CN113270617B - Method for measuring hydrogen consumption of fuel cell vehicle by hydrogen-oxygen balance method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for measuring hydrogen consumption of a fuel cell vehicle by an oxyhydrogen balance method, which comprises the steps of measuring the volume fraction of hydrogen and/or oxygen in waste gas, measuring at least one of absolute humidity, mass flow, volume flow, temperature and pressure of the waste gas, and calculating the hydrogen consumption according to the measured data. The method for measuring the hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell automobile by the hydrogen-oxygen balance method does not need to modify the original system of the automobile, including pipelines, hydrogen storage tanks, valves and the like, does not need complicated preparation work, has measurement precision comparable to that of the mature carbon balance method at the present stage, is simple in equipment operation, does not need high-pressure containers, and reduces unnecessary expenditure. The method has obvious advantages in the aspects of simplification, cost, rationality and the like of the test.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fuel cell automobiles, and particularly relates to a method for measuring hydrogen consumption of a fuel cell automobile by using an oxyhydrogen balance method.
Background
As one of the important development directions of new energy vehicles in the future, in recent years, due to the great activity in china, major host plants are continuously pursuing the technological progress of fuel cell vehicles, wherein hydrogen consumption is the key technical index for evaluating the technical level of fuel cell vehicles. The traditional measurement method for measuring the hydrogen consumption comprises a gravimetric method, a temperature pressure method and a flow method, wherein external hydrogen supply is needed without using a vehicle-mounted hydrogen bottle, the measurement errors are all more than +/-1, and the structural function of a vehicle is required to be adjusted in the test process, so that the measurement difficulty and danger are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention is directed to provide a method for measuring hydrogen consumption of a fuel cell vehicle by using an oxyhydrogen balance method, so as to more accurately and conveniently react the hydrogen consumption quality before and after a test, improve the test efficiency of the hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell vehicle to a greater extent, and ensure the safety of operators and the stability of system operation without changing the original structure of the vehicle.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for measuring hydrogen consumption of a fuel cell vehicle by using a hydrogen-oxygen balance method comprises the following steps:
(1) measuring the volume fraction of hydrogen and/or oxygen in the exhaust gas;
(2) measuring at least one of absolute humidity, mass flow, volume flow, temperature and pressure of the exhaust gas;
(3) and (3) calculating the hydrogen consumption according to the data measured in the step (1) and the step (2).
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: the mass flow and absolute humidity of the air inlet were measured.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the intake oxygen mass is shown as formula 1,
wherein m is O2_in (dry) is intake oxygen mass, M N2 Relative molecular mass of nitrogen, M O2 Is the relative molecular mass of oxygen, alpha in Is the volume ratio of nitrogen to oxygen in the air, beta in Is the absolute humidity of the air intake air,
mass flow rate of air intake;
the calculation formula of the amount of intake oxygen species is shown in formula 2,
wherein ML is O2_in (dry) is the mass of intake oxygen;
the calculation formula of the mass of oxygen in the exhaust gas is shown in formula 3,
wherein m is O2_out (dry) is the mass of oxygen contained in the exhaust gas,
is the volume fraction of oxygen in the exhaust gas, beta out Is the absolute humidity of the gas and is,
is the mass flow of the exhaust gas;
the calculation formula of the amount of oxygen species in the exhaust gas is shown in formula 4,
wherein, ML O2_out (dry) is the amount of oxygen species contained in the exhaust gas;
the calculation formula of the oxygen consumption of the fuel cell vehicle is shown as formula 5,
ML O2_FC ＝ML O2_in -ML O2_out in the formula 5, the first step is,
wherein, ML O2_FC The oxygen consumption of the fuel cell vehicle;
the calculation formula of the hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell vehicle is shown as formula 6,
ML H2_FC ＝2×ML O2_FC in the formula (6), the compound is represented by the formula,
wherein, ML H2_FC The hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell automobile.
