms that there is not snow on the photovoltaic module, the snow is 0, need not to clear away the snow of sensor measuring point, recalibrates the sensor, makes current height h as 0 reference value, uses new snow to be snow depth sensing plane 3 after, and when snow melts snow depth height and descends, snow depth check out test set can recalibrate snow depth sensing plane 3 automatically.
Specifically, the snow thickness on the photovoltaic module is 0 at this moment, and the actual snow thickness on the snow depth sensing plane 3 is also h, and the snow depth sensing plane 3 can descend along with the melting of snow, and h also constantly reduces, but when snowing, the actual snow thickness has just become h + n, and the photovoltaic module also is n this moment, namely through the position of adjusting the snow depth sensing plane 3 to the thickness that makes the snow depth sensor 2 survey is exactly the snow thickness on the photovoltaic module in fact.
Example 5:
as shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a snow depth monitoring method, including:
s1: using a snow depth sensor to emit laser light towards a snow depth sensing plane parallel to a horizontal plane to obtain an actual distance from the snow depth sensor to accumulated snow; defining a reference distance between the snow depth sensor and the snow depth sensing plane, wherein the difference between the reference distance and the actual distance is the snow thickness;
s4: when the duration time that the snow thickness is larger than the preset snow thickness is longer than the preset duration time, the step S5 is carried out;
s5: controlling the photovoltaic bracket to enter a heavy snow protection mode; in the heavy snow protection mode, the photovoltaic support controller controls the photovoltaic support to change an included angle between the photovoltaic module and the ground until the included angle between the photovoltaic module and the ground is at a preset heavy snow protection angle;
s7: and when the thickness of the accumulated snow is smaller than a preset value, the photovoltaic support controller controls the photovoltaic support to enter a normal tracking state.
In specific use, the corresponding inclination angle snow thickness and the current wind speed are firstly obtained through a snow depth and strong wind monitoring device, then relevant information is transmitted to a photovoltaic support controller, the photovoltaic support controller judges whether the thickness of the snow is higher than a preset snow thickness or not after receiving the snow thickness and the current wind speed, the thickness of the snow is generally 20mm, if the thickness of the snow is within 20mm, the snow on a photovoltaic assembly is considered to be in a safe state, if the thickness of the snow exceeds 20mm and the time of the snow exceeds 20mm is longer than a preset duration time, the snow is not considered to be in the safe state, the photovoltaic support controller controls the photovoltaic support to enter a strong snow protection mode, namely, the photovoltaic assembly is erected, the snow on the photovoltaic assembly is unloaded, and the snow on the photovoltaic assembly is reduced; meanwhile, in the heavy snow protection mode, the photovoltaic module is erected, the windward side of the photovoltaic module is greatly enlarged relative to the inclined state, and photovoltaic equipment such as a support and the like can be scraped due to heavy wind, namely, the current wind speed is judged before the heavy snow protection mode is entered, if the wind speed is too high, the heavy snow protection mode cannot be entered, and the photovoltaic module is erected, so that the photovoltaic equipment is prevented from being scraped due to heavy wind;
on exiting from the heavy snow protection mode, the photovoltaic power station is often located in plateau areas, the weather conditions are severe, especially in places such as Qinghai-Tibet plateaus, the electronic and mechanical reliability is seriously reduced, for example, in the heavy snow protection mode, an automatic operation mode is adopted, the photovoltaic bracket is automatically controlled to be restored to a normal operation state after the monitoring result of the snow depth sensor is reduced to the maximum snow thickness, and the mechanical and electronic reliability is reduced, so that the photovoltaic components such as the photovoltaic bracket can be damaged. That is, the manual control exits the heavy snow protection mode only if the plant personnel confirm that there is no snow on the photovoltaic module.
