CN113281371B - Crack propagation deformation measuring device and high-temperature test device - Google Patents
Crack propagation deformation measuring device and high-temperature test device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113281371B CN113281371B CN202110553853.8A CN202110553853A CN113281371B CN 113281371 B CN113281371 B CN 113281371B CN 202110553853 A CN202110553853 A CN 202110553853A CN 113281371 B CN113281371 B CN 113281371B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a crack propagation deformation measuring device and a high-temperature test device, wherein the measuring device comprises a support frame, a measuring device body and a measuring device body, wherein the support frame is fixedly connected with a sample and is provided with a through hole; the top guiding cap is provided with a peak inserted into the crack of the sample and connected with the upper end face of the crack; the cap peak of the down-leading cap is inserted into the crack of the sample and is connected with the lower end surface of the crack; the support cylinder is connected with the cap body of the down-leading cap and extends downwards through the through hole of the support frame; the leading-out rod is connected with the cap body of the upper leading cap, vertically extends downwards and is sleeved in the supporting cylinder; the first lower push ring and the second lower push ring are positioned below the support frame; the first supporting spring is positioned between the two push-down rings; and the displacement meter bracket is sleeved below the supporting cylinder, a displacement meter is arranged in the displacement meter bracket, and a second supporting spring is arranged between the displacement meter and the leading-out rod. The crack propagation deformation measuring device provided by the invention adopts a simpler mechanical structure, leads the deformation of the sample to the displacement meter, realizes accurate measurement, and has the advantages of few measurement influence factors, small error and high stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of crack deformation measuring equipment, in particular to a crack propagation deformation measuring device and a high-temperature test device.
Background
The high-temperature material is used in a high-temperature severe environment for a long time, so that the material generates crack initiation and expansion until the material is broken. The crack data of the high-temperature material under the service condition is obtained, the crack propagation rule of the high-temperature material is mastered, and the method has important significance for accurately evaluating the service life of the service high-temperature structure.
The main crack measuring methods in the prior art are the compliance method, the direct current potential method and the side-inserted extensometer. The flexibility method is not suitable for measurement in a high-temperature environment, the resolution is low, the calculation formula of the flexibility method has more related variables, and the errors of the flexibility method and the calculation formula can directly influence the measurement precision; the results of the dc potentiometric method are influenced by a number of factors, such as: the direct current potential method has the advantages that the power supply stability, the wiring point position, the wiring mode, the crack roughness and the like are realized, and the measurement stability and the measurement precision of the direct current potential method are greatly reduced due to the fact that the resistivity of the material changes along with the temperature, and the anti-interference performance and the thermal interference performance are poor; the side-inserted extensometer is complex in structure and expensive in manufacturing cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a crack propagation deformation measuring device and a high-temperature test device, which are simple in structure, low in price and capable of realizing high-reliability and high-precision measurement.
One aspect of the present invention provides a crack propagation deformation measuring apparatus for measuring crack propagation deformation of a test specimen, including:
the support frame is fixedly connected with the sample and is provided with a through hole;
the upper guiding cap comprises a peak and a cap body, and the peak of the upper guiding cap is inserted into the crack of the sample and is connected with the upper end face of the crack;
the downward-guiding cap comprises a peak and a cap body, and the peak of the downward-guiding cap is inserted into the crack of the sample and is connected with the lower end face of the crack;
the support barrel is connected with the cap body of the downward guiding cap and vertically and downwards extends through the through hole of the support frame;
the leading-out rod is connected with the cap body of the upper leading cap, vertically extends downwards, is sleeved in the supporting cylinder and is in sliding connection with the supporting cylinder;
the first downward pushing ring and the second downward pushing ring are sleeved on the outer wall of the supporting cylinder and are positioned below the supporting frame;
a first support spring disposed between the first push-down ring and the second push-down ring;
the displacement meter support is sleeved on the outer wall below the supporting cylinder, a displacement meter is arranged inside the displacement meter support, and a second supporting spring is arranged between the displacement meter and the leading-out rod.