Preferably, step 2 further comprises measuring the quality of the water discharged from the fuel cell vehicle.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the volume of hydrogen in the off-gas is shown in formula 7,
wherein, V H2_out (dry) is the volume of hydrogen contained in the off-gas,
is the volume fraction of hydrogen in the off-gas,
is the volume flow of the exhaust gas;
the calculation formula of the mass of hydrogen in the exhaust gas is shown in equation 8,
Wherein m is H2_out (dry) is the mass of hydrogen contained in the exhaust gas, ρ H2 Density of hydrogen, P pressure of exhaust gas, P 0 Is a standard air pressure, T 0 Is the standard temperature and T is the exhaust gas temperature.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell vehicle is shown as formula 9,
wherein, ML H2_FC M is fuel cell vehicle hydrogen consumption H2O For fuel cell vehicle water quality, M H2O Relative molecular mass of water, M H2 Is the hydrogen relative molecular mass.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the intake oxygen volume of the fuel cell stack is shown in formula 10,
wherein, V O2_in (dry) is the fuel cell stack inlet oxygen volume, α in Is the volume ratio of nitrogen to oxygen in the air,
is the volume fraction of oxygen in the exhaust gas;
the calculation formula of the intake oxygen mass of the fuel cell stack is shown in formula 11,
wherein m is O2_in (dry) is the stack inlet oxygen mass, ρ O2 Is the concentration of oxygen;
the calculation formula of the amount of substance of the fuel cell stack intake oxygen is shown in equation 12,
wherein, ML O2_in (dry) is the amount of oxygen species entering the fuel cell stack, M O2 Is the relative molecular mass of oxygen;
the calculation formula of the oxygen volume in the exhaust gas is shown in formula 13,
wherein, V O2_out (dry) is the volume of oxygen contained in the exhaust gas, 
Is the volume fraction of hydrogen in the off-gas,
is the volume flow of the exhaust gas;
the calculation formula of the oxygen mass in the exhaust gas is shown in formula 14,
wherein m is O2_out (dry) is the mass of oxygen in the exhaust gas;
the calculation formula of the amount of oxygen species in the exhaust gas is shown in equation 15,
wherein, ML O2_out (dry) is the amount of species of oxygen in the exhaust gas;
the calculation formula of the hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell vehicle is shown as formula 16,
wherein, ML H2_FC For fuel cell vehicle hydrogen consumption, M H2 Is the hydrogen relative molecular mass.
Preferably, α is in ＝3.76。
Compared with the prior art, the method for measuring the hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell automobile by using the hydrogen-oxygen balance method has the following advantages:
(1) the method does not need to transform the original vehicle system, including the pipeline, the hydrogen storage tank, the valve and the like, does not need complicated preparation work, simplifies the testing process, and can be greatly convenient for operators to use.
(2) The measuring precision of the method can be compared favorably with the mature carbon balance method at the present stage.
(3) The method of the invention has the advantages of simple operation of the used equipment, no need of high-pressure containers, reduction of unnecessary expenses and obvious advantages in the aspects of simplification, cost, rationality and the like of the test.
Detailed Description
Unless defined otherwise, technical terms used in the following examples have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. The test reagents used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional biochemical reagents; the experimental methods are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
The invention provides an oxyhydrogen balance method based on the problems in the prior art, which measures the consumption of hydrogen of a fuel cell automobile by measuring the concentration of oxygen and hydrogen in tail gas and measuring the concentration of oxygen, the flow rate of exhaust gas, the concentration of hydrogen and the like. The method fully considers the technology for testing and measuring the hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell automobile, simultaneously greatly reduces the measurement difficulty in the actual test process, the test precision is directly related to the concentration of a sensor measured by a tail exhaust, and the improvement is very simple. The method can realize convenient and quick measurement of hydrogen consumption, ensures that good evaluation is carried out under the condition of not changing the original vehicle, provides important basis for economic evaluation of the fuel cell vehicle by utilizing the evaluation result of the method, and improves the accuracy of the hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell vehicle.
The requirements of examples 1 to 3 during the measurement are as follows:
requirement 1-vehicle Condition
The vehicle should use internal hydrogen supply during use, using an on-board fuel supply line.
Requirement 2-ambient temperature
The indoor test is carried out at room temperature of 20-30 ℃.