Example 6:
as shown in fig. 3, the present embodiment provides a snow depth monitoring method, including:
s1: using a snow depth sensor to emit laser light towards a snow depth sensing plane parallel to a horizontal plane to obtain an actual distance from the snow depth sensor to accumulated snow; defining a reference distance between the snow depth sensor and the snow depth sensing plane, wherein the difference between the reference distance and the actual distance is the snow thickness;
s2: measuring the current wind speed;
s3, when the current wind speed is larger than the preset current wind speed, entering S6;
s4: when the duration time that the snow thickness is larger than the preset snow thickness is longer than the preset duration time, the step S5 is carried out;
s5: controlling a photovoltaic support to enter a heavy snow protection mode, and sending a heavy snow early warning to the outside by a photovoltaic support controller until the thickness of accumulated snow is smaller than a preset thickness of accumulated snow to be withdrawn; in the heavy snow protection mode, the photovoltaic support controller controls the photovoltaic support to change an included angle between the photovoltaic module and the ground until the included angle between the photovoltaic module and the ground is at a preset heavy snow protection angle; when the thickness of the accumulated snow is smaller than a preset value, the photovoltaic support controller controls the photovoltaic support to enter a normal tracking state;
s6: and controlling the photovoltaic support to enter a strong wind protection mode, wherein under the strong wind protection mode, the photovoltaic support controller controls the photovoltaic support to reduce the included angle between the photovoltaic component and the ground until the included angle between the photovoltaic component and the ground is at a preset wind prevention angle.
Meanwhile, based on the above reasons, once the wind speed is found to be too high, the photovoltaic support controller controls the photovoltaic support to enter a strong wind protection mode, and the photovoltaic module is set to a preset wind prevention position, generally, the photovoltaic module is laid flat or set to a 120-degree position, so that the windward area is reduced, and the equipment is prevented from being damaged by strong wind. That is, the priority of the strong wind mode is higher than that of the strong snow mode, if the snow depth is too high in the strong wind protection mode at present, the current strong wind protection mode is maintained, and the strong snow protection mode is switched to after the strong wind protection mode exits. If the wind speed sensor monitors strong wind to give an alarm when the wind speed sensor is currently in the strong snow protection mode, the wind speed sensor exits from the strong snow mode and switches to the strong wind protection mode.
Preferably, it further comprises S8: when snow is not present on the photovoltaic assembly or the thickness of the snow is reduced, the snow depth sensor enters a first automatic calibration mode;
in the first automatic calibration mode, the snow depth sensor automatically uses the plane where the current measuring point is located as a snow depth sensing plane to recalibrate the snow depth sensor;
s9: when the snow thickness increases, the snow depth sensor exits the first automatic calibration mode;
meanwhile, based on the consideration of convenient implementation, the method can be equivalently replaced by the method of S10: when snow on the photovoltaic module falls, the snow depth sensor enters a second automatic calibration mode,
in the second automatic calibration mode, the snow depth sensor periodically uses the plane where the current measuring point is located as a snow depth sensing plane to recalibrate the snow depth sensor until the distance between the snow depth sensing plane and the snow depth sensor is kept unchanged within a set time.
In this embodiment, when the power station staff confirms that there is not snow on the photovoltaic module, the snow is 0, need not to clear away the snow of sensor measuring point, recalibrates the sensor, makes current height h as 0 reference value, uses new snow to be snow depth sensing plane 0 after, and when snow melts snow depth height decline, snow depth check out test set can recalibrate snow depth sensing plane 0 automatically.
Specifically, the snow thickness on the photovoltaic module this moment is 0, and the actual snow thickness on the snow depth sensing plane also is h, and the snow depth sensing plane can descend along with the melting of snow, and also h constantly reduces, but when snowing, actual snow thickness has just become h + n, and photovoltaic module this moment also is n, namely through the position of adjustment snow depth sensing plane to the thickness that makes the snow depth sensor survey is exactly the snow thickness on the photovoltaic module in fact.
Through the embodiment, the invention achieves the following technical effects:
(1) the number of the snow depth meters is reduced by measuring the snow depth thickness of the snow depth sensing plane instead of the snow depth thickness of the photovoltaic module, so that the cost is greatly reduced;
(2) the safety of the photovoltaic equipment can be effectively protected through the priority control level of the snow prevention mode and the wind prevention mode, and the actual meteorological control requirement can be met;
(3) through the automatic calibration mode, after big snow is reported to the police when cancelling, can make sensor automatic calibration, need not to clear up the snow of sensor monitoring point.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. An extreme weather photovoltaic rack protection system, comprising:
the snow depth sensor is arranged on the monitoring support and used for monitoring the thickness of the accumulated snow in real time, the snow depth sensor emits laser towards a snow depth sensing plane parallel to the horizontal plane to obtain the actual distance from the snow depth sensor to the accumulated snow, a reference distance is defined between the snow depth sensor and the snow depth sensing plane, the difference between the reference distance and the actual distance is the thickness of the accumulated snow, and the snow depth sensor transmits the thickness of the accumulated snow to the photovoltaic support controller;
the photovoltaic bracket controller receives the accumulated snow thickness signal sent by the snow depth sensor and controls the inclination angle of the photovoltaic assembly so as to control the included angle between the photovoltaic assembly and the ground; when the duration time that the accumulated snow thickness is larger than the preset accumulated snow thickness is longer than the preset duration time, the photovoltaic bracket controller controls the photovoltaic bracket to enter a heavy snow protection mode;
under the heavy snow protection mode, the photovoltaic support controller controls the photovoltaic support changes the included angle of photovoltaic module and ground until the included angle of photovoltaic module and ground is in the big snow protection angle of predetermineeing.