Furthermore, the upper leading cap and the lower leading cap are respectively provided with a clamping groove matched with the crack of the sample.
Furthermore, the upper end and the lower end of the support cylinder are respectively provided with a guide bearing, and the leading-out rod is connected with the support cylinder through the guide bearings.
Further, the displacement meter bracket is in threaded connection with the supporting cylinder.
Furthermore, the bottom of the leading-out rod is connected with a top block, and the second supporting spring is located between the top block and the displacement meter.
Further, the displacement meter is a grating or a linear variable differential transformer.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a high temperature testing apparatus for performing a high temperature test on a sample, including:
a testing machine and a high-temperature heating furnace;
the upper connecting rod and the lower connecting rod are respectively connected with the testing machine;
the environment device is hollow inside and is positioned in the high-temperature heating furnace, an upper pull rod and a lower pull rod are arranged in the environment device, two ends of the sample are respectively connected with the upper pull rod and the lower pull rod, the upper pull rod penetrates through the environment device and then is connected with the upper connecting rod, and the lower pull rod penetrates through the environment device and then is connected with the lower connecting rod;
according to the crack propagation deformation measuring device, the upper lead cap and the lower lead cap are respectively connected with the upper end and the lower end of the crack of the sample, the support frame is fixed on the lower pull rod, and the lower end of the displacement meter support extends out of the environment device and is fixedly connected with the environment device.
Furthermore, the environment device is a cylinder body provided with an upper flange and a lower flange, the upper flange is fixedly connected with an upper end cover, and the lower flange is fixedly connected with a lower base.
Further, static seals are arranged between the upper flange plate and the upper end cover and between the lower flange plate and the lower base.
Further, the testing machine includes a standard creep machine and a tensile testing machine.
The crack propagation deformation measuring device adopts a simpler mechanical structure, leads the deformation of the sample to the displacement meter, thereby realizing accurate measurement, and has less measuring influence factors, small error and high stability. The high-temperature test device can complete the test under the high-temperature vacuum or atmosphere environment by changing the gas in the environment device, and the deformation of the sample is led out of the high-temperature environment by the crack propagation deformation measuring device, thereby realizing the measurement with high reliability and high precision.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a crack propagation deformation measurement apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a high temperature testing apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a crack propagation deformation measuring apparatus 1, for measuring propagation deformation of a crack 21 of a sample 2, including an up-leading cap 11 and a down-leading cap 12, where the up-leading cap 11 and the down-leading cap 12 both have a visor and a cap body, the visor of the up-leading cap 11 is inserted into the crack 21 and fixedly connected to an upper end face thereof, the visor of the down-leading cap 12 is inserted into the crack 21 and fixedly connected to a lower end face thereof, a through hole is formed in a rear portion of the cap body of the up-leading cap 1 opposite to the visor, where an extraction rod 13 is fixed, and the up-leading cap 1 and the extraction rod 13 are connected by threads; the rear part of the cap body, opposite to the visor, of the down-drawing cap 12 is provided with a through hole, a support cylinder 14 is fixed in the through hole, the down-drawing cap 12 is in interference fit with the support cylinder 14, the support cylinder 14 is sleeved on the outer side of the leading-out rod 13 and is in sliding connection with the leading-out rod 13, and the support cylinder 14 plays a role in guiding the leading-out rod 13 and prevents the leading-out rod 13 from shaking in the measurement process; a support frame 15 is arranged below the sample 2 and fixedly connected with the sample 2, the support frame 15 is provided with a through hole, a support cylinder 14 penetrates through the through hole and vertically extends downwards, a first push-down ring 171 and a second push-down ring 172 are sleeved along the outer wall of the support cylinder 14 below the support frame 15, a first support spring 16 is arranged between the two push-down rings, and the support cylinder 14 is supported on the support frame 15 through the first support spring 16 and can slide up and down in the through hole of the support frame 15; the displacement meter bracket 19 is sleeved outside the lower end of the support cylinder 14, and the displacement bracket 19 is fixed on the support cylinder 14. A displacement gauge 191 is arranged in the displacement gauge support 19, a second supporting spring 192 is arranged between the displacement gauge 191 and the bottom end of the leading-out rod 13, and the displacement gauge 191 and the leading-out rod are connected through the second supporting spring 192. The first push-down ring 171, the first support spring 16 and the second push-down ring 172 are located between the support frame 15 and the displacement meter support 19 and can freely slide along the support cylinder 14, the first support spring 16 is in a compressed state, the first push-down ring 171 is always tightly pressed against the support frame 15 by the compression force, meanwhile, the second push-down ring 172 is pressed against the displacement meter support 19, the displacement meter support 19 and the support cylinder 14 are pushed downwards, the lower guide cap 12 is tightly pulled at the lower end of the sample 2, and the compression force of the springs can be prevented from inclining by the first push-down ring 171 and the second push-down ring 172. Meanwhile, the upper cap 11 is pressed against the upper end of the sample 2 by the second supporting spring 192, so that the displacement of the sample 2 in the crack propagation deformation can be better reflected.
