CN113270022A - Steel rail all-purpose rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method - Google Patents
Steel rail all-purpose rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113270022A CN113270022A CN202110564432.5A CN202110564432A CN113270022A CN 113270022 A CN113270022 A CN 113270022A CN 202110564432 A CN202110564432 A CN 202110564432A CN 113270022 A CN113270022 A CN 113270022A
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- G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/08—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling structural sections, i.e. work of special cross-section, e.g. angle steel
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of steel rail rolling experimental equipment, in particular to a steel rail all-purpose rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method for improving the performance and quality of finished steel rails, which comprises the following steps: a. calibrating a model roll gap; b. adjusting a roll gap; c. after the size of the roll gap is determined, recording is finished, and then the upper module, the lower module and the left module are opened; d. preparing a model material with corresponding volume and outline; e. placing the prepared model material into a roll gap rolling center line position, namely an extrusion chamber formed by the upper module, the lower module, the left module, the right module and the full-universal pressing plates on the two sides of the modules; f. and simultaneously adjusting the upper module, the lower module, the left module and the right module, namely adjusting the upper module, the lower module, the left module and the right module to the corresponding positions of the roll gaps of the steel rail rolling determined before, and observing and recording the flowing rule of the model material in the roll gaps when the model material is extruded by the modules. The invention is particularly suitable for the field of steel rail universal rolling pass design.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of steel rail rolling experimental equipment, in particular to a steel rail all-purpose rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method.
Background
The universal rolling method is widely used in modern rolling production of steel rails, and can effectively improve the surface quality, the symmetry of the section, the geometric dimensional precision of the section of the steel rail and reduce the rolling defects on the surface of the steel rail. A rail is rolled by a full universal method, a universal hole pattern of the rail comprises a pair of horizontal rollers and a pair of vertical rollers, the rolling mill mainly adopts the pair of horizontal rollers to process rail web, and the pair of vertical rollers to process rail head and rail bottom, as shown in figure 1. The expansion of the rail web in the process of rolling the steel rail in all-purpose mode is influenced by the elongation and expansion of the rail head and the rail bottom. The rail bottom is rolled between the vertical roller and the horizontal roller, the width of the rail bottom is not limited at all, and the inner side of the rail bottom drives the whole rail bottom to deform by the friction force of the horizontal roller. The expansion of the rail head portion is limited by the hole pattern.
The contact areas of the rail head, the rail bottom and the rail web and the roller are not completely equal in length in the fully universal rolling process of the steel rail, and the rail web is firstly contacted with the roller in the inlet stage of the roller generally, so that the longitudinal flow speeds of metals of the rail head, the rail bottom and the rail web are inconsistent in the initial stage of rolling. In the rolling process, the plastic flow direction of the metals of the rail head, the rail bottom and the rail web can flow transversely on the connecting part of the rail head and the rail web and the connecting part of the rail bottom and the rail web besides the longitudinal flow along the length direction. The transverse metal flow between the head and web and between the foot and web during the universal rolling of rails affects the width of the foot and head and the exit thickness of the web, and thus its longitudinal extension. If the longitudinal extension coefficients of the rail head, the rail bottom and the rail web are different greatly, the steel rail can be laterally bent when the steel rail is taken out of the universal rolling mill, so that the process of straightening the steel rail is increased, the residual stress of each part of the steel rail is increased, the use performance of the steel rail is influenced, and the subsequent rolling is seriously influenced. Therefore, the metal flow in the process of accurately controlling the rolling of the steel rail can not only ensure the smooth operation of the universal rolling process, but also ensure that the steel rail is within the normal lateral bending requirement, reduce the residual stress and ensure the good performance of the steel rail after rolling.
