CN113281069A - Method, device and medium for improving load precision of automobile rubber bushing endurance test - Google Patents
Method, device and medium for improving load precision of automobile rubber bushing endurance test Download PDFInfo
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- CN113281069A CN113281069A CN202110667846.0A CN202110667846A CN113281069A CN 113281069 A CN113281069 A CN 113281069A CN 202110667846 A CN202110667846 A CN 202110667846A CN 113281069 A CN113281069 A CN 113281069A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
- G01M17/007—Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles
- G01M17/04—Suspension or damping
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
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- G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for improving the load precision of an automobile rubber bushing endurance test and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining the maximum crack size C of the rubber bushing under the condition of a road test load spectrum0(ii) a Applying a bushing axial load U on the basis of a bushing finite element model1Calculating the liner strain field E11(ii) a Applying a bushing axial load-U on the basis of a bushing finite element model1Calculating the liner strain field E12(ii) a Will strain field E11、E12Inputting the material fatigue parameters into commercial fatigue software, setting the parameters to be constant-amplitude fatigue endurance, and defining cycle number N1Obtaining the maximum crack propagation size C of the rubber bushing structure1(ii) a According to C0And C1Determining rubber bushing bench test and the likeAn effective axial load spectrum; and changing the load direction of the rubber bushing, and determining the bench test load spectrum of other directions of the rubber bushing. The invention can improve the load precision in the durability bench test of the rubber bushing of the chassis of the passenger car.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of manufacturing of a rubber bushing of a passenger car chassis, in particular to a method, a device and a medium for improving the load precision of an automobile rubber bushing endurance test.
Background
Durability CAE simulation analysis and test verification are required to be carried out for development of the passenger car chassis rubber bushing, tests are generally divided into a road test and a bench test, the bench test is simple in method, low in site area and equipment requirements and short in test period compared with the road test, and the whole durability development process is run through, so that an accurate bench test load spectrum has important significance for supporting rubber bushing structure development and performance design.
After the suspension structure form of the passenger car is determined, the bushings connecting different structural members can generally determine the main bearing direction, so for a bench test, the main difficulty is to determine the durable load spectrum of the main bearing direction. For individual bushings for which the main load direction cannot be determined, it is necessary to determine the endurance load spectrum in 6 directions of the space.
The test load spectrum of the passenger car chassis rubber bushing rack is converted based on the road test load spectrum, and is mainly based on a strain-life curve of a material, which is generally called an E-N curve. The load spectrum conversion of a bench test of a passenger car chassis structure is mainly based on a stress-life curve of a material, which is called an S-N curve for short at present. Due to the super-elasticity and the Mueller effect of rubber materials, the same stress level of rubber corresponds to more than one strain, and therefore, the durability evaluation of the rubber bushing based on the S-N curve of the material generates larger errors. There are two main methods for the conversion of the load spectrum of the rubber bushing based on the E-N curve of the material, the first is to perform the E-N curve test of the bushing parts, and the second is to adopt the empirical E-N curve. The first method is too high in product development cost, and cannot consider the inconsistency of fatigue characteristics of different positions after the liner structure is formed, so that the practical operation significance is not great. The second method has low material curve accuracy, which results in low load spectrum accuracy and is not favorable for the design of the bushing performance.
In conclusion, the main problems existing in the existing load spectrum extraction of the durability test of the chassis rubber bushing rack of the passenger car are as follows: the precision of the load spectrum is limited by the precision of an E-N curve of a lining structure, so that the precision of the load spectrum is not high.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide a method, an apparatus and a medium for improving the load accuracy of the endurance test of the rubber bushing of the automobile to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method, a device and a medium for improving the load precision of an automobile rubber bushing endurance test, which can improve the load precision in a passenger car chassis rubber bushing endurance bench test.
In order to realize the purpose, the following technical scheme is provided:
a method for improving the load precision of an automobile rubber bushing endurance test comprises the following steps:
A. dividing a rubber bushing finite element grid to enable the position of the bushing to be consistent with the position of the bushing on a real vehicle, defining parameters of a rubber material super-elastic material, setting an outer sleeve and an inner sleeve of the rubber bushing as rigid bodies, applying boundary conditions to the outer sleeve of the rubber bushing, applying unit load to the inner sleeve of the rubber bushing, and establishing a finite element model of a Macpherson front suspension knuckle;
B. b, importing the finite element model established in the step A into commercial finite element software for calculation, and respectively obtaining strain fields E under the unit load condition in each direction of the rubber bushing0；
C. Subjecting the bushing to a unit load strain field E0Inputting the road test load spectrum and the material fatigue parameters into commercial fatigue software, solving the durability of the rubber bushing by using the crack propagation principle of the rubber material to obtain the fatigue crack size of the rubber bushing under the road test load spectrum condition, wherein the maximum crack size is recorded as C0；
D. Updating the inner sleeve load on the basis of the bushing finite element model in the step A, and applying the axial load U of the bushing1And the load in the other direction is cancelled,calculating the liner Strain field E11；
E. Updating the inner sleeve load on the basis of the bushing finite element model in the step A, applying the axial load-U1 of the bushing, canceling the loads in other directions, and calculating a bushing strain field E12；
F. Will strain field E11、E12Inputting the material fatigue parameters into commercial fatigue software, setting the parameters to be constant-amplitude fatigue endurance, and defining cycle number N1Obtaining the maximum crack propagation size C of the rubber bushing structure1；
G. According to C0And C1Determining an equivalent axial load spectrum of the rubber bushing bench test;
H. changing the load direction of the rubber bushing, repeating the steps D to G, and determining the bench test load spectrum of the rubber bushing in other directions through crack propagation equivalence.
