CN113268789A - Curved surface registration method, system and equipment based on differential homoembryo and readable storage medium - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a curved surface registration method, a system, equipment and a readable storage medium based on differential homomorphism, wherein a curved surface is mapped to a standard domain by a curve constraint harmonic mapping method to realize curved surface registration with point constraint and curve constraint, and then curved surface registration is carried out in the standard domain by dynamic quasi-conformal mapping Is optimal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of geometric processing, and particularly relates to a curved surface registration method, a curved surface registration system, curved surface registration equipment and a readable storage medium based on differential homomorphism.
Background
Model registration plays a fundamental role in the fields of computer vision and engineering, and is widely applied to the aspects of tracking, classification, identification and the like. Given a source surface and a target surface having point and curve characteristics, the registration problem is to find a mapping that aligns the points with the characteristic points of the curve. In general, the ideal mapping should be a smooth differential isomorphism (bijective) and meet the accuracy and speed requirements.
In fact, most objects have their natural features, including feature points and feature curves. Continuous curve features are widely available and are often used to guide surface registration and analysis in computer-assisted medical anomaly detection;
in recent decades, intensive research has been conducted on three-dimensional curved surface registration methods, which have a wide range of applications, including shape matching and recognition, shape modeling, morphological studies, and animation. Most of the existing methods directly process non-rigid deformation, but the existing methods often stay in local optimal solutions and are difficult to obtain global solutions. In practical applications, constraint features are often used to guide the registration of surfaces, which may introduce overlay errors in the final mapping. The current method for optimizing registration has the problem of high energy nonlinearity, often falls into a local minimum value, can not guarantee bijection of final registration theoretically, has poor registration degree of a point-curve constrained curved surface, and can not well solve the problem of point-line constrained curved surface registration, particularly the problem of line-constrained curved surface registration.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a curved surface registration method, a system, equipment and a readable storage medium based on differential homomorphism, so as to overcome the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a curved surface registration method based on differential homoembryo comprises the following steps:
s1, mapping the curved surface to a standard domain by a curve constraint harmony mapping method;
s2, then performing surface registration in the canonical domain through dynamic quasi-conformal mapping.
Further, S1 specifically includes the following steps:
s1.1: adaptively modifying the mean coordinates according to the landmark curve such that the convex combination map in equation (1) satisfies the circumferential mean theorem for each interior vertex:
wherein λijTo reconcile the weights, viThe vertex is an internal vertex, i is a vertex serial number, j is a serial number of an adjacent vertex of Vi, k is the number of vertices adjacent to the vertex i, and Vij is an adjacent vertex of the Vi;
s1.2: modifying the weight average: is arranged in a triangleDefine the fibrate lamide coefficient on the vertex, and quantificationally map to a plane domain through linear mapping and the like:
wherein z is the local coordinate of the triangle, then measuring the angle of the distorted triangle in the plane domain, and calculating the average value of the weight by using the distortion angle;
s1.3: calculating the self-adaptive harmonic weight value of the single-ring curve neighborhood by using the annular median theorem;
s1.4: straightening the characteristic curve into a line segment in the standard domain according to the average value and the harmonic weight;
s1.5: for the vertex positioned in the characteristic curve, defining a ring curve neighborhood as an adjacent vertex positioned on the curve; for vertices located within the landmark curve, their one-loop curve neighborhood is used in the calculation of the adaptive mean coordinates.
S1.6: moving the inner points of the characteristic curve to linear interpolation of their two adjacent points on the characteristic curve enables the generation of a planar rectilinear graph in the canonical domain.
Further, when k is 2 or 3, the weight λ isijAutomatically determined by formula (1) when k is>3, the mean value coordinates of equation (2) are obtained by approximating the harmonic energy using the circumferential mean theorem at each internal vertex.
Further, step 1.3.1: not on a curve, the mean coordinates defined in equation (2) are used:
αijand alphaij-1Is a triangle [ v ]ij-1,vi,vij]And [ v ]ij,vi,vij+1]Adjacent angles of (d);
step 1.3.2: v. thei1And vi2Representing two vertices adjacent to each other on the landmark curve, with their respective adaptations and weights ofAnd
step 1.3.3: and connecting a plurality of curves, and calculating the self-adaptive harmonic weight value of a single-ring curve neighborhood by using the circumferential median theorem.
Further, step S2 specifically includes the following steps:
s2.1: obtaining a Beltrami coefficient by registering the characteristic points and the end points of the characteristic curve by using CCHM mapping with point and curve end point constraints;
s2.2: optimizing a source domain by shifting a Beltrami coefficient induced by a CCHM diagram with point constraint by a small step, wherein the coefficient is interleaved with a constraint Delaunay diagonal switch, so that each unconstrained edge is subjected to Delaunay constraint, namely the sum of relative angles of each unconstrained edge is less than pi;
s2.3: starting with a new intermediate domain with CDT, the above optimization process is repeated until the current CCHM graph is bijective and all unconstrained edges are Delaunay constrained, the surfaces are registered.
Further, first, the CCHM mapping of step S1 is calculated by using a point constraint; let μ denote the belirami coefficient of mapping φ, let t ∈ (0, 1)]Representing the step size and calculating a quasi-conformal mapping phi by a reconciliation method according to an auxiliary metric caused by the belirami coefficient t mutBy diagonal line switchesTo improve the intermediate domain phit(D1) To satisfy the Delaunay property of the constraint; order toAnd the above steps are repeated until phi is bijective.
Further, setting a beltrami coefficient on the vertex of the triangle [ vi, vj, vk ], mapping the equidistant map of the triangle to a plane domain through linear mapping, measuring the angle of a distorted triangle on the plane domain, and calculating the average value weight by using the distortion angle.
A curved surface registration system based on differential homoembryo comprises:
the curved surface mapping module is used for mapping the curved surface into a standard domain by a curve constraint harmonic mapping method and generating a plane straight line graph in the standard domain;
and the curved surface registration module registers the characteristic points and the end points of the characteristic curve by using CCHM mapping constrained by the points and the end points of the curve, and realizes curved surface registration in a standard domain through dynamic quasi-conformal mapping.
A terminal device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 7 when executing the computer program.
A computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention relates to a curved surface registration method based on differential homoembryo, which maps a curved surface to a standard domain through a curve constraint harmonic mapping method so as to realize curved surface registration with point and curve constraints, and then performs curved surface registration in the standard domain through dynamic quasi-conformal mapping.
Furthermore, the coordinates of the mean value are adaptively modified according to a landmark curve, then the weight mean value is modified, the calculation of the adaptive harmonic weight value is carried out on the single-ring curve neighborhood by utilizing the annular median theorem, the characteristic curve is straightened into a line segment in the standard domain according to the mean value and the harmonic weight value, the topology modification is introduced into the quasi-conformal optimization, the bijection registration of the 3D curved surface with the point and the curve landmark can be obtained, and the solution is unique and optimal.
Furthermore, the calculation of the self-adaptive harmonic weight value is carried out on the single-ring curve neighborhood by using the annular median theorem, so that the degree of surface registration with point and curve constraints is improved.
A curved surface registration system based on differential homoembryo has a simple structure, can quickly realize curved surface registration, and improves the curved surface registration degree with point and curve constraints.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of two cases of CCHM mapping in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of registration between neutral and smile expressions of the same object according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating registration using dynamic pseudo-conformal mapping according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic visualization diagram of mapping by surface texture in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a graph of the registration of two facial surface effects from the BU-3DFE database in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating the effect of the test of the registration method for the surface of the human brain according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a method embodied in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 7, a curved surface registration method based on differential homomorphism includes the following steps:
s1, mapping the curved surface to a standard domain by a curve constraint harmony mapping method (CCHM); i.e. mapping a three-dimensional geometry to two dimensions; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1.1: adaptively modifying the mean coordinates according to the landmark curve such that the convex combination map in equation (1) satisfies the circumferential mean theorem for each interior vertex:
wherein λijTo reconcile the weights, viFor the inner vertex, i is the vertex number, j is the number of the adjacent vertex of ViK is the number of vertices adjacent to vertex i and Vij is the adjacent vertex of Vi.
For k 2, 3, the weight λijThey are barycentric coordinates, which are automatically determined by equation (1). For k>3, the mean value coordinate of equation (2) is obtained by approximating the harmonic energy using the circumferential mean theorem at each internal vertex. And (3) solving the convex combination mapping in the formula (1) to obtain the conformal mapping.
S1.2: to calculate the harmonic mapping of the source domain with the specified Beltrami coefficients μ, the weight average needs to be modified accordingly; is arranged in a triangleDefine the fibrate lamic (belitrami) coefficient, which can be equally mapped to the planar domain by linear mapping:
wherein z is the local coordinate of the triangle, then the angle of the distorted triangle in the plane domain is measured, and the average value of the weight is calculated by utilizing the distorted angle.
S1.3: in order to calculate the intrinsic harmonic mapping of the curve-constrained surface, the harmonic weights of the curve-constrained surface are adaptively calculated:
the specific process is as follows:
step 1.3.1: not on a curve, the mean coordinates defined in equation (2) are used:
αijand alphaij-1Is a triangle [ v ]ij-1,vi,vij]And [ v ]ij,vi,vij+1]Adjacent angles of (d);
step 1.3.2: the barycentric coordinates located inside the characteristic curve are instead applied to its single loop curve neighborhood. v. ofi1And vi2Representing two vertices adjacent to each other on the landmark curve, with their respective adaptations and weights ofAnd
step 1.3.3: connecting a plurality of curves, and calculating the self-adaptive harmonic weight value of a single-ring curve neighborhood by using the circumferential median theorem;
s1.4: and straightening the characteristic curve into a line segment in the standard domain according to the average value and the harmonic weight.
S1.5: for vertices located inside the characteristic curve, a neighborhood of a ring curve is defined as neighboring vertices located on the curve, and a neighborhood of a ring includes all neighboring vertices.
S1.6: for vertices located within the landmark curve, their one-loop curve neighborhood is used in the calculation of the adaptive mean coordinates.
S1.7: the inner points of the characteristic curve will instead be moved to linear interpolation of their two adjacent points on the characteristic curve, enabling the generation of a planar rectilinear graph in the canonical domain.
S2: performing surface registration in a canonical domain through dynamic quasi-conformal mapping (DQCM);
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s2.1: the Beltrami coefficients are obtained by registering feature points and the endpoints of a feature curve using CCHM mapping with point and curve endpoint constraints.
The specific process of S2.1 is as follows:
step 2.1.1: firstly, calculating the CCHM mapping in the step S1 by using point constraint;
step 2.1.2: let μ denote the beltrami coefficient of the mapping phi; let t e (0, 1)]Representing the step size and calculating a quasi-conformal mapping phi by a reconciliation method according to an auxiliary metric caused by the belirami coefficient t mut。
To compute the harmonic map of the source domain with the specified fibrate lamide coefficient μ, the mean weights need to be modified accordingly. And setting a beltrami coefficient on the vertex of the triangle [ vi, vj, vk ], mapping the equidistant map of the triangle to a plane domain through linear mapping, measuring an angle of a distorted triangle on the plane domain, and calculating the average weight by using the distortion angle.
Step 2.1.3: by diagonal line switchesTo improve the intermediate domain phit(D1) To satisfy the Delaunay property of the constraint; order toAnd repeating steps (2.1.1) - (2.1.3) until φ is bijective.
S2.2: to generate the bijective map, the source domain is optimized by shifting by small steps using the Beltrami coefficients induced by the CCHM map with point constraints, interleaved with the constrained Delaunay diagonal switches, so that each unconstrained edge is Delaunay constrained, i.e., the sum of the relative angles of each unconstrained edge is less than π.
S2.3: starting from the new middle domain with CDT, the above optimization process is repeated until the current CCHM graph is bijective and all unconstrained edges are Delaunay constrained, and the surface registration is completed.
2D expectation mappingIs differential homoembryo mappingIn obtaining a 2D mappingThen, by mapping the 2D dynamic pseudo-conformal mapping and the CCHM mappingIn combination to obtain a corresponding 3D surface registration. The resulting surface registration f is unique to the surface and its characteristic landmarks, dualRadial and intrinsic.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a terminal device is provided that includes a processor and a memory, the memory storing a computer program comprising program instructions, the processor executing the program instructions stored by the computer storage medium. The processor is a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general purpose processor, Digital Signal Processor (DSP), Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), ready-made programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware component, etc., which is a computing core and a control core of the terminal, and is adapted to implement one or more instructions, and in particular, to load and execute one or more instructions to implement a corresponding method flow or a corresponding function; the processor provided by the embodiment of the invention can be used for the operation of the curved surface registration method based on differential homomorphism.
Example (b): a curved surface registration system based on differential homoembryo comprises a curved surface mapping module and a curved surface registration module;
the curved surface mapping module is used for mapping the curved surface into a standard domain by a curve constraint harmonic mapping method and generating a plane straight line graph in the standard domain;
and the curved surface registration module registers the characteristic points and the end points of the characteristic curve by using CCHM mapping constrained by the points and the end points of the curve, and realizes curved surface registration in a standard domain through dynamic quasi-conformal mapping.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, the present invention further provides a storage medium, specifically a computer-readable storage medium (Memory), which is a Memory device in the terminal device and is used for storing programs and data. The computer-readable storage medium includes a built-in storage medium in the terminal device, provides a storage space, stores an operating system of the terminal, and may also include an extended storage medium supported by the terminal device. Also, one or more instructions, which may be one or more computer programs (including program code), are stored in the memory space and are adapted to be loaded and executed by the processor. It should be noted that the computer-readable storage medium may be a high-speed RAM memory, or may be a Non-volatile memory (Non-volatile memory), such as at least one disk memory. One or more instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium may be loaded and executed by a processor to implement the corresponding steps of the method for registration of a curved surface based on differential homomorphism in the above embodiments.
As shown in fig. 2, the registration process between neutral and smiling expressions of the same object is:
step 1: source 3D surfaces and target 3D surfaces with 21 congruent curve landmarks are mapped to a unit circle domain using CCHM:
step 1.1: the vertices are not on a curve, using the mean coordinates defined in equation (2):
step 1.2: the barycentric coordinates with the vertexes positioned in the landmark curves are applied to the single-loop curve neighborhoods of the landmark curves instead; v. thei1And vi2Representing two adjacent vertexes on the landmark curve; the adaptation and the weight are defined asAnd
step 1.3: connecting a plurality of curves, and calculating the self-adaptive harmonic weight value of a single-ring curve neighborhood by using the circumferential median theorem;
step 2: registering through DQCM, eliminating self-flipping through iterative minimization of constraint harmonic energy; as shown in fig. 3.
And step 3: visualizing the registration result by a consistent surface texture mapping; as shown in fig. 4.
Fig. 5 gives another example of registration of two facial surfaces from the BU-3DFE database, where 11 landmark curves are disjoint and computed by connecting given landmark points using the shortest path.
In addition, the registration method on the surface of human brain was also tested with two non-intersecting grooves as marker curves, as shown in fig. 6. The surface is first mapped to a specification domain by Curve Constrained Harmonic Mapping (CCHM), the position and tilt angle of which are determined by the surface geometry and its characteristic landmarks. Registration is then performed in the canonical domain by dynamic quasi-conformal mapping (DQCM), aligning the corresponding points and curve features. By introducing the combination freedom into quasi-conformal optimization, bijective registration of 3D surfaces with points and curve landmarks can be finally obtained, and the solution is unique, optimal, independent of the edge exchange sequence and optimization steps.
The registration result is verified by consistent surface texture mapping visualization:
TABLE 1
As shown in table 1, the results of the curve registration based on the point and curve and the method of the present application are compared and verified, the parameterization-based method is used to generate the registration of the three-dimensional curve with landmarks, the problem based on the point and curve is determined through experiments, and the results of table 1 show that the method of the present application can process the point characteristics and the curve characteristics, has unique and bijective theoretical solution, and is high in reliability.
Claims (10)
1. A curved surface registration method based on differential homoembryo is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, mapping the curved surface to a standard domain by a curve constraint harmony mapping method;
s2, then performing surface registration in the canonical domain through dynamic quasi-conformal mapping.
2. The method for curved surface registration based on differential homoembryo according to claim 1, wherein S1 specifically comprises the following steps:
s1.1: adaptively modifying the mean coordinates according to the landmark curve such that the convex combination map in equation (1) satisfies the circumferential mean theorem for each interior vertex:
wherein λijTo reconcile the weights, viThe vertex is an internal vertex, i is a vertex serial number, j is a serial number of an adjacent vertex of Vi, k is the number of vertices adjacent to the vertex i, and Vij is an adjacent vertex of the Vi;
s1.2: modifying the weight average: is arranged in a triangleDefine the fibrate lamide coefficient on the vertex, and quantificationally map to a plane domain through linear mapping and the like:
wherein z is the local coordinate of the triangle, then measuring the angle of the distorted triangle in the plane domain, and calculating the average value of the weight by using the distortion angle;
s1.3: calculating the self-adaptive harmonic weight value of the single-ring curve neighborhood by using the annular median theorem;
s1.4: straightening the characteristic curve into a line segment in the standard domain according to the average value and the harmonic weight;
s1.5: for the vertex positioned in the characteristic curve, defining a ring curve neighborhood as an adjacent vertex positioned on the curve; for vertices located within the landmark curve, their one-loop curve neighborhood is used in the calculation of the adaptive mean coordinates.
S1.6: moving the inner points of the characteristic curve to linear interpolation of their two adjacent points on the characteristic curve enables the generation of a planar rectilinear graph in the canonical domain.
3. Root of herbaceous plantThe method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the weight λ is 2 or 3ijAutomatically determined by formula (1) when k is>3, the mean value coordinates of equation (2) are obtained by approximating the harmonic energy using the circumferential mean theorem at each internal vertex.
4. The curved surface registration method based on differential homoembryo according to claim 2, wherein the step 1.3.1: not on a curve, the mean coordinates defined in equation (2) are used:
αijand alphaij-1Is a triangle [ v ]ij-1,vi,vij]And [ v ]ij,vi,vij+1]Adjacent angles of (d);
step 1.3.2: v. thei1And vi2Representing two vertices adjacent to each other on the landmark curve, with their respective adaptations and weights ofAnd
step 1.3.3: and connecting a plurality of curves, and calculating the self-adaptive harmonic weight value of a single-ring curve neighborhood by using the circumferential median theorem.
5. The method for registering curved surfaces based on differential homoembryo according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 specifically comprises the following steps:
s2.1: obtaining a Beltrami coefficient by registering the characteristic points and the end points of the characteristic curve by using CCHM mapping with point and curve end point constraints;
s2.2: optimizing a source domain by shifting a Beltrami coefficient induced by a CCHM diagram with point constraint by a small step, wherein the coefficient is interleaved with a constraint Delaunay diagonal switch, so that each unconstrained edge is subjected to Delaunay constraint, namely the sum of relative angles of each unconstrained edge is less than pi;
s2.3: starting with a new intermediate domain with CDT, the above optimization process is repeated until the current CCHM graph is bijective and all unconstrained edges are Delaunay constrained, the surfaces are registered.
6. The method for registering a curved surface based on differential homoembryo according to claim 5, wherein the CCHM mapping of step S1 is first calculated by using a point constraint; let μ denote the belirami coefficient of mapping φ, let t ∈ (0, 1)]Representing the step size and calculating a quasi-conformal mapping phi by a reconciliation method according to an auxiliary metric caused by the belirami coefficient t mutBy diagonal line switchesTo improve the intermediate domain phit(D1) To satisfy the Delaunay property of the constraint; order toAnd the above steps are repeated until phi is bijective.
7. The method for registering curved surfaces based on differential homoembryo according to claim 6, wherein Beltrami coefficients are set at the vertices of the triangle [ vi, vj, vk ], the equidistant map of the triangle is mapped to a plane domain by linear mapping, the angles of the distorted triangle are measured on the plane domain, and the average weight is calculated by using the distortion angles.
8. A curved surface registration system based on differential homoembryo is characterized by comprising:
the curved surface mapping module is used for mapping the curved surface into a standard domain by a curve constraint harmonic mapping method and generating a plane straight line graph in the standard domain;
and the curved surface registration module registers the characteristic points and the end points of the characteristic curve by using CCHM mapping constrained by the points and the end points of the curve, and realizes curved surface registration in a standard domain through dynamic quasi-conformal mapping.
9. A terminal device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the steps of the method of any of claims 1 to 7 are implemented when the computer program is executed by the processor.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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