The up-leading cap 11 and the down-leading cap 12 are both provided with a clamping groove (not shown in the figure), the test 2 is correspondingly provided with a top block structure, and the top block structure is inserted into the clamping groove, so that the up-leading cap 11 and the down-leading cap 12 are fixed with the sample 2.
The support cylinder 14 may be provided with guide bearings (not shown), for example, one guide bearing may be provided at each of the upper and lower ends of the support cylinder 14, and the extraction rod 13 is connected to the two guide bearings, and the radial movement of the extraction rod 13 is limited by the guide bearings so that only the axial movement (i.e., the up-and-down movement) is possible.
The bottom end of the extraction rod 13 is provided with a top block 18 which is screwed with the extraction rod 13, and a second supporting spring 192 is positioned between the top block 18 and the displacement gauge 191, so that the thrust loading range of the spring can be wider.
The displacement meter bracket 19 is connected with the supporting cylinder 14 through screw threads. A sealing device may be disposed therebetween, which may form a vacuum environment on the displacement gauge 191, thereby completing the test under the vacuum environment.
The displacement meter 191 may be a grating, a Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) or other device for measuring displacement, which is not limited in the present invention.
In use, the sample 2 is fixed on a loading rod of the testing device through a clamp, the crack propagation deformation measuring device 1 is installed on the sample 2 and the testing device for measurement, specifically, the support frame 15 can be fixed on the loading rod, the upper lead cap 11 and the lower lead cap 12 respectively clamp the upper end and the lower end of the crack 21, the displacement meter support 19 can be fixedly connected with the testing device, after the mounting, the first support spring 16 and the second support spring 192 are both in a compressed state, when the crack propagation deformation, namely the crack length, is measured, the first support spring 16 in the compressed state applies an upward thrust to the first lower push ring 171, and the first lower push ring 171 is pressed against the support frame 15, and simultaneously applies a downward thrust to the second lower push ring 172, and the second lower push ring 172 is pressed against the displacement meter support 19, so as to apply a downward thrust to the displacement meter support 19, the support cylinder 14 and the lower lead cap 12, and under the thrust, the lower lead cap 12 is tightly attached to the lower end of the crack 2, and similarly, the second support spring 192 in the compressed state applies an upward thrust to the upper lead cap 11 of the sample 2 and the upper lead cap 13, so as to apply a downward thrust to the upper lead cap 11 and the sample 2. In this way, the distance between the up-lead cap 11 and the down-lead cap 12 (i.e., the crack length) can be transmitted to the displacement gauge 191 through the extraction rod 13, thereby extracting the deformation in the high temperature environment to the outdoor room temperature environment and achieving the measurement.
The upper leading cap 11, the lower leading cap 12, the leading-out rod 13, the supporting cylinder 14, the guide bearing and the like can all adopt high-temperature-resistant designs, so that accurate measurement under the high-temperature test condition is realized.
The crack propagation deformation measuring device provided by the embodiment of the invention adopts a simpler mechanical structure, guides the deformation of the sample 2 to the displacement meter 191, thereby realizing accurate measurement, and having less measuring influence factors, small error and high stability.