As an alternative to the above method for improving the load accuracy of the endurance test of the rubber bushing of the automobile, the step G specifically includes:
g1, if C0＝C1Judging that the rubber bushing axial bench endurance test load spectrum is equivalent to the road test load spectrum, and determining the bench endurance load spectrum as follows: number of cycles N1Load [ U ]1,-U1]；
G2, if C0≠C1If the load spectrum of the rack is judged not to be equivalent to the load spectrum of the road test, the load spectrum is corrected by adopting a mode of adjusting cycle times or load.
As an alternative to the above method for improving the load accuracy of the endurance test of the rubber bushing of the automobile, in the step G2, the load spectrum is corrected by adjusting the number of cycles as follows:
g21, number of correction cycles N1*(C0/C1) Recalculating the maximum crack propagation size of the rubber structure, ensuring that the bench is equivalent to the road test examination, and finally determining the durability load spectrum of the bench as follows: number of cycles N1*(C0/C1) Load [ U ]1,-U1]。
As an alternative to the above method for improving the load accuracy of the endurance test of the rubber bushing of the automobile, in the step G2, the load spectrum is corrected by adjusting the load as follows:
g22, correcting the load in the steps D and E, correcting the load in the step D to be k × U1, correcting the load in the step five to be-k × U1, recalculating the maximum crack propagation size of the rubber structure until the bench load and the road load spectrum achieve the equivalent assessment on the rubber structure, and finally determining the bench endurance load spectrum as follows: number of cycles N1Load [ kU ]1,-kU1]And k is a load revision coefficient.
As an alternative to the above method for improving the load accuracy of the endurance test of the rubber bushing of the automobile, in the step C, the calculation formula of the crack propagation length C of the rubber bushing is as follows:
wherein c represents the crack propagation length of the rubber bushing, k1Is a material dependent constant, m represents the road load spectrum strain order, NiNumber of cycles, ε, representing the i-th order strain leveliRepresenting the i-th order level strain, and F represents the power exponent in the Thomas crack propagation model.
As an alternative to the above method for improving the load accuracy of the endurance test of the rubber bushing for an automobile, the method further comprises the steps of:
y, judging the revision condition of the single-shaft endurance working condition of the rubber bushing, and when the endurance test load spectrum of the single-shaft rack of the rubber bushing is not equivalent to the road test load spectrum, namely the maximum crack propagation size of the rubber structure is different, correcting the single-shaft endurance load spectrum, wherein the correction method comprises the following steps:
y10, if the rubber bushing has no crack propagation under the condition of the uniaxial durable load spectrum of the bench, the load spectrum is corrected by the following method:
y11, if the maximum strain of the rubber structure under the condition of the uniaxial endurance load is smaller than the fatigue limit of the rubber material, increasing the load to be 2 times of the original load, and calculating the maximum strain of the rubber bushing under the new load condition; if the maximum plastic strain of the rubber structure is still less than the fatigue limit of the material, increasing the load by 2 times until the maximum plastic strain of the rubber structure is greater than the fatigue limit of the material;
determining the cycle number and the loading condition of a uniaxial endurance loading spectrum according to a crack equivalent propagation principle based on a Thomas model, wherein the principle of the equivalent crack propagation basis is as follows:
wherein m represents the road load spectrum strain level, NiRepresenting the number of cycles, epsilon, of the i-th strain level load of the road load spectrumiRepresents the i-th level strain, and F represents the power exponent in the Thomas crack propagation model; epsilonpStrain level, N, representing p-th order uniaxial endurance loadpRepresents the number of cycles of the p-th uniaxial endurance load, kpRepresents the adjustment coefficient, (k)pNp) Representing the cycle times of the p-th-level uniaxial endurance load spectrum under the condition of endurance equivalent crack propagation of the road load spectrum;
y12, if the equivalent cycle number under the bushing endurance load condition exceeds 50 ten thousand, increasing the uniaxial endurance load to 1.2 times of the original load, and determining the cycle number and the load condition of the uniaxial endurance load spectrum according to the crack equivalent propagation principle, wherein the formula is as follows:
(kpNp)εp 2F＝Nqεq 2F
in the formula, epsilonpStrain level, N, representing p-th order uniaxial endurance loadpRepresents the number of cycles of the p-th uniaxial endurance load, kpRepresents the adjustment coefficient, (k)pNp) Representing the cycle times of the p-th-level uniaxial endurance load spectrum under the condition of endurance equivalent crack propagation of the road load spectrum; epsilonqStrain level representing q-th order uniaxial endurance load, NqRepresenting the number of cycles of the q-th uniaxial endurance load under the endurance equivalent crack propagation condition of the road load spectrum.
