CN113267494A - Method for quantitatively recovering ancient wind direction of carbonate rock platform - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quantitatively recovering an ancient wind direction of a carbonate rock platform, which comprises the following steps of: step 1: defining an area and a horizon of the ancient wind direction to be recovered; step 2: collecting samples, namely collecting samples containing magnetic minerals applied to a magnetic susceptibility anisotropy experiment, providing an experiment foundation for magnetic susceptibility anisotropy data, and providing an effective basis for quantitatively recovering the ancient wind direction; and step 3: data processing, namely performing a specific magnetic susceptibility anisotropy experiment to obtain an experiment result and provide direct data for quantitatively recovering the ancient wind direction; and 4, step 4: quantitatively recovering the ancient wind direction, and determining a theoretical model of the region to be recovered through an explanation principle and a magnetic susceptibility anisotropy experimental result of the region to be recovered; determining the flowing direction of the medium by combining the experimental result of the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy with a theoretical model of the region to be recovered, and quantitatively recovering the ancient wind direction of the region to be recovered by combining the flowing direction of the medium with the rotating direction of the plate; the problem of among the prior art unable accurate recovery carbonate rock platform ground ancient wind direction is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of restoring the ancient wind direction of a carbonate rock terrace, in particular to a method for quantitatively restoring the ancient wind direction of the carbonate rock terrace.
Background
The marine carbonate reservoir is an important field of oil-gas exploration in China, and the high-energy phase zone reservoir is a main exploration object. The high-energy phase zone of the carbonate rock terrace is mainly controlled by the direction of wind waves and hydrodynamic conditions. Wind is an important factor in the process of climate evolution and is an important indicator of atmospheric circulation. The ancient wind direction is reconstructed, and the method has important significance for reconstructing the ancient climate and the ancient geography; providing scientific basis for searching high-quality oil and gas reservoirs in the carbonate high-energy phase zone. At present, the reconstruction of the ancient wind direction mainly focuses on the research of clastic rock, and the research of carbonate rock is relatively weak; the ancient wind direction reconstruction is mainly based on the geomorphologic morphology, the spatial distribution characteristics of the wind-formed sediments, the results generated by the wind action and the like. Plate rotation is an important form of tectonic movement and is a non-negligible factor in ancient geographic reconstruction. The magnetic susceptibility anisotropy has the characteristics of easy measurement, economy, rapidness, no damage to the environment, rich information content and relative accuracy. It finds wide application in the field of geological research, in particular in petrological and sedimentary analyses. Carbonate is an aqueous deposit and the susceptibility anisotropy results indicate the direction of water flow, which does not necessarily indicate the current wind direction. Restoration of the wind field is difficult to achieve with carbonate rock samples alone. The sediment during the low water exposure period of carbonate rock is mainly affected by wind, so that a sample capable of recording the evidence of wind direction needs to be found. Magnetic susceptibility anisotropy is the result of a geological analysis tool to study the structural stresses and deposition kinetics control experienced by magnetic minerals. In the context of atmospheric circulation, the wind affects the direction of the water flow. The sample exposed on the carbonate rock plateau is researched by utilizing the anisotropy of the magnetic susceptibility, and the research is combined with the plate motion, so that the method can provide guidance for reconstructing the ancient wind direction of the marine carbonate rock plateau and has important theoretical guidance significance for the oil-gas exploration of the carbonate rock plateau.
In the prior art I, Jiangxing and Zhang Yuan Fu 2019 provides a method and a device for predicting reservoir sand bodies based on a wind field, a material source and a basin system. The method comprises the following steps: and acquiring geological data of the area to be predicted. Wherein the geological data comprises at least a plurality of core data, paleobiological data, logging data and seismic data. And inputting the geological data into a preset wind field, a preset material source and a preset basin system model, and generating beach dam sand body forming process data of the region to be predicted. Wherein, including the multiple in ancient thing source resumes instrument, ancient wind power and resumes instrument, ancient wind direction and resumes instrument, ancient landform and resume instrument and the ancient depth of water in wind field, thing source, the basin system model at least. And according to the formation process data of the beach bar sand bodies, predicting the specific distribution positions of the beach bar sand bodies in the area to be predicted by adopting a geological method and a geophysical method. The method can effectively identify and predict the distribution position and range of the shallow water thin beach dam sand body, and improves the feasibility and accuracy of the reservoir sand body prediction mode.
The first prior art has the following defects: the method mainly applies a physical method, aims at predicting the sand bodies of the reservoirs, and is not applied to the recovery of the ancient wind direction of the carbonate rock terraces.
2 the method has various tools including an ancient wind direction and an ancient wind power recovery tool, but a specific method for recovering the ancient wind direction is not provided.
