CN113269883B - BIM three-dimensional geological modeling method based on two-dimensional profile and CATIA - Google Patents
BIM three-dimensional geological modeling method based on two-dimensional profile and CATIA Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a BIM three-dimensional geological modeling method based on a two-dimensional profile and CATIA (computer-aided three-dimensional Interactive application), which comprises the following steps: downloading a ground surface elevation image map of the geologic body; converting a ground surface elevation image map; processing geophysical prospecting information of the section of the geologic body; CATIA three-dimensional geological modeling; 3DMAX mapping. The invention has the following advantages: the three-dimensional geologic body is established only by utilizing the two-dimensional cad profile and the tunnel position without drilling data, and is applied to the geological field by utilizing the characteristics of high fineness and strong compatibility of industrial software, so that a geological model is more refined, and the characteristics of strong visualization of animation software are utilized, so that the three-dimensional geologic body is more visual, and a new thought is provided for the construction of a tunnel BIM system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geological modeling, and particularly relates to a BIM three-dimensional geological modeling method based on a two-dimensional profile and CATIA.
Background
In recent years, the BIM technology is continuously developed and matured, a three-dimensional building model is continuously developed and perfected in engineering construction, along with the development of a front-end technology and industrial modeling software, human beings have higher requirements on the three-dimensional model in the engineering construction, and the visualization degree of the engineering model is also continuously improved.
At present, most of three-dimensional models in the tunnel BIM technology only contain tunnel structure models, the displayed contents are few, and in addition, the visualization degree of the current three-dimensional geological models is relatively low. The traditional geological modeling software can only build a model through drilling interpolation, the modeling efficiency is low, the refinement degree is relatively low, and the output model format cannot be compatible with a procession or threejs three-dimensional engine.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a BIM three-dimensional geological modeling method based on a two-dimensional profile and CATIA (computer-aided three-dimensional Interactive application), which can effectively solve the problems.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a BIM three-dimensional geological modeling method based on a two-dimensional profile and CATIA (computer-aided three-dimensional Interactive application), which comprises the following steps:
step 1, downloading a surface elevation image map of a geologic body;
importing the kml file of the geographic spatial position data of the left and right sections of the geological body into a LocaSpaceViewer, selecting a geological body area, and downloading a ground surface elevation image map of the selected geological body area;
step 2, converting the ground surface elevation image map:
importing the ground surface elevation image map into a Globalmapper for projection conversion, and exporting a required ground surface elevation data file in an xyz format;
step 3, processing geophysical prospecting information of the section of the geologic body:
acquiring a two-dimensional geological profile along the left and right sections of the geologic body; the two-dimensional geological profile comprises section information and geophysical prospecting information;
introducing a two-dimensional geological profile along the left and right sections of the geologic body into a CAD; the section information and the geophysical prospecting information are separated by adopting CAD, and a section diagram of the left and right sections of the geologic body and a geophysical prospecting low-resistance area diagram of the left and right sections of the geologic body are respectively derived; the section diagram and the geophysical prospecting low resistivity area diagram are files in a dxf format; the two cross-sectional views are respectively corresponding to the left cross section and the right cross section of the geologic body; the geophysical prospecting low-resistance area graphs are two and respectively correspond to the left section and the right section of the geologic body;
step 4, CATIA three-dimensional geological modeling:
importing the elevation data file in the step 2, the section diagram in the step 3 and the geophysical prospecting low resistance area diagram into a CATIA, and establishing a three-dimensional entity of the geologic body by utilizing the CATIA;
step 5,3DMAX charting:
and (4) respectively exporting the geological body three-dimensional entity obtained in the step (4) according to different lithologies, then importing the geological body three-dimensional entity into 3DMAX one by one, selecting a proper lithology picture to carry out mapping processing on the geological body three-dimensional entity, finally exporting the model subjected to mapping processing into an obj format, and exporting an mtl material file.