Claim 3-test methods and procedures
The light vehicle test load was loaded according to the relevant regulations of GB 18352.6-2016. The vehicle is started according to the program specified by the manufacturer, and the test is carried out according to the cycle condition specified by GB/T38146.1, and the speed deviation in the test process should meet the regulation of GB/T38146.1. In the test process, one of three hydrogen measurement methods provided in appendix A, appendix B and appendix C can be selected for measuring the hydrogen consumption;
the heavy vehicle test load is loaded according to the relevant regulations of GB/T27840-2011. The vehicle is started according to a program specified by a manufacturer, the test is carried out according to the running condition of the Chinese automobile specified by GB/T38146.2, and the speed deviation in the test process should meet the specification of GB/T38146.2.
Example 1
1. In the test, hydrogen is added to the hydrogen tank in the automobile to be used as a fuel supply source of the fuel cell automobile, so that the automobile is ensured to finish the test of the test working condition.
2. In the test, the reliability of the whole vehicle pipeline device is ensured, and the gas leakage and the release of the gas into the air which cause danger are avoided.
3. The test was carried out according to the following procedure:
a) testing was performed according to the procedure of claim 3;
b) measuring the mass flow and the absolute humidity of an air inlet in the detection process, wherein the air inlet absolute humidity is ensured to be constant in the test process; the absolute humidity, mass flow, and volume fraction of oxygen contained in the exhaust gas were measured.
4. Measurement of hydrogen consumption
a) Calculating the oxygen content of the intake air:
in the formula:
m O2_in (dry) — mass of oxygen intake during the test, unit: g.
M N2 relative molecular mass of nitrogen, 28 g/mol.
M O2 The relative molecular mass of oxygen, 32 g/mol.
α in -the volume ratio of nitrogen to oxygen in air, taken to be 3.76.
β in -absolute humidity of the air intake.
ML O2_in (dry) -mass of intake oxygen, unit: and (mol).
b) Calculation of oxygen content in exhaust gas:
in the formula:
m o2_out (dry) -mass of oxygen contained in the exhaust gas, unit: g.
β out -absolute humidity of the exhaust gases.
ML O2_out (dry) -the amount of oxygen species contained in the exhaust gas, in units: and (mol).
c) Calculation of hydrogen consumption:
ML O2_FC ＝ML O2_in -ML O2_out (A-5)
ML H2_FC ＝2×ML O2_FC (A-6)
in the formula:
ML O2_FC fuel cell vehicle oxygen consumption, unit: and (mol).
ML H2_FC Fuel cell vehicle hydrogen consumption, unit: and (mol).
Example 2
1. In the test, hydrogen is added to the hydrogen tank in the automobile to be used as a fuel supply source of the fuel cell automobile, so that the automobile is ensured to finish the test of the test working condition.
2. In the test, the reliability of the whole vehicle pipeline device is ensured, and the gas leakage and the release of the gas into the air which cause danger are avoided.
3. The test was carried out according to the following procedure:
a) testing was performed according to the procedure of claim 3;
b) during the test, the volume fraction of hydrogen in the exhaust gas, the volume flow rate of the exhaust gas, the temperature and the pressure were measured, and the water displacement of the fuel cell vehicle was measured throughout the test.
4. Measurement of hydrogen consumption
a) Calculation of hydrogen content in off-gas:
in the formula:
V H2_out (dry) — volume of hydrogen contained in the off-gas during the test, unit: l;
m H2_out (dry) -mass of off-gas containing hydrogen, unit: g;
ρ H2 density of hydrogen, unit: g/L;
p-pressure of exhaust gas, unit: MPa;
P 0 standard gas pressure, unit: MPa;
T 0 standard temperature, unit: k;
t-exhaust gas temperature, unit: K.
b) Calculation of hydrogen consumption:
in the formula:
m H2O -mass of fuel cell vehicle drained during test, unit: g;
M H2O -relative molecular mass of water, 18 g/mol;
M H2 -hydrogen relative molecular mass, 2 g/mol;
example 3
1. In the test, hydrogen is added to the hydrogen tank in the automobile to be used as a fuel supply source of the fuel cell automobile, so that the automobile is ensured to finish the test of the test working condition.
