CN113277836B - Gunning mix for RH dip pipe and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Gunning mix for RH dip pipe and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gunning mix for an RH dip pipe and a preparation method thereof, wherein the gunning mix comprises the following components: 15-45% of forsterite; 20-60% of magnesia; 5-15% of magnesia-calcium sand; 5-15% of spinel; removing iron slag: 1-5%; 1-5% of additives; 1-5% of mixed micro powder; 0.5-4% of composite binder. Weighing the ingredients according to a preset proportion, mixing the ingredients by using a mixer, adding aggregate and mixing for 1-5 h in the mixing process, then gradually adding fine powder, mixing for 1-10 h, bagging the uniformly mixed gunning mix and vacuumizing for later use; wherein the aggregate is forsterite, magnesite, magnesia-calcium sand and spinel, and the fine powder is iron-removing slag, additive and mixed micro powder; and in the field spray-repairing process, spray-repairing by adopting a semi-dry method, and mixing a composite binding agent in a nozzle to obtain the spray-repairing material sample. Has the characteristics of low cost, high use frequency after spray repair and capability of prolonging the service life of the dip pipe.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of refractory materials for steel-making refining, in particular to a gunning mix for an RH dip pipe and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In 1957, the RH vacuum cycle degassing refining technology was successfully developed by the combination of Ruhrstahl and Heraeus, and is abbreviated as RH method. After the 80 s of the last century, the number of RH devices has increased rapidly, and the functions have been shifted from being mainly used for dehydrogenation to being mainly used for multifunctional external refining equipment such as deep decarburization and deoxidation, inclusion removal and the like. The RH refining furnace is subjected to long-term airflow and high-speed molten steel flushing during use, so that the working conditions are very severe, and the working conditions of a submerged pipe which is soaked in molten steel for a long time are the worst in all equipment forming the RH furnace. The inner wall of the immersion pipe is not only washed by high-speed airflow and molten steel, but also the outer wall is eroded by slag and is rapidly cooled and heated. Meanwhile, the service life of the immersed tube is limited by various factors such as mechanical damage during cleaning of sticky slag on the outer wall of the immersed tube, mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients of the castable and the immersed tube core steel plate after being heated, and the immersed tube becomes the weakest link in RH refining equipment due to comprehensive factors. Therefore, how to improve the service life of the RH furnace dip pipe has been widely concerned and valued by the industry people. In the field operation process, the service life of the RH furnace dip pipe is prolonged by adopting a mode of gunning refractory materials after use.
In published documents, "a high-performance smelting silicon steel used magnesium-calcium RH dip pipe hot-gunning mix and its preparation method" (CN200810039249.8), the invention reports a dip pipe hot-gunning mix using high-purity magnesite and synthetic magnesium-calcium sand as main components, and uses more than one organic additive such as calcium lignosulfonate, modified starch ether, etc. to replace the soft clay and water glass used in conventional gunning mix, so as to realize good gunning adhesion and good high-temperature performance of the gunning mix. The invention discloses a novel RH gunning mix (CN102659432A), which adopts fused magnesia coarse powder, fused magnesia fine powder and chrome ore sand as main raw materials, and is added with slaked lime, light calcium carbonate, sodium hexametaphosphate, borax, silicon micropowder, sodium tripolyphosphate and carboxymethyl cellulose in a matching way, and the gunning mix prepared by the batch mixture can be used for 5-6 furnaces once, so that the service life of an RH insertion tube can be remarkably prolonged. The invention discloses a magnesia-calcia refractory gunning mix (CN108610062A), which reports a magnesia-calcia refractory gunning mix, takes magnesia, limestone and quicklime powder as main raw materials, and is added with titanium oxide powder, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and other bonding agents in an auxiliary way. In general, from the reported patents, the currently reported gunning refractory has a little improvement in performance, but is generally not high in the aspect of gunning refractory adhesion rate, and the gunning refractory consumption is large, so that a great amount of resilience and waste are caused. Therefore, the research and development of the gunning mix for the dip pipe of the RH refining furnace with high adhesion rate have important significance for saving the consumption of refractory materials and prolonging the service life of the dip pipe.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the gunning mix for the RH dip pipe and the preparation method thereof, and the gunning mix has the characteristics of low cost, high use frequency after gunning and capability of prolonging the service life of the dip pipe. The method can be applied to the dip pipe of the RH refining furnace, and can also be applied to the high-temperature resistant industry fields of steel ladles, tundishes, iron ladles and the like. The problems of short service life, low adhesion rate, large resilience and the like of the conventional gunning material are solved. By developing the gunning material for the dip pipe of the RH refining furnace, the service life of the dip pipe can be greatly prolonged after the gunning material is applied to the gunning of the dip pipe, the gunning times and the consumption of the gunning material are reduced, and the gunning material is expected to be popularized and applied in large-scale production.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a gunning mix for an RH dip pipe, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
15-45% of forsterite; 20-60% of magnesia; 5-15% of magnesia-calcium sand; 5-15% of spinel; removing iron slag: 1-5%; 1-5% of additives; 1-5% of mixed micro powder; 0.5-4% of composite binder.