The steel rail rolling technology and the steel rail numerical theory research in China mainly focus on the aspects of steel rail structure performance research, metallographic structure research, steel rail rolling process experimental research, finite element simulation and the like. However, the research on the metal flow rule in the steel rail rolling process in the steel rail universal rolling process is less at present, and no intuitive model research method exists. The steel rail all-universal rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method can visually show the metal flow mechanism in the steel rail rolling process, the metal flow volume and the flow direction in the rolling process, and has important practical significance for optimizing hole pattern design and guiding production in the aspects of grasping the metal elongation and the metal flow volume, predicting the shape of a rolled steel rail and controlling the section size.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a steel rail all-purpose rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method which can establish an accurate metal flow volume prediction model so as to effectively guide the design of a pass and further improve the performance and the quality of a finished steel rail in actual production.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the steel rail all-purpose rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method comprises the following steps: a. calibrating a model roll gap: moving the upper module and the lower module in opposite directions to enable the roll edges of the upper module and the lower module to be close to each other and to be in a parallel state, then horizontally moving the left module to enable the roll edge of the left module to be in contact with the upper module and the lower module, so that a rolling center line is determined, and opening a roll gap after the rolling center line is determined; b. adjusting a roll gap: clamping the standard sample plate of the steel rail at the rolling center line position, moving the upper module, the lower module and the left module, and enabling the upper module, the lower module, the left module and the right module to be respectively contacted with the rail web, the rail bottom or the rail head corresponding to the standard sample plate of the steel rail, so as to determine the roll gap size of the steel rail in all-purpose rolling; c. after the size of the roll gap is determined, recording is finished, and then the upper module, the lower module and the left module are opened; d. calculating the volume and outline specification of the required model material according to the size of the standard sample plate, and preparing the model material with corresponding volume and outline according to the calculated volume of the required model material; e. placing the prepared model material into a roll gap rolling center line position, namely an extrusion chamber formed by the upper module, the lower module, the left module, the right module and the full-universal pressing plates on the two sides of the modules; f. and (4) finely adjusting the upper module, the lower module, the left module and the right module, and observing and recording the flowing rule of the model material when the model material is extruded by the modules.
Further, in the step d, the material of the model material is rubber.
Further, in the step d, the material of the model material is space sand.
Further, in the step b, the rail web of the standard template of the steel rail is horizontally arranged.
Further, in the step b, the rail bottom and the rail head of the standard template of the steel rail are vertically arranged.
Furthermore, the vertical moving range of the upper module is 0-100 mm.
Furthermore, the upper module inclines and deviates within a rotating range of minus 10 to 10 degrees around the center of the rolling shaft of the upper module, and the observation of the outline of the inner side of the rail bottom of the model material and the outline of the inner side of the rail head of the model material is realized by adjusting the inclination and deviation angle of the upper module.
Furthermore, the vertical moving range of the lower module is 0-100 mm.
Furthermore, the horizontal moving range of the lower module is 0-100 mm.
Further, the horizontal moving range of the left module and the right module is 0-50 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by the steel rail all-universal rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method, an accurate metal flow volume prediction model can be established, the metal flow rule of the steel rail in the universal rolling process can be visually analyzed, a reasonable rolling regulation is formulated, the influence of metal flow among the rail head, the rail bottom and the rail web on the size precision of the rolled section of the steel rail and the bending degree of the steel rail in the steel rail rolling process is reduced as much as possible, and the method has very important significance for further improving the performance and the quality of the finished steel rail in the guidance of hole pattern design and actual production. The invention is particularly suitable for the field of steel rail universal rolling pass design.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the corresponding structure of a fully universal rolled steel rail.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the fully universal press plate on both sides of the module of the present invention.
Labeled as: the device comprises an upper module 1, an upper horizontal roller 11, a rail head vertical roller 12, a lower horizontal roller 13, a rail bottom vertical roller 14, a right module 2, a lower module 3, a left module 4, a roller gap 5, a rail bottom 51, a rail waist 52, a rail head 53, a full-universal pressure plate 6 and an upper module inclined deviation angle a.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
The steel rail all-purpose rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method shown in figure 2 comprises the following steps: a. calibrating a model roll gap: moving the upper module 1 and the lower module 3 in opposite directions to enable the roll edges of the upper module 1 and the lower module 3 to be close to each other and to be in a parallel state, then horizontally moving the left module 4 to enable the roll edge of the left module 4 to be in contact with the upper module 1 and the lower module 3, so that a rolling central line is determined, and opening a roll gap 5 after the rolling central line is determined; b. adjusting a roll gap: clamping the standard sample plate of the steel rail at the rolling center line position, moving the upper module, the lower module and the left module, and enabling the upper module, the lower module, the left module and the right module to be respectively contacted with the rail web 52, the rail bottom 51 or the rail head 53 corresponding to the standard sample plate of the steel rail, so as to determine the roll gap size of the steel rail in the all-purpose rolling process; c. after the size of the roll gap is determined, recording is finished, and then the upper module, the lower module and the left module are opened; d. calculating the volume and outline specification of the required model material according to the size of the standard sample plate, and preparing the model material with corresponding volume and outline according to the calculated volume of the required model material; e. placing the prepared model material into a roll gap rolling center line position, namely an extrusion chamber formed by the upper module, the lower module, the left module, the right module and the universal press plates 6 at the two sides of the modules; f. and (4) finely adjusting the upper module, the lower module, the left module and the right module, and observing and recording the flowing rule of the model material when the model material is extruded by the modules.
