CN113275469B - Hot stamping forming method - Google Patents
Hot stamping forming method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113275469B CN113275469B CN202110575117.2A CN202110575117A CN113275469B CN 113275469 B CN113275469 B CN 113275469B CN 202110575117 A CN202110575117 A CN 202110575117A CN 113275469 B CN113275469 B CN 113275469B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- quenching
- pressure
- dwell
- blank
- forming method
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
Abstract
The invention discloses a hot stamping forming method, which comprises the following steps: punching a plate into a blank with an outer contour; heating and austenitizing the blank; stamping the blank after austenitizing by using stamping equipment; and after stamping, performing multi-step pressure maintaining quenching to obtain a product, wherein the pressure value during the pressure maintaining quenching of the next step is smaller than the pressure value during the pressure maintaining quenching of the previous step. According to the invention, through a multi-step pressure maintaining quenching mode, a part is formed through martensite during the first pressure maintaining quenching, and the cooling rate is reduced by reducing the pressure during pressure maintaining during the subsequent pressure maintaining quenching, so that the internal stress in the product forming process is reduced, and the effects of improving the product size and improving the energy absorption effect of the product are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of punch forming, in particular to a hot stamping forming method.
Background
The hot stamping forming is a part processing mode, firstly, a blank is heated to an austenitizing state, then, a stamping machine is used for stamping in a corresponding die, and pressure maintaining quenching is carried out, so that a material forming method which can obtain a required shape and simultaneously realize phase change of a metal material is realized. In the step of stamping and dwell quenching, a primary large dwell pressure is usually adopted to increase the cooling rate, thereby ensuring the performance of the part. When the size of the part needs to be improved, the mode of adjusting the mold to match the part is usually adopted. However, when the size of the mold and the holding pressure and time of the press are determined, the size and performance of the part are basically fixed, and further optimization is difficult. So that the product manufactured by the existing hot forming method has larger size deviation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the applicant of the present application creatively discovers that the maintenance of different pressure values during pressure maintaining quenching has a great influence on the dimensional deviation of a formed product through a comparative test mode, and provides the present invention according to the conclusion.
The embodiment of the invention provides a hot stamping forming method, which is used for solving the problem of large size deviation.
The embodiment of the application discloses: a hot stamping forming method comprises the following steps: punching a plate into a blank with an outer contour; heating and austenitizing the blank; stamping the blank after austenitizing by using stamping equipment; and after stamping, performing multi-step pressure maintaining quenching to obtain a product, wherein the pressure value during the pressure maintaining quenching of the next step is smaller than the pressure value during the pressure maintaining quenching of the previous step.
Further, in the step of performing multi-step pressure maintaining quenching after stamping to obtain a product, wherein the pressure value during the pressure maintaining quenching of the next step is smaller than the pressure value during the pressure maintaining quenching of the previous step, the method comprises the following steps of:
carrying out first pressure-maintaining quenching on the blank so as to martensite the blank and form a part with the appearance;
and carrying out secondary pressure maintaining quenching on the part, thereby reducing the internal stress of part forming.
Further, in the step "subjecting the billet to first dwell quenching to martensite the billet and form a part having an outer shape", the cooling rate at the time of the first dwell quenching is more than 30 ℃/s, and the temperature of the part after the first dwell quenching is between Ms and Mf.
Further, the time of the first dwell pressure quenching and the second dwell pressure quenching ranges from 6s to 20s, and is preferably 8s to 12 s.
Further, after the step of performing secondary pressure maintaining quenching on the part so as to reduce the internal stress of part forming, the method comprises the following steps of: and carrying out third pressure maintaining quenching on the part, thereby further reducing the internal stress of part forming.
Further, in the step of performing multi-step pressure maintaining quenching after stamping to obtain a product, wherein the pressure value during the subsequent pressure maintaining quenching is smaller than the pressure value during the previous pressure maintaining quenching, the temperature of the product after the last pressure maintaining quenching is below the Mf point, so that the appearance of the part is stable.
And further, after the stamping, performing multi-step pressure maintaining quenching to obtain a product, wherein in the step that the pressure value during the pressure maintaining quenching of the next step is smaller than the pressure value during the pressure maintaining quenching of the previous step, the pressure value during the pressure maintaining quenching of the next step is 50-100% of the pressure value during the pressure maintaining quenching of the previous step.