3, the method uses various tools to predict the sand bodies of the reservoirs, is mainly applied to lake facies and is not suitable for marine facies carbonate rocks.
In the second prior art, 2017 of Jiangxing et al provides a method and a device for quantitatively measuring ancient wind power based on the thickness of a coastal sand dam. The method comprises the following steps: determining the depth of the broken wave at the top of the coastal sand dam according to the pre-obtained base slope of the coastal sand dam and the original thickness of the coastal sand dam; determining the wave height of the broken waves according to the wave depth and a known fertile land curve; determining the effective wave height of the deep water area according to the wave height of the broken waves and the known wave statistical characteristics; calculating to obtain a wind pressure coefficient according to the ancient wind path and the effective wave height of the deep water area by combining a wave prediction formula of the water body of the limited wind area; and determining the ancient wind power and the ancient wind speed according to the wind pressure coefficient and a known relational expression of the wind pressure coefficient and the wind speed. According to the invention, the ancient wind power is determined according to the thickness of the coastal sand dam, and the ancient wind power can be recovered quantitatively more accurately.
The second prior art has the defects
1 the method measures the ancient wind power through a series of data and formulas, and is not feasible for recovering the ancient wind power.
2, the method mainly relates to ancient wind ranges and deep water areas, mainly collects the data of the depth and the height of the wave, and does not effectively utilize the sediment containing magnetic minerals in the area to be detected.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for quantitatively recovering the carbonate rock table paleo-wind direction, and solves the problem that the carbonate rock table paleo-wind direction cannot be accurately recovered in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the method for quantitatively recovering the ancient wind direction of the carbonate rock platform comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, defining an area and a horizon of the ancient wind direction to be recovered, and carrying out basic data investigation, sample collection and data processing. Defining the range of a region to be recovered, geological age and development of stratum; sea level background investigation is carried out on the ancient wind direction region to be recovered, and the period of low water level exposure of the stratum in geological time evolution is found out; analyzing a deposition system, performing outcrop observation and core sampling on the area to be recovered, and determining the lithofacies and the characteristics of the area to be recovered by means of field observation and microscopic slice identification; and determining the rotation direction of the plate in the area to be recovered by searching the data.
And step two, collecting a sample, namely collecting the sample containing the magnetic minerals applied to the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy experiment, providing an experiment foundation for the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy data processing, and providing an effective basis for quantitatively recovering the ancient wind direction. Determining a magnetic susceptibility anisotropic sample based on a sedimentology theory, and determining a sampling object under the comprehensive analysis of a sedimentary system of a region to be recovered and relative sea level background data; a portable small sampling drilling machine (model: D026-C) and an insertable directional compass are adopted to carry out positioning sampling on the region to be recovered of the ancient wind direction.
And step three, data processing, namely performing a specific magnetic susceptibility anisotropy experiment to obtain an experiment result and provide direct data for quantitatively recovering the ancient wind direction. Carrying out magnetic susceptibility anisotropy experimental measurement on an oriented sample, and carrying out three orthogonal measurements; and analyzing the measurement data, processing the sample set according to a sample screening and noise reduction method provided by Lagroix and Banerjee (2004) and Zhu et al (2004), and performing red plane projection and gravity center statistical analysis on the effective sample to obtain an experimental result of the anisotropy of the sample magnetic susceptibility.
Quantitatively recovering the ancient wind direction, wherein the ancient wind direction comprises an explanation principle of magnetic susceptibility anisotropy and a wind direction, and a theoretical model of the region to be recovered is determined through the explanation principle and a magnetic susceptibility anisotropy experimental result of the region to be recovered, namely the theoretical model is a quiet environment, unidirectional flow or bidirectional flow; and combining the determined theoretical model with the experimental result of the anisotropy of the magnetic susceptibility to obtain the flowing direction of the medium, and combining the flowing direction of the medium with the rotating direction of the plate to obtain the ancient wind direction in the region to be recovered.
The method for quantitatively recovering the ancient wind direction of the carbonate rock terrace has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a complete, easy-to-operate and relatively accurate technical scheme for recovering the carbonate plateau ancient wind direction by using a technical means of combining the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility and the rotation direction of a plate, and provides a certain theoretical support for the oil-gas exploration of the carbonate reservoir.
2. According to the method, a sample capable of recovering the quantitative ancient wind direction is selected innovatively through sediment system analysis and sea level background data investigation of a region to be recovered; and the characteristic of magnetic susceptibility anisotropy of magnetic minerals is fully utilized, and the ancient wind direction is obtained by comprehensively analyzing the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy interpretation principle, the sedimentology theory and the plate rotation direction; the method provides scientific basis for finding oil gas in high-energy sedimentary phase zone, and has certain scientific significance for exploration and research of carbonate oil gas.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a stratum diagram of Shangan Ning Tai-Zhongotao system of Shanangan.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing the relationship among the magnetic physical degree (L), the confidence angle of the long axis (e 12), the magnetic surface physical degree (F), and the confidence angle of the central axis (e 23) of the gurtella sample with the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility of 59 pica according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the red-horizontal projection of the ellipsoid of the magnetic susceptibility of Shaangan Ningtai Qing Longshan, Linhang, Xi Kou and Sanchuan river.
FIG. 5 is a theoretical model of the effect of different fluids on the alignment of magnetic minerals in the deposit according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
The magnetic susceptibility anisotropy in the present invention refers to the orientation of magnetic minerals, particles or crystal lattices in the rock and their combinations, and its physical substance is the property that the magnetization changes with the direction (Schwann mountain, 1998).
Plate rotation direction: the plate rotates around an axis which is obliquely crossed with the earth axis, and the geographical azimuth difference formed by the motion trail under the geographical direction and time elements is called the plate rotation azimuth.
Taking Shangan Ningtaidi Ordovician carbonate rock as an example, the specific implementation scheme is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: defining ancient wind direction to-be-recovered area and horizon
The step is an application object of a definite technical scheme and provides basic data for sample collection, data processing and quantitative recovery of the ancient wind direction. Determining the contents of an area and a horizon of an ancient wind direction to be recovered, a relative sea level, a deposition system and a plate rotation direction; the method comprises the steps of determining an ancient wind direction to-be-recovered area and a position, providing geological data for development of a technical scheme, providing a theoretical basis for sample collection of magnetic susceptibility anisotropy relative to analysis of a sea level and a deposition system, and determining a plate rotation direction to provide a coordinate transformation basis for quantitatively recovering the ancient wind direction. Determining the area and the horizon of the ancient wind direction to be recovered is relevant data of the area and the stratum which are applied by the technical scheme; the content relative to sea level is to define the low water level and high water level period of the stratum of the ancient wind direction region to be recovered during deposition; the content of a deposition system is to carry out field observation on a field outcrop and a rock core of a region to be recovered to obtain characteristics such as outcrop spreading form, lithofacies, color, mineral type, structure and the like, then carry out microscopic identification on a slice sample, mainly name micro-facies and ultra-micro-facies of the lithofacies, and determine the mineral type, particularly magnetic minerals, of the lithofacies; the content of the plate rotation direction determination is to clearly determine the relation between the ancient north and the north of the plate through data survey.
1. Defining the region and the horizon of the ancient wind direction to be restored:
the patent takes the carbonate rock sediment of Ordovician Taidi of Shangan as an example, and the Ordovician specifically comprises three banks, Kelimori bank, Ganshan bank and Majiashui bank.
2. Relative sea level
The development of the Shaangan Ning terrace is controlled by the structure and the elevation of the sea level. North China platform development begins in the middle Han Wushu (Maotai) world, with sea level elevation overwhelming most of the North China platform (Sloss, 1963; Miller et al, 2005; Haq and Schutter, 2008). At that time, Shanganning Taidi is Qilian sea in west, Qinling sea in south and Huabei sea in east and north (Guo et al, 2014). During the late Han Wushi and the early Ordovician period, the relative uplift and subsidence areas in the Shangan Ning terrace develop along with the change of the terrace stress field in North China: in the period of 500-480Ma, east-west extrusion is caused by qinlian sea expansion to form a western ridge of shangan-ning platform, and then in the period of 480-475Ma, south-north extrusion is caused by reorientation of stress field caused by qinlian sea expansion to form a south ridge of shangan-ning platform (zhao-shao-yu et al, 2012,2015; Cohen et al, 2013). The series of construction motions result in the construction of the interior of Shaangan Ningtai land divided into three areas: (1) the Ile gulf north; (2) the southwest of the west forms Qingyang gulong; (3) depressed in the middle east of the east.
In the morning and in the middle of the Orotao world, the Shangan Ningtai ground undergoes 6 lifting cycles, which correspond to 6 stages (M1-M6) of the Majiagou group. At the lower sea level of each cycle, the exposed area expands and reaches a maximum at the lower positions of M1 and M2. During each convolution the exposed area shrinks during the rise of sea level, reaching a minimum during M6 high water levels, where only a small part of the eu gulf is exposed. Due to sea level fluctuation, the deposition environment inside the terrace is changed, and an evaporation terrace (M1-M6) is formed at a low position, a limited terrace (M1-M3) or an open terrace (M4-M6) is formed at a high position (FIG. 2).
