CN113274380A - S0859在制备治疗脑缺血再灌注损伤药物中的应用 - Google Patents
S0859在制备治疗脑缺血再灌注损伤药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了S0859在制备治疗脑缺血再灌注损伤药物中的应用。本发明以沙鼠双侧颈总动脉模型为实验对象,考察了S0859在脑缺血再灌注损伤药物中的作用。结果显示,S0859可改善脑缺血再灌注损伤后的神经功能缺失,动物狂躁及焦虑样行为,减少延迟性神经元细胞凋亡,可以通过降低AKT的磷酸化水平,实现缺血后的神经保护作用。本发明通过大量实验数据发现了S0859对脑缺血再灌注损伤具有突出的保护作用,确定了S0859用于治疗缺血再灌注的确切疗效,为脑缺血再灌注损伤的治疗提供新的途径。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,涉及化合物S0859的新用途,具体涉及S0859在制备治疗脑缺血再灌注损伤药物中的应用。
背景技术
脑血管病是涉及到人体的大脑心脏这两个最重要和最复杂的器官,是损害人类健康和寿命的元凶之一,在其人类疾病史及死亡率中占有极大比率,尤其近现代生活水平的提高及人口老龄化的加速加快了这一进程。脑血管病中最多发及其年轻化的莫过于脑卒中,通俗称其为中风。患有中风的病人轻则致残,其症状为口歪眼斜,肢体失去知觉不能动弹,生活不能自理等。重则一旦发生直接致死。按其性质又可分为缺血性脑血管病和出血性脑血管病两大类,其中缺血性脑卒中比较常见,其发病率﹑病死率的概率逐年上升。目前还没有令人满意的治疗方法可以使损伤的神经细胞或组织得到有效的保护或者相应的神经功能改善。
在缺血性疾病抢救和治疗过程中,医学家们渐渐发现,对组织造成损伤的主要因素,不是缺血本身,而是闭塞血脉恢复血液供应后在相关的动物实验和临床监察中发现,脑缺血时生物电发生改变,出现病理性慢波,缺血一定时间后再灌注,慢波持续并加重。脑缺血后5-7分钟内,细胞能量耗竭,细胞坏死。半暗带区域于再灌注数天后出现了迟发性神经元死亡,表现更加严重的脑功能障碍。因而将这种血液再灌注使缺血性损伤进一步加重的现象称为缺血-再灌注损伤。(ischemia-reperfusion injury)研究表明,相比其他组织而言,全脑缺血在所有损伤中相对脆弱,包括海马CA1,CA4,皮层等部位,可诱导迟发性神经元死亡,引发一系列反应,导致病理学的变化及行为学改变,如痴呆,记忆力减退等。因此,研究如何减轻脑缺血再灌注对学习和记忆能力影响,具有重要临床意义。
缺血再灌注损伤(Ischemia Reperfuson,I/R)为临床脑卒中溶栓或手术取栓外后的常见后遗症之一,临床上尚缺乏有效的治疗。最初的研究基于使用非选择性阴离子转运抑制剂DIDS来作用于组织或细胞,但是对特定的阴离子传输过程缺乏选择性。
发明内容
本发明目的在于针对现有技术的技术缺陷,提供一种S0859在制备治疗脑缺血再灌注损伤药物中的应用,提升脑缺血再灌注损伤的治疗效果,以拓展治疗脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护途径。
为了实现以上技术目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种S0859在制备治疗脑缺血再灌注损伤药物中的应用。
作为优选,所述脑缺血再灌注损伤是因脑缺血再灌注所致的神经功能损伤,更优选地,神经功能损伤为海马CA1区神经功能损伤。
作为优选,所述脑缺血再灌注损伤是由缺血性脑卒中导致的。