Further, immediately after the step "heating and austenitizing the blank", the blank after austenitizing is transferred to a press die, thereby preventing the blank from being oxidized.
Further, the ratio of the dwell time of the first dwell quenching to the dwell time of each subsequent dwell quenching is between 0.8 and 1.25.
Further, the sheet material is hot forming steel 22MnB 5.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
through the mode of multistep pressure maintaining quenching, the part is formed through martensite during the first pressure maintaining quenching, and the cooling rate is reduced by reducing the pressure during pressure maintaining during the subsequent pressure maintaining quenching, so that the internal stress in the product forming process is reduced, and the effects of improving the product size and improving the energy absorption effect of the product are achieved.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a hot stamping method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing the dimensions of the products of example 2 of the present invention with those of comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the hot press forming method of the present embodiment includes the steps of:
the sheet material is stamped into a blank having an outer profile, thereby defining the general shape of the blank.
The blank is heated and austenitized. Two stages of heating and holding may be included, the purpose of this procedure being to heat the blank to a suitable temperature for complete austenitization of the blank and good plasticity in preparation for subsequent martensite transformation.
And stamping the blank after austenitizing by using a stamping device to obtain a part with an external shape.
And after stamping, performing multi-step pressure maintaining quenching to obtain a product, wherein the pressure value during the pressure maintaining quenching of the next step is smaller than the pressure value during the pressure maintaining quenching of the previous step.
The multi-step pressure maintaining quenching can be divided into two stages:
the first pressure-maintaining quenching is the first stage, and the pressure of the first pressure-maintaining quenching is highest, so that the formation of martensite is facilitated, the mechanical property is ensured, and the size of the part is initially frozen through higher pressure. Thereby controlling the deformation that may occur due to volume expansion during the martensitic transformation. The pressure and temperature of the first stage can be adjusted adaptively according to different materials.
The pressurize quenching after the first pressurize quenching forms the second stage jointly, and in the pressurize quenching process of second stage, adopt the pressure that reduces step by step, through lower pressure for when control part cooling shrinkage face external dimension deformation, leave the degree of freedom of part along the face internal contraction, make whole part because stress takes place when deformation, along evenly scattering all around, thereby reduce the stress that local was received.
If only the first stage exists, the formed part has larger internal stress, so that the formed part can rebound in size after being taken out from a high-pressure state, and the second stage can reduce the internal stress in the part, so that the size of the part is improved.
By means of the method, the part is formed through martensite during the first pressure maintaining quenching in a multi-step pressure maintaining quenching mode, and the cooling rate is reduced by reducing the pressure during pressure maintaining during subsequent pressure maintaining quenching, so that the internal stress during the product forming process is reduced, and the effects of improving the product size and improving the energy absorption effect of the product are achieved.
Specifically, in the step of performing multi-step pressure maintaining quenching after stamping to obtain a product, wherein the pressure value during the pressure maintaining quenching of the next step is smaller than the pressure value during the pressure maintaining quenching of the previous step, the method comprises the following steps of:
and carrying out primary pressure-maintaining quenching on the blank so as to martensite the blank and form the part with the appearance.
And carrying out secondary pressure maintaining quenching on the part, thereby reducing the internal stress of part forming.
That is, in the present embodiment, the multi-step dwell quenching includes the first dwell quenching and the second dwell quenching.
Specifically, in the step "performing the first dwell quenching on the blank to martensite the blank and form the part with the appearance", the cooling rate in the first dwell quenching is more than 30 ℃/s, so that the martensite of the blank in the austenite state is realized. The temperature of the part subjected to the first pressure maintaining quenching is between Ms and Mf, so that the part subjected to the first pressure maintaining quenching is still in the process of martensite formation, and the stress of the part during molding in the subsequent pressure maintaining quenching process is reduced.
Specifically, the time range of the first dwell quenching and the second dwell quenching is 6s-20s, and preferably 8s-12 s. The time of the pressure maintaining quenching can be adjusted correspondingly according to different actual materials.