Fig. 2 is the subsurface-middle aortosis stratum of Shangan Ning (contour, etc., 2012; Guo et al, 2014; Wangzhihao et al, 2016; Meng et al, 2019). The lithological vertical variation law (Guo et al, 2014), the relative sea level curve (contour, etc., 2012), the geological age (Cohen et al, 2013), and the biological formation data (Sun Zhaoji, etc., 2002; Chengqiang, 2011; Wang et al, 2013). Qingyang ancient rising edge: west and south edges (W & S); north and east edges (N & E). M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M six and above stratums. LY, unicorn; exposing QL (green dragon mountain); SC is outcrop of the sanchuan river; and XW is west outcrop.
Deposition system
(1) In total, four field outcrop points in Tai mountain Ganning are observed, including Qinglongshan, Lingyu, Xi Kou and Sanchuan river outcrop. The appearance of the Qinglongshan is observed for 40m, and comprises three ridge-table mountain groups; the total observation of the aphrodisiac outcrop is 120m, including the three Kam-Crimori group; the western outcrop was observed at a distance of 260m, including the three Kam-Crimeri group; the outcrop of the Sanchuan river is observed for 160m, and comprises the first section to the fourth section of the Majia ditch group (figure 2). Sample collection was performed in the stratigraphic section at intervals of about 5m, for a total of 159 samples; detailed observation descriptions were made for each outcrop and petrographic analysis was performed on the collected samples. A total of 78 wells were observed for cores which were accumulated over 1200 meters and were sampled at approximately 5m intervals to produce 256 thin slice samples.
(2) A total of 415 sheets were prepared and examined using a transmitted light microscope. Staining the collected sample with alizarin red to identify carbonate rock minerals; blue resin casting was used to highlight the voids. The standard of identification is based on "oil and gas industry-SYT 5368-2000 rock slice identification code". The slice identification was performed using a standard petrographic microscope (Calzaisy Axio ScopeA 1). The areal porosity was calculated using a 20 x 30 grid point count (600 observations per sample).
(3) Based on means such as Ordovician well core observation and outcrop observation in the region to be restored, indoor slice identification and the like, the method analyzes and researches lithology, bedding structure, particle type, fossil content and the like of the rock in the region. The samples were subjected to identification and partitioning according to the descriptive standards and interpretation specifications for carbonate rock (Tucker et al, 2009; Wright, 1992; Flugel, 2004), with microphase and submicrophase partitioning being carried out mainly with reference to Dunham's classification scheme (Dunham, 1962). In the region to be recovered, the types of rocks include carbonate rocks, evaporite and clastic rocks, and 7 sedimentary microfacies and 25 ultramicro phases are specifically identified and divided. Taking oolitic particle limestone as an example, the rock sample is gray and has a blocky structure. The rock components are particles, matrix and cementing agent; the small amount of accessory mineral is pyrite. The particle type is oolitic, the content is about 76%, the particle type is in a radial structure, the separation is medium, and the particle size is 0.2-0.5 mm. The rock is used as a particle support, the particles are filled and cemented by brilliant calcite, and the cement is about 22%; the accessory mineral is pyrite, the self-forming degree is semi-self-forming-other-forming, the content is about 2%, and the black color is opaque. According to the Dunhamer classification scheme, the oolitic particle limestone discovered at this time does not contain mud crystals, and no biological bonding effect exists in original components during deposition, so that the oolitic particle limestone is comprehensively named as oolitic particle limestone. The other samples were identified in a similar manner, and the results are shown in Table 1.
Carbonate rock
Carbonate rocks include marlite, granolithite, marlite and granolithite, cohesin and lattice rocks and dolomites. Wherein the marmite is mainly characterized by dark gray; thin to thick layers; mainly comprises mud crystals; a mound shape; containing microorganisms; variegated, visible part of the hidden points selectively generate dolomization; has a biological perturbation characteristic; grits are visible; contains clay; cracks were visible. The marlite is characterized by a gray to dark gray color; thin to middle (<20 m); supporting a substrate; visible particles (> 10%); contains cobbles, biological debris (trilobes, mesogens and sponges) and internal debris (diameter <0.01 m). The characteristics of the marl and the granulated limestone are gray; thin (<10 m); supporting the particles; developing a laminated stone structure; like a spherical particle; containing fossil; filling the brilliant crystal cement; black asphalt, inner debris and flat pebble inner debris are contained; oolitic development is observed. Coheres and framework rocks are characterized by a brown-gray to light-gray color; is in a hill shape; some of the bacilli can be seen as coccid, microorganism, coral reef, sponge reef, and laminar-bore worm reef; no layering is caused; is porous; contains black asphalt. Dolostone mainly develops in two major categories, namely porous dolomite and nonporous dolomite, and the nonporous dolomite contains black asphalt.