作为优选,所述脑缺血再灌注损伤由缺血再灌注损伤导致的酸中毒性损伤。
作为优选,所述治疗是通过减少凋亡细胞数量来实现的。
作为优选,所述治疗通过降低脑组织中pAKT蛋白水平来实现的。
作为优选,所述药物为注射剂。
作为优选,所述药物的有效剂量为300μg/kg。
本发明提供了S0859用于制备治疗脑缺血再灌注损伤药物中的应用,以沙鼠双侧颈总动脉模型为实验对象,考察了S0859在脑缺血再灌注损伤中的作用。首先,通过神经行为学评分及行为学的旷场试验检测IR后及IR+S0859后动物自发性运动及情绪进行评估S0859对沙鼠神经功能的改善情况;同时利用尼氏染色及tunel染色对缺血灶CA1区椎体神经元细胞进行检测;此外本发明利用蛋白印迹法追踪磷酸化蛋白的表达。
结果显示:S0859可通过调控钙超载失衡改善脑缺血再灌注损伤后的神经功能缺失,动物狂躁及焦虑样行为,减少延迟性神经元细胞凋亡,可以通过降低AKT的磷酸化水平,实现缺血后的神经保护作用,对该疾病的治疗具有潜在临床价值。
本发明通过大量实验数据发现S0859对脑缺血再灌注损伤具有突出的保护作用,确定了S0859用于治疗缺血再灌注的确切疗效,为脑缺血再灌注损伤的治疗提供新的途径。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述S0859的结构式。
图2为本发明实施例中S0859改善IR后的神经功能及行为缺陷图,其中图A为不同处理组别的沙鼠在行为学Open field旷场箱中的活动运动轨迹图,图B为不同处理组别的沙鼠在Open field旷场中总距离及中央穿越次数显著性差异分析柱状图。
图3为本发明实施例中S0859病理学组织染色后神经元数量图,其中图A为不同处理组别的沙鼠病理切片在4X,10X,20X倍物镜下海马尼氏染色结果图,图B为不同处理组别的沙鼠尼氏染色后神将元数量显著性差异分析柱状图。
图4为本发明实施例中S0859病理学组织染色后细胞凋亡结果图,其中图A为不同处理组别的沙鼠病理切片在4X,10X,20X倍物镜下海马Tunel染色结果图,图B为不同处理组别的沙鼠Tunel染色后神将元数量显著性差异分析柱状图。
图5为本发明实施例中S0859降低沙鼠脑组织pAKT蛋白水平效果图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例结合附图对本发明做详细的说明。
1.实验方法
1.1实验动物及来源
本研究获得了湖北省武汉理工大学动物伦理委员会的批准,SPF级雄性沙鼠体重为60g-80g购买于浙江省实验动物中心(许可证号:SCXK(浙)2019-0002)动物到达之后入住于具有独立通风系统(individual ventilated cages,IVC)内,室温调节在25±2℃,湿度维持于(55±10)%,自由进食、饮水,室内自动灯12小时亮/暗循环(0700亮灯),且符合SPF级要求的动物房中,所有实验严格按照湖北省实验动物的使用指南操作。
1.2实验分组
当动物入驻动物房后,适应期间每天抓取两次以使沙鼠适应实验者的触摸。待其适应环境大概一周后后开始进行正式实验。其中分组为:①假手术组(Sham,颈动脉只分离不结扎);②假手术+S0859组(sham+S0859),③缺血/再灌注模型组(I/R),④缺血/再灌注+S0859治疗组(I/R+S0859)
给药处理:
S0859:取预先-20℃冻存的5mg.ml-1储存液进行解冻,用0.9%生理盐水稀释16.5倍稀释至300μg/kg体重。其中S0859结构式如图1所示。