Specifically, after the step of performing pressure maintaining quenching on the part for the second time so as to reduce the internal stress of part forming, the method comprises the following steps of: and carrying out third pressure maintaining quenching on the part, namely in the embodiment, the multi-step pressure maintaining quenching comprises 3 times of pressure maintaining quenching in total, so that the internal stress of the part forming is further reduced.
Specifically, in the step of performing multi-step pressure maintaining quenching after stamping to obtain a product, wherein the pressure value during the pressure maintaining quenching of the next step is smaller than the pressure value during the pressure maintaining quenching of the previous step, the temperature of the product after the last pressure maintaining quenching is at the Mf point, so that the martensite transformation of the part is finished, and the appearance of the part is stable.
Specifically, in the step of performing multi-step pressure maintaining quenching after stamping to obtain a product, wherein the pressure value during the next step of pressure maintaining quenching is smaller than the pressure value during the previous step of pressure maintaining quenching, the pressure value during the next step of pressure maintaining quenching is 50% -100% of the pressure value during the previous step of pressure maintaining quenching, so that the problem that the size of the part is changed too much due to too fast pressure change is avoided, and the precision of the size of the part is higher.
Specifically, the ratio of the dwell time of the first dwell quenching to the dwell time of each subsequent dwell quenching is 0.8-1.25, so that the dwell time of each dwell quenching can be close, and the parts can be completely reacted in each dwell quenching process.
Specifically, after the step of 'performing multi-step pressure maintaining quenching after stamping to obtain a product, wherein the pressure value during the pressure maintaining quenching of the next step is smaller than the pressure value during the pressure maintaining quenching of the previous step', a sand blasting process is used for removing an oxide layer on the surface of the product, so that the mechanical property of the surface of the product is improved, and the fatigue resistance of the product is improved.
The present invention is illustrated in detail by the following examples:
example 1:
heating and austenitizing the n-shaped part, putting the n-shaped part into a press for hot stamping and forming, wherein the forming pressure is 700T and 100T respectively, and taking 6 points from the front, the middle and the rear of the punched threshold for size measurement, wherein the measured values are shown in table one.
The comparison of the sizes of the molded product of 700T and the molded product of 100T shows that the size deviation at 100T is less than 700T, so that the conclusion that the product size deviation can be reduced by a smaller pressure value during pressure maintaining quenching is obtained.
Watch 1
Example 2:
austenitizing the hot-formed steel 22MnB5, then placing the austenitized hot-formed steel into a press for stamping to obtain a part with the appearance, and then carrying out pressure-maintaining quenching on the part twice to obtain a product. Wherein, the pressure during the first pressure maintaining quenching is 1150T, the pressure maintaining time is 10S, the pressure during the second pressure maintaining quenching is 600T, and the pressure maintaining time is 10S. 45 points are selected as measuring points, and the error between the 45 points and the theoretical position of the product is recorded.
Comparative example 1:
the same hot formed steel 22MnB5 as in example 2 was austenitized, then placed in a press for stamping to obtain a part having an outer shape, and then subjected to primary dwell quenching to obtain a product. Wherein, the pressure during one pressure maintaining quenching is 1150T, and the pressure maintaining time is 20S. The same 45 points as in example 2 were selected as measurement points, and the error between the 45 points and the theoretical position of the product was recorded.
The data recorded in example 2 and comparative example 1 above were generated as a comparison graph of the product of figure 2, with the abscissa being the individual measurement point (i.e. 5 for the 5 th measurement point) and the ordinate being the deviation of the product dimensions from the theoretical position in mm.
As shown in fig. 2, it can be seen from the comparative product size graphs of example 2 and comparative example 1 that the final product can be significantly improved by using multi-step dwell quenching in the hot press forming process, so that the dimensional deviation of the product is small.
Three-point bending tests were performed on the product of example 2 and the product of comparative example 1, three points at the same position on the product were recorded, and the following comparison table for the three-point bending tests, i.e., table two, was prepared.
Watch two
From the comparison table of the three-point bending test of example 2 and comparative example 1, it can be seen that the bending property of the final product, that is, the energy absorbing effect, can be significantly improved by using the multi-step dwell quenching in the hot stamping forming method.