Evaporite
The evaporite comprises three types of ultra-micro phases of salt rock, gypsum rock and gypsum dolomite, and is mainly characterized by light color (gray); thick layer development (>20 m); generally in block shape; no bedding development; no fossil is contained; without containing biological debris and internal debris.
Clastic rock
Clastic rocks include three types of ultrasmall phases of sandstone, siltstone and shale. The method is mainly characterized in that siltstone and sandstone are light gray, and thin layers develop (10 m); cracks and feathered staggered stratification can be seen, containing magnetite; the shale is black block, and a thick layer develops (>20 m); horizontal layering; the pencils and stones are visible. Wherein (1) MF7a is calcite-filled cemented sandstone, quartz granules are angular and have poor separation, the size of the granules is 0.1-0.8mm from medium granules, and feathered staggered layering is observed at outcrop; (2) MF7b is calcite-filled cemented siltstone, quartz particles (<0.06mm) are angular, and sorting is poor; (3) MF7c is dark shale with chalky stones visible, containing a small number of poorly sorted angular to sub-angular quartz particles, with horizontal stratification visible at the outcrop. The most common microphase is MF7a, representing 58% of all clastic rock samples. Brick red detritus deposits exposed to periods of low water levels are found at outcrops and contain magnetic minerals.
TABLE 1 Shaanganning subsurface-middle Odooduo system sedimentary facies, microphase and ultramicro facies classifications and characteristics
Plate rotational orientation determination
The plate rotates around an axis which is oblique to the earth axis, and the geographical azimuth difference formed by the motion trail under the geographical direction and the time element is called the plate rotation azimuth. The relative position of the continental rise in the past can be quantitatively judged by applying the magnetic anomaly band and the magnetic inversion history (Houquanlin, 2018). Analysis of the paleoterrestrial data or paleo-continent restoration shows that the drift motion of the slab in the long geological history years is not only manifested as huge flails in horizontal distance but also contains a constant change in the component of the ground direction, i.e. with a significant persistent rotational motion (chenchangchun, 1994).
The analysis of the ancient geographical location of the North China platform was based on the study of plate rotation in the North China platform by Zhao et al (1992) and Huang et al (1999). It is shown that in the Ordovician era, the North China platform is located at a paleo-latitude of approximately 30-35N (FIG. 4A; Zhao et al, 1992; Huang et al, 1999). In this context, ancient North of Shaangan Ningtai is 135 ° ± 15 ° (fig. 4) in the modern North east.
FIG. 4 shows the ancient geography (A) of North China platform at the Otaotan era and its rotation (B) relationship from the Otaotan era to today (modified according to ZHao et al, 1992; Huang et al, 1999).
Step two: sample collection
The step is to collect a sample containing magnetic minerals for a susceptibility anisotropy experiment, provide an experimental sample for susceptibility anisotropy data processing, and provide an effective basis for quantitatively recovering the ancient wind direction. The step comprises the contents of two aspects of definite sampling objects and outcrop positioning sampling. Wherein the definite sampling object is used for definite sediment containing magnetic minerals exposed in a low water level period capable of indicating the wind direction based on the data analyzed by a relative sea level and a sediment system. For carbonate terraces, the carbonate terraces are generally brick red siltstones; after the object has been specifically sampled, the sampling is positioned using a portable small sampling drill (model: D026-C) and an insertable orientation compass.
1. Unambiguous sampling of objects
Based on data information of field outcrop, rock core and rock slice of Shaanganning tableland and survey information of the sea plane background of Shaanganning tableland. Therefore, the following steps are carried out: (1) in the carbonate plateau region of Shangan Ning, the record of wind information does not necessarily exist in the carbonate rock sample, and the recovery of the wind field of a research area is difficult to realize; secondly, the carbonate rock sample contains a small amount of magnetic minerals, and the original arrangement direction of the magnetic minerals contained in the core sample is selected to different degrees in the core drilling process, so that the requirement of a susceptibility anisotropy experiment is not met. (2) In the region of the carbonate rock platform of Shangan Ning, more magnetic minerals exist in the clastic rock sample; brick red debris sediments exposed to the earth surface or shallow layers are formed by deposition in the low water level exposure period of the sea level, and the brick red debris sediments contain more magnetic minerals and meet the conditions of susceptibility anisotropy experiments. (3) In the Shanganning carbonate plateau region, brick red scrap sediments are distributed at four outcrops of Qinglongshan, Linnao, Xi and Sanchuan river (figure 2).
Based on the analysis of carbonate rock deposition system in Shaanganning terrains and the analysis of sea level shadow data of the terrains, it can be known that samples meeting the requirement of magnetic susceptibility anisotropy and capable of achieving expected results in the carbonate rock terrains have pertinence, and the samples need to be collected in a field in a locating way in Shaanganning terrains and brick red fragment sediments in low water level exposure periods are collected in a locating way.
