CN113271912B - 诱导口腔中siga和粘蛋白5b的方法 - Google Patents
诱导口腔中siga和粘蛋白5b的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113271912B CN113271912B CN201980086079.5A CN201980086079A CN113271912B CN 113271912 B CN113271912 B CN 113271912B CN 201980086079 A CN201980086079 A CN 201980086079A CN 113271912 B CN113271912 B CN 113271912B
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Abstract
公开了增加个体口腔中的sIgA和粘蛋白5B水平的方法。所述方法包括以有效增加所述个体口腔中的sIgA和粘蛋白5B水平的量向所述个体口腔施用口腔护理组合物,所述口腔护理组合物包含:磷酸锌、氟化亚锡和任选的有机酸缓冲体系。
Description
背景技术
粘液在全身的湿上皮表面上形成保护涂层,该保护涂层容纳微生物群并且在宿主防御中起关键作用。粘蛋白是粘液产生其粘弹特性的初级结构组分,是凝胶层保护免受入侵病原体的侵袭的关键组分。各种类型的粘蛋白存在于全身的各种位置,诸如口腔。
粘蛋白可在细胞信号转导中起作用,并且可以形成支架以供分泌的粘蛋白结合。唾液粘蛋白MUC5B、MUC7、MUC19、MUC1和MUC4中的每一种由影响粘蛋白的物理特性和在口腔中的位置的独特结构域结构组成。 MUC5B是口中的初级凝胶形成粘蛋白,其由下颌下唾液腺、舌下唾液腺、腭唾液腺和唇唾液腺中的粘液细胞分泌。
MUC5B具有其初级序列确定其形成凝胶和更高级结构的能力的几个方面。MUC5B由蛋白质主链组成,其中聚糖链向外辐射以形成“瓶-刷”结构。 MUC5B主链由大约5,700个氨基酸组成,并且大致地组织成N末端、中央糖基化区和C末端。MUC5B的中央糖基化区含有29个富含丝氨酸和苏氨酸的氨基酸的重复单位。C末端结构域参与二硫键形成,其将各个MUC5B 单体连接成二聚体,然后通过在N末端的二硫键形成形成聚合物链。
MUC5B通过与抗菌唾液蛋白结合来保护口腔,这会影响蛋白质在口腔中的位置,增加它们的保留时间并改变它们的生物活性。在一些情况下,已经表明唾液粘蛋白参与sIgA与粘膜表膜的结合,这将增加口腔上皮附近的sIgA浓度。MUC5B与这一选定组的唾液蛋白结合表明这些复合物的形成是蛋白质特异性的。唾液粘蛋白可充当抗菌唾液蛋白的载体,以将它们转运到整个口腔,增加它们在牙表膜中的保留率和/或保护蛋白质通过形成复合物而免于蛋白水解降解。MUC5B形成凝胶层的能力可以防止病原微生物但不会杀死细菌,这是与唾液中的其他防御蛋白(诸如抗菌肽)形成对比的独特特性。
分泌免疫球蛋白A(SIgA)是免疫球蛋白A(IgA)(在粘膜免疫中起关键作用的一种抗体)的一个亚类。SIgA是尤其在从唾液腺的粘膜分泌中发现的主要免疫球蛋白。SIgA并非由粘膜上皮细胞合成,而是由与粘膜细胞相邻的B淋巴细胞产生,然后转运通过细胞内部,并从细胞释放到分泌物中。SIgA在保护脆弱区域(诸如口腔)免受病原体入侵方面起关键作用。
发明内容
提供了保护个体免受病原性口腔细菌影响的方法。
提供了增加个体口腔中的sIgA和粘蛋白5B水平的方法。所述方法包括以有效增加所述个体口腔中的sIgA和粘蛋白5B水平的量向所述个体口腔施用口腔护理组合物,所述口腔护理组合物包含:磷酸锌、氟化亚锡和任选的有机酸缓冲体系。
附图说明
图1示出了针对sIgA测试的唾液样品的ELISA测定的数据。
图2示出了针对MUC5B测试的唾液样品的ELISA测定的数据。
图3示出了针对总蛋白测试的唾液样品的ELISA测定的数据。
图4示出了针对表面MUC5B测试的颊上皮细胞样品的ELISA测定的数据。
图5示出了针对表面总蛋白测试的颊上皮细胞样品的ELISA测定的数据。
图6示出了针对胞内MUC5B测试的颊上皮细胞样品的ELISA测定的数据。
图7示出了针对胞内总蛋白测试的颊上皮细胞样品的ELISA测定的数据。
图8示出了颊上皮细胞表面sIgA:门控%的流式细胞术数据。
图9示出了颊上皮细胞表面sIgA:总%的流式细胞术数据。
具体实施方式
将口腔护理组合物施用于个体口腔可以促进增加口腔中sIgA和粘蛋白 5B的水平。这些蛋白质保护个体免受病原微生物的影响,因此期望增加口腔中这些蛋白质的水平。
通过以有效促进增加粘蛋白5B和sIgA的水平的量向口腔施用口腔护理组合物来在口腔中增加粘蛋白5B和sIgA水平。口腔护理组合物包含口腔可接受的载体、磷酸锌和氟化亚锡。在进一步的实施方案中,口腔护理组合物还包含有机酸缓冲体系。
牙膏和口腔凝胶可包含按组合物的重量计1.0%至99%的水。例如,组合物可包含按组合物的重量计至少10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、35%或 40%的水,最多达例如60%、70%、80%、90%、95%或99%的水。如本文所用,水的量是指直接添加到组合物中的水,以及作为作为水溶液添加的成分或组分的一部分添加的水。在一些实施方案中,组合物包含按组合物的重量计10%至60%的水,或10%至50%的水,或10%至40%的水,或10%至30%的水,或15%至30%的水,或20%至30%的水,或约25%的水。
术语“预形成的盐”在用于提及磷酸锌时意指磷酸锌不是例如通过磷酸和另一种锌盐的反应在口腔护理组合物中原位形成。
在一些实施方案中,磷酸锌是磷酸锌的预形成盐。磷酸锌以足以使得氟化亚锡解离以在水溶液中提供治疗有效量的亚锡离子的量存在。相对于口腔护理组合物的重量,磷酸锌的量优选地为0.05重量%至10重量%,相对于口腔护理组合物的重量,优选地为0.05重量%至5重量%,例如0.1重量%至8重量%,或0.1重量%至4重量%,或0.5重量%至5重量%,或0.5 重量%至4重量%,或0.5重量%至3重量%,或0.5重量%至2重量%,或 0.8重量%至1.5重量%,或0.9重量%至1.1重量%,或约1重量%,或1重量%至4重量%,或1重量%至3重量%,或2重量%至3重量%,或约2重量%,或约2.25重量%或约2.5重量%。
相对于口腔护理组合物的重量,氟化亚锡的量优选地为0.01重量%至 11重量%、0.01重量%至5重量%,例如相对于口腔护理组合物的重量,为 0.05重量%至4重量%,或0.1重量%至3重量%,或0.05重量%至11重量%,例如0.05重量%至7重量%,或0.1重量%至5重量%,或0.2重量%至3重量%,或0.2重量%至2重量%,或0.2重量%至1重量%,或0.2重量%至0.8重量%,或0.3重量%至1重量%,或0.4重量%至0.8重量%,或 0.4重量%至0.6重量%,或0.4重量%至0.5重量%,或约0.45重量%(例如,0.454重量%)。