2. In the test, the reliability of the whole vehicle pipeline device is ensured, and the gas leakage and the release of the gas into the air which cause danger are avoided.
3. The test was carried out according to the following procedure:
a) testing according to the procedure specified in claim 3;
b) during the test, the volume fraction of hydrogen in the exhaust gas, the volume flow rate of the exhaust gas, the temperature and the pressure were measured, and the water displacement of the fuel cell vehicle was measured throughout the test.
4. Measurement of hydrogen consumption
a) Calculation of hydrogen content in off-gas:
in the formula:
V H2_out (dry) — volume of hydrogen contained in the off-gas during the test, unit: l;
m H2_out (dry) -mass of off-gas containing hydrogen, unit: g;
ρ H2 density of hydrogen, unit: g/L;
P-pressure of exhaust gas, unit: MPa;
P 0 standard gas pressure, unit: MPa;
T 0 standard temperature, unit: k;
t-exhaust gas temperature, unit: K.
b) calculating the intake oxygen amount of the fuel cell stack:
in the formula:
V O2_in (dry) -fuel cell stack oxygen inlet volume, unit: l;
m O2_in (dry) -stack oxygen inlet mass, in units: g;
ρ o2 -concentration of oxygen, unit: g/L.
c) Calculation of the amount of oxygen in the stack off-gas:
in the formula:
V O2_out (dry) — volume of hydrogen contained in the off-gas during the test, unit: l;
m O2_out (dry) -mass of off-gas containing hydrogen, unit: g;
ML O2_out (dry) -amount of oxygen-containing species in the exhaust gas, in units: and (mol).
d) Calculation of hydrogen consumption:
in the formula:
M H2 hydrogen relative molecular mass, 2 g/mol.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (4)
1. A method for measuring hydrogen consumption of a fuel cell vehicle by an oxyhydrogen balance method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Measuring the volume fraction of oxygen in the exhaust gas;
(2) measuring the absolute humidity and mass flow of the waste gas and the mass flow and absolute humidity of an air inlet;
(3) calculating the hydrogen consumption according to the data measured in the step (1) and the step (2),
the calculation formula of the intake oxygen mass is shown as formula 1,
wherein m is O2_in (dry) is intake oxygen mass, M N2 Relative molecular mass of nitrogen, M O2 Is the relative molecular mass of oxygen, alpha in Is the volume ratio of nitrogen to oxygen in the air, beta in Is the absolute humidity of the air intake,
mass flow of the air intake;
the calculation formula of the amount of intake oxygen species is shown in formula 2,
wherein, ML O2_in (dry) is the mass of intake oxygen;
the calculation formula of the mass of oxygen in the exhaust gas is shown in formula 3,
wherein m is O2_out (dry) is the mass of oxygen contained in the exhaust gas,
is the volume fraction of oxygen in the exhaust gas, beta out Is the absolute humidity of the exhaust gas,
is the mass flow of the exhaust gas;
the calculation formula of the amount of oxygen species in the exhaust gas is shown in formula 4,
wherein, ML O2_out (dry) is the amount of oxygen species contained in the exhaust gas;
the calculation formula of the oxygen consumption of the fuel cell vehicle is shown as formula 5,
ML O2_FC ＝ML O2_in (dry)-ML O2_out (dry) formula 5 is a general formula,
wherein, ML O2_FC For fuel cell steamVehicle oxygen consumption;
The calculation formula of the hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell vehicle is shown as formula 6,
ML H2_FC ＝2×ML O2_FC in the formula (6), the compound is represented by the formula,
wherein, ML H2_FC The hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell automobile.