缺血/再灌注+S0859治疗组于动物手术清醒当天后连续4天称量体重并按300μg/kg每天一次腹腔注射连续至实验结束;假手术组(Sham);缺血/再灌注组(I/R)注射生理盐水进行平行对照。保持每日腹腔注射的时间点相同或相近,在小鼠给药期间,观察小鼠的死亡或濒死情况,精神状态、饮水进食状况、行为活动和粪便性状。
1.3实验IR造模
术前准备:手术器械高压灭菌,动物麻醉机注入100ml异氟烷溶液备用,70%酒精棉花消毒,缝合线缝合针备用。
动物麻醉:随机选取SPF级沙鼠各五只分为sham组,IR组,将沙鼠放入动物麻醉机的专用有机玻璃麻醉盒进行麻醉,起始控制麻醉药异氟烷的浓度约2%浓度,流速1ml/min进行诱导,三到五分钟后异氟烷气体充满麻醉盒,观察动物的步态行为是否进入麻醉状态,等动物进入麻醉状态后,掐其后脚掌,观察是否出现踏板反射;并用手术镊轻轻牵拉舌头,观察是否出现吞咽反射。若无踏板反射和吞咽反射现象出现,则准备进行手术。
动物固定:将沙鼠立即从麻醉盒取出,将其鼻部迅速放入麻醉机的面罩部分使沙鼠持续处于麻醉状态,采取仰卧位,将沙鼠四肢用胶带固定在泡沫板上,观察动物呼吸及心跳频率,调整麻醉浓度到1-1.5%,流速0.5ml/min,麻醉力度根据动物个体差异情况酌情调整。
调节体式显微镜焦距及光圈,打开聚光灯,使光及视野在沙鼠颈部正中间明亮清晰,用带齿镊子夹起沙鼠颈部皮肤及毛发,消毒后剪刀沿着胸骨上端,颈部正中线剪开一个小口,带齿尖镊撕开或直接剪开颈部组织及腺体,暴露出气管,从气管两侧小心撕开附在血管上方的浅筋膜,肌肉及软组织,钝性分离出双侧颈总动脉及双侧迷走神经,用弯头尖镊轻轻挑起左侧颈总动脉,在其下方穿过3-0缝合线活结备用,再将右侧颈总动脉挑起,待双侧动脉全部挑起后经动脉夹夹闭10分钟造成全脑缺血,夹闭期间观察动物呼吸及心跳以调整麻醉力度,观察血管血流阻断情况及动物眼底血液颜色初步判断是否缺血。沙鼠鼠意识丧失;双眼瞳孔散大、角膜反射消失;
夹闭10分钟后轻轻取下动脉夹使血流恢复灌注,再次观察动物眼底血色及血管颜色,前后对比以保证每只入组的动物缺血再灌注成功。
使用3-0缝合线将沙鼠颈部皮肤缝合,注意留空隙以便排气及血流的流出,将手术后的动物放回笼中,给予充足食物及水。
给药组进行双侧颈动脉夹闭手术缺血,手术清醒后进行立马S0859药物干预腹腔注射,保证每次注射时间点相近。假手术组实验处理仅分离挑起双侧颈总动脉不夹闭。
1.4行为学测试
(1)神经功能缺失评分(Neurological deficit score,NDS):
采用Geocadin全脑缺血神经功能障碍评分标准(Clin Neurophysiol,2000,111:1779-1787),正常为80分,脑死亡为0分。分别于I/R后第4天进行神经功能评分,比较各组NDS差异,具体见表1。
表1大鼠的神经缺陷评分表(NDS)
表1中,(C)运动评估中力量为左右两侧分别测试和评分;(D)感官评估中疼痛为左右两侧分别测试和评分;(F)行为中,扶正反射为将动物置于其背部并能够矫正至直立位置,负地轴为动物背对着地,成45度角,动物会自行矫正并向上倾斜,视觉摆放为将动物抬起并能够在视觉上使自己朝向物体和深度定向,转弯角落为使动物在15厘米乘0.5m的小巷末端行走和转弯。
(2)旷场实验(Open Field Test):