在一些实施方案中,相对于口腔护理组合物的重量,水的量为10重量%或更多,或约12重量%或更多,例如10-90%,或10-80%,或10-70%,或 10-60%,或10-50%,或10-40%,或10-30%,或15%至85%,或15-30%,或20%至75%,或20-50%,或20%至40%,或20%至30%,或25%至50%,或30%至40%,或30-35%,例如约35%,或约30%,或约25%,或约20%。
任选的有机缓冲体系可包含羧酸及其一种或多种共轭碱盐,例如其碱金属盐(例如,柠檬酸和柠檬酸钠)。酸可选自柠檬酸、乳酸、苹果酸、马来酸、富马酸、乙酸、琥珀酸和酒石酸。一种或多种共轭碱盐可独立地选自钠盐和钾盐或它们的组合。一些实施方案任选地包含柠檬酸,并且一种或多种共轭碱盐包括柠檬酸单钠(单碱)、柠檬酸二钠(二碱)、柠檬酸三钠(三碱)以及它们的组合。在一些实施方案中,任选的有机酸缓冲体系以按组合物的重量计0.1%至5.0%的量存在,该量作为有机酸和任意共轭碱盐的组合量测量;例如,以按组合物的重量计0.5%至4.0%或1.0至 3.0%或1.5%至3.0%或1.0%至2.4%或1.0%至2.0%或1.0%至1.5%或约1.2%的量存在。在一些实施方案中,任选的有机酸缓冲体系由按组分的重量计比率为1∶1至1∶10(例如,1∶2至1∶8或1∶3至1∶6或1∶4至1∶6或1∶5至1∶6 或约1∶5)的有机酸及其共轭碱盐组成。在一些实施方案中,任选的有机酸缓冲体系包含按重量计比率为1∶3至1∶6或1∶4至1∶6或约1∶5(例如,约 1∶5.7)的柠檬酸和柠檬酸钠盐(例如,柠檬酸三钠、柠檬酸二钠或柠檬酸单钠)。
在一些实施方案中,口腔护理组合物还包含磨料(例如,如本文所公开的二氧化硅磨料、钙磨料和其他磨料)和/或如本文所述的一种或多种湿润剂和/或一种或多种表面活性剂,以及/或者有效量的一种或多种碱金属磷酸盐,例如正磷酸盐、焦磷酸盐、三聚磷酸盐、四磷酸盐或更高的聚磷酸盐。在一些实施方案中,碱金属磷酸盐包含例如按组合物的重量计量为0.5%至5%(例如,按重量计1%至3%或1%至2%或约2%,或按组合物的重量计约2%至4%或约3%至4%或约4%)的焦磷酸四钠或焦磷酸四钾。在一些实施方案中,碱金属磷酸盐包含例如按组合物的重量计量为0.5%至6% (例如,按重量计1%至4%或2%至3%或约3%)的三聚磷酸钠或三聚磷酸钾。任何前述组合物除了包含磷酸锌外,还包含美白剂和/或一种或多种锌离子源,例如选自柠檬酸锌、氧化锌、乳酸锌、焦磷酸锌、硫酸锌或氯化锌的锌盐。在一些实施方案中,此类组合物是洁齿剂(例如,牙膏或口腔凝胶)、粉末(例如,牙粉)、锭剂、薄荷糖、霜膏、条或胶(例如,口香糖)。
在一些实施方案中,相对于口腔护理组合物的重量,组合物包含0.5重量%至3重量%的磷酸锌;0.05重量%至11重量%的氟化亚锡;1重量%至 8重量%的选自磷酸氢二钠、磷酸氢二钾、磷酸二钙二水合物、焦磷酸四钠、焦磷酸四钾、焦磷酸钙、三聚磷酸钠以及这些中的任何两者或更多者的混合物的碱金属磷酸盐;以及二氧化硅磨料。组合物可基本上不含卤化二苯醚。组合物可以是单相组合物或双相组合物。组合物可不含氧化锌、柠檬酸锌或乳酸锌中的一种或多种。磷酸锌可以是唯一的锌离子源。组合物可基本上不含六偏磷酸盐(例如,六偏磷酸钠)。
制剂可以包括由氟化亚锡提供的亚锡水平,其例如在总组合物中在 3,000ppm至15,000ppm(质量分数)亚锡离子的范围内。在实施方案中,基于组合物的总重量,可溶亚锡含量可以在0.1重量%至0.5重量%的范围内或更大,诸如在0.15重量%至0.32重量%的范围内。
组合物可任选地包含适用于口腔护理组合物的另外成分。此类成分的实例除了包括磷酸锌外,还包括活性剂,诸如氟化物源和/或磷酸盐源。组合物可在合适的洁齿剂基料中配制,该基料例如包含磨料,例如二氧化硅磨料、表面活性剂、发泡剂、维生素、聚合物、酶、湿润剂、增稠剂、另外的抗微生物剂、防腐剂、调味剂、着色剂和/或它们的组合。合适的洁齿剂基料的实例在本领域中是已知的。另选地,组合物可被配制成凝胶(例如,在牙托中使用)、口香糖、锭剂或薄荷糖。可以用于本公开的组合物中的合适的另外成分的实例在下文更详细地讨论。
口腔护理组合物包含精氨酸或其盐。在一些实施方案中,精氨酸为L- 精氨酸或其盐。合适的盐包括本领域中已知为药学上可接受的盐的盐,这些药学上可接受的盐通常被认为在所提供的量和浓度下是生理学上可接受的。生理学上可接受的盐包括来源于药学上可接受的无机或有机酸或碱的盐,例如由形成生理学上可接受的阴离子的酸形成的酸加成盐,例如盐酸盐或溴化物盐,以及由形成生理学上可接受的阳离子的碱形成的碱加成盐,例如来源于碱金属(诸如钾和钠)或碱土金属(诸如钙和镁)的碱加成盐。生理学上可接受的盐可使用本领域中已知的标准程序获得,例如通过使足够碱性的化合物(诸如胺)与提供生理学上可接受的阴离子的合适的酸反应。在一些实施方案中,精氨酸部分或全部呈盐形式,诸如磷酸精氨酸、盐酸精氨酸或碳酸氢精氨酸。在一些实施方案中,精氨酸以对应于总组合物重量的0.1%至15%(例如0.1重量%至10重量%,例如0.1至5重量%,例如0.5重量%至3重量%)(例如,约1%、1.5%、2%、3%、4%、5%或 8%)的量存在,其中精氨酸的重量以游离形式计算。在一些实施方案中,精氨酸以对应于总组合物重量的约0.5重量%至约20重量%、总组合物重量的约0.5重量%至约10重量%(例如约1.5重量%、约3.75重量%、约5重量%或约7.5重量%)的量存在,其中精氨酸的重量以游离形式计算。在一些实施方案中,基于组合物的总重量,精氨酸以0.5重量%至10重量%或0.5重量%至3重量%或1重量%至2.85重量%或1.17重量%至2.25重量%或1.4重量%至1.6重量%或0.75重量%至2.9重量%或1.3重量%至2重量%或约1.5重量%的量存在。通常,基于口腔护理组合物的总重量,精氨酸以至多5重量%、进一步任选地0.5重量%至5重量%、再进一步任选地2.5 重量%至4.5重量%的量存在。在一些实施方案中,精氨酸以0.1重量%至 6.0重量%(例如,约1.5重量%)或约4.5重量%至8.5重量%(例如, 5.0%)或3.5重量%至9重量%或8.0重量%的量存在。在一些实施方案中,精氨酸以例如约0.5重量%至2重量%(例如,就漱口水而言以约1%)存在于洁齿剂中。
一种或多种氟离子源任选地以向口腔护理组合物提供临床有效量的可溶性氟离子的量存在。氟离子源例如可用作抗龋齿剂。可以使用任何口腔可接受的颗粒状氟离子源,包括氟化亚锡、氟化钠、氟化钾、单氟磷酸钾、单氟磷酸钠、单氟磷酸铵、氟硅酸钠、氟硅酸铵、氟化铟、氟化胺(诸如奥拉氟(N′-十八烷基三亚甲基二胺-N,N,N′-三(2-乙醇)-二氢氟化物))、氟化铵、氟化钛、六氟硫酸盐以及它们的组合。氟化物(当存在时)可以例如约25ppm至约25,000ppm(例如,对于消费型牙膏,约50ppm至约 5000ppm、约750ppm至约2,000ppm(例如,1000ppm至1500ppm,例如约 1000ppm,例如约1450ppm))产品的水平存在。在一些实施方案中,氟化物以约100ppm至约1000ppm、约200ppm至约500ppm或约250ppm、 500ppm至3000ppm氟离子存在。在一些实施方案中,氟化物源提供量为 50ppm至25,000ppm(例如750ppm至7000ppm,例如1000ppm至5500ppm,例如约500ppm、1000ppm、1100ppm、2800ppm、5000ppm或25000ppm) 的氟离子。