Preferably, step 4 specifically comprises:
step 4.1, importing the ground surface elevation data file obtained in the step 2 into a reverse engineering surface module of CATIA to generate point cloud, and then transferring the point cloud into a rapid surface module to generate a surface curved surface of the geologic body;
step 4.2, extracting a kml file of the tunnel axis position, converting the kml file of the tunnel axis position into a cad file and importing the cad file into a creative appearance design module of the CATIA, positioning the cad file to a tunnel entrance position according to the ground surface elevation data file in proportion, and placing tunnel wiring at the tunnel entrance position so as to obtain a ground surface model, tunnel burial depth and trend according to real reduction in proportion;
4.3, sealing the surface model, and cutting the surface model according to the tunnel wiring, so as to form a geologic body left section entity and a geologic body right section entity;
mapping the section diagram corresponding to the geologic body left section obtained in the step 3 and the geophysical prospecting low resistance area diagram to a geologic body left section entity to obtain a geologic body left section model diagram; respectively extracting different lithology diagrams, low resistance region diagrams and fault diagrams from the geologic body left section model diagram;
mapping the section diagram corresponding to the right section of the geologic body obtained in the step (3) and the geophysical prospecting low-resistance area diagram to a geologic body right section entity to obtain a geologic body right section model diagram; respectively extracting different lithologic maps, low-resistance region maps and fault maps from the geologic body right section model map;
and 4.4, jointly splicing the model diagram of the left section of the geologic body, the model diagram of the right section of the geologic body obtained in the step 4.3 and the surface curved surface of the geologic body obtained in the step 4.1 to form a three-dimensional entity of the geologic body.
The BIM three-dimensional geological modeling method based on the two-dimensional profile and the CATIA provided by the invention has the following advantages:
the three-dimensional geologic body is established only by utilizing the two-dimensional cad profile and the tunnel position without drilling data, and is applied to the geological field by utilizing the characteristics of high fineness and strong compatibility of industrial software, so that a geologic model is more refined, and the characteristics of strong visualization of animation software are utilized, so that the three-dimensional geologic body is more visual, and a new thought is provided for the construction of a tunnel BIM system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a BIM three-dimensional geological modeling method based on a two-dimensional profile and CATIA provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a geophysical prospecting and bedding layer provided in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a downloaded terrain scope provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of CATIA modeling provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional geological model provided by the present invention;
fig. 6 is a diagram of the post-processing of 3DMAX provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In order to solve the problems in the field of geological modeling, the invention aims to provide a three-dimensional geological modeling method based on a two-dimensional geological profile and CATIA (computer-aided three-dimensional Interactive application) along a left-right width line of a tunnel. The raw material used by the method comprises: the geological exploration geological data comprises a left two-dimensional section and a right two-dimensional section of a geological body, and left geophysical exploration data and right geophysical exploration data, wherein the section information comprises lithology, a fault and an aquifer, and the geophysical exploration information and the section information are in a cad graph; and the ground surface positions of the left and right sections, namely the kml file, are also included. The method comprises the steps of firstly downloading elevation and satellite pictures, then establishing a three-dimensional part entity by utilizing CATIA (computer-graphics aided three-dimensional Interactive application), then adopting 3DMAX (three-dimensional moving object), carrying out model mapping and exporting, and finally positioning and displaying a model by using a threejs engine.
The modeling method utilizes a two-dimensional cad lithologic profile diagram and a geophysical prospecting diagram, and establishes a three-dimensional geologic body based on industrial design software CATIA. Meanwhile, earth surface elevation and image data are processed by utilizing Globalmapper and LocaSpaceViewer software, model mapping and output are carried out by utilizing 3DMAX, and seamless loading is carried out by utilizing threjs finally. The invention has the advantages that: the three-dimensional geologic body is established only by utilizing the two-dimensional cad profile and the tunnel position without drilling data, and is applied to the geological field by utilizing the characteristics of high fineness and strong compatibility of industrial software, so that a geological model is more refined, and the characteristics of strong visualization of animation software are utilized, so that the three-dimensional geologic body is more visual, and a new thought is provided for the construction of a tunnel BIM system.
The BIM three-dimensional geological modeling method based on the two-dimensional profile and the CATIA, as shown in figure 1, comprises the following steps:
step 1, downloading a surface elevation image map of a geologic body;
importing the kml file of the geographic spatial position data of the left and right sections of the geological body into a LocaSpaceViewer, selecting a geological body area, and downloading a ground surface elevation image map of the selected geological body area;
step 2, converting the ground surface elevation image map:
importing the ground surface elevation image map into a Globalmapper for projection conversion, and exporting a required ground surface elevation data file in an xyz format;
step 3, processing geological section geophysical prospecting information:
acquiring a two-dimensional geological profile along the left and right sections of the geologic body; the two-dimensional geological profile comprises section information and geophysical information at the same time;
introducing the two-dimensional geological profile along the left and right sections of the geologic body into a CAD; the section information and the geophysical prospecting information are separated by adopting CAD, and a section diagram of the left and right sections of the geologic body and a geophysical prospecting low-resistance area diagram of the left and right sections of the geologic body are respectively derived; the section diagram and the geophysical prospecting low-resistance region diagram are dxf format files; the two cross-sectional views are respectively corresponding to the left cross section and the right cross section of the geologic body; the geophysical prospecting low-resistance area maps are two and respectively correspond to the left section of the geologic body and the right section of the geologic body;
step 4, CATIA three-dimensional geological modeling:
importing the elevation data file in the step 2, the section diagram in the step 3 and the geophysical prospecting low resistance area diagram into a CATIA, and establishing a three-dimensional entity of the geologic body by utilizing the CATIA;
the step 4 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 4.1, importing the surface elevation data file obtained in the step 2 into a reverse engineering curved surface module of the CATIA to generate a point cloud, and then transferring the point cloud into a rapid curved surface module to generate a surface curved surface of the geologic body;
step 4.2, extracting a kml file of the tunnel axis position, converting the kml file of the tunnel axis position into a cad file, importing the cad file into a creative appearance design module of the CATIA, positioning the kd file to a tunnel inlet position according to a ground elevation data file in proportion, and placing tunnel wiring at the tunnel inlet position, so that a ground model, tunnel burial depth and trend are obtained through true reduction in proportion;
4.3, sealing the surface model, and cutting the surface model according to the tunnel wiring, so as to form a geologic body left section entity and a geologic body right section entity;
mapping the section diagram corresponding to the geologic body left section obtained in the step 3 and the geophysical prospecting low resistance area diagram to a geologic body left section entity to obtain a geologic body left section model diagram; respectively extracting different lithologic graphs, low resistivity region graphs and fault graphs from the model graph of the left section of the geologic body;
mapping the section diagram corresponding to the right section of the geologic body obtained in the step (3) and the geophysical prospecting low-resistance area diagram to a geologic body right section entity to obtain a geologic body right section model diagram; respectively extracting different lithologic maps, low-resistance region maps and fault maps from the geologic body right section model map;
and 4.4, jointly splicing the model diagram of the left section of the geologic body, the model diagram of the right section of the geologic body obtained in the step 4.3 and the surface curved surface of the geologic body obtained in the step 4.1 to form a three-dimensional entity of the geologic body.
Step 5,3DMAX mapping:
and (4) respectively exporting the geological body three-dimensional entity obtained in the step (4) according to different lithologies, then importing the geological body three-dimensional entity into 3DMAX one by one, selecting a proper lithology picture to carry out mapping processing on the geological body three-dimensional entity, finally exporting the model subjected to mapping processing into an obj format, and exporting an mtl material file.
3DMAX:3D Studio Max is three-dimensional animation rendering and making software based on a PC system.
The following examples are presented:
the first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, the three-dimensional geological modeling method is specifically introduced by expanding a technical route and taking a large-hill tunnel project as a project background for a geological body.
The method comprises the following steps: downloading a ground surface elevation image map:
as shown in fig. 3, importing the kml file of the tunnel position into the LocaSpaceViewer, selecting a square area as a tunnel area along a tunnel route by taking a tunnel entrance as a starting point, and downloading a ground surface elevation image map of the selected tunnel area; wherein, the surface elevation image map is a tif map.
Wherein: the kml file refers to: the Keyhole Markup Language is an XML-based Markup Language, and describes geospatial data by using an XML syntax format, wherein the XML syntax format comprises points, lines, surfaces, polygons, models and the like.
LocaSpaceViewer: the method is a three-dimensional digital earth product, and the LocaSpace Viewer provides online map browsing, map data downloading, high-definition satellite maps, high-resolution satellite images, map labeling, measurement, oblique photography three-dimensional model browsing and the like.
tif diagram: tif is an extension of a TIFF File, and a Tag Image File Format (abbreviated as TIFF) is a flexible bitmap Format.
Step two: conversion of the ground elevation image map:
importing the downloaded ground surface elevation image map, namely tif files, into a Globalmapper, selecting UTM projection (namely converting longitude and latitude into xyz coordinates) by taking wgs as a reference, finally outputting the projection converted files into an xyz format, and finally converting the xyz files into excel table files in a csv format so as to import the files into a CATIA.
Wherein:
globalmapper: the method is a map drawing tool and comprises the steps of creating an elevation grid from 3D vectors and laser radar data, and calculating contents of overlapped grids, terrains, views, shed layers and the like.
CATIA: is three-dimensional modeling software.
Step three: cross-section geophysical prospecting information processing
Acquiring a two-dimensional geological profile along the left and right sections of the tunnel; the two-dimensional geological profile comprises section information and geophysical information at the same time;
introducing the two-dimensional geological profile along the left and right sections of the tunnel into a CAD; the section information and the geophysical prospecting information are separated by adopting CAD, and a section diagram of a tunnel left and right section and a geophysical prospecting low resistance area diagram of the tunnel left and right section are respectively derived;
the specific method comprises the following steps: as shown in fig. 2, in CAD, a dark blue region in geophysical prospecting information is a low-resistance region, joint development is severe, and a CAD curve of the low-resistance region is extracted and derived to obtain a geophysical prospecting low-resistance region map. The second diagram is a cross-sectional diagram, including faults and lithology.
And finally, introducing the two cad drawings into the CATIA together, thereby constructing a three-dimensional geological profile according to the cad drawings.
Step four: CATIA three-dimensional geological modeling
And (4) importing the geophysical prospecting low resistivity area diagram and the section diagram which are exported in the third step and the elevation data file in the csv format which is exported in the second step into the CATIA together, and accordingly constructing a three-dimensional geological model according to the cad drawing.
The specific method comprises the following steps:
and (5) converting the elevation data file in the second step into point cloud by using a reverse engineering curved surface module of the CATIA, and generating a surface curved surface of the geologic body.
And then transferring the section diagram and the geophysical prospecting low-resistance area diagram into a creative appearance design module, and converting the two-dimensional cad diagram (namely the section diagram and the geophysical prospecting low-resistance area diagram) into a three-dimensional geological profile in the module.
The CATIA modeling process comprises the following steps:
and as shown in fig. 4, importing the earth surface elevation image data in the csv format obtained in the second step into a reverse engineering surface module to generate a point cloud, and then transferring the point cloud into a rapid surface module to generate a surface curved surface of the geologic body.
Extracting a kml file of the tunnel axis, converting the kml file into a cad file, importing the cad file into a CATIA (computer-graphics aided three-dimensional interactive application) generative appearance design module, finding a tunnel inlet position according to a ground surface elevation image map according to a proportion, placing tunnel wiring at the position, and accordingly obtaining a ground surface model and tunnel buried depth and trend according to real reduction of the proportion.
Furthermore, the earth surface model is closed and cut according to the tunnel routing, so that two geologic bodies with the left and right section as the boundary are formed. Taking the right frame as an example, the cad graph is mapped to the right section, and different lithologies, low resistivity regions and faults are respectively extracted. As shown in fig. 2, the low resistivity region, the fault, the glutenite and the sandstone are arranged from top to bottom in sequence. Since the probed region is k13+000-k14+400, the undetected region is treated with the same lithology.
The three-dimensional section of the surface curved surface of the geologic body, the three-dimensional section of the left section of the geologic body and the three-dimensional section of the right section of the geologic body form a three-dimensional entity of the geologic body, and the final effect of CATIA geologic modeling is shown in FIG. 5.
Step five: 3DMAX mapping
After the CATIA establishes the model, the model is respectively exported from the file in the stp format according to different lithologies, the files are imported into the 3DMAX one by one, and suitable lithology pictures are selected to carry out mapping processing on the model. And selecting a uvw map for expansion in the map pasting process, adjusting the angle of the satellite map, finally exporting the model into an obj format, and exporting the mtl material file.
Example two:
the method comprises the following steps: downloading earth surface elevation and satellite picture
And importing the kml files of the left and right tunnel frames into the LocaSpaceViewer, and downloading the earth surface elevation and the satellite image data in the selected area.
Step two: high-level data processing of images
And importing the elevation data into a Globalmapper, and exporting the required xyz elevation data after projection conversion.
Step three: cross-section geophysical prospecting information processing
And separating the geophysical prospecting information from the section information in the CAD, and generating a section diagram and a geophysical prospecting low-resistance area diagram respectively to generate two dxf files which correspond to the left frame and the right frame respectively.
Step four: CATIA three-dimensional geological modeling
And importing the exported dxf file into the CATIA, modeling a geological profile and a ground surface in a generative appearance design module, simultaneously establishing a tunnel model, and finally respectively exporting the lithology and the tunnel model.
The earth surface and tunnel modeling in the CATIA three-dimensional geological modeling in the fourth step is specifically as follows: and importing the csv data into a reverse engineering curved surface module to generate point cloud, and then transferring the point cloud into a rapid curved surface module to generate an earth surface curved surface. Extracting a kml file of the tunnel axis, converting the kml file into a cad file, guiding the cad file into a cata creation type appearance design module, finding the entrance position of the tunnel according to the ground image map according to the proportion, and placing the tunnel routing at the entrance position, thereby truly restoring the buried depth and the trend of the ground model and the tunnel according to the proportion.
And closing the earth surface model, and cutting the earth surface model according to the tunnel routing, thereby forming two geologic bodies taking the left and right section as the boundary. Taking the right frame as an example, the cad graph is mapped to the right section, and different lithologies, low resistivity regions and faults are respectively extracted.
The BIM three-dimensional geological modeling method based on the two-dimensional profile and the CATIA provided by the invention has the following advantages:
1) The three-dimensional geologic body is established based on the two-dimensional profile information, which is different from common geological three-dimensional modeling software and can be used for geological modeling without using drilling data.
2) Based on the characteristics of the CATIA (computer aided three-dimensional interactive application) fine modeling of industrial modeling software, a fine three-dimensional geological model can be established.
3) Software in various fields is fused, and the advantages of the respective software are utilized to establish the three-dimensional geologic body with higher visualization degree and stronger specialty.
4) The geologic body is combined with the tunnel, so that the geologic body encountered along the tunnel is visually reflected, and the blank in the BIM construction process of the tunnel is filled.
According to the BIM three-dimensional geological modeling method based on the two-dimensional profile and the CATIA, the CATIA is used as a core and various geographic information software are combined according to the routing of the tunnel and the geophysical prospecting information of the left and right frames, so that a three-dimensional geological model with high visualization degree is constructed, and the geophysical prospecting information is specifically embodied through three-dimensional visualization. A three-dimensional geological model with higher refinement degree is constructed by utilizing the advantages of the CATIA refinement modeling, and a new thought is provided for the tunnel BIM construction by utilizing the characteristics of visibility, refinement and compatibility, so that the change of geological bodies in the tunneling process can be visually known, and a new thought is provided for the three-dimensional geological modeling.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such modifications and improvements should also be considered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A BIM three-dimensional geological modeling method based on a two-dimensional profile and CATIA is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, downloading a surface elevation image map of a geologic body;
importing the kml file of the geographic spatial position data of the left and right sections of the geological body into a LocaSpaceViewer, selecting a geological body area, and downloading a ground surface elevation image map of the selected geological body area;
step 2, converting the ground surface elevation image map:
importing the ground surface elevation image map into a Globalmapper for projection conversion, and exporting a required ground surface elevation data file in an xyz format;
step 3, processing geophysical prospecting information of the section of the geologic body:
acquiring a two-dimensional geological profile along the left and right sections of the geologic body; the two-dimensional geological profile comprises section information and geophysical prospecting information;
introducing a two-dimensional geological profile along the left and right sections of the geologic body into a CAD; the section information and the geophysical prospecting information are separated by adopting CAD, and a section diagram of the left and right sections of the geologic body and a geophysical prospecting low resistance area diagram of the left and right sections of the geologic body are respectively derived; the section diagram and the geophysical prospecting low-resistance region diagram are dxf format files; the two cross-sectional views are respectively corresponding to the left cross section and the right cross section of the geologic body; the geophysical prospecting low-resistance area graphs are two and respectively correspond to the left section and the right section of the geologic body;
step 4, CATIA three-dimensional geological modeling:
importing the elevation data file in the step 2, the section diagram in the step 3 and the geophysical prospecting low resistance area diagram into a CATIA, and establishing a three-dimensional entity of the geologic body by utilizing the CATIA;
step 5,3DMAX mapping:
respectively exporting the geological body three-dimensional entity obtained in the step 4 according to different lithologies, then importing the geological body three-dimensional entity into 3DMAX one by one, selecting lithology pictures to carry out mapping processing on the geological body three-dimensional entity, finally exporting the model subjected to mapping processing into an obj format, and exporting an mtl material file;
the step 4 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 4.1, importing the ground surface elevation data file obtained in the step 2 into a reverse engineering surface module of CATIA to generate point cloud, and then transferring the point cloud into a rapid surface module to generate a surface curved surface of the geologic body;
step 4.2, extracting a kml file of the tunnel axis position, converting the kml file of the tunnel axis position into a cad file and importing the cad file into a creative appearance design module of the CATIA, positioning the cad file to a tunnel entrance position according to the ground surface elevation data file in proportion, and placing tunnel wiring at the tunnel entrance position so as to obtain a ground surface model, tunnel burial depth and trend according to real reduction in proportion;
4.3, sealing the surface model, and cutting the surface model according to the tunnel wiring, so as to form a geologic body left section entity and a geologic body right section entity;
mapping the section diagram corresponding to the geologic body left section obtained in the step 3 and the geophysical prospecting low resistance area diagram to a geologic body left section entity to obtain a geologic body left section model diagram; respectively extracting different lithology diagrams, low resistance region diagrams and fault diagrams from the geologic body left section model diagram;
mapping the section diagram corresponding to the right section of the geologic body obtained in the step (3) and the geophysical prospecting low-resistance area diagram to a geologic body right section entity to obtain a geologic body right section model diagram; respectively extracting different lithologic maps, low-resistance region maps and fault maps from the geologic body right section model map;
and 4.4, jointly splicing the model diagram of the left section of the geologic body, the model diagram of the right section of the geologic body, which are obtained in the step 4.3, and the surface curved surface of the geologic body, which is obtained in the step 4.1, to form a three-dimensional entity of the geologic body.
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