As shown in fig. 1, the upper module 1 of the present invention functions as an upper horizontal roller 11 of the existing equipment, and the lower module 3 functions as a lower horizontal roller 13 of the existing equipment, so as to adjust the profile and size of the rail web 52. The right module 2 functions as the head stand roll 12 in the prior art to adjust the profile and shape of the head 53. The left module 4 functions as the foot stand rollers 14 in existing equipment to adjust the profile and shape of the foot 51. The two sides of the four modules are provided with universal press plates 6, so that an extrusion cavity is formed by the four modules, and the model material is arranged in the extrusion cavity and is always positioned in a limited space range when receiving pressure. For the convenience of observation, it is generally preferable that the all-purpose platen 6 is made of a transparent material.
The rail universal rolling pass has a complex structure, and the precise pass design is the most critical factor for ensuring the rolling precision. The existing design mode causes long pass design and development period, high cost and great limitation on rolling precision. At present, the hole pattern design is mainly designed by depending on experience, the correction is carried out by trial rolling, and the sizing is carried out after the trial rolling result meets the precision requirement. The method analyzes the metal flow rule and flow size in the rolling process by a reasonable method, and provides the key content of the deformation mechanism analysis in the universal rolling process of the steel rail for the design and optimization of the hole pattern. In the invention, by constructing the steel rail all-purpose rolling metal flow plane demonstration mode, the flow rule of the model material in the roll gap 5 can be clearly observed, so that the plastic flow direction of the rail head, the rail bottom and the rail web metal of the steel rail can be well obtained, the later pass design is greatly optimized, and meanwhile, the performance and the quality of the finished steel rail in actual production are also improved. In actual design, the material of the model material is preferably rubber or space sand, so that the model manufacturing cost is reduced while the observation accuracy is ensured. In combination with practical experience, preferably, in the step b, the rail web 52 of the standard template of the steel rail is horizontally arranged, and preferably, in the step b, the rail base 51 and the rail head 53 of the standard template of the steel rail are vertically arranged, so that the rolling condition is consistent with the actual rolling condition, and the accuracy of observation is ensured.
In actual operation, because steps of calibrating a rolling center line, adjusting a roll gap, installing a standard template, simulating rolling and the like are required, in order to adjust and achieve the convenience of extrusion in use, a certain adjusting range of a corresponding module needs to be ensured, and the vertical moving range of the upper module 1 is generally preferably 0-100 mm. In addition, the rotation range of the inclined deviation of the upper module 1 around the center of the roller of the upper module 1 is preferably-10-10 degrees, so that the upper module 1 has the linear and angle adjusting capability and stronger adaptability. The ability of the upper module 1 to tilt is also the guarantee of the profile of the inner side of the rail base 51 and the profile of the inner side of the rail head 53, namely, the upper module 1 is formed by tilting and deviating a certain angle around the center of the roller of the upper module 1. Based on the same concept, the vertical movement range of the lower module 3 is preferably 0-100mm, and the horizontal movement range of the lower module 3 is preferably 0-100mm, so that the lower module 3 has the adjustment capability in the vertical and horizontal directions. Similarly, the horizontal movement range of the left module 4 and the right module 2 is preferably 0-50mm, so that the left module 4 and the right module 2 have horizontal adjustment capability.
Example this example uses a 60kg/m rail as an example, and uses rubber as the material of this example, to simulate the metal flow process of the 60kg/m rail in the full-universal rolling process.
Step a, calibrating a model roll gap: and (3) moving the upper module 1 and the lower module 3 in opposite directions, wherein the downward stroke of the upper module 1 moves by 10mm, and the upward stroke of the lower module 3 moves by 10mm, so that the roller edges of the upper module 1 and the lower module 3 are close to each other and are in a parallel state after being contacted with each other, and the roller edges are not inclined and are kept still. The left block 4 is then moved so that the roll edge of the left block 4 contacts the upper block 1 and the lower block 3, thereby determining the rolling center line and ensuring no tilting of the blocks. After the rolling center line is determined, the roll gap is slowly opened to the maximum, namely the upward stroke of the upper module moves by 20mm, the downward stroke of the lower module moves by 20mm, and the left stroke of the left module moves by 20 mm. Step b, adjusting a roll gap: adjusting the roll gap of the full-universal metal flow plane demonstration model: and (3) clamping the standard sample plate of the 60kg/m steel rail at the rolling center line position, moving the upper and lower left modules, and enabling the upper, lower, left and right modules to be respectively contacted with the rail web, the rail head and the rail bottom of the corresponding standard sample plate of the 60kg/m steel rail, so as to determine the roll gap size of the 60kg/m steel rail in the all-purpose rolling process.