在一些实施方案中,氟化物源是氟化亚锡。在一些实施方案中,氟化物源是氟化亚锡,其提供量为750ppm至7000ppm(例如,约1000ppm、 1100ppm、2800ppm、5000ppm)的氟化物。在一些实施方案中,氟化物源是氟化亚锡,其提供量为约5000ppm的氟化物。在一些实施方案中,氟化物源是氟化钠,其提供量为750ppm至2000ppm(例如,约1450ppm)的氟化物。在一些实施方案中,氟化物源选自氟化钠和单氟磷酸钠,并且其提供量为1000ppm至1500ppm的氟化物。在一些实施方案中,氟化物源为氟化钠或单氟磷酸钠,并且其提供量为约1450ppm的氟化物。在一些实施方案中,氟化亚锡是唯一的氟化物源。在一些实施方案中,氟化物源是氟化亚锡,其提供量为750ppm至7000ppm(例如,约1000ppm、1100ppm、 2800ppm、5000ppm)的氟化物。在一些实施方案中,氟化物源是氟化亚锡,其提供量为约5000ppm的氟化物。氟离子源可以约0.001重量%至约10重量%(例如,约0.003重量%至约5重量%、0.01重量%至约1重量%或约 0.05重量%)的水平添加到组合物中。在一些实施方案中,氟化亚锡以总组合物重量的0.1重量%至2重量%(0.1重量%至0.6重量%)的量存在。氟离子源可以约0.001重量%至约10重量%(例如,约0.003重量%至约5重量%、0.01重量%至约1重量%或约0.05重量%)的水平添加到组合物中。然而,应当理解,提供适当水平的氟离子的氟化物盐的重量将明显基于盐中抗衡离子的重量而变化,并且本领域技术人员可容易地确定此类量。在一些实施方案中,氟化物源是以总组合物重量的0.1重量%至2重量%(0.1 重量%至0.6重量%)的量存在的氟化物盐(例如,氟化钠(例如,约0.32 重量%)或单氟磷酸钠(例如,0.3%至0.4%),例如,约0.32%氟化钠)。
本文所述的口腔护理组合物还可包含一种或多种其他试剂,诸如通常选自由以下项组成的组的那些试剂:磨料、抗牙菌斑剂、美白剂、抗菌剂、清洁剂、调味剂、甜味剂、粘合剂、表面活性剂、泡沫调节剂、pH调节剂、湿润剂、口感剂、着色剂、牙垢控制(抗牙结石)剂、聚合物、唾液刺激剂、营养素、粘度调节剂、抗敏感剂、抗氧化剂以及它们的组合。
在一些实施方案中,口腔护理组合物包含一种或多种磨料颗粒,诸如可用作例如抛光剂的磨料颗粒。可以使用任何口腔可接受的磨料,但磨料的类型、细度(粒度)和量应被选择成使得牙釉质在组合物的正常使用中不被过度磨损。可使用的磨料颗粒的实例包括以下磨料:诸如碳酸氢钠、不溶性磷酸盐(诸如正磷酸盐、聚偏磷酸盐和焦磷酸盐,包括正磷酸二钙二水合物、焦磷酸钙、磷酸三钙、聚偏磷酸钙和不溶性聚偏磷酸钠)、磷酸钙(例如,磷酸二钙二水合物)、硫酸钙、天然碳酸钙(CC)、沉淀碳酸钙(PCC)、二氧化硅(例如,水合二氧化硅或硅胶或呈沉淀二氧化硅的形式或与氧化铝混合)、氧化铁、氧化铝、硅酸铝、钙化氧化铝、膨润土、其他硅质材料、珍珠岩、塑料颗粒(例如,聚乙烯)以及它们的组合。天然碳酸钙磨料通常为磨细的石灰岩,其可任选地经提炼或部分地提炼以除去杂质。材料优选地具有小于10微米(例如,3-7微米,例如约5.5微米) 的平均粒度。例如,小颗粒二氧化硅可具有2.5-4.5微米的平均粒度 (D50)。因为天然碳酸钙可含有高比例的未仔细控制的相对大的颗粒,这会不可接受地增大研磨性,所以优选地不超过0.01重量%、优选地不超过 0.004重量%的颗粒将不通过325目筛。材料具有强晶体结构,因此比沉淀碳酸钙硬得多且研磨性更强。天然碳酸钙的振实密度例如介于1g/cc与 1.5g/cc之间,例如为约1.2g/cc,例如为约1.19g/cc。天然碳酸钙存在不同的多晶型物,例如方解石、霰石和球霰石,出于本发明的目的优选方解石。适用于本发明的市售产品的实例包括得自GMZ的Vicron® 25-11FG。沉淀碳酸钙具有与天然碳酸钙不同的晶体结构。它通常更易碎且更多孔,因此具有较低的研磨性和较高的吸水性。为了用于本发明,颗粒较小,例如具有1-5微米的平均粒度,并且例如不超过0.1重量%、优选地不超过0.05重量%的颗粒将不会通过325目筛。颗粒可例如具有3-6微米(例如,3.8-4.9 微米,例如约4.3微米)的D50,1-4微米(例如,2.2-2.6微米,例如约2.4微米)的D50以及1-2微米(例如,1.2-1.4微米,例如约1.3微米)的D10。颗粒具有相对高的吸水性,例如至少25g/100g,例如30-70g/100g。适用的市售产品的实例包括例如来自LagosIndustria Quimica的15Plus。在一些实施方案中,使用另外的含钙磨料,例如磷酸钙磨料,例如磷酸三钙、羟基磷灰石或二水磷酸二钙或焦磷酸钙;和/或二氧化硅磨料、偏磷酸钠、偏磷酸钾、硅酸铝、煅烧氧化铝、膨润土或其他硅质材料,或它们的组合。二氧化硅磨料的实例包括但不限于平均粒度高达约20微米的沉淀或水合二氧化硅,诸如Zeodent105和Zeodent 114(由J.M.Huber Chemicals Division,Havre de Grace,Md.21078销售);Sylodent783(由Davison Chemical Division of W.R.Grace&Company销售);或Sorbosil AC 43(得自PQ Corporation)。在一些实施方案中,二氧化硅磨料的有效量为约 10%-30%,例如约20%。在一些实施方案中,酸性二氧化硅磨料Sylodent 以约2重量%至约35重量%、约3重量%至约20重量%、约3重量%至约 15重量%、约10重量%至约15重量%的浓度被包含。举例来说,酸性二氧化硅磨料可以选自以下的量存在:2重量%、3重量%、4%重量%、5重量%、 6重量%、7重量%、8重量%、9重量%、10重量%、11重量%、12重量%、13重量%、14重量%、15重量%、16重量%、17重量%、18重量%、19重量%、20重量%。当作为5重量%的水浆液测量时,Sylodent 783具有3.4- 4.2的pH,并且二氧化硅材料具有小于10微米,例如3-7微米,例如约5.5 微米的平均粒度。在一些实施方案中,二氧化硅是合成无定形二氧化硅 (例如,1重量%-28重量%)(例如,8重量%-25重量%)。在一些实施方案中,二氧化硅磨料为硅胶或沉淀无定形二氧化硅,例如平均粒度在2.5微米至12微米范围内的二氧化硅。一些实施方案还包含中值粒度(d50)为 1-5微米(例如,3-4微米)的小颗粒二氧化硅(例如,约5重量%的得自 PQ Corporation Warrington,United Kingdom的Sorbosil AC43)。组合物可包含5至20重量%的小颗粒二氧化硅,或例如10-15重量%,或例如5重量%、10重量%、15重量%或20重量%的小颗粒二氧化硅。在一些实施方案中,组合物中20重量%至30重量%的总二氧化硅是小颗粒二氧化硅(例如,中值粒度(d50)为3-4微米),并且其中小颗粒二氧化硅占口腔护理组合物的约5重量%。在一些实施方案中,二氧化硅用作增稠剂,例如颗粒二氧化硅。在一些实施方案中,组合物包含碳酸钙,诸如高吸收性沉淀碳酸钙(例如,组合物的20重量%至重量30%,或25%高吸收性沉淀碳酸钙) 或轻质沉淀碳酸钙(例如,约10%轻质沉淀碳酸钙)或约10%天然碳酸钙。