Example two
The embodiment provides a high-temperature test device, which comprises a testing machine (not shown in the figure), a high-temperature heating furnace 31, an environment device 32, an upper connecting rod 33, a lower connecting rod 34 and the crack propagation deformation measuring device 1 in the first embodiment, wherein the environment device 32 is positioned in the high-temperature heating furnace 31, the temperature is controlled by the high-temperature heating furnace 31, and the high-temperature heating furnace 31 adopts cascade control to ensure the internal temperature uniformity of the environment device; the environment device 32 is a cylinder body with an upper flange 321 and a lower flange 322 at two ends, and is made of high-temperature oxidation-resistant material, the upper flange 321 is fixedly connected with an upper end cover 35, the lower flange 322 is fixedly connected with a lower base 36, an upper pull rod 323 and a lower pull rod 324 are arranged in the environment device 32, the upper end of the upper pull rod 323 penetrates through the upper flange 322 and penetrates through the upper end cover 35 to be connected with the upper end of the upper pull rod 323, the upper connecting rod 33 and the upper pull rod 323 can move up and down, the lower end of the lower pull rod 324 penetrates through the lower base 36 to be connected with the lower connecting rod 34, two ends of the sample 2 are respectively connected with the upper end of the upper pull rod 323 and the lower end of the lower pull rod 324, the upper end of the upper connecting rod 33 and the lower end of the lower connecting rod 34 are respectively connected with a testing machine, the testing machine loads the sample 2 through the upper connecting rod 33 and the lower connecting rod 34, static seals 38 are arranged between the upper flange 321 and the upper flange 322, the lower flange 322 and the lower base 36, and static seals 37 are arranged between the upper connecting rod 33 and the upper end cover 35 to ensure the sealing of the environment device 32, and sealing seals the sealing grooves are arranged in the sealing grooves.
The upper leading cap 11 and the lower leading cap 12 of the crack propagation deformation measuring device 1 are respectively fixed at the upper end and the lower end of the crack of the sample 2, the support frame 15 is fixed on the lower pull rod 324, the lower end of the displacement meter support 19 penetrates through the lower base 36 and extends out of the environment device 32, and the displacement meter support 19 is in threaded connection with the lower base 36, so that the deformation of the sample 2 can be led out of the environment device 32, and the influence of high temperature on the measuring result is reduced as much as possible.
The environment device 32 may be evacuated to achieve a vacuum environment, or nitrogen, air, or other gases may be introduced into the environment device 32 to achieve an atmospheric environment. By changing the gas in the environmental device 32, the test can be performed in a high temperature vacuum or atmosphere environment.
The testing machine can be a standard creep machine, a tensile testing machine or other types of testing machines, so that different types of tests can be completed, and the expansibility is strong.
The high-temperature test apparatus provided in this embodiment can complete a test in a high-temperature vacuum or atmosphere environment by changing the gas in the environment apparatus 32, and can achieve highly reliable and highly accurate measurement by drawing the deformation of the sample 2 out of the high-temperature environment by the crack propagation deformation measurement apparatus 1.
The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, which are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various changes may be made in the above embodiments of the present invention. All simple and equivalent changes and modifications made according to the claims and the content of the specification of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present patent application. The invention has not been described in detail in order to avoid obscuring the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A crack propagation deformation measuring apparatus for measuring a crack propagation deformation of a test specimen, comprising:
the support frame is fixedly connected with the sample and is provided with a through hole;
the upper guiding cap comprises a peak and a cap body, and the peak of the upper guiding cap is inserted into the crack of the sample and is connected with the upper end face of the crack;
the downward-guiding cap comprises a peak and a cap body, and the peak of the downward-guiding cap is inserted into the crack of the sample and is connected with the lower end face of the crack;
the support barrel is connected with the cap body of the downward-guiding cap and vertically extends downwards through the through hole of the support frame;
the leading-out rod is connected with the cap body of the upper leading cap, vertically extends downwards to be sleeved in the supporting cylinder and is in sliding connection with the supporting cylinder;
the first lower push ring and the second lower push ring are sleeved on the outer wall of the supporting cylinder and are positioned below the supporting frame;
a first support spring disposed between the first push-down ring and the second push-down ring; the first lower push ring and the second lower push ring are arranged to prevent the first support spring from tilting;
the displacement meter support is sleeved on the outer wall below the supporting cylinder, a displacement meter is arranged inside the displacement meter support, and a second supporting spring is arranged between the displacement meter and the leading-out rod.