2. The extreme weather photovoltaic rack protection system of claim 1, further comprising: the wind speed sensor is used for measuring the current wind speed and sending the current wind speed to the photovoltaic support controller;
the photovoltaic rack controller is further configured to: as long as the current wind speed is greater than the preset current wind speed, the photovoltaic support controller controls the photovoltaic support to enter a strong wind protection mode;
under the strong wind protection mode, the photovoltaic support controller controls the photovoltaic support to reduce the included angle between the photovoltaic module and the ground until the included angle between the photovoltaic module and the ground is at a preset wind-proof angle.
3. The extreme weather photovoltaic rack protection system of claim 1, further comprising a human-computer interaction module configured to, in the heavy snow protection mode, instruct the photovoltaic rack controller to control the photovoltaic rack to enter a normal tracking state after receiving an exit instruction.
4. The extreme weather photovoltaic rack protection system of claim 1, wherein an angle exists between an orientation of the snow depth sensor and the monitoring rack;
the included angle is between 20 and 30 degrees.
5. The extreme weather photovoltaic rack protection system of claim 1, wherein the snow depth sensor is a laser snow depth gauge.
6. An extreme weather photovoltaic support protection method, comprising:
using a snow depth sensor to emit laser light towards a snow depth sensing plane parallel to a horizontal plane to obtain an actual distance from the snow depth sensor to accumulated snow; defining a reference distance between the snow depth sensor and the snow depth sensing plane, wherein the difference between the reference distance and the actual distance is the snow thickness;
when the duration time that the accumulated snow thickness is larger than the preset accumulated snow thickness is longer than the preset duration time, the photovoltaic support controller controls the photovoltaic support to enter a heavy snow protection mode;
in the heavy snow protection mode, the photovoltaic support controller controls the photovoltaic support to change an included angle between the photovoltaic module and the ground until the included angle between the photovoltaic module and the ground is at a preset heavy snow protection angle;
and when the thickness of the accumulated snow is smaller than a preset value, the photovoltaic support controller controls the photovoltaic support to enter a normal tracking state.
7. The extreme weather photovoltaic rack protection method of claim 6, further comprising: measuring the current wind speed;
as long as the current wind speed is greater than the preset current wind speed, the photovoltaic support controller controls the photovoltaic support to enter a strong wind protection mode;
under the strong wind protection mode, the photovoltaic support controller controls the photovoltaic support to reduce the included angle between the photovoltaic module and the ground until the included angle between the photovoltaic module and the ground is at a preset wind-proof angle.
8. The extreme weather photovoltaic support protection method of claim 7, wherein when the current wind speed is less than a preset current wind speed and the duration that the accumulated snow thickness is greater than the preset accumulated snow thickness is greater than a preset duration, the photovoltaic support is controlled to enter a heavy snow protection mode.
9. The extreme weather photovoltaic rack protection method of claim 6,
when snow is not present on the photovoltaic assembly or the thickness of the snow is reduced, the snow depth sensor enters a first automatic calibration mode;
in the first automatic calibration mode, the snow depth sensor automatically uses the plane where the current measuring point is located as a snow depth sensing plane to recalibrate the snow depth sensor; the plane where the current measuring point is located is a surface covered with snow on the current snow depth sensing plane;
when the snow thickness increases, the snow depth sensor exits the first auto-calibration mode.
10. The extreme weather photovoltaic protection method of claim 6, wherein the snow depth sensor enters a second auto-calibration mode when snow on the photovoltaic module falls,
in the second automatic calibration mode, the snow depth sensor periodically uses the plane where the current measuring point is located as a snow depth sensing plane to recalibrate the snow depth sensor until the distance between the snow depth sensing plane and the snow depth sensor is kept unchanged within a set time.
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| US11522491B2 (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2022-12-06 | FTC Solar, Inc. | Systems and methods for adaptive range of motion for solar trackers |
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