在一些实施方案中,口腔护理组合物包含美白剂,例如选自由过氧化物、金属亚氯酸盐、过硼酸盐、过碳酸盐、过氧酸、次氯酸盐、羟磷灰石以及它们的组合组成的组。口腔护理组合物可包含过氧化氢或过氧化氢源,例如过氧化脲或过氧化物盐或络合物(例如,诸如过氧磷酸盐、过氧碳酸盐、过硼酸盐、过氧硅酸盐或过硫酸盐;例如过氧磷酸钙、过硼酸钠、过氧碳酸钠、过氧磷酸钠和过硫酸钾)或过氧化氢聚合物络合物(诸如过氧化氢-聚乙烯吡咯烷酮聚合物络合物)。
在一些实施方案中,口腔护理组合物包含有效量的一种或多种抗菌剂,例如包含选自以下的抗菌剂:卤代二苯醚(例如三氯生)、三氯生单磷酸盐、草药提取物和精油(例如,迷迭香提取物、茶叶提取物、木兰提取物、百里酚、薄荷醇、桉叶脑、香叶醇、香芹酚、柠檬醛、日桧醇、厚朴酚、熊果酸、ursic酸、桑色素、儿茶酚、水杨酸甲酯、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、表没食子儿茶素、没食子酸、米斯瓦克(miswak)提取物、沙棘提取物)、双胍防腐剂(例如,氯己定、阿来西定或奥替尼啶)、季铵化合物(例如,氯化十六烷基吡啶(CPC)、苯扎氯铵、氯化十四烷基吡啶(TPC)、N-十四烷基-4-乙基氯化吡啶(TDEPC))、酚类防腐剂、海克替啶呋喃酮、细菌素、月桂酰精氨酸乙酯、精氨酸碳酸氢盐、山茶提取物、类黄酮、黄烷、卤代二苯醚、肌酸、血根碱、聚维酮碘、地莫匹醇、 salifluor、金属离子(例如锌盐、亚锡盐、铜盐、铁盐)、蜂胶(propolis) 和氧化剂(例如,过氧化氢、缓冲的过氧硼酸钠或过氧碳酸钠)、邻苯二甲酸及其盐、单过氧邻苯二甲酸及其盐和酯、硬脂酸抗坏血酸酯、肌氨酸油酰酯、硫酸烷酯、磺基琥珀酸二辛酯、水杨酰苯胺、溴化度米芬 (domiphen bromide)、地莫匹醇(delmopinol)、辛哌乙醇和其他哌啶子基衍生物、乳链菌肽制剂、亚氯酸盐;对羟基苯甲酸酯诸如对羟基苯甲酸甲酯和对羟基苯甲酸丙酯,以及前述任一者的混合物。一种或多种另外的抗菌剂或防腐剂可任选地以按组合物的总重量计约0.01重量%至约0.5重量%、任选地约0.05重量%至约0.1重量%或约0.3重量%的总量存在于组合物中。
在一些实施方案中,口腔护理组合物可包含至少一种碳酸氢盐,其可由于泡腾和释放二氧化碳而用于向牙齿和牙龈赋予“清洁感”。可使用任何口腔可接受的碳酸氢盐,包括但不限于碱金属碳酸氢盐,诸如碳酸氢钠和碳酸氢钾、碳酸氢铵等。一种或多种另外的碳酸氢盐任选地以按组合物的总重量计约0.1重量%至约50重量%(例如,约1重量%至约20重量%) 的总量存在。
在一些实施方案中,口腔护理组合物还包含至少一种调味剂,所述调味剂可用于例如增强组合物的味道。可使用任何口腔可接受的天然或合成的调味剂,包括但不限于精油和各种调味醛、酯、醇和类似的物质、茶叶调味剂、香草醛、鼠尾草、马郁兰、欧芹油、留兰香油、肉桂油、冬青油、薄荷油、丁香油、月桂油、茴香油、桉树油、柑橘油、水果油、黄樟和水果香精(包括源自柠檬、桔子、酸橙、葡萄柚、杏子、香蕉、葡萄、苹果、草莓、樱桃、菠萝等的那些)、源自豆类和坚果的调味剂(诸如咖啡、可可、可乐果、花生、杏仁)等,吸附的和包封的调味剂等。还涵盖在本文的调味剂之内的是在口中提供芳香和/或其他感官效果(包括凉爽或温热效果)的成分。此类成分例示性包括薄荷醇、香芹酮、三萜醇乙酸酯、乳酸薄荷酯、樟脑、桉树油、桉树脑、茴香脑、丁子香酚、肉桂、羟苯基丁酮、α-紫罗兰酮、丙烯基愈创木酚、百里酚、芳樟醇、苯甲醛、肉桂醛、N-乙基-对-薄荷烷-3-甲酰胺、N,2,3-三甲基-2-异丙基丁酰胺、3-(1-薄荷氧基)-丙烷-1,2-二醇、桂皮醛甘油缩醛(CGA)、薄荷酮甘油缩醛(MGA)等。一种或多种调味剂任选地以按组合物的总重量计约0.01重量%至约5重量% (例如,约0.03重量%至约2.5重量%、任选地约0.05重量%至约1.5重量%、进一步任选地约0.1重量%至约0.3重量%,以及在一些实施方案中在各种实施方案中约0.01重量%至约1重量%、约0.05重量%至约2重量%、约0.1重量%至约2.5重量%和约0.1重量%至约0.5重量%)的总量存在。
在一些实施方案中,口腔护理组合物包含至少一种甜味剂,所述甜味剂可用于例如增强组合物的味道。可用于本文的那些甜味剂包括右旋糖、聚右旋糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、糊精、干的转化糖、甘露糖、木糖、核糖、果糖、左旋糖、半乳糖、玉米糖浆、部分水解的淀粉、氢化淀粉水解产物、乙醇、山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇、木糖醇、麦芽糖醇、异麦芽酮糖醇、阿斯巴甜、纽甜、糖精及其盐(例如,糖精钠)、三氯蔗糖、基于二肽的强甜味剂、环己氨基磺酸盐(cyclamate)、二氢查耳酮、甘油、丙二醇、聚乙二醇、泊洛沙姆聚合物诸如POLOXOMER 407、PLURONIC F108(均可购自 BASF Corporation)、烷基聚葡糖苷(APG)、聚山梨酸酯、PEG40、蓖麻油、薄荷醇,以及它们的混合物。一种或多种甜味剂任选的存在总量密切取决于选择的特定甜味剂,但是通常为以组合物的总重量计的0.005重量%至5重量%,任选地0.005重量%至0.2重量%,还任选地以组合物的总重量计的0.05重量%至0.1重量%。
在一些实施方案中,口腔护理组合物还包含干扰或防止细菌附着的试剂,例如月桂酰精胺酸乙酯(ELA)、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯(solbrol)或壳聚糖,以及牙斑分散剂诸如酶(木瓜蛋白酶、葡糖淀粉酶等)。
在一些实施方案中,口腔护理组合物还包含至少一种表面活性剂。可使用任何口腔可接受的表面活性剂,其中大部分是阴离子型、阳离子型、两性离子型、非离子型以及它们的混合物。合适的表面活性剂的实例包括高级脂肪酸单甘油酯单硫酸酯的水溶性盐,诸如氢化椰子油脂肪酸的单硫酸单甘油酯的钠盐;高级烷基硫酸盐,诸如月桂基硫酸钠、椰子甘油单酯磺酸钠、月桂基肌氨酸钠、月桂基异硫氰酸钠、月桂醚羧酸钠和十二烷基苯磺酸钠;烷基芳基磺酸盐,诸如十二烷基苯磺酸钠;高级烷基磺基乙酸盐,诸如月桂基磺基乙酸钠;1,2-二羟基丙烷磺酸的高级脂肪酸酯;以及低级脂肪族氨基羧酸化合物的基本上饱和的高级脂族酰基酰胺,诸如在脂肪酸、烷基或酰基中具有12至16个碳的那些;等等。酰胺的实例包括N-月桂基肌氨酸以及N-月桂基、N-肉豆蔻酰基或N-棕榈酰基肌氨酸的钠盐、钾盐和乙醇胺盐。阳离子表面活性剂的实例包括具有一条含有8至18个碳原子的长烷基链的脂肪族季铵化合物的衍生物,诸如氯化月桂基三甲基铵、氯化鲸蜡基吡啶、溴化鲸蜡基三甲基铵、氯化二异丁基苯氧基乙基二甲基苯甲基铵、亚硝酸椰子基烷基三甲基铵、氟化鲸蜡基吡啶以及它们的混合物。合适的非离子表面活性剂包括但不限于泊洛沙姆、聚氧乙烯失水山梨糖醇酯、脂肪醇乙氧基化物、烷基酚乙氧基化物、叔胺氧化物、叔膦氧化物、二烷基亚砜等。