As an alternative to the above method for improving the load accuracy of the endurance test of the rubber bushing of the automobile, the step Y further includes:
y20, if the maximum crack propagation length of the rubber bushing under the condition of the bench uniaxial endurance load spectrum is smaller than the maximum crack propagation length of the rubber structure under the condition of the road test load spectrum, namely C1＜C0Then, the load spectrum correction is performed by the following method:
y21, if C1＞0.1*C0And correcting the single-shaft endurance load spectrum by adopting a mode of adjusting the endurance cycle times according to the following formula:
Nr＝N1*(C0/C1)
in the formula, N1Representing loads [ U1, -U1]Number of cycles of (C)1Representing loads [ U1, -U1]Number of cycles N1Maximum crack propagation length of rubber structure under conditions, C0Representing the maximum crack propagation length, N, of the rubber structure under the load spectrum of the road testrRepresents [ U ]1，-U1]The number of durable cycles equivalent to the road test load spectrum under the load condition;
y22, if C1＜0.1*C0Or after the step G2231, the equivalent uniaxial endurance cycle number of the rubber structure is more than 50 ten thousand, and the uniaxial endurance load spectrum is corrected in a mode of adjusting the endurance load until the equivalent uniaxial endurance cycle number is less than 50 ten thousand.
As an alternative to the above method for improving the load accuracy of the endurance test of the rubber bushing of the automobile, the step Y specifically includes:
y30, if the maximum crack propagation length of the rubber bushing under the condition of the stand uniaxial endurance load spectrum is larger than the maximum crack length of the rubber structure under the condition of the road test load spectrum, namely C1＞C0The load spectrum is corrected by adjusting the endurance cycle times according to the following formula:
Ns＝N1*(C0/C1)
in the formula, N1Representative load [ U1，-U1]Number of cycles of (C)1Representative load [ U1，-U1]Maximum crack propagation length of rubber Structure under the number of cycles N1, C0Representing the maximum crack propagation length, N, of the rubber structure under the load spectrum of the road testsRepresents [ U ]1，-U1]And (3) the number of endurance cycles equivalent to the load spectrum of a road test under the load condition.
A device for improving the endurance test load precision of a rubber bushing of an automobile chassis comprises:
one or more processors;
a memory for storing one or more programs;
when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the method for improving the endurance test loading accuracy of an automotive rubber bushing as described above.
A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which program, when being executed by a processor, carries out the method of improving the load accuracy of an endurance test of a rubber bushing for an automobile as described above.
The invention has the advantages that: the bench test load spectrum is determined through the strain field E of the rubber material, the fatigue parameter of the rubber material and the defined cycle number N, namely the E-N curve of the rubber material is adopted to determine the bench test load spectrum, and the error of describing the durability of the rubber material through the S-N curve is eliminated. Meanwhile, the invention can also eliminate the influence of the local E-N curve of the part structure on the load extraction precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a rubber bushing according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view schematically illustrating the rubber bushing of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for improving the load accuracy of an endurance test of a rubber bushing of an automobile according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a simplified flowchart of another embodiment of the method for improving the load accuracy of the endurance test of the rubber bushing of the vehicle according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention.
Example one
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for improving the load precision of an automobile rubber bushing endurance test. As shown in fig. 1, the method for improving the load accuracy of the endurance test of the rubber bushing of the automobile comprises the following steps:
A. the method comprises the steps of dividing a rubber bushing finite element grid, enabling the position of the bushing to be consistent with the position of a real vehicle, defining parameters of a rubber material super-elastic material, setting an outer sleeve and an inner sleeve of the rubber bushing as rigid bodies, applying boundary conditions to the outer sleeve of the rubber bushing, applying unit load to the inner sleeve of the rubber bushing, and establishing a finite element model of the Macpherson front suspension knuckle.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the rubber bushing includes a rubber bushing outer sleeve 100, a rubber bushing inner sleeve 200, and a rubber bushing rubber structure 300 connecting the rubber bushing outer sleeve 100 and the rubber bushing inner sleeve 200.
In step a, the division of the finite element mesh is already the prior art, and is not described herein again. In step a, the parameters of the superelastic material can be defined based on a variety of constitutive relations, and the required parameters are not completely the same. Taking the Mooner Rivlin model as an example, three parameters of the superelastic material need to be defined: c10、C01、D1，C10、C01、D1For three parameters in the Mooner Rivlin model, the Mooner Rivlin model is a common function model, which is the prior art and has the expression:
C10、C01、D1i.e. three parameters in the formula, which are not described herein again. In step a, the type of unit load applied to the inner sleeve of the bushing is a displacement load.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for improving the load accuracy of the endurance test of the rubber bushing of the automobile further comprises the following steps:
step B, importing the finite element model established in the step A into commercial finite element software for calculation, and respectively obtaining a strain field E under the unit load condition in each direction of the rubber bushing0。
Specifically, in step B, the model is directly imported into general finite element software for analysis and calculation, such as Abaqus and Nastran software.