2. Outcrop positioning sampling
Based on the theory analysis of sedimentology, in the region where the ancient wind is to be restored, samples are collected for brick red debris sediments exposed in the field outcrop sea level low water level period. The green dragon mountain, the unicorn, the west mouths and the four outcrops of the Sanchuan river of the Shaangan Ning carbonate rock Taidi Ordovician stratum are positioned and sampled by a portable small-sized sampling drilling machine (model: D026-C) and an insertable directional compass, and 224 ancient geomagnetic samples are obtained in total. Wherein 9 blocks were sampled at the outcrop of Qinglong mountain, 59 blocks were sampled at the outcrop of unicorn, 54 blocks were sampled at the outcrop of West , and 54 blocks were sampled at the outcrop of Sanchuan river. Each sample was a cylinder 25mm in diameter and 22mm in height.
Step three: data processing
The step is to perform a specific susceptibility anisotropy experiment and obtain an experimental result. The method comprises two aspects of experimental measurement of magnetic susceptibility anisotropy and results of the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy. Wherein, the experimental measurement of magnetic susceptibility anisotropy is to carry out preliminary treatment on the collected sample, comprising measures of washing, drying, shape treatment and the like, and the experimental measurement is carried out on the sample by utilizing a susceptibility instrument; calculating by utilizing two software of Safyr and Anisoft to obtain all parameters (Constable and Tauxe,1990) related to the ancient geomagnetism, including magnetic linearity (L), magnetic surface (F), anisotropy (P), shape factor (T) and the like, and further carrying out screening analysis on effective samples according to a sample screening and noise reduction method provided by Lagroix and Banerjee (2004) and Zhu et al (2004), and carrying out erythroplane projection and gravity center statistical analysis on the effective samples, thereby obtaining an experimental result of the anisotropy of the sample magnetic susceptibility.
1. Experimental measurement of magnetic susceptibility anisotropy
After the sample was preliminarily treated, the sample was treated with a susceptibility meter (model: HKB-1; field strength: 300A/m; field frequency: 920 Hz; power supply: alternating current 220v/110v,50/60Hz,15 w; sensitivity: 2X 10)-12m3) The measurement is performed. Each sample was measured three times along orthogonal planes.
The magnetic susceptibility anisotropy of the sample can be generally described as Kmax, Kint, Kmin, which respectively represent the long axis, the middle axis, and the short axis of the sample magnetic susceptibility anisotropy three-dimensional ellipsoid. D-Kmax, D-Kint and D-Kmin respectively represent the tendency of the long axis, the middle axis and the short axis of the anisotropy of the magnetic susceptibility of the sample; I-Kmax, I-Kint and I-Kmin respectively represent the dip angles of the long axis, the middle axis and the short axis of the sample magnetic susceptibility anisotropic three-dimensional ellipsoid. Three-dimensional ellipsoids of magnetic susceptibility anisotropy indicate the combined results of paramagnetic and diamagnetic particles (Nawrocki et al, 2018). Kmax, Kint, Kmin can characterize the susceptibility anisotropic three-dimensional ellipsoid of a sample in a number of combinations (Jelinek, 1981; Lagroix and Banerjee, 2004). The concrete parameters are as follows:
degree of magnetic line (L) ═ Kmax/Kint (1)
Magnetic face reason degree (F) ═ Kint/Kmin (2)
Degree of anisotropy (P) ═ Kmax/Kmin (3)
Shape factor (T) ═ 2 η 2- η 1- η 3)/(η 1- η 3) (4)
Wherein η 1,. eta.2,. eta.3 are ln (Kmax), ln (Kint), ln (Kmin).
The F12 and F23 parameters are used to describe magnetic physical instability and magnetic surface physical instability. Two parameters, ε 12 and ε 23, will be used to describe the confidence angles of the long axis and the medial axis by the method proposed by Lagroix and Banerjee (2004).
In Shangan Ning Tai, most samples with four outcrop show oblate three-dimensional ellipsoid magnetic structures; there is a positive correlation between the degree of magnetic susceptibility anisotropy (P) and the degree of magnetic planarity (F) (FIG. 3A), indicating that the alignment direction of magnetic minerals in the sample is mainly affected by water flow or wind (Lagroix and Banerjee, 2004; Nawrocki et al, 2018). The confidence angle of the long axis (e 12) and the magnetic tacticity (L) (fig. 3B), and the confidence angle of the central axis (e 23) and the magnetic tacticity (F) (fig. 5C) exhibit a negative correlation. At the same time, there is a lack of correlation between e 12 and magnetic facies, indicating that the magnetic line and magnetic facies may be determined by the orientation of different minerals (fig. 3C).