2. A method for measuring hydrogen consumption of a fuel cell vehicle by an oxyhydrogen balance method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) measuring the volume fraction of hydrogen in the off-gas;
(2) measuring the volume flow, temperature and pressure of the waste gas, and measuring the drainage quality of the fuel cell automobile;
(3) calculating the hydrogen consumption according to the data measured in the step (1) and the step (2),
the calculation formula of the hydrogen volume in the exhaust gas is shown in equation 7,
wherein, V H2_out (dry) is the volume of hydrogen contained in the off-gas,
is the volume fraction of hydrogen in the off-gas,
is the volume flow of the exhaust gas;
the calculation formula of the mass of hydrogen in the exhaust gas is shown in equation 8,
wherein m is H2_out (dry) is the mass of hydrogen contained in the exhaust gas, ρ H2 Density of hydrogen, P pressure of exhaust gas, P 0 Is a standard air pressure, T 0 Is a standard temperature, T is an exhaust gas temperature,
the calculation formula of the hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell vehicle is shown as formula 9,
wherein, ML H2_FC M is fuel cell vehicle hydrogen consumption H2O For fuel cell vehicle water quality, M H2O Relative molecular mass of water, M H2 Is the hydrogen relative molecular mass.
3. A method for measuring hydrogen consumption of a fuel cell vehicle by an oxyhydrogen balance method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) measuring the volume fractions of hydrogen and oxygen in the exhaust gas;
(2) measuring the volume flow, temperature and pressure of the exhaust gas;
(3) calculating the hydrogen consumption according to the data measured in the step (1) and the step (2),
the calculation formula of the volume of hydrogen in the exhaust gas is shown in formula 7,
wherein, V H2_out (dry) is the volume of hydrogen contained in the off-gas,
is the volume fraction of hydrogen in the off-gas,
is the volume flow of the exhaust gas;
the calculation formula of the mass of hydrogen in the exhaust gas is shown in equation 8,
where ρ is H2 Density of hydrogen, P pressure of exhaust gas, P 0 Is a standard air pressure, T 0 Is the standard temperature, T is the exhaust gas temperature;
the calculation formula of the intake oxygen volume of the fuel cell stack is shown in formula 10,
wherein, V O2_in (dry) is the fuel cell stack inlet oxygen volume, α in Is the volume ratio of nitrogen to oxygen in the air,
is the volume fraction of oxygen in the exhaust gas;
the calculation formula of the intake oxygen mass of the fuel cell stack is shown in formula 11,
wherein m is O2_in (dry) is the stack inlet oxygen mass, ρ O2 Is the density of oxygen;
the calculation formula of the amount of substance of the fuel cell stack intake oxygen is shown in equation 12,
Wherein, ML O2_in (dry) is the amount of oxygen species entering the fuel cell stack, M O2 Is the relative molecular mass of oxygen;
the calculation formula of the oxygen volume in the exhaust gas is shown in formula 13,
wherein, V O2_out (dry) is the volume of oxygen contained in the exhaust gas;
the calculation formula of the oxygen mass in the exhaust gas is shown in formula 14,
wherein m is O2_out (dry) is the mass of oxygen in the exhaust gas;
the calculation formula of the amount of oxygen species in the exhaust gas is shown in equation 15,
wherein, ML O2_out (dry) is the amount of species of oxygen in the exhaust gas;
the calculation formula of the hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell vehicle is shown as formula 16,
wherein, ML H2_FC For fuel cell vehicle hydrogen consumption, M H2 Is the hydrogen relative molecular mass.
4. The method for measuring hydrogen consumption of a fuel cell vehicle by hydrogen-oxygen equilibrium method according to claim 1 or 3, wherein: alpha is alpha in ＝3.76。
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| CN112578284A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-03-30 | 苏州智测达新能源技术有限公司 | Hydrogen fuel cell test system |
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| CN113270617B (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2022-07-29 | 中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司 | Method for measuring hydrogen consumption of fuel cell vehicle by hydrogen-oxygen balance method |
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| KR20160142550A (en) * | 2015-06-03 | 2016-12-13 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Method for calculating hydrogen comsumption amount of fuel cell vehicle |
| CN107305956A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2017-10-31 | 现代自动车株式会社 | Hydrogen consumption measuring method for fuel cell system |
| CN107017421A (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2017-08-04 | 北京交通大学 | A kind of fuel of fuel cell car is monitored and EGR in real time |
| CN210400499U (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2020-04-24 | 天津中德应用技术大学 | Novel fuel cell automobile hydrogen consumption measuring device |
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