In the step B, if the size of the grid at the large strain position in the rubber bushing is large or the quality of the grid is poor, the work of the step A and the work of the step B are required to be carried out again, and in the step A, the grid is refined and the quality of the grid is improved aiming at the large strain position so as to improve the stress analysis precision.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for improving the load accuracy of the endurance test of the rubber bushing of the automobile further comprises the following steps:
step C, subjecting the bushing to a unit load strain field E0Inputting the road test load spectrum and the material fatigue parameters into commercial fatigue software, solving the durability of the rubber bushing by using the crack propagation principle of the rubber material to obtain the fatigue crack size of the rubber bushing under the road test load spectrum condition, wherein the maximum crack size is recorded as C0。
Specifically, in the step C, the road test load spectrum is obtained through a road test, and the road test load spectrum is a random fatigue endurance load spectrum with a variable amplitude and has no obvious cycle characteristics.
In the step C, the rubber material expansion principle is a basic technology of rubber durability analysis, and the main rubber fatigue analysis software in the market at present, such as ENDURICA, FE-SAFE and the like, performs durability analysis based on the technology.
In step C, the material fatigue parameters are parameters necessary for the durability analysis of the rubber material, and include, but are not limited to, parameters such as maximum tear energy, crack propagation factor, and intrinsic crack size of the material.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for improving the load accuracy of the endurance test of the rubber bushing of the automobile further comprises the following steps:
D. updating the inner sleeve load on the basis of the bushing finite element model in the step A, and applying a bushing shaftTo the load U1And canceling the load in other directions and calculating the strain field E of the lining11；
E. Updating the inner sleeve load on the basis of the bushing finite element model in the step A, applying the axial load-U1 of the bushing, canceling the loads in other directions, and calculating a bushing strain field E12。
Specifically, the displacement loads with the same magnitude and opposite directions are loaded in the step D and the step E, and the loading sequence has no specific requirements.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for improving the load accuracy of the endurance test of the rubber bushing of the automobile further comprises the following steps:
F. will strain field E11、E12Inputting the material fatigue parameters into commercial fatigue software, setting the parameters to be constant-amplitude fatigue endurance, and defining cycle number N1Obtaining the maximum crack propagation size C of the rubber bushing structure1。
In particular, the parameters involved in step F are identical to those of step C. The constant amplitude endurance in the step F is a fatigue type, and is characterized in that the upper load limit and the lower load limit of each cycle are equal.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for improving the load accuracy of the endurance test of the rubber bushing of the automobile further comprises the following steps:
G. according to C0And C1And determining the equivalent axial load spectrum of the rubber bushing bench test.
In an embodiment, the step G specifically includes:
g1, if C0＝C1Judging that the rubber bushing axial bench endurance test load spectrum is equivalent to the road test load spectrum, and determining the bench endurance load spectrum as follows: number of cycles N1Load [ U ]1,-U1]；
G2, if C0≠C1If the load spectrum of the rack is judged not to be equivalent to the load spectrum of the road test, the load spectrum is corrected by adopting a mode of adjusting cycle times or load.
In an embodiment, the load spectrum is corrected in step G2 by adjusting the number of cycles as follows:
g21, number of correction cyclesIs N1*(C0/C1) Recalculating the maximum crack propagation size of the rubber structure, ensuring that the bench is equivalent to the road test examination, and finally determining the durability load spectrum of the bench as follows: number of cycles N1*(C0/C1) Load [ U ]1,-U1]。
In an embodiment, the load spectrum is modified in step G2 by adjusting the load as follows:
g22, correcting the load in the steps D and E, correcting the load in the step D to be k × U1, correcting the load in the step five to be-k × U1, recalculating the maximum crack propagation size of the rubber structure until the bench load and the road load spectrum achieve the equivalent assessment on the rubber structure, and finally determining the bench endurance load spectrum as follows: number of cycles N1Load [ kU ]1,-kU1]And k is a load revision coefficient.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for improving the load accuracy of the endurance test of the rubber bushing of the automobile further comprises the following steps:
H. changing the load direction of the rubber bushing, repeating the steps D to G, and determining the bench test load spectrum of the rubber bushing in other directions through crack propagation equivalence.
Specifically, the relationship between the steps G21 and the steps G22 is an alternative, and the bench test load spectrum can be corrected only by one of the methods.
In step G22, there is no linear relationship between the load and the crack size, so the crack propagation size of the rubber bushing needs to be recalculated after the load is corrected.
In step H, a bench endurance load spectrum of the rubber bushing in any direction can be fitted.
In the steps F, G and H, the circulation frequency is ensured to be less than 50 ten thousand, preferably the final circulation frequency is determined to be about 10 ten thousand, the structure is ensured to be in a high-cycle fatigue process, and the test period is ensured to meet the requirement of rapid verification of the rack.