As a preferable aspect of the above-described technical solution, the gunning mix for an RH dip tube according to the present invention further includes a part or all of the following technical features:
as an improvement of the technical scheme, according to the mass fraction, MgO in the forsterite is more than 40 percent; particle size distribution of the particles: 20-45% of 3-1mm, 10-40% of 1-0.5mm, 10-25% of 0.5-0.088mm and 10-30% of less than 0.088 mm.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, according to the mass fraction, MgO in the magnesia is more than 90 percent; particle size distribution of the particles: 15-35% of 3-1mm, 20-35% of 1-0.5mm, 15-25% of 0.5-0.088mm and 10-30% of less than 0.088 mm.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, according to the mass fraction, CaO in the magnesia-calcium sand is more than 20 percent, and Mg in the magnesia-calcium sand is more than 65 percent; particle size distribution of the particles: 30-50% of 1-0.5mm, 15-35% of 0.5-0.088mm and 20-40% of less than 0.088 mm.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the spinel is one or a combination of magnesium aluminate spinel and magnesium chromium spinel, and the particle size distribution is as follows: 30-60% of 1-0.5mm and 40-70% of 0.5-0.088 mm.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the iron-removing slag is one or a combination of several of blast furnace slag, converter slag, refining slag and tundish slag according to the mass fraction, each slag is damaged to remove iron, and the TFe content is ensured to be less than 1%; the components are required as follows: CaO in the blast furnace slag is more than 40%, CaO in the converter slag is more than 40%, CaO in the refining slag is more than 40%, and (CaO + MgO) in the tundish slag is more than 60%; particle size distribution of the particles: less than 0.088 mm.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the additive is CaAl12O19、CaAl4O7、CaAl2O4、Y3Al5O12、YAlO3、Y4Al2O9One or a combination of several of the above; the mixed micro powder is one or a combination of more of calcium oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide and MgO, and the average particle size is 0.05-0.2 microns.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the composite binder is one or a combination of more of water glass, waste paper pulp, sodium hexametaphosphate and aluminum dihydrogen phosphate.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the method comprises the following steps: weighing the ingredients according to a preset proportion, mixing the ingredients by using a mixer, adding aggregate and mixing for 1-5 h in the mixing process, then gradually adding fine powder, mixing for 1-10 h, bagging the uniformly mixed gunning mix and vacuumizing for later use; wherein the aggregate is forsterite, magnesite, magnesia-calcium sand and spinel, and the fine powder is iron-removing slag, additive and mixed micro powder; and in the field spray-repairing process, spray-repairing is carried out by adopting a semi-dry method, and a composite binding agent is mixed in a nozzle, so that the spray-repairing material sample for the RH dip pipe is obtained.
As a preferable aspect of the above technical solution, the gunning mix for an RH dip tube and the method for preparing the same according to the present invention further include some or all of the following technical features:
as an improvement of the technical scheme, the gunning material is formed and sintered at 1500 ℃, and the volume density after detection is 2.2-2.7 g/cm3The linear change rate after 1500 ℃ burning is-3% -2%, the high temperature rupture strength at 1200 ℃ is 1-4 MPa, and 2-5 furnaces can be used once after spray repair.