其他实例包括例如非阴离子聚氧乙烯表面活性剂,诸如泊洛沙姆407、硬脂基聚氧乙烯30、聚山梨醇酯20和蓖麻油;以及两性表面活性剂,诸如具有阴离子基团(诸如羰酸根、硫酸根、磺酸根、磷酸根或膦酸根)的脂族仲胺和叔胺的衍生物,诸如椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱(tegobaine)和椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱月桂基葡糖苷,氧化乙烯与各种含氢化合物的缩合产物,所述含氢化合物可与氧化乙烯反应并具有疏水性长链 (例如,12至20个碳原子的脂族链),所述缩合产物(乙沙姆)含有亲水性聚氧乙烯部分,诸如聚(氧化乙烯)与脂肪酸、脂肪醇、脂肪酰胺和其他脂肪部分的缩合产物,以及与氧化丙烯和聚氧化丙烯的缩合产物。在一些实施方案中,口腔组合物包括月桂基硫酸钠(SLS)和椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱的表面活性剂体系。一种或多种表面活性剂任选地以按组合物的总重量计约 0.01重量%至约10重量%(例如约0.05重量%至约5重量%或约0.1重量%至约2重量%,例如约1.5重量%)的总量存在。在一些实施方案中,口腔组合物包含阴离子表面活性剂,例如选自月桂基硫酸钠、醚月桂基硫酸钠以及它们的混合物的表面活性剂,例如其量为约0.3重量%至约4.5重量%,例如1%至2%的月桂基硫酸钠(SLS);和/或两性离子表面活性剂,例如甜菜碱表面活性剂,例如椰油酰胺基丙基甜菜碱,例如其量为约0.1重量%至约4.5重量%,例如0.5%至2%的椰油酰胺基丙基甜菜碱。一些实施方案包含0.5%-5%(例如1%-2%)的量的非离子表面活性剂,其选自泊洛沙姆 (泊洛沙姆407)、聚山梨醇酯(例如聚山梨醇酯20)、聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油(例如聚氧乙烯40氢化蓖麻油)以及它们的混合物。在一些实施方案中,泊洛沙姆非离子表面活性剂具有的聚氧丙烯分子质量为3000至 5000g/mol,聚氧乙烯含量为60至80mol%,例如,泊洛沙姆非离子表面活性剂包含泊洛沙姆407。前述组合物中的任一种还可包含山梨糖醇,其中所述山梨糖醇的总量为10-40%(例如约23%)。
在一些实施方案中,口腔护理组合物包含至少一种泡沫调节剂,其可用于例如在搅拌时增加由组合物产生的泡沫的量、浓密程度或稳定性。可以使用任何口腔可接受的泡沫调节剂,包括但不限于聚乙二醇(PEG),也称为聚氧乙烯。高分子量PEG是合适的,包括平均分子量为200,000至 7,000,000、例如500,000至5,000,000、或1,000,000至2,500,000的那些。一种或多种PEG任选地以按组合物的总重量计约0.1重量%至约10重量%、例如约0.2重量%至约5重量%、或约0.25重量%至约2重量%的总量存在。
在一些实施方案中,口腔护理组合物包含至少一种pH调节剂。此类试剂包括降低pH的酸化剂、提高pH的碱化剂和将pH控制在所需范围内的缓冲剂。例如,可以包括选自酸化剂、碱化剂和缓冲剂的一种或多种化合物以提供2至10或在各个说明性实施方案中2至8、3至9、4至8、5至 7、6至10、7至9的pH等。可以使用任何口腔可接受的pH调节剂,包括但不限于羧酸、磷酸和磺酸、酸式盐(例如,柠檬酸单钠、柠檬酸二钠、苹果酸单钠等)、碱金属氢氧化物(诸如氢氧化钠)、碳酸盐(诸如碳酸钠)、碳酸氢盐(诸如碳酸氢钠)、倍半碳酸盐、硼酸盐、硅酸盐、硫酸氢盐、磷酸盐(例如,磷酸单钠、磷酸三钠、磷酸二氢钾、磷酸氢二钾、磷酸三钠、三聚磷酸钠、磷酸)、咪唑、磷酸钠缓冲液(例如,磷酸二氢钠和磷酸二钠)、柠檬酸盐(例如,柠檬酸、柠檬酸三钠脱水物)、焦磷酸盐(钠盐和钾盐)等以及它们的混合物。一种或多种pH调节剂任选地以有效将组合物维持在口腔可接受的pH范围内的总量存在。组合物可具有酸性或碱性的pH,例如pH 4至pH5.5或pH 8至pH 10。在一些实施方案中,当将组合物溶解在水、漱口液基料或牙膏基料中时,缓冲剂的量足以提供约5至约9、优选约6至约8并且更优选约7的pH。缓冲剂的典型量为按总组合物的重量计约5%至约35%,在一个实施方案中为约10%至约30%,在另一实施方案中为约15%至约25%。
在一些实施方案中,口腔护理组合物还包含至少一种湿润剂。可以使用任何口腔可接受的湿润剂,包括但不限于多元醇诸如甘油、山梨醇(任选地作为70重量%的水溶液)、丙二醇、木糖醇或低分子量聚乙二醇 (PEG)以及它们的混合物。大部分湿润剂还充当甜味剂。在一些实施方案中,组合物包含15重量%至70重量%或30重量%至65重量%的湿润剂。适合的湿润剂包括可食用的多羟基醇,诸如甘油、山梨糖醇、木糖醇、丙二醇以及其他多元醇和这些湿润剂的混合物。甘油和山梨糖醇的混合物可用于某些实施方案以作为本文中的组合物的湿润剂组分。一种或多种湿润剂任选地以按组合物的总重量计约1重量%至约70重量%(例如,约1重量%至约50重量%、约2重量%至约25重量%或约5重量%至约15重量%) 的总量存在。在一些实施方案中,湿润剂诸如甘油以至少>20%,例如 20%-40%,例如25%-35%的量存在。
口感剂包含在使用组合物期间赋予期望的质地或其他感觉的材料。在一些实施方案中,口腔护理组合物包含可用于例如赋予组合物期望的稠度和/或口感的至少一种增稠剂。可以使用任何口腔可接受的增稠剂,包括但不限于卡波姆(也称为羧乙烯基聚合物)、角叉菜胶(也称为爱尔兰藓,更具体地为i-角叉菜胶(I-角叉菜胶))、纤维素聚合物(诸如羟乙基纤维素)和纤维素醚的水溶性盐(例如,羧甲基纤维素钠和羧甲基羟乙基纤维素钠)、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)及其盐(例如,CMC钠)、天然胶(诸如梧桐树胶、黄原胶、阿拉伯树胶和黄蓍胶)、胶体硅酸镁铝、胶体二氧化硅、淀粉、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羟乙基丙基纤维素、羟丁基甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素和羟乙基纤维素以及无定形二氧化硅等。一类优选的增稠剂或胶凝剂包括与季戊四醇烷基醚或蔗糖烷基醚交联的一类丙烯酸均聚物,或卡波姆。卡波姆可以作为系列从B.F.Goodrich商购获得。特别优选的Carbopol包括Carbopol934、940、941、956、974P以及它们的混合物。也可以使用二氧化硅增稠剂,诸如DT 267(得自PPG Industries)。一种或多种增稠剂任选地以按组合物的总重量计约0.01重量%至15重量% (例如,约0.1重量%至约10重量%或约0.2重量%至约5重量%)的总量存在。一些实施方案包含羧甲基纤维素钠(例如,0.5重量%至1.5重量%)。在某些实施方案中,使用按总组合物的重量计约0.5%至约5.0%的量的增稠剂。增稠剂可以按1重量%至15重量%、3重量%至10重量%、4 重量%至9重量%、5重量%至8重量%、例如5重量%、6重量%、7重量%或8重量%的量存在。
在一些实施方案中,口腔护理组合物包含至少一种着色剂。本文中的着色剂包括颜料、染料、色淀和赋予特定光泽或反射率的试剂诸如珠光剂。在各种实施方案中,着色剂可操作以在牙齿表面上提供白色或浅色涂层、充当牙齿表面上已被组合物有效接触的位置的指示、和/或修改组合物的外观,特别是颜色和/或不透明度以增强对消费者的吸引力。可使用任何口腔可接受的着色剂,包括FD&C染料和颜料、滑石、云母、碳酸镁、碳酸钙、硅酸镁、硅酸镁铝、二氧化硅、二氧化钛、氧化锌、红色、黄色、棕色和黑色氧化铁、亚铁氰化铁铵、锰紫、群青、钛化云母、氯氧化铋及其混合物。一种或多种着色剂任选地以按组合物的总重量计约0.001%至约20% (例如,约0.01%至约10%或约0.1%至约5%)的总量存在。
在一些实施方案中,口腔护理组合物还包含抗牙结石(牙垢控制)剂。合适的抗牙结石剂包括但不限于:磷酸盐和多磷酸盐、聚氨基丙烷磺酸 (AM PS)、聚烯烃磺酸盐、聚烯烃磷酸盐、二磷酸盐诸如氮杂环烷烃- 2,2-二磷酸盐(例如,氮杂环庚烷-2,2-二磷酸)、N-甲基氮杂环戊烷-2,3-二磷酸、乙烷-1-羟基-1,1-二磷酸(EHDP)以及乙烷-1-氨基-1,1-二磷酸盐、磷酰基烷烃羧酸。可用的无机磷酸盐和多磷酸盐包括磷酸二氢钠、磷酸氢二钠和磷酸三钠。可溶性焦磷酸盐是可用的抗牙垢剂。焦磷酸盐可以是任何碱金属焦磷酸盐。在某些实施方案中,盐包括四碱金属焦磷酸盐、二碱金属二酸焦磷酸盐、三碱金属单酸焦磷酸盐以及它们的混合物,其中碱金属是钠或钾。焦磷酸盐还通过降低水活性、焦磷酸四钠(TSPP)、焦磷酸四钾、三聚磷酸钠、四聚磷酸盐、三聚磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钠以及它们的混合物来促进组合物的保存。呈水合和未水合形式的盐均为适用的。可用于本发明组合物中的焦磷酸盐的有效量通常足以提供至少0.1重量%的焦磷酸根离子,例如0.1重量%至3重量%,例如0.1重量%至2重量%,例如0.1重量%至1重量%,例如0.2重量%至0.5重量%。
其他可用的牙垢控制剂包括聚合物和共聚物。在一些实施方案中,口腔护理组合物包含一种或多种聚合物,诸如聚乙二醇、聚乙烯甲基醚马来酸共聚物、多糖(例如纤维素衍生物,例如羧甲基纤维素;或多糖胶,例如黄原胶或角叉菜胶)。酸性聚合物(例如聚丙烯酸酯凝胶)可以其游离酸或部分或完全中和的水溶性碱金属(例如钾和钠)或铵盐的形式提供。某些实施方案包含马来酸酐或马来酸与另一种可聚合烯键式不饱和单体例如甲基乙烯基醚(甲氧基乙烯)的分子量(M.W.)为约30,000至约 1,000,000的1∶4至4∶1共聚物、聚乙烯基甲基醚/马来酸酐(PVM/MA)共聚物,诸如(例如,S-97聚合物)。在一些实施方案中,PVM/MA共聚物包括甲基乙烯基醚/马来酸酐的共聚物,其中酸酐在共聚作用之后水解,从而得到对应的酸。在一些实施方案中,PVM/MA 共聚物具有约30,000至约1,000,000,例如约300,000至约800,000的平均分子量(M.W.),例如其中阴离子型聚合物为组合物的重量的约1%-5%,例如约2%。在一些实施方案中,基于组合物的总重量,抗牙结石剂以0.2 重量%至0.8重量%、0.3重量%至0.7重量%、0.4重量%至0.6重量%或约0.5重量%的量存在于组合物中。共聚物可例如以GAF Chemicals Corporation的GantrezAN 139(M.W.500,000)、AN 119(M.W.250,000) 和S-97药物级(M.W.70,000)获得。其他起作用的聚合物包括如马来酸酐与丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、N-乙烯基-2-吡咯酮或乙烯的1∶1共聚物的那些,后者可例如以Monsanto EMA编号1103、M.W.10,000以及 EMA等级61获得;以及丙烯酸与甲基丙烯酸甲酯或甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯酸甲酯或丙烯酸乙酯、异丁基乙烯醚或N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮的1∶1共聚物。一般来讲,适合的是含有活性碳-碳烯属双键和至少一个羧基的聚合的烯属或烯系不饱和羧酸,即含有因为在相对于羧基的α-β位置中或作为未端亚甲基群组的一部分存在于单体分子中而容易在聚合中起作用的烯属双键的酸。这类酸的例证为丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、乙基丙烯酸、α-氯丙烯酸、巴豆酸、β-丙烯酰氧基丙酸、山梨酸、α-氯代山梨酸、肉桂酸、β-苯乙烯基丙烯酸、粘糠酸、衣康酸(itaconic)、柠康酸、甲基反丁烯二酸、戊烯二酸、乌头酸、α-苯基丙烯酸、2-苄基丙烯酸、2-环己基丙烯酸、当归酸、伞形酸、富马酸、马来酸以及酸酐。可与此类羧酸单体共聚的其他不同的烯属单体包括乙酸乙烯酯、氯乙烯、马来酸二甲酯等。共聚物含有对于水溶性来讲足够的羧酸盐基团。另一类聚合型试剂包括含有取代丙烯酰胺的均聚物和/或不饱和磺酸及其盐的均聚物的组合物,特别地其中聚合物基于的是选自丙烯酰氨基烷烃磺酸如2-丙烯酰胺2甲基丙烷磺酸的不饱和磺酸,分子量为约1,000至约2,000,000。另一类适用的聚合剂包括聚氨基酸,尤其是含有成比例的阴离子表面活性氨基酸的那些,所述氨基酸如为天冬氨酸、谷氨酸和磷酸丝氨酸。
在一些实施方案中,口腔护理组合物包含可用于例如改善口腔干燥的唾液刺激剂。可使用任何口腔可接受的唾液刺激剂,包括但不限于食品酸诸如柠檬酸、乳酸、苹果酸、琥珀酸、抗坏血酸、己二酸、富马酸和酒石酸,以及它们的混合物。一种或多种唾液刺激剂任选地以有效刺激唾液的总量存在。
在一些实施方案中,口腔护理组合物包含营养素。合适的营养素包括维生素、矿物质、氨基酸及其混合物。维生素包括维生素C和D、硫胺、核黄素、泛酸钙、烟酸、叶酸、烟酰胺、吡哆醇、氰钴胺、对氨基苯甲酸、生物类黄酮,以及它们的混合物。营养补充剂包括氨基酸(如L-色氨酸、 L-赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、苏氨酸、左卡尼汀和L-肉毒碱)、亲脂物质(如胆碱、肌醇、甜菜碱和亚油酸)以及它们的混合物。
在一些实施方案中,口腔护理组合物包含至少一种粘度调节剂,其可用于例如帮助抑制成分的沉降或分离或者促进液体组合物在搅拌时的再分散性。可以使用任何口腔可接受的粘度调节剂,包括但不限于矿物油、凡士林、粘土和有机改性的粘土、二氧化硅等。一种或多种粘度调节剂任选地以按组合物的总重量计约0.01重量%至约10重量%(例如,约0.1重量%至约5重量%)的总量存在。
在一些实施方案中,口腔护理组合物包含抗敏剂,例如钾盐如硝酸钾、碳酸氢钾、氯化钾、柠檬酸钾和草酸钾;辣椒素;丁子香酚;锶盐;氯化物盐;以及它们的组合。根据所选试剂,可以按有效量添加此类试剂,例如,以所述组合物的总重量计约1重量%至约20重量%。
在一些实施方案中,口腔护理组合物包含抗氧化剂。可使用任何口腔可接受的抗氧化剂,包括丁基化羟基茴香醚(BHA)、丁基化羟基甲苯 (BHT)、维生素A、类胡萝卜素、辅酶Q10、PQQ、维生素A、维生素 C、维生素E、茴香脑-二硫代硫酮、类黄酮、多酚、抗坏血酸、草本抗氧化剂、叶绿素、褪黑激素,以及它们的混合物。
在一些实施方案中,口腔护理组合物包含选自以下的钙和磷酸盐源: (i)钙-玻璃复合物,例如磷硅酸钠钙,和(ii)钙-蛋白质复合物,例如酪蛋白磷酸肽-无定形磷酸钙。前述组合物中的任一种还包含可溶性钙盐,例如,选自硫酸钙、氯化钙、硝酸钙、乙酸钙、乳酸钙以及它们的组合。
在一些实施方案中,口腔护理组合物包含选自以下项的另外成分:苄醇、甲基异噻唑啉酮(“MIT”)、碳酸氢钠、甲基椰油酰基牛磺酸钠 (tauranol)、月桂醇和多磷酸盐。一些实施方案包含以0.1重量%至0.8重量%、或0.2重量%至0.7重量%、或0.3重量%至0.6重量%、或0.4重量%至0.5重量%、例如约0.1重量%、约0.2重量%、约0.3重量%、约0.4重量%、约0.5重量%、约0.6重量%、约0.7重量%或约0.8重量%存在的苄醇。
实施例
实施例1
粘蛋白5B是唾液中的分泌糖蛋白。其功能包括:结合病原体以防止感染,增强表膜形成和保留,以及在免疫功能中进行信号转导。粘蛋白5B有助于大量去除并保持病原体分散。
口腔粘膜蛋白sIgA的功能主要是免疫防御。它可以减少细菌粘附。通过结合外来抗原并防止粘附到粘膜进行免疫排斥使得可以通过吞咽/咳出来消除。SIgA以昼夜节律存在-早上水平最高,晚上水平最低。
进行实验以确定包含氟化物(0.454%SnF2)和磷酸锌(1.0%Zn3(PO4)2) 的实验牙膏对唾液中的sIgA和MUC5B水平、对颊上皮细胞表面和颊上皮细胞内容物的影响。临床研究是一项为期4周的临床研究;用对照牙膏进行2周清洗期,然后用实验牙膏进行2周。招募了16名人类受试者。在2 周的清洗期内,进行了2次基线样品收集:一次在第7天,一次在第14天。收集唾液和颊上皮细胞拭子。在2周的测试期内,进行了2次样品收集:一次在第21天,一次在第28天。收集唾液和颊上皮细胞拭子。
对照牙膏包含氟化物(0.76%Na2FPO4)。测试牙膏包含氟化物(0.454% SnF2)和磷酸锌(1.0%Zn3(PO4)2)。测试受试者每天用指定牙膏刷牙两次。
通过让受试者将唾液吐到收集管中来收集唾液。用组织刷(histobrush) 在每个颊部和下嘴唇上采集颊细胞拭子。
通过ELISA测定测试唾液样品的sIgA、MUC5B或总蛋白。通过 ELISA测定测试颊上皮细胞样品的表面MUC5B、表面总蛋白、胞内 MUC5B和胞内总蛋白。还通过流式细胞术评估颊上皮细胞表面sIgA。
使用人MUC5B ELISA试剂盒LS-F4869(LifeSpan BioSciences,Inc) 测定MUC 5B。使用Salimetrics唾液分泌型IgA(SIgA,分泌免疫球蛋白- A)酶免疫测定试剂盒(Salimetrics)测定sIgA。使用在山羊中产生的抗人 IgA-FITC=抗人IgA(链特异性)-FITC抗体(F5259-2ML,Sigma, 1001859391)。使用Micro BCA(Bicinconinic Acid)蛋白质测定ThermoFisher Scientific Cat#23235测定总蛋白。使用Attune NxT流式细胞仪(ThermoFisher Scientific)进行流式细胞仪分析。使用流式细胞术染色缓冲液(eBioscience,00-4222-26)。
表1列出了ELISA数据。图1-3示出了分别针对sIgA、MUC5B或总蛋白测试的唾液样品的ELISA测定的数据。图4-7示出了分别针对表面 MUC5B、表面总蛋白、胞内MUC5B和胞内总蛋白测试的颊上皮细胞样品的ELISA测定的数据。ELISA测定数据显示,在用实验牙膏处理后,唾液sIgA显著增加(图1)。ELISA测定的数据显示,在用实验牙膏处理后,唾液粘蛋白5B(图2)和表面粘蛋白5B(图4)均增加。唾液总蛋白(图 3)在用实验牙膏处理后也增加,而表面总蛋白(图5)在用实验牙膏处理后显著减少。在处理后,颊上皮细胞胞内粘蛋白5B(图6)和颊上皮细胞胞内总蛋白(图7)均减少。
表1:ELISA数据
图 | 基线1 | 基线2 | 第7天 | 第14天 | |
唾液sIgA | 1 | 180.519 | 147.995 | 160.373 | 256.314 |
唾液MUC5B | 2 | 0.689 | 0.862 | 2.0785 | 1.449 |
唾液总蛋白 | 3 | 634.109 | 658.836 | 741.280 | 701.621 |
颊上皮细胞:表面MUC5B | 4 | 0.720 | 0.741 | 0.818 | 0.825 |
颊上皮细胞:表面总蛋白 | 5 | 950.629 | 919.664 | 793.742 | 624.278 |
颊上皮细胞:胞内MUC5B | 6 | 9.548 | 8.636 | 7.916 | 7.721 |
颊上皮细胞:胞内总蛋白 | 7 | 3077.155 | 3573.189 | 2886.669 | 2804.026 |
流式细胞术的数据在图8和图9中示出。图8示出了颊上皮细胞表面 sIgA:门控%的流式细胞术数据。图9示出了颊上皮细胞表面sIgA:总%的流式细胞术数据。图8示出了表面sIgA在处理后14天显著增加。图9示出了表面sIgA在处理后7天显著增加并继续增加。
总之,实验牙膏显著增加了颊细胞表面上和唾液中的sIgA水平。sIgA 水平升高表明对口腔中的细菌的免疫防御更好。粘蛋白5B升高表明聚集更多细菌并且润滑更好。具有锌的SnF2允许从口腔去除更多细菌,并且在粘膜表面上具有更高免疫防御系统。
实施例4
包含精氨酸的口腔组合物在WO 2017/223292中公开,该文献以引用方式并入本文。在一些实施方案中,口腔护理组合物包含口腔可接受的载体、磷酸锌和氟化亚锡。在一些实施方案中,磷酸锌是磷酸锌的预形成盐。在一些实施方案中,磷酸锌以足以使得氟化亚锡解离以在水溶液中提供治疗有效量的亚锡离子的量存在。在一些实施方案中,相对于口腔护理组合物的重量,磷酸锌的量为0.05重量%至5重量%。在一些实施方案中,相对于口腔护理组合物的重量,氟化亚锡的量为0.05重量%至5重量%。在一些实施方案中,相对于口腔护理组合物的重量,水的量为约12重量%或更多。在一些实施方案中,口腔护理组合物还包含磨料和/或一种或多种湿润剂和/或一种或多种表面活性剂。在一些实施方案中,口腔护理组合物还包含有效量的一种或多种碱金属磷酸盐和/或美白剂。在一些实施方案中,口腔护理组合物除了包含磷酸锌外,还包含一种或多种锌离子源。在一些实施方案中,口腔护理组合物是洁齿剂、粉末、霜膏、条、胶或凝胶。在一些实施方案中,相对于口腔护理组合物的重量,口腔护理组合物包含:0.5 重量%至3重量%的磷酸锌;0.05重量%至11重量%的氟化亚锡;1重量%至8重量%的选自磷酸氢二钠、磷酸氢二钾、磷酸二钙二水合物、焦磷酸四钠、焦磷酸四钾、焦磷酸钙、三聚磷酸钠以及这些中的任何两者或更多者的混合物的碱金属磷酸盐;以及二氧化硅磨料。在一些实施方案中,口腔护理组合物具有小于7的pH。
实施例5