In an embodiment, in step C, the rubber bushing crack propagation length C is solved by using a rubber fatigue crack propagation model based on Thomas theory, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein c represents the crack propagation length of the rubber bushing, k1Is a material dependent constant, m represents the road load spectrum strain order, NiNumber of cycles, ε, representing the i-th order strain leveliRepresenting the i-th order level strain, and F represents the power exponent in the Thomas crack propagation model.
In other words, the method for improving the load precision of the automobile rubber bushing endurance test can be roughly summarized as follows:
1) before the fatigue analysis of the load spectrum of the rubber bushing road test, the information of a rubber material, the information of the load spectrum of the road test and a load channel corresponding to the load channel are determined;
2) performing endurance condition strain response analysis to obtain unit load strain response corresponding to each load spectrum channel;
3) solving the durable crack propagation length of the road test load spectrum of the rubber bushing, and solving by using a rubber fatigue crack propagation model based on the Thomas theory, wherein the crack propagation formula is as follows:
wherein c represents the crack propagation length of the rubber bushing, k1Is a material dependent constant, m represents the road load spectrum strain order, NiNumber of cycles, ε, representing the i-th order strain leveliRepresenting the i-th order level strain, and F represents the power exponent in the Thomas crack propagation model.
4) Determining a loading point and a loading direction of a single-shaft endurance load spectrum of the rubber bushing, and solving a strain field of a single-shaft endurance working condition;
5) based on Thomas theory, solving the extension length of the single-axis durable crack of the bushing, and determining the cycle number of the single-axis durable load spectrum and the corresponding load condition according to the crack equivalent extension theory, wherein the crack equivalent extension formula is as follows:
wherein m represents the strain level of the lining under the condition of road load spectrum, NiNumber of cycles, ε, representing the level of strain of the i-th orderiRepresents the i-th level strain, F represents the power exponent in the Thomas crack propagation model, and NjRepresenting the number of uniaxial endurance cycles, ε, for the strain level of jjRepresenting a level of strain of j.
In an embodiment, referring to fig. 4, the method for improving the endurance test load accuracy of the rubber bushing of the automobile further includes the step of correcting the endurance test load of the rubber bushing of the chassis of the passenger car:
and step Y, judging the revision condition of the single-shaft endurance working condition of the rubber bushing, and when the endurance test load spectrum of the single-shaft rack of the rubber bushing is not equivalent to the road test load spectrum, namely the maximum crack propagation size of the rubber structure is different, correcting the single-shaft endurance load spectrum, wherein the correction method comprises the following steps of:
y10, if the rubber bushing has no crack propagation under the condition of the uniaxial durable load spectrum of the bench, the load spectrum is corrected by the following method:
y11, if the maximum strain of the rubber structure under the condition of the uniaxial endurance load is smaller than the fatigue limit of the rubber material, increasing the load to be 2 times of the original load, and calculating the maximum strain of the rubber bushing under the new load condition; if the maximum plastic strain of the rubber structure is still less than the fatigue limit of the material, increasing the load by 2 times until the maximum plastic strain of the rubber structure is greater than the fatigue limit of the material;
determining the cycle number and the loading condition of a uniaxial endurance loading spectrum according to a crack equivalent propagation principle based on a Thomas model, wherein the principle of the equivalent crack propagation basis is as follows:
wherein m represents the road load spectrum strain level, NiRepresenting the number of cycles, epsilon, of the i-th strain level load of the road load spectrumiRepresents the i-th level strain, and F represents the power exponent in the Thomas crack propagation model; epsilonpStrain level, N, representing p-th order uniaxial endurance loadpRepresents the number of cycles of the p-th uniaxial endurance load, kpRepresents the adjustment coefficient, (k)pNp) Representing the cycle times of the p-th-grade uniaxial endurance load spectrum under the endurance equivalent crack propagation condition of the road load spectrum.
And if the maximum strain of the rubber structure under the condition of the uniaxial endurance load is still less than the fatigue limit of the rubber material, increasing the uniaxial endurance load by 2 times again until the maximum strain of the rubber structure exceeds the fatigue limit of the rubber material, and determining the number of the uniaxial endurance cycles of the equivalent rubber bushing.
Y12, if the equivalent cycle number under the bushing endurance load condition exceeds 50 ten thousand, increasing the uniaxial endurance load to 1.2 times of the original load, and determining the cycle number and the load condition of the uniaxial endurance load spectrum according to the crack equivalent propagation principle, wherein the formula is as follows:
(kpNp)εp 2F＝Nqεq 2F
in the formula, epsilonpStrain level, N, representing p-th order uniaxial endurance loadpRepresents the number of cycles of the p-th uniaxial endurance load, kpRepresents the adjustment coefficient, (k)pNp) Representing the cycle times of the p-th-level uniaxial endurance load spectrum under the condition of endurance equivalent crack propagation of the road load spectrum; epsilonqStrain level representing q-th order uniaxial endurance load, NqRepresenting the number of cycles of the q-th uniaxial endurance load under the endurance equivalent crack propagation condition of the road load spectrum.
And if the equivalent cyclic load of the rubber bushing under the condition of the single-shaft durable load is still more than 50 ten thousand times, determining the cyclic frequency of the equivalent single-shaft durable load after the single-shaft durable load is increased by 1.2 times, and till the cyclic frequency is less than 50 ten thousand times.