And c, after the size of the roll gap is determined, recording is finished, and the upper module, the lower module, the upper module, the lower module and the left module are opened to the maximum stroke position, namely the roll gap is opened to the maximum.
And d, calculating the volume and the outline specification of the required model material according to the size of the standard sample plate of the 60kg/m steel rail, and preparing the model material with the corresponding volume and outline according to the calculated volume of the required model material.
And e, putting the prepared model material into a roll gap rolling center line position, namely an extrusion cavity formed by the upper module, the lower module, the left module, the right module and the all-universal pressing plates 6 on the two sides of the modules.
And f, simultaneously adjusting the upper module, the lower module, the left module and the right module to be in contact with the model material, and observing and recording the flowing rule of the model material in the roll gap 5 when the model material is extruded by the modules.
And h, respectively and finely adjusting the upper module 1, the lower module 3 and the left module 4 according to the shape and the size of the section profile of the 60kg/m steel rail, and inclining the upper module 1 by 2 degrees to the right around the axis center of the upper module, and then observing and recording the flowing rule of the rubber material in each step of adjustment process.
The invention can establish an accurate metal flow volume prediction model, visually analyze the metal flow rule of the steel rail in the universal rolling process, formulate a reasonable rolling regulation, and reduce the influence of the metal flow among the rail head, the rail bottom and the rail web on the size precision of the rolled section of the steel rail and the bending degree of the steel rail in the rolling process of the steel rail as much as possible, and has very obvious technical advantages and very wide market popularization prospect.
Claims (10)
1. The steel rail all-purpose rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a. calibrating a model roll gap: moving the upper module (1) and the lower module (3) in opposite directions to enable the roll edges of the upper module (1) and the lower module (3) to be close to each other and to be in a parallel state, then horizontally moving the left module (4) to enable the roll edge of the left module (4) to be in contact with the upper module (1) and the lower module (3), so that a rolling central line is determined, and opening a roll gap (5) after the rolling central line is determined;
b. adjusting a roll gap: clamping the standard sample plate of the steel rail at the rolling center line position, moving the upper module, the lower module and the left module, and enabling the upper module, the lower module, the left module and the right module to be respectively contacted with a rail web (52), a rail bottom (51) or a rail head (53) corresponding to the standard sample plate of the steel rail, so as to determine the roll gap size of the steel rail in the all-purpose rolling;
c. after the size of the roll gap is determined, recording is finished, and then the upper module, the lower module and the left module are opened;
d. calculating the volume and outline specification of the required model material according to the size of the standard sample plate, and preparing the model material with corresponding volume and outline according to the calculated volume of the required model material;
e. placing the prepared model material into a roll gap rolling center line position, namely an extrusion chamber formed by the upper module, the lower module, the left module, the right module and the full-universal pressing plates (6) on the two sides of the modules;
f. and (4) finely adjusting the upper module, the lower module, the left module and the right module, and observing and recording the flowing rule of the model material when the model material is extruded by the modules.
2. The steel rail all-purpose rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step d, the material of the model material is rubber.
3. The steel rail all-purpose rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step d, the material of the model material is space sand.
4. A steel rail universal rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: in the step b, the rail web (52) of the standard sample plate of the steel rail is horizontally arranged.
5. A steel rail universal rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: in the step b, the rail bottom (51) and the rail head (53) of the standard template of the steel rail are vertically arranged.
6. A steel rail universal rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: the vertical moving range of the upper module (1) is 0-100 mm.
7. A steel rail universal rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: the rotation range of the upper module (1) inclining and deviating around the center of the rolling shaft of the upper module (1) is-10-10 degrees, and the observation of the outline of the inner side of the rail bottom of the model material and the outline of the inner side of the rail head of the model material is realized by adjusting the inclining and deviating angle of the upper module (1).
8. A steel rail universal rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: the vertical moving range of the lower module (3) is 0-100 mm.
9. A steel rail universal rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: the moving range of the lower module (3) in the horizontal direction is 0-100 mm.
10. A steel rail universal rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: the moving range of the left module (4) and the right module (2) in the horizontal direction is 0-50 mm.
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Cited By (1)
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Cited By (2)
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| CN113953333A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2022-01-21 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢钒有限公司 | Method for determining roll gap value in section bar universal method rolling procedure |
| CN113953333B (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2023-11-21 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢钒有限公司 | Method for determining roll gap value in universal rolling procedure of profile |
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