2. The crack propagation deformation measuring device of claim 1, wherein the upper and lower guide caps are respectively provided with a clamping groove for matching with the crack of the test specimen.
3. The crack propagation deformation measuring device of claim 1, wherein the upper end and the lower end of the supporting cylinder are respectively provided with a guide bearing, and the extraction rod is connected with the supporting cylinder through the guide bearings.
4. The crack propagation deformation measuring device of claim 1, wherein the displacement gauge holder is threadedly connected to the support cylinder.
5. The crack propagation deformation measuring device of claim 1, wherein the bottom of the extraction rod is connected with a top block, and the second supporting spring is located between the top block and the displacement gauge.
6. The crack propagation deformation measurement device of claim 1, wherein the displacement meter is a grating or a linear variable differential transformer.
7. The utility model provides a high temperature test device for carry out high temperature test to the sample, its characterized in that includes:
a testing machine and a high-temperature heating furnace;
the upper connecting rod and the lower connecting rod are respectively connected with the testing machine;
the environment device is internally hollow and is positioned in the high-temperature heating furnace, an upper pull rod and a lower pull rod are arranged in the environment device, two ends of the sample are respectively connected with the upper pull rod and the lower pull rod, the upper pull rod penetrates through the environment device and then is connected with the upper connecting rod, and the lower pull rod penetrates through the environment device and then is connected with the lower connecting rod;
the crack propagation deformation measuring device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein an upper cap and a lower cap are connected to the upper end and the lower end of the crack of the test specimen, respectively, a support frame is fixed to the lower tie rod, and the lower end of a displacement meter support extends out of and is fixedly connected to the environmental device.
8. The high temperature test apparatus of claim 7, wherein the environmental device is a barrel having an upper flange and a lower flange, the upper flange being fixedly attached to an upper end cap, the lower flange being fixedly attached to a lower base.
9. The high-temperature test device according to claim 8, wherein static seals are arranged between the upper flange and the upper end cover and between the lower flange and the lower base.
10. A high temperature test apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the tester comprises a standard creep machine and a tensile tester.
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| CN202110553853.8A CN113281371B (en) | 2021-05-20 | 2021-05-20 | Crack propagation deformation measuring device and high-temperature test device |
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| CN202110553853.8A CN113281371B (en) | 2021-05-20 | 2021-05-20 | Crack propagation deformation measuring device and high-temperature test device |
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| CN113281371B true CN113281371B (en) | 2023-03-24 |
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Citations (1)
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| US5275057A (en) * | 1992-08-20 | 1994-01-04 | Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. | Clip gage attachment for frictionless measurement of displacement during high-temperature mechanical testing |
| JPH11352037A (en) * | 1998-06-12 | 1999-12-24 | Japan Tobacco Inc | Testing machine for crack development |
| JP3864109B2 (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2006-12-27 | 東伸工業株式会社 | Crack opening displacement measuring instrument and its material testing apparatus |
| CN103884603A (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2014-06-25 | 华东理工大学 | Creep deformation-fatigue crack growth testing device and corresponding testing method |
| CN106840849A (en) * | 2017-02-16 | 2017-06-13 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of Metal Materials At High Temperature corrosive environment deformation measuring device |
| CN109520857B (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2021-04-27 | 华东理工大学 | High-flux small sample creep and creep crack propagation test device and using method thereof |
| CN212159392U (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2020-12-15 | 上海凯尔孚应力腐蚀试验设备有限公司 | Experimental device for measuring fatigue crack propagation under high-temperature conductive solution |
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| CN110296933A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-10-01 | 天津大学 | A kind of steel core concrete column push out test bond-slip measuring device |
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