In one embodiment, step Y further includes:
y20, if stand is single-axis durableUnder the condition of a long-time load spectrum, the maximum crack propagation length of the rubber bushing is smaller than that of the rubber structure under the condition of a road test load spectrum, namely C1＜C0Then, the load spectrum correction is performed by the following method:
y21, if C1＞0.1*C0And correcting the single-shaft endurance load spectrum by adopting a mode of adjusting the endurance cycle times according to the following formula:
Nr＝N1*(C0/C1)
in the formula, N1Representing loads [ U1, -U1]Number of cycles of (C)1Representing loads [ U1, -U1]Number of cycles N1Maximum crack propagation length of rubber structure under conditions, C0Representing the maximum crack propagation length, N, of the rubber structure under the load spectrum of the road testrRepresents [ U ]1，-U1]The number of durable cycles equivalent to the road test load spectrum under the load condition;
y22, if C1＜0.1*C0Or after the step G2231, the equivalent uniaxial endurance cycle number of the rubber structure is more than 50 ten thousand, and the uniaxial endurance load spectrum is corrected in a mode of adjusting the endurance load until the equivalent uniaxial endurance cycle number is less than 50 ten thousand. The uniaxial endurance load spectrum correction method is shown as step Y12.
In one embodiment, step Y further includes:
y30, if the maximum crack propagation length of the rubber bushing under the condition of the stand uniaxial endurance load spectrum is larger than the maximum crack length of the rubber structure under the condition of the road test load spectrum, namely C1＞C0The load spectrum is corrected by adjusting the endurance cycle times according to the following formula:
Ns＝N1*(C0/C1)
in the formula, N1Representative load [ U1，-U1]Number of cycles of (C)1Representative load [ U1，-U1]Maximum crack propagation length of rubber Structure under the number of cycles N1, C0Representing the rubber structure under the load spectrum condition of the road testLarge crack propagation length, NsRepresents [ U ]1,-U1]And (3) the number of endurance cycles equivalent to the load spectrum of a road test under the load condition.
Example two
Based on the method for improving the load precision of the endurance test of the automobile rubber bushing, the second embodiment of the invention also provides a device for improving the load precision of the endurance test of the automobile rubber bushing, and the device comprises but is not limited to: one or more processors and memory.
The memory is used as a computer readable storage medium and can be used for storing software programs, computer executable programs and modules, such as program instructions corresponding to the method for improving the endurance test load accuracy of the rubber bushing of the automobile in the embodiment of the invention. The processor executes various functional applications and data processing of the vehicle by running software programs, instructions and modules stored in the memory, namely, the method for improving the endurance test load accuracy of the rubber bushing of the automobile is realized.
The memory can mainly comprise a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area can store an operating system and an application program required by at least one function; the storage data area may store data created according to the use of the terminal, and the like. Further, the memory may include high speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-volatile solid state storage device. In some examples, the memory may further include memory remotely located from the processor, and these remote memories may be connected to the vehicle over a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the internet, intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.
EXAMPLE III
The third embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, where the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements a method for improving the endurance test load accuracy of an automotive rubber bushing, and the method for improving the endurance test load accuracy of an automotive rubber bushing includes the following steps:
A. dividing a rubber bushing finite element grid to enable the position of the bushing to be consistent with the position of the bushing on a real vehicle, defining parameters of a rubber material super-elastic material, setting an outer sleeve and an inner sleeve of the rubber bushing as rigid bodies, applying boundary conditions to the outer sleeve of the rubber bushing, applying unit load to the inner sleeve of the rubber bushing, and establishing a finite element model of a Macpherson front suspension knuckle;
B. b, importing the finite element model established in the step A into commercial finite element software for calculation, and respectively obtaining strain fields E under the unit load condition in each direction of the rubber bushing0；
C. Subjecting the bushing to a unit load strain field E0Inputting the road test load spectrum and the material fatigue parameters into commercial fatigue software, solving the durability of the rubber bushing by using the crack propagation principle of the rubber material to obtain the fatigue crack size of the rubber bushing under the road test load spectrum condition, wherein the maximum crack size is recorded as C0；
D. Updating the inner sleeve load on the basis of the bushing finite element model in the step A, and applying the axial load U of the bushing1And canceling the load in other directions and calculating the strain field E of the lining11；
E. Updating the inner sleeve load on the basis of the bushing finite element model in the step A, and applying the axial load-U of the bushing1And canceling the load in other directions and calculating the strain field E of the lining12；
F. Will strain field E11、E12Inputting the material fatigue parameters into commercial fatigue software, setting the parameters to be constant-amplitude fatigue endurance, and defining cycle number N1Obtaining the maximum crack propagation size C of the rubber bushing structure1；
G. According to C0And C1Determining an equivalent axial load spectrum of the rubber bushing bench test;
H. changing the load direction of the rubber bushing, repeating the steps D to G, and determining the bench test load spectrum of the rubber bushing in other directions through crack propagation equivalence.
Of course, the embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, and the computer-executable instructions thereof are not limited to the operations of the method described above, and may also perform related operations in the method for improving the load accuracy of the endurance test of the rubber bushing of the automobile provided by any embodiment of the present invention.
Those of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware or combinations of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present application.
In the above embodiments, the implementation may be wholly or partially realized by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. The procedures or functions described in accordance with the embodiments of the invention are all or partially effected when the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a network of computers, or other programmable device. The computer instructions may be stored on or transmitted over a computer-readable storage medium. The computer instructions may be transmitted from one website site, computer, server, or data center to another website site, computer, server, or data center by wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.). The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device, such as a server, a data center, etc., that incorporates one or more of the available media. The available media may be magnetic media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, tapes), optical media (e.g., DVDs), or semiconductor media (e.g., Solid State Disks (SSDs)), among others.
In the above embodiment, each included unit and module is only divided according to functional logic, but is not limited to the above division as long as the corresponding function can be realized; in addition, specific names of the functional units are only for convenience of distinguishing from each other, and are not used for limiting the protection scope of the present invention.
It is to be noted that the foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving the load precision of an automobile rubber bushing endurance test is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. dividing a rubber bushing finite element grid to enable the position of the bushing to be consistent with the position of the bushing on a real vehicle, defining parameters of a rubber material super-elastic material, setting an outer sleeve and an inner sleeve of the rubber bushing as rigid bodies, applying boundary conditions to the outer sleeve of the rubber bushing, applying unit load to the inner sleeve of the rubber bushing, and establishing a finite element model of a Macpherson front suspension knuckle;
B. b, importing the finite element model established in the step A into commercial finite element software for calculation, and respectively obtaining strain fields E under the unit load condition in each direction of the rubber bushing0；
C. Subjecting the bushing to a unit load strain field E0Inputting the road test load spectrum and the material fatigue parameters into commercial fatigue software, solving the durability of the rubber bushing by using the crack propagation principle of the rubber material to obtain the fatigue crack size of the rubber bushing under the road test load spectrum condition, wherein the maximum crack size is recorded as C0；
D. Updating the inner part on the basis of the finite element model of the lining in the step ASleeve loading, applying axial liner loading U1And canceling the load in other directions and calculating the strain field E of the lining11；
E. Updating the inner sleeve load on the basis of the bushing finite element model in the step A, and applying the axial load-U of the bushing1And canceling the load in other directions and calculating the strain field E of the lining12；
F. Will strain field E11、E12Inputting the material fatigue parameters into commercial fatigue software, setting the parameters to be constant-amplitude fatigue endurance, and defining cycle number N1Obtaining the maximum crack propagation size C of the rubber bushing structure1；
G. According to C0And C1Determining an equivalent axial load spectrum of the rubber bushing bench test;
H. changing the load direction of the rubber bushing, repeating the steps D to G, and determining the bench test load spectrum of the rubber bushing in other directions through crack propagation equivalence.
2. The method for improving the load accuracy of the endurance test of the rubber bushing of the automobile according to claim 1, wherein the step G specifically comprises:
g1, if C0＝C1Judging that the rubber bushing axial bench endurance test load spectrum is equivalent to the road test load spectrum, and determining the bench endurance load spectrum as follows: number of cycles N1Load [ U ]1,-U1]；
G2, if C0≠C1If the load spectrum of the rack is judged not to be equivalent to the load spectrum of the road test, the load spectrum is corrected by adopting a mode of adjusting cycle times or load.
3. The method for improving the load accuracy of the endurance test of the rubber bushing of the automobile according to claim 2, wherein the load spectrum is corrected by adjusting the number of cycles in the step G2 as follows:
g21, number of correction cycles N1*(C0/C1) Recalculating the maximum crack propagation size of the rubber structure to ensure the bench and the trackAnd (3) equivalent road test examination, and finally determining the durability load spectrum of the rack as follows: number of cycles N1*(C0/C1) Load [ U ]1,-U1]。
4. The method for improving the endurance test load accuracy of the rubber bushing of claim 2, wherein the load spectrum correction is performed in step G2 by adjusting the load as follows:
g22, correcting the load in the steps D and E, correcting the load in the step D to be k × U1, correcting the load in the step five to be-k × U1, recalculating the maximum crack propagation size of the rubber structure until the bench load and the road load spectrum achieve the equivalent assessment on the rubber structure, and finally determining the bench endurance load spectrum as follows: number of cycles N1Load [ kU ]1,-kU1]And k is a load revision coefficient.
5. The method for improving the endurance test load accuracy of the rubber bushing of the automobile according to claim 1, wherein in the step C, the crack propagation length C of the rubber bushing is calculated by the following formula:
wherein c represents the crack propagation length of the rubber bushing, k1Is a material dependent constant, m represents the road load spectrum strain order, NiNumber of cycles, ε, representing the i-th order strain leveliRepresenting the i-th order level strain, and F represents the power exponent in the Thomas crack propagation model.
6. The method for improving the load accuracy of the endurance test of the rubber bushing of the automobile according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
y, judging the revision condition of the single-shaft endurance working condition of the rubber bushing, and when the endurance test load spectrum of the single-shaft rack of the rubber bushing is not equivalent to the road test load spectrum, namely the maximum crack propagation size of the rubber structure is different, correcting the single-shaft endurance load spectrum, wherein the correction method comprises the following steps:
y10, if the rubber bushing has no crack propagation under the condition of the uniaxial durable load spectrum of the bench, the load spectrum is corrected by the following method:
y11, if the maximum strain of the rubber structure under the condition of the uniaxial endurance load is smaller than the fatigue limit of the rubber material, increasing the load to be 2 times of the original load, and calculating the maximum strain of the rubber bushing under the new load condition; if the maximum plastic strain of the rubber structure is still less than the fatigue limit of the material, increasing the load by 2 times until the maximum plastic strain of the rubber structure is greater than the fatigue limit of the material;
determining the cycle number and the loading condition of a uniaxial endurance loading spectrum according to a crack equivalent propagation principle based on a Thomas model, wherein the principle of the equivalent crack propagation basis is as follows:
wherein m represents the road load spectrum strain level, NiRepresenting the number of cycles, epsilon, of the i-th strain level load of the road load spectrumiRepresents the i-th level strain, and F represents the power exponent in the Thomas crack propagation model; epsilonpStrain level, N, representing p-th order uniaxial endurance loadpRepresents the number of cycles of the p-th uniaxial endurance load, kpRepresents the adjustment coefficient, (k)pNp) Representing the cycle times of the p-th-level uniaxial endurance load spectrum under the condition of endurance equivalent crack propagation of the road load spectrum;
y12, if the equivalent cycle number under the bushing endurance load condition exceeds 50 ten thousand, increasing the uniaxial endurance load to 1.2 times of the original load, and determining the cycle number and the load condition of the uniaxial endurance load spectrum according to the crack equivalent propagation principle, wherein the formula is as follows:
(kpNp)εp 2F＝NQεQ 2F
in the formula, epsilonpRepresenting p-th order uniaxial endurance loadLevel of strain, NpRepresents the number of cycles of the p-th uniaxial endurance load, kpRepresents the adjustment coefficient, (k)pNp) Representing the cycle times of the p-th-level uniaxial endurance load spectrum under the condition of endurance equivalent crack propagation of the road load spectrum; epsilonqStrain level representing q-th order uniaxial endurance load, NqRepresenting the number of cycles of the q-th uniaxial endurance load under the endurance equivalent crack propagation condition of the road load spectrum.
7. The method for improving the endurance test load accuracy of the rubber bushing for an automobile according to claim 6, wherein the step Y further comprises:
y20, if the maximum crack propagation length of the rubber bushing under the condition of the bench uniaxial endurance load spectrum is smaller than the maximum crack propagation length of the rubber structure under the condition of the road test load spectrum, namely C1<C0Then, the load spectrum correction is performed by the following method:
y21, if C1>0.1*C0And correcting the single-shaft endurance load spectrum by adopting a mode of adjusting the endurance cycle times according to the following formula:
Nr＝N1*(C0/C1)
in the formula, N1Representing loads [ U1, -U1]Number of cycles of (C)1Representing loads [ U1, -U1]Number of cycles N1Maximum crack propagation length of rubber structure under conditions, C0Representing the maximum crack propagation length, N, of the rubber structure under the load spectrum of the road testrRepresents [ U ]1,-U1]The number of durable cycles equivalent to the road test load spectrum under the load condition;
y22, if C1<0.1*C0Or after the step G2231, the equivalent uniaxial endurance cycle number of the rubber structure is more than 50 ten thousand, and the uniaxial endurance load spectrum is corrected in a mode of adjusting the endurance load until the equivalent uniaxial endurance cycle number is less than 50 ten thousand.
8. The method for improving the endurance test load accuracy of the rubber bushing of the automobile according to claim 7, wherein the step Y specifically comprises:
y30, if the maximum crack propagation length of the rubber bushing under the condition of the stand uniaxial endurance load spectrum is larger than the maximum crack length of the rubber structure under the condition of the road test load spectrum, namely C1>C0The load spectrum is corrected by adjusting the endurance cycle times according to the following formula:
Ns＝N1*(C0/C1)
in the formula, N1Representative load [ U1,-U1]Number of cycles of (C)1Representative load [ U1,-U1]Maximum crack propagation length of rubber Structure under the number of cycles N1, C0Representing the maximum crack propagation length, N, of the rubber structure under the load spectrum of the road testsRepresents [ U ]1,-U1]And (3) the number of endurance cycles equivalent to the load spectrum of a road test under the load condition.
9. The utility model provides an improve device of vehicle chassis rubber bushing endurance test load precision which characterized in that includes:
one or more processors;
a memory for storing one or more programs;
when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the method for improving the endurance test load accuracy of an automotive rubber bushing as recited in any one of claims 1-8.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which program, when being executed by a processor, is adapted to carry out the method of improving the endurance test load accuracy of a rubber bushing for an automobile of any one of claims 1 to 8.
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