Furthermore, the forsterite and the magnesite are selected to be used in a combined mode, so that the cost of the gunning mix can be saved, and meanwhile, the use requirement of the gunning mix can be met due to the fact that the periclase and the forsterite have high eutectic temperature when two phases coexist in the using process.
Furthermore, the introduction of the magnesia-calcium sand can greatly improve the erosion resistance of the gunning material by introducing CaO, and simultaneously, the CaO, the MgO and the SiO2The high-melting-point phase can be generated by reaction at high temperature, so that the bonding strength of the gunning material is further improved, and the service life of the gunning material is greatly prolonged.
Furthermore, the addition of the magnesium aluminate spinel and the magnesium chromium spinel can improve the bonding strength between aggregates, and the existence of the spinel can also greatly improve the thermal shock resistance of the gunning material and avoid the spalling in the extremely cold and hot service process.
Furthermore, the iron-removing slag and the additive are used together, and can be used as a part of the sintering aid to improve the bonding strength of the gunning material after self-sintering, and on the other hand, because of the similarity of the iron-removing slag components and the slag on the surface of the dip pipe, dicalcium silicate (Ca) is contained in the iron-removing slag in the gunning process2SiO4) Tricalcium silicate (Ca)3SiO5) Calcium forsterite (Ca)14Mg2(SiO4)8) And free calcium oxide which can partially react with slag on the surface of the dip pipe, thereby forming quick combination and improving the bonding strength of the gunning mix and the dip pipe.
Furthermore, the addition of the micro powder can not only improve the fluidity of the gunning material in the gunning process, but also react with the main material at high temperature to form an intercrystalline bonding phase with high melting point, thereby improving the high-temperature strength of the gunning material.
Furthermore, the addition of the composite bonding agent can ensure the dispersion uniformity of the gunning material in the gunning process, and can also ensure that the sprayed gunning material can be quickly combined with a thermal state dipping pipe to prevent the gunning material from rebounding and falling off.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a gunning mix for a dip pipe of an RH refining furnace, which has the characteristics of low cost, high use frequency after gunning and capability of prolonging the service life of the dip pipe. The method can be applied to the dip pipe of the RH refining furnace, and can also be applied to the high-temperature resistant industry fields of steel ladles, tundishes, iron ladles and the like. The problems of short service life, low adhesion rate, large resilience and the like of the conventional gunning material are solved. By developing the gunning material for the dip pipe of the RH refining furnace, the service life of the dip pipe can be greatly prolonged after the gunning material is applied to the gunning of the dip pipe, the gunning times and the consumption of the gunning material are reduced, and the gunning material is expected to be popularized and applied in large-scale production.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention may be implemented in accordance with the contents of the description, and in order to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the following detailed description is given in conjunction with the preferred embodiments.
Detailed Description
Other aspects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, which, when taken in conjunction with the drawings, illustrate by way of example the principles of the invention.
Example 1:
the gunning mix for the RH dip pipe and the preparation method thereof are characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting raw materials:
(1) forsterite (MgO > 40%), 45%; particle size distribution of the particles: 45 percent of 3-1mm, 25 percent of 1-0.5mm, 15 percent of 0.5-0.088mm and 15 percent of less than 0.088 mm;
(2) magnesia (MgO > 90%), 35%; particle size distribution of the particles: 25% of 3-1mm, 20% of 1-0.5mm, 25% of 0.5-0.088mm and 30% of less than 0.088 mm;
(3) 5 percent of magnesia-calcium sand (CaO is more than 20 percent, Mg is more than 65 percent); particle size distribution of the particles: 45 percent of 1-0.5mm, 25 percent of 0.5-0.088mm and 30 percent less than 0.088 mm;
(4) spinel: 10 percent; magnesium aluminate spinel, particle size distribution: 50% of 1-0.5mm and 50% of 0.5-0.088 mm;
(5) removing iron slag: 1 percent; blast furnace slag (CaO > 40%), slag breakage and iron removal, ensuring that the TFe content is less than 1%, and particle size distribution: less than 0.088 mm;
(6) 1.5% of additive: CaAl12O19And CaAl4O7A combination of the two;
(7) 1.5 percent of mixed micro powder and the combination of calcium oxide and aluminum oxide, wherein the average grain diameter is 0.08 micron;
(8) 1% of composite binder: a combination of both water glass and waste pulp.