旷场实验是通过测量实验动物在陌生环境中运动能力来评估各组沙鼠活动能力、情绪状态是否存在差异的行为实验方法。实验开始前用75%乙醇溶液对旷场装置进行清洁和消毒,待干燥后将动物置与无盖的的敞箱中间开始进行测试。本实验参考文献自制的无盖敞箱(100cmx100cm×40cm),将中间40cmx40 cm区域划分并定义为中央区,边缘区域划分并定义为四周区。当采用双侧颈动脉造模成功后分别于再灌注3天后进行试验。实验选取当天相近时间段进行,其整个过程中保持灯光昏暗,放入沙鼠后,当沙鼠首次活动到装置中心点位置时开始计时,让其在旷场内自发活动5min,同时用摄像系统记录动物行为表现,同时生成运动轨迹图,然后启动Spain Pan Lab Smart 3.0软件自发记录分析沙鼠的行为参数,以运动总距离、平均爬行速度等参数评价动物自发性探索运动活性;以中央区和四周区的出现频率和排便粒数等参数评价动物焦虑行为;以直立次数评价动物探索行为来分析不同组别动物行为差异,验证S0859对IR损伤的逆转作用。
每只沙鼠检测结束后,抽离隔板清理排泄物,后用75%乙醇清洗方箱内壁及底面,待干燥后进行后续相同操作,以免上次动物余留的信息(如动物的大、小便、气味)对下只动物检测结果造成影响。
1.4组织学染色
(1)尼氏染色
1.将模型后的沙鼠进行心脏灌流,剥离大脑组织,于4%多聚甲醛中固定过夜。
2.将固定好的组织置于平面矫正器上切好平面后浸入20%蔗糖组织脱水下沉后,转入30%蔗糖,组织再次下沉后进行切片。
3.置于冻台冰动切片16um,贴于预先处理过的载玻片上。
4.切片浸于超纯水清洗三次,1%焦油紫染色10min,超纯水清洗三次。
5.于70%乙醇60s,于95%乙醇60s,于100%乙醇60s,于95%乙醇30s,于100%乙醇60s,于100%乙醇60s。
6.二甲苯1min,二甲苯,1min二甲苯1min。
7.中性树胶固封,显微镜下观察染色结果。
(2)TUNEL染色
1.常规方法制作冰冻切片。
2.PBS漂洗2次;用Proteinase K工作液(20ug/ml)处理组织15-30min在21–37℃(温度、时间、浓度均需摸索)或者加细胞通透液8min。
3加入含2%过氧化氢的PBS,室温反应5min,PBS漂洗2次。
4.制备TUNEL反应混合液,处理组用50μl TdT+450μl荧光素标记的dUTP液混匀;而阴性对照组仅加50μl荧光素标记的dUTP液,阳性对照组先加入100μl DNase 1,反应在15~25℃×10min,后面步骤同处理组。
5.玻片干后,用滤纸小心吸去切片周围多余液体,加50μl TUNEL反应混合液(阴性对照组仅加50μl荧光素标记的dUTP液)于标本上,加盖玻片或封口膜在暗湿盒中反应37℃×1h。
6.加入到已预热37℃的洗涤与终止反应缓冲液,37℃保温30min,PBS漂洗3次。
7.可以加1滴PBS在荧光显微镜下计数凋亡细胞(激发光波长为450~500nm,检测波长为515~565nm)。
8.玻片干后加50μl DIG-POD于标本上,加盖玻片或封口膜在暗湿盒中反应37℃×30min。
9.PBS漂洗3次;在组织处加50~100μlDAB底物,反应15~25℃×10min。
10.PBS漂洗3次;拍照后再用苏木素或甲基绿复染,几秒后立即用自来水冲洗。梯度酒精脱水、二甲苯透明、中性树胶封片。
11.加一滴PBS或甘油在视野下,用光学显微镜观察凋亡细胞(共计200~500个细胞)并拍照。可结合凋亡细胞形态特征来综合判断(未染色细胞变小,胞膜完整但出现发泡现象,晚期出现凋亡小体,贴壁细胞出现邹缩、变圆、脱落;而染色细胞呈现染色质浓缩、边缘化,核膜裂解,染色质分割成块状/凋亡小体)。
1.5蛋白印迹检测pAKT表达
(1)AKT总蛋白提取及含量测定
①动物断头取脑组织,将海马组织块,用干净的眼科剪刀剪碎组织,置于l~2ml匀浆器中
②在匀浆器中加入裂解液匀浆,然后放置在冰面上,反复碾数次:
③裂解30min后,使用移液器把上述裂解液移入1.5ml的离心管中,15 000rpm,4℃下离-15,15min,取上清液分装在0.5ml的离-15,管内,--20℃冰箱保存待用。
④混匀后放置于室温下2min,用生物分光光度计(Bradford比色法测定蛋白质浓度)进行比色分析。
(2)电泳
垂直电泳槽,用琼脂糖封边(所用琼脂糖浓度为1%),再配lO%分离胶,加入TEMED后灌胶。灌胶至玻璃板高度3/4时再在胶上加一层水,厚度约为l cm。在水和分离胶之间出现一条折射线时,即表示胶已经凝固。再等待约3min,当分离胶完全凝固后即倒去胶上层水,吸水纸吸干剩余水。
4%的浓缩胶灌满剩余空间,水平插入梳子。在浓缩胶凝固过程中,需注意要时常往玻璃板的两边补充浓缩胶。等待至浓缩胶凝固后,动作轻柔缓慢垂直向上拔出梳子。
取出上样蛋白样品至0.5ml离心管中,加入5x SDS上样缓冲液至终浓度为l X,100℃水浴加热5min使蛋白充分变性。
加足够的电泳液后,取待测蛋白样品50烬缓慢注入加样孔中。
接通电泳装置,初始电压设为60V,至溴酚蓝进入分离胶后,调整电压到80V,直到溴酚蓝达分离胶底部,关闭电源。
(3)转膜
①将滤纸、硝酸纤维素膜切成与凝胶等尺寸大小,将用于转膜的夹子、玻棒一支、海绵垫两张、滤纸和膜一起放入含有转移液的搪瓷盘里。
②打开夹子,垫海绵垫一张,再垫滤纸三层,然后将膜盖于胶上,再在膜上盖滤纸三层,最后将剩下的另一个海绵垫盖上,合起夹子;以上步骤需在转移液中操作。然后把夹子放置于转移槽内,60V恒压转移2h。
③待转膜完成后,用l X丽春红染液染膜5min,水冲洗,然后将膜晾干备用。
(4)免疫反应
①TBS浸湿膜,入5%脱脂奶粉平皿,脱色摇床上摇动封闭l h。
②将兔抗大鼠anti-tAkt多克隆抗体用TBST稀释至恰当浓度(1:1500),加到保鲜膜上,取出膜,膜蛋白而向下置于抗体液而上,室温孵育2h,TBST脱色摇床洗10min×2次,TBS洗l0min X 1次。
③同法将辣根酶标记L11羊抗兔lgG(稀释度l:500)与膜接触,室温卵孚育2h,TBST脱色摇床洗l0min×2次,TBS洗10min×1次。
(5)化学显影
①保鲜膜上等体积混合A、B两种ECL发光试剂,lmin,膜蛋白面向下入此混合液,lmin,移动膜到另一保鲜膜,去尽残液,包好,入X.光片夹。
②在暗室中显影定影;显影液、定影液各倒入一塑料盘。X.光片放在膜上,依据信号强弱调整曝光时间,待曝光完成后,取出X.光片浸入显影液中,当明显条带出现时,立即终止显影。结束显影之后,将X.光片立即浸入到定影液内,当胶片透明时即可中止定影,自来水冲洗,室温晾干。
③胶片扫描或拍照,BioRad凝胶成像仪显影成像,BioRad图像分析系统进行蛋白条带的灰度值测定,分析结果,以反映t-Akt蛋白的表达。
2统计学处理
用SPSS对实验所得数据进行统计学分析,实验数据利用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,单因素方差分析(ANOVA)以及Student t检验(Microsoft Excel)比较数据组之间的平均值,P<0.05,视为存在统计学显著性差异。Origin作图软件进行作图分析,表示为(Mean±SD)。
3结果分析
3.1沙鼠神经功能缺失评分结果,见表2。
表2.沙鼠神经功能缺失评分结果(x±s)
将沙土鼠分为假手术组(Sham,n=9),缺血再灌注组(I/R,n=8)和缺血再灌注+S0859组(I/R+S0859,n=8),再灌注4天后进行神经功能缺失评分,从多个角度检测沙土鼠神经功能情况。结果显示:I/R组沙土鼠的分数明显比其他两组低,S0859药物的干预能够翻转该作用,p<0.05(表2)。提示全脑缺血再灌注能够损失沙土鼠的神经功能,S0859药物能够翻转该作用。
3.2S0859改善IR后的神经功能及行为缺陷结果
将沙土鼠分为假手术组(Sham,n=9),缺血再灌注组(I/R,n=8)和缺血再灌注+S0859组(I/R+S0859,n=8),再灌注4天后进行旷场实验,检测沙土鼠5分钟内的总运动距离和中央区域穿梭次数。结果显示:I/R组沙土鼠的运动距离显著高于Sham组,中央区域穿梭次数显著增加,S0859药物能够翻转该作用,p<0.05(图2A、B)。提示全脑缺血再灌注能够增强沙土鼠的运动活性,并减轻焦虑样行为。
3.3S0859病理学组织染色结果
(1)将沙土鼠分为假手术组(Sham,n=2),假手术+S0859组(Sham+S0859,n=5,缺血再灌注组(I/R,n=5)和缺血再灌注+S0859组(I/R+S0859,n=4)。其中假手术+S0859组和缺血再灌注+S0859组,每日腹腔注射溶剂或300μg/kg的S0859一次,直至实验结束。再灌注4天后灌流取脑,尼氏染色观察沙土鼠海马CA1区神经元数量。结果显示:I/R组沙土鼠CA1区神经元显著减少,S0859+IR组鼠的神经元数量减少程度大大降低而S0859对假手术组没有影响(图3A、B)。
(2)用DAPI(蓝)标记细胞核,用TUNEL(绿)标记凋亡的细胞。结果显示:I/R组沙土鼠CA1区神经元有显著的细胞凋亡,而Sham组没有,S0859参与后能显著抑制该作用(图4A、B)。提示全脑缺血再灌注导致的CA1区延迟性神经元死亡机制是细胞凋亡。
3.4pAKT蛋白印迹表达结果
将沙土鼠分为假手术组(Sham,n=2),缺血再灌注组(I/R,n=5)和缺血再灌注+S0859治疗组(I/R+S0859,n=4),每日腹腔注射溶剂或300μg/kg的S0859一次,直至实验结束。Western blot检测Sham、I/R和I/R+S0859动物。pAKT-Thr308和pAKT-Ser473在I/R后升高,可被S0859阻断。(图5)
综上所述,S0859对全脑缺血再灌注损伤具有确切的治疗效果,为临床上应用干预策略治疗提供新的思路。
以上对本发明的实施例进行了详细说明,但所述内容仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明。凡在本发明的申请范围内所做的任何修改,等同替换和改进等均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.S0859在制备治疗脑缺血再灌注损伤药物中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述脑缺血再灌注损伤是因脑缺血再灌注所致的神经功能损伤。
3.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,所述神经功能损伤为海马CA1区神经功能损伤。
4.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述脑缺血再灌注损伤是由缺血性脑卒中导致的。
5.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述脑缺血再灌注损伤由缺血再灌注损伤导致的酸中毒性损伤。
6.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物为注射剂。
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