Fig. 3 is a graph showing the relationship among the magnetic physical degree (L), the confidence angle of the long axis (e 12), the magnetic surface physical degree (F), and the confidence angle of the central axis (e 23) of the aegaku with the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility of 59 samples. (A) The relationship between the degree of magnetic line rationality (L) and the confidence angle of the long axis (. epsilon.12); (B) a relationship between magnetic surface tacticity (F) and confidence angle of medial axis (ε 23); (C) the relationship between the magnetic face (F) and the confidence angle (e 12) of the long axis.
And (3) carrying out a declination projection on the geographical orientation of the main axis of the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy. FIG. 4A shows the projections of D-Kmax, IKmax, D-Kmin, and I-Kmin for all samples. The sample set was then screened according to the methods proposed by Lagroix and Banerjee (2004) and Zhu et al (2004) for sample screening and noise reduction, and samples with parameters satisfying F12<4 and ∈ 12>22.5 ° were removed to isolate the most significant Kmax. The confidence ratio of the middle and minimum magnetic susceptibility axes of the magnetic line was 1.0 when samples with F12<4 were rejected. After rejection of samples with ∈ 12>22.5 °, the confidence ratio of the maximum and middle magnetic susceptibility axes in the magnetic plane was 1.0. Only a few samples per outcrop meet these criteria: 4 samples in 9 samples of the green dragon mountain outcrop meet the requirement, and the effective sample accounts for 44%; 18 samples of 59 samples of the unicorn outcrop meet the requirement, and the effective sample accounts for 31 percent; 18 samples of 54 samples with west outcrop meet, and the effective sample accounts for 33%; 16 of the 54 samples of the sanchuan river outcrop met, and the effective sample accounted for 30% (fig. 4). Another parameter used in screening susceptibility anisotropy data is I-Kmin: the axis tilt angles in the three-dimensional ellipsoids with anisotropic magnetic susceptibility satisfy values of I-Kmin >70 deg., generally corresponding to undisturbed (less modified) deposits with flat magnetic texture (Lagroix and Banerjee, 2004; Nawrocki et al, 2018). Samples with F12>4,. epsilon.12 <22.5,. beta.I-Kmin >70 ℃ were screened as follows: 4 samples in 9 samples of the green dragon mountain outcrop meet the requirement, and the effective sample accounts for 44%; 16 of 59 samples of the unicorn outcrop are satisfied, and the effective sample accounts for 27%; 7 samples of 54 samples with west outcrop meet, and the effective sample accounts for 13%; 11 samples of 54 samples of the sanchuan river outcrop meet the requirement, and the effective sample accounts for 20%.
FIG. 4 is a red-horizontal projection of Shangan Ning Taidi Qinglong mountain, Linhang, Xi Kou and Sanchuan river outcrop magnetic susceptibility ellipsoids. (A) A stereographic projection of all samples at four outcrops. (B) Four outcrop screened samples (samples satisfying F)12>4,ε12<22.5°,I-Kmin>70 deg.) of a grazing projection. (C) Explaining the ancient flow direction by the four outcrop ancient geomagnetic results; the angle between the north of the ancient city and the north of the present city is from Zhao et al, 1992; huang et al, 1999.
Susceptibility anisotropy results
(1) The direction indicated by each outcrop sample was obtained from the red planogram. The samples of Qinglongshan, Linnau, West kou and san Chuan river all show a most concentrated direction in the red plano projection of the three-dimensional ellipsoid with anisotropic magnetic susceptibility after data processing: the outcrop of Qinglongshan is 4-48 degrees, the outcrop of unicorn is 347-58 degrees, the outcrop of West is 7-98 degrees, and the outcrop of Sanchuan river is 163-311 degrees (fig. 4B).
(2) The distribution of Kmax values for each outcrop screened sample was evaluated using a barycentric statistical method (calculated using Safyr or Anisoft software) to determine the direction of dominance. The barycentric statistical map only amplifies the trend change of Kmax without considering the inclination angle. The D-Kmax values for samples of Qinglongshan, Linnau, West kou and Sanchuan river outcrops were 21 °, 12 °,50 ° and 204 ° with respect to north (Table 2; FIG. 4C).
TABLE 2 mean orientation and uncertainty of the anisotropy of the outcrop magnetic susceptibility of Qinglongshan, Linnau, West Kong and san Chuan river
Abbreviations: D-Kmax is the tendency of the three-dimensional ellipsoidal magnetic susceptibility anisotropy long axis; I-Kmax is the tilt angle of the three-dimensional ellipsoidal magnetic susceptibility anisotropy long axis; D-Kint is the tendency of the anisotropy central axis of the three-dimensional ellipsoid magnetic susceptibility; I-Kint is the dip angle of the three-dimensional ellipsoid magnetic susceptibility anisotropic central axis; D-Kmin is the tendency of the minor axis of the three-dimensional ellipsoidal magnetic susceptibility anisotropy; I-Kmin is the inclination of the minor axis of the three-dimensional ellipsoid susceptibility anisotropy; exposing QL (green dragon mountain); LY, unicorn; XW is west outcrop; SC is the sanchuan river outcrop.