2) The gunning mix is prepared by weighing and selecting raw materials according to a preset proportion, mixing the raw materials by using a mixer, adding aggregate and mixing for 1h in the mixing process, then gradually adding fine powder and the like, mixing for 4h, bagging the uniformly mixed gunning mix and vacuumizing for later use. In the on-site spray-repairing process, a semi-dry method is adopted for spray-repairing, and a composite binding agent is mixed in a nozzle.
3) And taking out the gunning mix and the composite binder, and forming, sintering and detecting to obtain the gunning mix sample for the RH dip pipe. The volume density of the invention after 1500 ℃ firing is 2.37g/cm through detection3The linear change rate after 1500 ℃ burning is-1.5%, the high temperature rupture strength at 1200 ℃ is 2.1MPa, and 3 furnaces can be used for one time of spray repair.
Example 2:
the gunning mix for the RH dip pipe and the preparation method thereof are characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting raw materials:
(1) forsterite (MgO > 40%), 30%; particle size distribution of the particles: 40% of 3-1mm, 30% of 1-0.5mm, 20% of 0.5-0.088mm and 10% of less than 0.088 mm;
(2) magnesia (MgO > 90%), 40%; particle size distribution of the particles: 30% of 3-1mm, 35% of 1-0.5mm, 25% of 0.5-0.088mm and 10% of less than 0.088 mm;
(3) 15 percent of magnesia-calcium sand (CaO is more than 20 percent, Mg is more than 65 percent); particle size distribution of the particles: 35% of 1-0.5mm, 35% of 0.5-0.088mm and less than 30% of 0.088 mm;
(4) spinel: 5 percent; magnesium aluminate spinel, particle size distribution: 40% of 1-0.5mm and 60% of 0.5-0.088 mm;
(5) removing iron slag: 3 percent; the combination of blast furnace slag (CaO > 40%) and tundish slag ((CaO + MgO) > 60%), the slag is damaged to remove iron, the TFe content is ensured to be less than 1%, and the particle size distribution is as follows: less than 0.088 mm;
(6) 2% of additive: CaAl4O7、CaAl2O4And Y3Al5O12The combination of the three components;
(7) 3% of mixed micro powder, the combination of calcium oxide and aluminum oxide, and the average grain diameter is 0.08 micron;
(8) 2% of composite binder: a combination of both water glass and waste pulp.
2) The gunning mix is prepared by weighing and selecting raw materials according to a preset proportion, mixing the raw materials by using a mixer, adding aggregate and mixing for 1.5 hours in the mixing process, then gradually adding fine powder and the like, mixing for 6 hours, bagging the uniformly mixed gunning mix and vacuumizing for later use. In the on-site spray-repairing process, a semi-dry method is adopted for spray-repairing, and a composite binding agent is mixed in a nozzle.
3) And taking out the gunning mix and the composite binder, and forming, sintering and detecting to obtain the gunning mix sample for the RH dip pipe. The volume density of the invention after 1500 ℃ firing is 2.45g/cm through detection3The linear change rate after 1500 ℃ burning is-0.5 percent, the high temperature rupture strength at 1200 ℃ is 3.5MPa, and 4 furnaces can be used for one time of spray repair.
Example 3:
the gunning mix for the RH dip pipe and the preparation method thereof are characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting raw materials:
(1) forsterite (MgO > 40%), 20%; particle size distribution of the particles: 35% of 3-1mm, 35% of 1-0.5mm, 15% of 0.5-0.088mm and 15% of less than 0.088 mm;
(2) magnesia (MgO > 90%), 60%; particle size distribution of the particles: 35% of 3-1mm, 20% of 1-0.5mm, 25% of 0.5-0.088mm and less than 20% of 0.088 mm;
(3) 5 percent of magnesia-calcium sand (CaO is more than 20 percent, Mg is more than 65 percent); particle size distribution of the particles: 45 percent of 1-0.5mm, 25 percent of 0.5-0.088mm and 30 percent less than 0.088 mm;
(4) spinel: 8 percent; magnesium aluminate spinel, particle size distribution: 30% of 1-0.5mm and 70% of 0.5-0.088 mm;
(5) removing iron slag: 4 percent; the combination of blast furnace slag (CaO > 40%), converter slag (CaO > 40%) and refining slag (CaO > 40%), the slag is damaged to remove iron, the TFe content is less than 1%, and the particle size distribution is as follows: less than 0.088 mm;
(6) 1% of additive: CaAl12O19And CaAl4O7A combination of the two;
(7) 1.5 percent of mixed micro powder and the combination of calcium oxide and aluminum oxide, wherein the average grain diameter is 0.08 micron;
(8) 0.5% of composite binder: water glass, waste paper pulp and sodium hexametaphosphate.
2) The gunning mix is prepared by weighing and selecting raw materials according to a preset proportion, mixing the raw materials by using a mixer, adding aggregates for mixing for 3 hours, gradually adding fine powder and the like, mixing for 5 hours, bagging the uniformly mixed gunning mix and vacuumizing for later use. In the on-site spray-repairing process, a semi-dry method is adopted for spray-repairing, and a composite binding agent is mixed in a nozzle.
3) And taking out the gunning mix and the composite binder, and forming, sintering and detecting to obtain the gunning mix sample for the RH dip pipe. The volume density of the invention after 1500 ℃ firing is 2.6g/cm through detection3The linear change rate after 1500 ℃ burning is 0.5 percent, the high temperature rupture strength at 1200 ℃ is 3.5MPa, and 4 furnaces can be used for one time of spray repair.
Example 4:
the gunning mix for the RH dip pipe and the preparation method thereof are characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting raw materials:
(1) forsterite (MgO > 40%), 35%; particle size distribution of the particles: 45 percent of 3-1mm, 25 percent of 1-0.5mm, 20 percent of 0.5-0.088mm and 10 percent of less than 0.088 mm;
(2) magnesite (MgO > 90%), 45%; particle size distribution of the particles: 25% of 3-1mm, 20% of 1-0.5mm, 25% of 0.5-0.088mm and 30% of less than 0.088 mm;
(3) 6 percent of magnesia-calcium sand (CaO is more than 20 percent, Mg is more than 65 percent); particle size distribution of the particles: 25% of 1-0.5mm, 35% of 0.5-0.088mm and less than 40% of 0.088 mm;
(4) spinel: 5 percent; magnesium aluminate spinel, particle size distribution: 40% of 1-0.5mm and 60% of 0.5-0.088 mm;
(5) removing iron slag: 3 percent; the combination of refining slag (CaO > 40%) and tundish slag (CaO + MgO) > 60%), the slag is damaged to remove iron, the TFe content is ensured to be less than 1%, and the particle size distribution is as follows: less than 0.088 mm;
(6) 3% of additive: CaAl2O4、Y3Al5O12And YAlO3The combination of the three components;
(7) 1.5 percent of mixed micro powder and 0.1 micron of silicon oxide micro powder;
(8) 1.5% of composite binder: a combination of both sodium hexametaphosphate and aluminum dihydrogen phosphate.
2) The gunning mix is prepared by weighing and selecting raw materials according to a preset proportion, mixing the raw materials by using a mixer, adding aggregate and mixing for 4 hours in the mixing process, then gradually adding fine powder and the like, mixing for 7 hours, bagging the uniformly mixed gunning mix and vacuumizing for later use. In the on-site spray-repairing process, a semi-dry method is adopted for spray-repairing, and a composite binding agent is mixed in a nozzle.
3) And taking out the gunning mix and the composite binder, and forming, sintering and detecting to obtain the gunning mix sample for the RH dip pipe. The volume density of the invention after 1500 ℃ firing is 2.65g/cm through detection3The linear change rate after 1500 ℃ burning is-0.5 percent, the high temperature rupture strength at 1200 ℃ is 2.7MPa, and 4 furnaces can be used for one time of spray repair.
The raw materials listed in the invention, the upper and lower limits and interval values of the raw materials of the invention, and the upper and lower limits and interval values of the process parameters (such as temperature, time and the like) can all realize the invention, and the examples are not listed.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.
Claims (8)
1. The gunning mix for the RH dip pipe is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
15-45% of forsterite;
20-60% of magnesia;
5-15% of magnesia-calcium sand;
5-15% of spinel;
removing iron slag: 1-5%;
1-5% of additives;
1-5% of mixed micro powder;
0.5-4% of a composite binder;
according to the mass fraction, the iron-removing slag is one or a combination of several of blast furnace slag, converter slag, refining slag and tundish slag, and each slag is damaged to remove iron, so that the TFe content is ensured to be less than 1%; the components are required as follows: CaO in the blast furnace slag is more than 40%, CaO in the converter slag is more than 40%, CaO in the refining slag is more than 40%, and (CaO + MgO) in the tundish slag is more than 60%; particle size distribution of the particles: less than 0.088 mm;
the additive is CaAl12O19、CaAl4O7、CaAl2O4、Y3Al5O12、YAlO3、Y4Al2O9One or a combination of several of the above; the mixed micro powder is one or a combination of more of calcium oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide and MgO, and the average particle size is 0.05-0.2 microns.
2. The gunning mix for an RH dip tube according to claim 1, wherein: according to the mass fraction, MgO in the forsterite is more than 40 percent; particle size distribution of the particles: 20-45% of 3-1mm, 10-40% of 1-0.5mm, 10-25% of 0.5-0.088mm and 10-30% of less than 0.088 mm.
3. The gunning mix for an RH dip tube according to claim 1, wherein: according to the mass fraction, MgO in the magnesia is more than 90 percent; particle size distribution of the particles: 15-35% of 3-1mm, 20-35% of 1-0.5mm, 15-25% of 0.5-0.088mm and 10-30% of less than 0.088 mm.
4. The gunning mix for an RH dip tube according to claim 1, wherein: according to the mass fraction, CaO in the magnesia-calcium sand is more than 20 percent, and Mg in the magnesia-calcium sand is more than 65 percent; particle size distribution of the particles: 30-50% of 1-0.5mm, 15-35% of 0.5-0.088mm and 20-40% of less than 0.088 mm.
5. The gunning mix for an RH dip tube according to claim 1, wherein: according to the mass fraction, the spinel is one or the combination of magnesium aluminate spinel and magnesium chromium spinel, and the particle size distribution is as follows: 30-60% of 1-0.5mm and 40-70% of 0.5-0.088 mm.
6. The gunning mix for an RH dip tube according to claim 1, wherein: the composite binder is one or a combination of more of water glass, waste paper pulp, sodium hexametaphosphate and aluminum dihydrogen phosphate.
7. A method for preparing a gunning mix for an RH dip tube according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of: weighing ingredients according to a preset proportion, mixing the ingredients by using a mixer, adding aggregate and mixing for 1-5 h in the mixing process, then gradually adding fine powder, mixing for 1-10 h, bagging the uniformly mixed gunning mix for later use by vacuumizing; wherein the aggregate is forsterite, magnesite, magnesia-calcium sand and spinel, and the fine powder is iron-removing slag, additive and mixed micro powder; and in the field spray-repairing process, spray-repairing is carried out by adopting a semi-dry method, and a composite binding agent is mixed in a nozzle, so that the spray-repairing material sample for the RH dip pipe is obtained.
8. The method for preparing a gunning mix for an RH dip pipe according to claim 7, wherein: the gunning material is formed and sintered at 1500 ℃, and the volume density after detection is 2.2-2.7 g/cm3The linear change rate after 1500 ℃ firing is-3% -2%, the high-temperature rupture strength at 1200 ℃ is 1-4 MPa, and 2-5 furnaces can be used once after spray repair.
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