According to the embodiments, the internal stress of the final formed product can be effectively reduced and the forming performance of the part can be improved by adopting multi-step pressure maintaining quenching in the hot stamping forming method.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying specific embodiments in the invention, and the description of the embodiments is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A hot stamping forming method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
punching a plate into a blank with an outer contour;
heating and austenitizing the blank;
stamping the blank after austenitizing by using stamping equipment;
and after stamping, performing multi-step pressure maintaining quenching to obtain a product, wherein the pressure value during the pressure maintaining quenching of the next step is smaller than the pressure value during the pressure maintaining quenching of the previous step.
2. The hot press forming method according to claim 1, wherein in the step "after the press, the multi-step dwell quenching is performed to obtain the product, wherein a pressure value at the time of the dwell quenching of the subsequent step is smaller than a pressure value at the time of the dwell quenching of the previous step", the following steps are included:
carrying out first pressure-maintaining quenching on the blank so as to martensite the blank and form a part with the appearance;
and carrying out secondary pressure maintaining quenching on the part, thereby reducing the internal stress of part molding.
3. The hot press forming method according to claim 2, wherein in the step of "subjecting the blank to the first dwell quenching to martensite the blank and form the part having the outer shape", the cooling rate at the time of the first dwell quenching is more than 30 ℃/s, and the temperature of the part after the first dwell quenching is between Ms and Mf.
4. The hot press forming method according to claim 2, wherein the time for the first dwell-quenching and the second dwell-quenching is in a range of 6s to 20 s.
5. The hot press forming method according to claim 2, characterized by comprising, after the step of "subjecting the part to the second dwell quenching to reduce the internal stress of the part forming", the steps of:
and carrying out third pressure maintaining quenching on the part, thereby further reducing the internal stress of part molding.
6. The hot press forming method according to claim 1, wherein in the step "after the press, the pressure-holding quenching is performed in a plurality of steps to obtain the product, wherein a pressure value at the time of the pressure-holding quenching in the subsequent step is smaller than a pressure value at the time of the pressure-holding quenching in the previous step", a temperature of the product after the last pressure-holding quenching is completed is equal to or lower than an Mf point to stabilize an outer shape of the part.
7. The hot press forming method according to claim 1, wherein in the step "after the press, the pressure-maintaining quenching is performed in a plurality of steps to obtain the product, wherein a pressure value at the time of the pressure-maintaining quenching in the subsequent step is smaller than a pressure value at the time of the pressure-maintaining quenching in the previous step", and the pressure value at the time of the pressure-maintaining quenching in the subsequent step is between 50% and 100% of the pressure value at the time of the pressure-maintaining quenching in the previous step.
8. The hot press forming method according to claim 1, wherein immediately after the step of "heating and austenitizing the blank", the austenitized blank is transferred into a press die, thereby preventing the blank from being oxidized.
9. The hot press forming method according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of the dwell time of the first dwell quenching to each of the subsequent dwell quenching is between 0.8 and 1.25.
