CN113278439A - Preparation of bone-based biochar and application of bone-based biochar in carbon dioxide reduction - Google Patents

Preparation of bone-based biochar and application of bone-based biochar in carbon dioxide reduction Download PDF

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CN113278439A
CN113278439A CN202110616544.0A CN202110616544A CN113278439A CN 113278439 A CN113278439 A CN 113278439A CN 202110616544 A CN202110616544 A CN 202110616544A CN 113278439 A CN113278439 A CN 113278439A
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bone
based biochar
reaction kettle
solid
hydrothermal
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袁浩然
郑涛
王亚琢
张香平
苏毅
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Huzhou Zhuyuan Circular Economy Industry Innovation Center Guangzhou Institute Of Energy Chinese Academy Of Sciences
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Huzhou Zhuyuan Circular Economy Industry Innovation Center Guangzhou Institute Of Energy Chinese Academy Of Sciences
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/04—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
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    • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
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    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of bone-based biochar and application of the bone-based biochar in catalyzing electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide. A bone-based biochar is prepared by the following steps: (1) pretreatment of raw materials: cleaning animal bones with deionized water, drying in an oven overnight at 60 ℃, and crushing the dried solid to a particle size of 1-3 cm; (2) hydrothermal pre-carbonization: mixing the solid powder obtained in the step (1) and a calcium nitrate solution according to the weight ratio of (2-6) g: placing 50mL of the mixture into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, sealing the reaction kettle, placing the reaction kettle into an oven, heating the reaction kettle to carry out hydrothermal pre-carbonization at 200-280 ℃, filtering out solids after the reaction kettle is cooled to room temperature, cleaning and drying; (3) high-temperature pyrolysis: and (3) putting the solid obtained in the step (2) into a tubular furnace, pyrolyzing the solid at the high temperature of 700-800 ℃ for 1-3 h in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a solid product, and crushing the solid product to 100-150 meshes to obtain the bone-based biochar. The invention prepares the bone-based biochar rich in Ca and P as a catalyst for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide by hydrothermal carbonization coupled high-temperature pyrolysis of animal bones, and provides an effective way for biomass material and resource utilization of animal bones.

Description

Preparation of bone-based biochar and application of bone-based biochar in carbon dioxide reduction
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of chemical environmental protection and biomass waste recycling, in particular to preparation of bone-based biochar and application of the bone-based biochar in carbon dioxide reduction.
Background
Carbon dioxide is one of the main greenhouse gases and is also a carbon-resource that is abundant, renewable, inexpensive, and readily available. Under natural conditions, photosynthesis in green plants can transfer significant amounts of CO2But CO remains2The amount is still large and there is still a large amount of carbon dioxide emitted to the atmosphere by the combustion of coal, oil and natural gas every day. Thus, CO reduction2And CO and2the conversion into renewable fuels or commercial chemicals is a research hotspot in the current environmental and energy fields, and has very application prospects. But the carbon dioxide has stable chemical property and is not easy to be converted and utilized. Since 1870, attempts have been made to find CO2Is highly efficient and stableSuch as biological reduction, thermal reduction, photoreduction, electroreduction, etc. The electrochemical reduction method is to utilize electric energy to convert CO into water solvent or non-water solvent by using a cathode, an anode and other electrifying devices2Conversion to hydrocarbons, alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters, etc. at the cathode with OH-One technique for oxidation to oxygen at the anode is considered to be a potentially efficient method of obtaining useful industrial chemicals and liquid fuels. However, the technology has the defects of low current density, poor product selectivity, low conversion efficiency, easy inactivation of an electrode/catalyst and the like at normal temperature and normal pressure. At present, CO2The electrochemical reduction improvement work mainly focuses on the exploration of novel catalysts, reaction conditions, electrochemical reactors and the like, wherein the development of the novel catalysts is one of simpler and more effective methods.
CO developed to date2Electrochemical reduction catalysts can be broadly classified into two major types, namely, metallic and non-metallic catalysts. The previous research mainly focuses on the development of metal catalysts, including precious metals, simple metals, metal compounds, alloys, organic metal complexes, etc., but the metal catalysts have the limitations of scarcity, high cost, serious pollution, easy poisoning and deactivation, etc., and in recent years, the non-metal catalysts are gradually receiving the attention of researchers.
On the other hand, animal bones are a kind of solid waste generated in daily life of people, and the daily production amount is relatively large. In China, animal bones are generally composted together with kitchen waste to be made into fertilizers for treatment. In addition, animal bones are rich in phosphorus, and the phosphorus is widely used as a phosphate fertilizer in horticultural products at the early stage, but most of the phosphorus in the animal bones is phosphorus which cannot be absorbed and utilized by plants, so people gradually lose interest in the phosphorus. The research of early researchers shows that animal bones are rich in heteroatoms such as Ca and P, and the heteroatoms are effective active sites for catalyzing the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide, so that the preparation of the biochar by taking the animal bones as raw materials for catalyzing the electrochemical reduction of the carbon dioxide has great research significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of bone-based biochar and application thereof in catalyzing electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide.
The invention aims to provide a bone-based biochar preparation method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw materials: cleaning animal bones with deionized water, drying in an oven overnight at 60 ℃, and crushing the dried solid to a particle size of 1-3 cm;
(2) hydrothermal pre-carbonization: putting the solid powder obtained in the step (1) and 0.1 mol/L calcium nitrate solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, sealing the reaction kettle, then putting the reaction kettle into an oven, heating the reaction kettle for hydrothermal precarbonization, filtering out solids after the reaction kettle is cooled to room temperature, cleaning and drying the solids;
(3) high-temperature pyrolysis: and (3) putting the solid obtained in the step (2) into a tubular furnace, carrying out high-temperature pyrolysis in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a solid product, and crushing the solid product to 100-150 meshes to obtain the bone-based biochar.
Further, the animal bone in the step (2) may be one or more of pig bone, chicken bone, cattle bone or sheep bone.
Further, in the hydrothermal precarbonization in the step (2), the material ratio of the solid powder to the calcium nitrate solution is 2g, 3g, 4g, 5g, 6g of bone solid powder: 50mL of 0.1 mol/L calcium nitrate solution.
Further, the hydrothermal pre-carbonization temperature in the step (2) is 200 ℃, 220 ℃, 240 ℃, 260 ℃ or 280 ℃.
Further, the high-temperature pyrolysis temperature in the step (3) is 700 ℃, 800 ℃ or 900 ℃, and the pyrolysis time is 1h, 2h or 3 h.
The bone-based biochar prepared by the preparation method has a good pore structure, is uniform in shape and size distribution, is doped with more heteroatoms such as Ca and P, and can be used as a catalyst for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, Ca and P heteroatom in-situ doped biochar is prepared from animal bones by a hydrothermal pre-carbonization coupling high-temperature pyrolysis method and is used as a catalyst for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide, the raw materials are cheap and easily available, the preparation steps are simple, the use is green and environment-friendly, and a new idea is provided for biomass material conversion and resource utilization of animal bones.
(2) The bone-based biochar prepared by the invention realizes the high-efficiency doping of Ca and P heteroatoms due to the characteristics of the raw materials and the addition of certain Ca in the hydrothermal pre-carbonization process, so that more catalytic active sites can be provided, and the existence of the Ca is favorable for capturing CO in the electrolyte2The catalytic performance is further improved from the side.
(3) The electrochemical representation of the Ca and P in-situ doped biochar prepared by the invention shows high-efficiency catalytic activity and stability, and has good application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of bone-based biochar prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of bone-based biochar prepared in example 2;
FIG. 3 is an SEM image of bone-based biochar prepared in example 3;
FIG. 4 is an SEM image of bone-based biochar prepared in example 4;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing electrochemical properties of bone-based biochar prepared in examples 1, 2 and 3.
Detailed Description
The following examples are further illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof. The equipment and reagents used in the present invention are, unless otherwise specified, conventional commercial products in the art.
Example 1
(1) Pretreatment of raw materials: cleaning animal bones with deionized water, drying in an oven overnight at 60 ℃, and crushing the dried solid to a particle size of 1-3 cm;
(2) hydrothermal pre-carbonization: mixing the solid powder obtained in the step (1) and 0.1 mol/L calcium nitrate solution according to the weight ratio of 4 g: placing 50mL of the mixture into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, sealing the reaction kettle, placing the reaction kettle into an oven, heating the reaction kettle for hydrothermal pre-carbonization, filtering out solids after the reaction kettle is cooled to room temperature, cleaning and drying;
(3) high-temperature pyrolysis: and (3) putting the solid obtained in the step (2) into a tubular furnace, carrying out high-temperature pyrolysis for 2 hours at 800 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a solid product, and crushing the solid product to 100-150 meshes to obtain the bone-based biochar CBC-800.
Example 2
(1) Pretreatment of raw materials: cleaning animal bones with deionized water, drying in an oven overnight at 60 ℃, and crushing the dried solid to a particle size of 1-3 cm;
(2) hydrothermal pre-carbonization: mixing the solid powder obtained in the step (1) and 0.1 mol/L calcium nitrate solution according to the weight ratio of 4 g: placing 50mL of the mixture into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, sealing the reaction kettle, placing the reaction kettle into an oven, heating the reaction kettle for hydrothermal pre-carbonization, filtering out solids after the reaction kettle is cooled to room temperature, cleaning and drying;
(3) high-temperature pyrolysis: and (3) putting the solid obtained in the step (2) into a tubular furnace, carrying out high-temperature pyrolysis for 2 hours at 700 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a solid product, and crushing the solid product to 100-150 meshes to obtain the bone-based biochar CBC-700.
Example 3
(1) Pretreatment of raw materials: cleaning animal bones with deionized water, drying in an oven overnight at 60 ℃, and crushing the dried solid to a particle size of 1-3 cm;
(2) hydrothermal pre-carbonization: mixing the solid powder obtained in the step (1) and 0.1 mol/L calcium nitrate solution according to the weight ratio of 4 g: placing 50mL of the mixture into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, sealing the reaction kettle, placing the reaction kettle into an oven, heating the reaction kettle for hydrothermal pre-carbonization, filtering out solids after the reaction kettle is cooled to room temperature, cleaning and drying;
(3) high-temperature pyrolysis: and (3) putting the solid obtained in the step (2) into a tubular furnace, carrying out high-temperature pyrolysis for 2 hours at 900 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a solid product, and crushing the solid product to 100-150 meshes to obtain the bone-based biochar CBC-900.
Example 4
(1) Pretreatment of raw materials: cleaning animal bones with deionized water, drying in an oven overnight at 60 ℃, and crushing the dried solid to a particle size of 1-3 cm;
(2) hydrothermal pre-carbonization: mixing the solid powder obtained in the step (1) and deionized water according to the weight ratio of 4 g: placing 50mL of the mixture into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, sealing the reaction kettle, placing the reaction kettle into an oven, heating the reaction kettle for hydrothermal pre-carbonization, filtering out solids after the reaction kettle is cooled to room temperature, cleaning and drying;
(3) high-temperature pyrolysis: and (3) putting the solid obtained in the step (2) into a tubular furnace, carrying out high-temperature pyrolysis for 2 hours at 800 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a solid product, and crushing the solid product to 100-150 meshes to obtain the bone-based biochar BC-800.
Example 5
The bone-based biochar prepared in examples 1, 2 and 3 was tested for its electrochemical reduction performance in a three-electrode system in which an Ag/AgCl electrode was used as a reference electrode, Pt was used as an auxiliary electrode, a glassy carbon electrode was used as a working electrode, and 0.1 mol/L KHCO was used as an electrolyte3(pH = 6.8). The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing a working electrode: firstly, 0.3 mm and 0.05 mm of aluminum oxide powder are added with a small amount of deionized water to be finely ground and polished on deerskin polishing cloth in an 8 shape, and the surface is washed clean by the deionized water; ultrasonically cleaning the finely ground glassy carbon electrode in an ethanol and deionized water solution for 20 min respectively; thirdly, drying the cleaned electrode at room temperature or in an oven; weighing about 2 mg of catalyst to be detected, and suspending the catalyst in a mixed solution of 1 mL of ethanol and 10 mu l of Nafion (5 wt%) by ultrasonic treatment for 20 min; fifthly, loading 20 mu L of prepared suspension on the surface of the cleaned glassy carbon electrode, and naturally airing the glassy carbon electrode at room temperature for later use;
(2) continuously introducing CO into the electrolyte2Gas is used for 30min to make CO in the electrolyte2The saturation is approached to the greatest extent;
(3) and linear scanning is carried out through an electrochemical workstation to obtain a linear voltammetry curve.
Referring to fig. 1, 2, 3, and 4, SEM images of bone-based biochar prepared in examples 1, 2, 3, and 3 show that bone-based biochar prepared by hydrothermal coupling pyrolysis treatment at high temperature has more pore structures, and as pyrolysis temperature increases, particles of the biochar material become smaller and gradually form a lamellar structure, which is beneficial for obtaining a larger specific surface area, a higher electrochemical active area, and providing more active sites, wherein 800 ℃ is an optimal temperature for preparing such bone-based biochar, and has the largest specific surface area, the highest active area, and the best electrochemical catalytic activity (fig. 5). In example 4, the prepared bone-based biochar has a more obvious blocky structure due to the lack of modification and doping of calcium nitrate.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiment should not be considered as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these modifications and adaptations should be considered within the scope of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. The preparation method of the bone-based biochar is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw materials: cleaning animal bones with deionized water, drying in an oven overnight at 60 ℃, and crushing the dried solid to a particle size of 1-3 cm;
(2) hydrothermal pre-carbonization: placing the solid powder obtained in the step (1) and 0.1 mol/L calcium nitrate solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, sealing the reaction kettle, placing the reaction kettle into an oven, heating the reaction kettle to perform hydrothermal pre-carbonization, filtering the solid after the reaction kettle is cooled to room temperature, and cleaning and drying the solid;
(3) high-temperature pyrolysis: and (3) putting the solid obtained in the step (2) into a tubular furnace, carrying out high-temperature pyrolysis in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a solid product, and crushing the solid product to 100-150 meshes to obtain the bone-based biochar.
2. The method for preparing bone-based biochar as claimed in claim 1, wherein the animal bone can be one or more of pig bone, chicken bone, cattle bone or sheep bone.
3. The preparation method of bone-based biochar according to claim 1, wherein the hydrothermal precarbonization in the step (2) is carried out at a material ratio of solid powder to calcium nitrate solution of (2-6) g: 50mL, preferably 2g, 3g, 4g, 5g, 6g bone solid powder: 50mL of 0.1 mol/L calcium nitrate solution.
4. The method for preparing bone-based biochar according to claim 1, wherein the hydrothermal pre-carbonization temperature in the step (2) is 200-280 ℃, preferably 200 ℃, 220 ℃, 240 ℃, 260 ℃ or 280 ℃.
5. The method for preparing bone-based biochar according to claim 1, wherein the high-temperature pyrolysis temperature in the step (3) is 700-900 ℃, preferably 700 ℃, 800 ℃ or 900 ℃.
6. The preparation method of bone-based biochar according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the pyrolysis time in the step (3) is 3-5 h, preferably 3h, 4h or 5 h.
7. A bone-based biochar characterized by being prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. Use of the bone-based biochar of claim 1 as a catalyst for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide.
CN202110616544.0A 2021-06-03 2021-06-03 Preparation of bone-based biochar and application of bone-based biochar in carbon dioxide reduction Pending CN113278439A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113697793A (en) * 2021-08-31 2021-11-26 江苏筑原生物科技研究院有限公司 Preparation of bone-based biochar and application of bone-based biochar in carbon dioxide reduction

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113697793A (en) * 2021-08-31 2021-11-26 江苏筑原生物科技研究院有限公司 Preparation of bone-based biochar and application of bone-based biochar in carbon dioxide reduction

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