包含精氨酸的口腔组合物在WO 2017/223311中公开,该文献以引用方式并入本文。口腔护理组合物是实施例4中阐述的口腔护理组合物,其还包含有机酸缓冲体系。在一些实施方案中,相对于口腔护理组合物的重量,口腔护理组合物包含10重量%或更多的水的量。在一些实施方案中,有机缓冲体系包含羧酸及其一种或多种共轭碱盐,例如其碱金属盐。在一些实施方案中,酸选自柠檬酸、乳酸、苹果酸、马来酸、富马酸、乙酸、琥珀酸和酒石酸。在一些实施方案中,一种或多种共轭碱盐独立地选自钠盐和钾盐或它们的组合。在一些实施方案中,酸为柠檬酸,并且一种或多种共轭碱盐包括柠檬酸单钠(单碱)、柠檬酸二钠(二碱)、柠檬酸三钠(三碱)以及它们的组合。在一些实施方案中,口腔护理组合物包含按组合物的重量计量为0.1%至5.0%的有机酸缓冲体系,该量作为有机酸和任意共轭碱盐的组合量测量。在一些实施方案中,缓冲体系包含比率为1∶3至1∶6的柠檬酸和柠檬酸钠盐。
实施例6
如制剂表A-D所示制备包含磷酸锌和氟化亚锡的测试洁齿剂:
制剂表A
制剂表B
制剂表C
制剂表D
Claims (24)
1.磷酸锌、氟化亚锡和任选的有机酸缓冲体系在制备用于增加个体口腔中的sIgA和粘蛋白5B水平的口腔护理组合物中的用途,其中所述磷酸锌的量为0.05重量%至5重量%,并且其中所述氟化亚锡的量为0.05重量%至5重量%。
2.如权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述口腔护理组合物是牙膏。
3.如权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述磷酸锌是磷酸锌的预形成盐。
4.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的用途,其中所述磷酸锌以足以使所述氟化亚锡解离以在水溶液中提供治疗有效量的亚锡离子的量存在。
5.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的用途,其中相对于所述口腔护理组合物的重量,水的量为10重量%或更多。
6.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的用途,其中相对于所述口腔护理组合物的重量,水的量为12重量%或更多。
7.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的用途,其中所述有机酸缓冲体系包含羧酸及其一种或多种共轭碱盐。
8.如权利要求7所述的用途,其中所述有机酸缓冲体系包含羧酸及其碱金属盐。
9.如权利要求7所述的用途,其中所述有机酸选自柠檬酸、乳酸、苹果酸、马来酸、富马酸、乙酸、琥珀酸和酒石酸。
10.如权利要求7所述的用途,其中所述一种或多种共轭碱盐独立地选自钠盐和钾盐或它们的组合。
11.如权利要求7所述的用途,其中所述酸为柠檬酸,并且所述一种或多种共轭碱盐包括柠檬酸单钠、柠檬酸二钠、柠檬酸三钠以及它们的组合。
12.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的用途,其中所述口腔护理组合物包含按所述组合物的重量计量为0.1%至5.0%的所述有机酸缓冲体系,所述量作为有机酸和任意共轭碱盐的组合量测量。
13.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的用途,其中所述缓冲体系包含比率为1:3至1:6的柠檬酸和柠檬酸钠盐。
14.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的用途,其中所述口腔护理组合物还包含磨料。
15.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的用途,其中所述口腔护理组合物还包含一种或多种湿润剂。
16.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的用途,其中所述口腔护理组合物还包含一种或多种表面活性剂。
17.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的用途,其中所述口腔护理组合物还包含有效量的一种或多种碱金属磷酸盐。
18.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的用途,其中所述口腔护理组合物还包含美白剂。
19.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的用途,其中所述口腔护理组合物除了包含所述磷酸锌外,还包含一种或多种锌离子源。
20.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的用途,其中所述口腔护理组合物是粉末、霜膏、条或胶。
21.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的用途,其中所述口腔护理组合物是洁齿剂。
22.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的用途,其中所述口腔护理组合物是凝胶。
23.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的用途,其中相对于所述口腔护理组合物的重量,所述口腔护理组合物包含:
0.5重量%至3重量%的磷酸锌;
0.05重量%至11重量%的氟化亚锡;
1重量%至8重量%的选自磷酸氢二钠、磷酸氢二钾、磷酸二钙二水合物、焦磷酸四钠、焦磷酸四钾、焦磷酸钙、三聚磷酸钠以及这些中的任何两者或更多者的混合物的碱金属磷酸盐;以及
二氧化硅磨料。
24.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的用途,其中所述口腔护理组合物的pH小于7。
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PCT/US2019/066926 WO2020139633A1 (en) | 2018-12-26 | 2019-12-17 | Methods of inducing siga and mucin 5b in the oral cavity |
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MX2021007528A (es) | 2021-08-05 |
CN113271912A (zh) | 2021-08-17 |
BR112021011748A2 (pt) | 2021-08-31 |
EP3883528B1 (en) | 2023-09-27 |
ZA202103795B (en) | 2024-09-25 |
CA3123291A1 (en) | 2020-07-02 |
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US11395791B2 (en) | 2022-07-26 |
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