10. The hot press forming method according to claim 1, wherein the plate material is hot formed steel 22MnB 5.
11. The hot press forming method according to claim 4, wherein the time for the first dwell quenching and the second dwell quenching is in a range of 8s to 12 s.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110575117.2A CN113275469B (en) | 2021-05-26 | 2021-05-26 | Hot stamping forming method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110575117.2A CN113275469B (en) | 2021-05-26 | 2021-05-26 | Hot stamping forming method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113275469A CN113275469A (en) | 2021-08-20 |
| CN113275469B true CN113275469B (en) | 2022-07-12 |
Family
ID=77281589
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110575117.2A Active CN113275469B (en) | 2021-05-26 | 2021-05-26 | Hot stamping forming method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113275469B (en) |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103785734A (en) * | 2014-01-28 | 2014-05-14 | 无锡红弦汽车轻量化科技有限公司 | Pressure cooling process of segmented reinforcing type parts of hot forming steel pipe, and die hydraulic device |
| CN105215160A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-01-06 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of multistation Continuous Heat stamping line and method |
| CN106734470A (en) * | 2017-01-05 | 2017-05-31 | 广东科学技术职业学院 | Automobile panel heat stamping and shaping method |
| CN107321832A (en) * | 2017-07-10 | 2017-11-07 | 山东钢铁集团日照有限公司 | A kind of process of steady decrease thermoforming temperatures |
| KR20180001921A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2018-01-05 | 주식회사 성우하이텍 | Partial softening hot stamping and trimming method |
| CN109517946A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-03-26 | 上海交通大学 | Quenching partition integral treatment method in steel drop stamping and mold |
| CN109622706A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-04-16 | 吉林省正轩车架有限公司 | The process of auto parts is manufactured with middle thick boron alloyed steel plate heat stamping and shaping |
| CN110252896A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-09-20 | 上海凌云汽车模具有限公司 | A kind of quenching technical and its hot forming tool of thermoformed part |
-
2021
- 2021-05-26 CN CN202110575117.2A patent/CN113275469B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103785734A (en) * | 2014-01-28 | 2014-05-14 | 无锡红弦汽车轻量化科技有限公司 | Pressure cooling process of segmented reinforcing type parts of hot forming steel pipe, and die hydraulic device |
| CN105215160A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-01-06 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of multistation Continuous Heat stamping line and method |
| KR20180001921A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2018-01-05 | 주식회사 성우하이텍 | Partial softening hot stamping and trimming method |
| CN106734470A (en) * | 2017-01-05 | 2017-05-31 | 广东科学技术职业学院 | Automobile panel heat stamping and shaping method |
| CN107321832A (en) * | 2017-07-10 | 2017-11-07 | 山东钢铁集团日照有限公司 | A kind of process of steady decrease thermoforming temperatures |
| CN109517946A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-03-26 | 上海交通大学 | Quenching partition integral treatment method in steel drop stamping and mold |
| CN109622706A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-04-16 | 吉林省正轩车架有限公司 | The process of auto parts is manufactured with middle thick boron alloyed steel plate heat stamping and shaping |
| CN110252896A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-09-20 | 上海凌云汽车模具有限公司 | A kind of quenching technical and its hot forming tool of thermoformed part |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN113275469A (en) | 2021-08-20 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| KR20180095757A (en) | Trimming method for hot-stamped parts | |
| KR101494113B1 (en) | Press-molded article and method for producing same | |
| CN104726762B (en) | Warm-hot forming method for boron-free medium-manganese steel | |
| KR100993988B1 (en) | Indirect hot stamping | |
| CN104550391B (en) | The hot press-formed technique of integrated sub-sectional cooling and carbon assigning process | |
| US8778101B2 (en) | Method of production of steel sheet pressed parts with locally modified properties | |
| KR101033361B1 (en) | Hot press forming method | |
| Vrolijk et al. | Supporting lightweight design: virtual modeling of hot stamping with tailored properties and warm and hot formed aluminium | |
| CN113275469B (en) | Hot stamping forming method | |
| CN102974683B (en) | Ultrahigh strength open section hot roll forming process and device | |
| CN109570343B (en) | High-strength steel automobile covering part assembly and manufacturing method and device thereof | |
| CN106077276A (en) | Method for forming stamping part with multiple strengths and hot stamping forming device | |
| CN106191406A (en) | Hot formed method for Ultra-Drawing strength steel sheet | |
| CN105436275A (en) | Hot-stamping forming process of low-carbon boron alloy steel automobile reinforcing plate | |
| JPS5823812B2 (en) | Manufacturing method of steel quenched piston ring | |
| CN111589920B (en) | Hot stamping method | |
| US20190264296A1 (en) | Method for Forming Vehicle Component | |
| JP2004160489A (en) | Method of press forming of panel part | |
| KR101504418B1 (en) | Deep drawing method of stainless steel for preventing breakage | |
| CN114770048A (en) | One-time drawing thermal forming method for large-scale alloy aluminum plate | |
| CN108380745A (en) | The method and pressing mold of manufacture compacting quenched member | |
| CN208513461U (en) | It is a kind of for manufacturing experimently the shared die holder of thermoformed parts | |
| MX2022005769A (en) | Hot stamp tooling assembly and method of forming a part with tailored temper properties. | |
| CN104972037A (en) | Forging technology used for improving surface quality of forge piece | |
| CN112059032B (en) | Method for improving plate forming limit based on gradient performance |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |