CN113269715A - Isotropic image decomposition method under generalized Bedrosian criterion - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an isotropic image decomposition method under a generalized Bedrosian criterion, which belongs to an image decomposition technology in computer vision, provides the generalized Bedrosian criterion for any isotropic image, can realize pi/2 phase shift of any isotropic image, can break through double frequency limitation by utilizing the characteristics of the generalized Bedrosian criterion and auxiliary components given by experience to realize the decomposition of any isotropic image with similar frequency components, can also realize the decomposition of anisotropic images, and can realize the decomposition of isotropic images with similar but different frequencies.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to image decomposition in the field of information processing, and more particularly to decomposition of isotropic images having close frequencies.
Background
Image decomposition is one of the bases of machine vision and image processing applications, and image decomposition algorithms have been mainly divided into three types so far: time domain decomposition algorithm, frequency domain decomposition algorithm and time-frequency domain decomposition algorithm.
The time domain decomposition is mainly based on a two-dimensional empirical mode decomposition (BEMD) method and an edge preserving decomposition (edge preserving decomposition) method. The BEMD method obtains an upper envelope surface and a lower envelope surface by interpolating a local maximum value point and a local minimum value point of a current image, the average value of the upper envelope surface and the lower envelope surface is used as a low-frequency image decomposition component, the difference between an original image and the low-frequency image component is the decomposition component of a high-frequency image, and the decomposition of the multi-scale and multi-resolution image can be obtained by successive recursion iteration. The BEMD method has the advantages that the effective decomposition of the nonlinear time-varying image can be realized, and the defects that the method is invalid when corresponding effective extreme points are lacked in the image, the effective decomposition cannot be carried out on components within the frequency doubling, and the mixing phenomenon can be generated. The edge preserving decomposition method mainly considers the edge characteristics of the image and obtains a high-frequency detail image and a low-frequency contour image through a smooth non-edge area, and has the advantages of preserving the edge characteristics of the image as much as possible and having the defect that the image with unobvious edges or insufficient edge information cannot be effectively decomposed.
The frequency domain decomposition method mainly uses the traditional Fourier transform (including sine-cosine transform and the like), divides the regions occupied by different frequencies of the image in the frequency domain, and performs Fourier inverse transform on the reserved frequency part to obtain the image components of corresponding frequencies, so that the decomposition of the images with different frequency components can be realized by controlling the reservation or suppression method of different frequency regions.
The time-frequency domain decomposition method mainly depends on wavelet decomposition (including traditional wavelet decomposition and recently applied third generation wavelets: novel wavelet transformation methods such as curvelet, band-limited wavelet, ridge wave and linear frequency modulation wavelets) to obtain decomposition coefficients of image components with different scales, and different decomposition coefficients are separated, so that multi-resolution decomposition of the time-frequency domain image components can be realized.
In addition to the three types of algorithms described above, there is an algorithm based on the Hilbert transform and the bedrisian theorem, that is, decomposition of image components is performed using the directional Hilbert transform and their multiple nesting in the auxiliary image component and the two-dimensional Hilbert transform. The method has the advantage of effectively solving the decomposition of some anisotropic images, but cannot be used for decomposing various isotropic images in most cases. As we know, the image not only contains direction information and frequency information, but also contains information of internal dimension, relative magnitude of frequency between components, frequency ratio of different components, amplitude ratio, frequency direction and the like.
However, none of the presently disclosed reports and corresponding patents effectively decompose isotropic image components whose time-varying frequencies are close together (mainly the local time-varying frequencies differ by less than a factor of 2). The invention can solve the problem by utilizing the generalized Bedrosian rule based on the Riesz transformation structure.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art and realize the purpose of effectively decomposing isotropic image components, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the isotropic image decomposition method under the generalized Bedrosian criterion comprises the following steps:
s1, derivation of a transformation operator under the generalized Bedrosian criterion;
for any given real number continuous micro image signal formWhen the frequency satisfies the relationAndq { f (x, y) } is a transform operator under the generalized Bedrosian criterion performed on the function f (x, y), and can be obtained:
x represents an abscissa value, y represents an ordinate value,Which represents two functions of the phase position,to representThe transverse angular frequency of (a) of (b),to representThe transverse angular frequency of (a) of (b),to representThe longitudinal angular frequency of (a) of (b),to representThe longitudinal angular frequency of (1) can break through the frequency doubling limitation for any frequency satisfying the relational expression, realize the decomposition of isotropic images of any close frequency components and realize the decomposition of anisotropic images, of course, theoretically, for more than two components, the analogy can be made, as long as the relations are satisfied, the decomposition can be carried out regardless of multiple frequency;
s2, decomposing the image, including the following steps:
s21, calculating the product of different component combinations by applying a generalized Bedrosian criterion;
for a given two-componentGiving a third component signal by a least squares optimization algorithmAnd its sinusoidal form
Computing Q { f (x, y) g by using transformation operator under generalized Bedrosian criterion1(x,y)};
Computing Q { f (x, y) g by using transformation operator under generalized Bedrosian criterion2(x,y)};
S22, obtaining a first component by operation according to the result of the step S21:
f1(x,y)=g2(x,y)·Q{f(x,y)g1(x,y)}-g1(x,y)·Q{f(x,y)g2(x,y)}
s23, obtaining a second component according to the total component and the first component:
f2(x,y)=f(x,y)-f1(x,y)。
further, in step S2, when there are a plurality of components, decomposition is performed a plurality of times based on the two-component decomposition method.
Further, the least squares method analyzes the main extrema of a given signal to be processed by constructing a single, and thenSimulation function of phase, determining phase by least square methodBasic determinationAnd
further, the brief analysis is to obtain the approximate phase of the signal to be processed through extreme point analysis.
Further, the phase acquisition comprises the following steps:
s211, determining a central point of an isotropic image f (x, y) structure, wherein the image center is the central point of the isotropic image structure, and if not, the image center can be realized through simple image translation;
s212, respectively taking four lines in different directions in the image f (x, y), wherein the directions are respectively 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees, and each line passes through a central point;
The phase is obtained as follows:
f (x, y) for the image f (x, y) to be decomposed1(x,y)+f2(x, y), the four selection lines are:
The direction is 90 degrees: s (t) ═ f (N/2, y) ═ f1(N/2,y)+f2(N/2,y);
The direction is 45 degrees: s (t) ═ f (x, N-x) ═ f1(x,N-x)+f2(x,N-x);
Direction 135 °: s (t) ═ f (x, x) ═ f1(x,x)+f2(x,x);
N is the maximum value of the vertical and horizontal coordinate range of the image, for each s (t) in four directions, the maximum value is a one-dimensional signal, and for a multi-component signal s (t), the maximum value is seta represents the coefficient of the component, first, all extreme points of s (t) are searched, the extreme points are set as tex={tex,1,tex,2,…,tex,mInstruction ofAndb represents the coefficient of the phase for tex={tex,1,tex,2,…,tex,mIs given p (t)ex,n) 1 and p (t)ex,n+1) Is-1, wherein s (t)ex,n) Is a maximum value, and s (t)ex,n+1) For minimum values, the equation phi (t) is usedex,n) By minimizing (n +1) piObtaining the optimized coefficient b ═ ATA)-1ATΦ, wherein And isAn approximate phase phi (x, y), i.e.
Further, the least square optimization method obtains the phaseSubstitution intoAnddetermining the third component, and determining more reasonable g by testing1(x, y) and g2(x,y)。。
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
the isotropic image decomposition method under the generalized Bedrosian criterion provides a simple and effective isotropic image decomposition algorithm, is specifically implemented according to the algorithm for image decomposition, and can realize the decomposition of isotropic image components with approximate arbitrary frequencies but different frequencies.
Drawings
FIG. 1a is a schematic diagram of a first component.
FIG. 1b is a second component schematic.
Fig. 1c is a schematic diagram of an isotropic image composition formed from the two components of fig. 1a, b.
Fig. 2a is a schematic diagram (first component) of the decomposition effect of the method proposed by the present invention.
Fig. 2b is a schematic diagram (second component) of the decomposition effect of the method proposed by the present invention.
Fig. 3a is a schematic diagram of the decomposition effect (first component) of the prior art method.
Fig. 3b is a diagram of the decomposition effect of the prior art method (second component).
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of four line (white line) selection for a two-component composite image.
Fig. 5a is a texture image Brodatz D102.
FIG. 5b is a-pi/6 phase shifted image of the texture image Brodatz D102 achieved by this patent.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
By means of a generalized Bedrosian criterion which is newly deduced and proved, isotropic images with approximate arbitrary frequencies are effectively decomposed, and a novel isotropic image decomposition method under the generalized Bedrosian criterion is provided, and the method comprises the following steps:
in the first step, the derivation of the generalized Bedrosian criterion proves.
For any given real number continuous micro image signal formx represents an abscissa value, y represents an ordinate value,Representing two phase functions if the frequencies satisfy the relationAndis provided withFor the transformation operator under the generalized Bedrosian criterion on the function f (x, y), we then have:
to representThe transverse angular frequency of (a) of (b),to representThe transverse angular frequency of (a) of (b),to representThe longitudinal angular frequency of (a) of (b),to representLongitudinal angle ofThe frequency can break through the double frequency limitation for any frequency satisfying the relation, realize the decomposition of isotropic images of any nearby frequency components, and realize the decomposition of anisotropic images, of course, in theory, for more than two components, the analogy can be made, as long as the relations are satisfied, the decomposition can be performed regardless of several multiples.
And (3) proving that: for real continuous micro-image signalsIf the frequency satisfies the relationAndthen the definition according to the Riesz transform is available
Therefore, we have the following relationship:
after the syndrome is confirmed.
And secondly, implementing image decomposition, comprising the following steps of:
(1) calculating the product of different component combinations by using a generalized Bedrosian criterion;
for a given two-component (two components are taken as an example in the embodiment, and other more components are completely consistent in reason and can be popularized)We pass the least squares bestThe quantization algorithm gives a third component signalAnd its sinusoidal form Andthe given of (b) can be achieved by the following method.
F (x, y) for a given band-decomposed image1(x,y)+f2(x, y) (more components are completely consistent),phase positionThe estimation process of (2) is as follows:
(1) determining the central point of the structure of the isotropic image f (x, y) (in general, it is not assumed that the image center is the central point of the structure of the isotropic image, and if not, the center point can be realized by simple image translation);
(2) taking four lines in the image f (x, y) respectively, wherein the directions of the four lines are 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees respectively, and each line passes through the central point;
computing Q { f (x, y) g by using transformation operator under generalized Bedrosian criterion1(x,y)};
Computing Q { f (x, y) g by using transformation operator under generalized Bedrosian criterion2(x,y)};
(2) Obtaining a first component through operation according to the result of the step (1):
f1(x,y)=g2(x,y)·Q{f(x,y)g1(x,y)}-g1(x,y)·Q{f(x,y)g2(x,y)}
(3) obtaining a second component from the total component and the first component:
f2(x,y)=f(x,y)-f1(x,y)
in this way isotropic images of different components can be obtained.
An example of the algorithm for two-component decomposition of an isotropic image is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1a, b, the first component f1(x,y)=cos(0.0005π((x-200)2+(y-200)2) A second component f)2(x,y)=cos(0.0007π((x-200)2+(y-200)2) Fig. 1c is a synthesized component (400 × 400 pixels), fig. 2a and b are schematic diagrams of decomposition effects of the present embodiment on an example image, respectively, where fig. 2a is a first component, fig. 2b is a second component, and fig. 3a and b are schematic diagrams of decomposition effects of a method in the prior art on an example image, and compared with the present embodiment, it can be found that the effect of the present embodiment is significantly better than the effect of the prior art, and the experimental effectiveness of formula values is reflected, so that pi/2 phase shift of any isotropic image is realized. FIG. 5a shows the natural image texture Brodatz D102, and FIG. 5b shows a-pi/6 (or any other angle) phase shift component, which other methods currently cannot achieve any phase shift application based on pi/2. The method for realizing the arbitrary phase shift comprises the following steps: f. ofρ(x,y)=IMAG{fM(x,y)·eiρ(x,y)Therein ofHere "IMAG { }" is the imaginary operator. ρ (x, y) is a specified arbitrary phase, such as- π/6 as described above.
Appendix 1: obtaining a third component by a least squares optimization algorithm
F (x, y) for the image f (x, y) to be decomposed1(x,y)+f2(x, y) (here we take the two-component image as an example, and assume that the maximum value of the vertical and horizontal coordinate ranges of the image is N), the four selection lines are shown in fig. 4, and they are respectively:
The direction is 90 degrees: s (t) ═ f (N/2, y) ═ f1(N/2,y)+f2(N/2,y);
The direction is 45 degrees: s (t) ═ f (x, N-x) ═ f1(x,N-x)+f2(x,N-x);
Direction 135 °: s (t) ═ f (x, x) ═ f1(x,x)+f2(x,x)。
For each s (t) in the four directions, which are now one-dimensional signals, we analyze the calculations in the following manner in turn.
For a multi-component signal s (t) (). First, all extreme points (including maximum and minimum) of s (t) are searched, and the extreme points are set as tex={tex,1,tex,2,…,tex,m}。
Order toAndfor tex={tex,1,tex,2,…,tex,mIs given p (t)ex,n) 1 and p (t)ex,n+1) Is-1, wherein s (t)ex,n) Is a maximum value, and s (t)ex,n+1) Is a minimum value.
Next we have the equation φ (t)ex,n)=(n+1)π。
b=(ATA)-1AT·Φ,
So that we can get the approximate phase phi (x, y), i.e.At this time, substitutionA third component is obtained.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The isotropic image decomposition method under the generalized Bedrosian criterion is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, derivation of a transformation operator under the generalized Bedrosian criterion;
for any given real number continuous micro image signal formWhen the frequency satisfies the relationAndq { f (x, y) } is a transform operator under the generalized Bedrosian criterion performed on the function f (x, y), and can be obtained:
x represents an abscissa value, y represents an ordinate value,Which represents two functions of the phase position,to representThe transverse angular frequency of (a) of (b),to representThe transverse angular frequency of (a) of (b),to representThe longitudinal angular frequency of (a) of (b),to representLongitudinal angular frequency of (d);
s2, decomposing the image, including the following steps:
s21, calculating the product of different component combinations by applying a generalized Bedrosian criterion;
Computing Q { f (x, y) g by using transformation operator under generalized Bedrosian criterion1(x,y)};
Computing Q { f (x, y) g by using transformation operator under generalized Bedrosian criterion2(x,y)};
S22, obtaining a first component by operation according to the result of the step S21:
f1(x,y)=g2(x,y)·Q{f(x,y)g1(x,y)}-g1(x,y)·Q{f(x,y)g2(x,y)}
s23, obtaining a second component according to the total component and the first component:
f2(x,y)=f(x,y)-f1(x,y)。
2. the method for isotropic image decomposition under the generalized Bedrosian rule as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step S2 is performed for a plurality of decompositions based on a two-component decomposition method when there are a plurality of components.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the least squares optimization method is to perform a brief analysis on the main frequency components of the given signal to be processed, and the brief analysis is to obtain the phase of the signal to be processed through extreme points.
5. The method of isotropic image decomposition under the generalized Bedrosian criterion as claimed in claim 4, wherein said phase acquisition comprises the steps of:
s211, determining the central point of the structure of the isotropic image f (x, y);
s212, respectively taking a group of lines in different directions in the image f (x, y), wherein each line passes through a central point;
6. The method of isotropic image decomposition under the generalized Bedrosian criterion as claimed in claim 5, wherein said lines have four directions of 0 °, 45 °, 90 ° and 135 °, respectively, and the phases are obtained as follows:
f (x, y) for the image f (x, y) to be decomposed1(x,y)+f2(x, y), the four selection lines are:
direction 0 °: s (t) ═ f (x, N/2) ═ f1(x,N/2)+f2(x,N/2);
The direction is 90 degrees: s (t) ═ f (N/2, y) ═ f1(N/2,y)+f2(N/2,y);
The direction is 45 degrees: s (t) ═ f (x, N-x) ═ f1(x,N-x)+f2(x,N-x);
Direction 135 °: s (t) ═ f (x, x) ═ f1(x,x)+f2(x,x);
N is the maximum value of the vertical and horizontal coordinate range of the image, and for each s (t) in four directions,in this case, the signals are all one-dimensional signals, and for the multi-component signal s (t), leta represents the coefficient of the component, first, all extreme points of s (t) are searched, the extreme points are set as tex={tex,1,tex,2,…,tex,mInstruction ofAndb represents the coefficient of the phase for tex={tex,1,tex,2,…,tex,mIs given p (t)ex,n) 1 and p (t)ex,n+1) Is-1, wherein s (t)ex,n) Is a maximum value, and s (t)ex,n+1) For minimum values, the equation phi (t) is usedex,n) By minimizing (n +1) piObtaining the optimized coefficient b ═ ATA)-1ATΦ, whereinAnd isAn approximate phase phi (x, y), i.e.
7. The method of isotropic image decomposition under the generalized Bedrosian criterion as claimed in claim 5, wherein the center of the image is taken as the center point of the isotropic image structure.
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