(3) Therefore, the magnetic susceptibility results of the four outcrop samples are as follows: the outcrop of Qinglong mountain is 21 degrees, the outcrop of unicorn is 12 degrees, the outcrop of West degrees and the outcrop of Sanchuan river is 204 degrees.
Step four: quantitative recovery of ancient wind direction
The method comprises the contents of two aspects of a magnetic susceptibility anisotropy interpretation principle and a quantitative ancient wind direction. The magnetic susceptibility anisotropy interpretation principle provides theoretical basis for determining a fluid model of a region to be recovered, namely quiet environment, unidirectional flow or bidirectional flow; the quantitative ancient wind direction is that the experimental result of the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy is combined with the interpretation principle of the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy to determine a fluid model to be recovered, and then the experimental result of the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy is combined with the rotation direction of the plate to obtain the ancient wind direction in the region to be recovered.
Principle of interpretation of magnetic susceptibility anisotropy
Magnetic susceptibility anisotropy refers to the orientation of magnetic minerals, grains or lattices in rock and their combinations, the physical essence of which is the property of magnetization that varies with direction (san francisco, 1998). The magnetic susceptibility anisotropy may be due to the non-random orientation of the crystal axes and the (non-spherical) particle external morphology in the deposit. Susceptibility anisotropy can be used to provide paleo-flow or paleo-wind direction information (Lagroix and Banerjee, 2002; Nawrocki et al, 2018). Tarling and Hrouda (1993) studies the effect of wind and water flow on the structure of magnetic particles and suggests the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy of deposits in natural systems as a function of wind or water flow strength and direction: in a still water environment, the long axes of the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy are arranged in random directions (fig. 5A); under the unidirectional flow environment, the magnetic mineral particles incline to the direction of water flow to generate a imbricated structure, and the long axes of the particles are adjusted to be in a linear arrangement parallel to and consistent with the direction of the water flow (figure 5B); in a bi-directional flow environment, the magnetic mineral particles are aligned in a uniform linear arrangement, but the direction of the major axis is perpendicular to the direction of the water flow (fig. 5C).
FIG. 5 is a theoretical model of the effect of different fluids on the alignment of magnetic minerals in a deposit (modified from Tarling and Hrouda, 1993; Zhu et al, 2004; Zhang et al, 2010). (A) in a still water environment, the long axes of the susceptibility anisotropy are arranged in random directions. (B) In a unidirectional flow environment, the magnetic mineral particles are inclined in the direction of water flow to form a shingled structure, and the long axes of the particles are aligned in a linear arrangement parallel to and coincident with the direction of water flow. (C) Under the condition of bidirectional flow, the direction of the magnetic mineral particles is in consistent linear arrangement, but the spreading direction of the long axis is vertical to the water flow direction.
Quantitative ancient wind direction
(1) As can be seen from the three-dimensional ellipsoid-erythroplanum projection diagram of the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy of each outcrop sample, the long axes of the paleogeomagnetism are spread in a concentrated direction, rather than two symmetrical directions (fig. 4B), which is most similar to the unidirectional flow model (fig. 5B), so the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy direction of the sample can be explained according to the unidirectional flow model (fig. 5B).
(2) Based on the susceptibility anisotropy unidirectional flow model (fig. 5B), the ancient wind directions recovered at different outcrops are: the outcrop of the Qinglongshan is 21 degrees or 201 degrees; the epiphora is exposed at 12 degrees or 192 degrees; the west has an outcrop of 50 degrees or 230 degrees; the outcrop of the sanchuan river is 24 degrees or 204 degrees (fig. 4B, C). The above angles are present day coordinate systems.
(3) After the north China platform is corrected by rotating 120-150 degrees clockwise (fig. 4, Zhao et al, 1992; Huang et al, 1999), it can be known that the ancient wind directions of the four outcrop positions of Qinglong mountain, unicorn, West mouth and the Sanchuan river correspond to 66 °, 57 °, 95 °, 69 °, 246 °, 237 °, 275 °, 249 °, respectively.
(4) According to ancient climate data, Shangan Ningdi Tai is located in the Beijing windband at the Ordovician period, namely, the current northeast wind is accepted, but the specific quantitative ancient wind direction is unclear. Combining the above quantitative analysis results, it can be found that the ancient wind directions of the outcrop positions of Qinglongshan, Linnau, West and Sanchuan river correspond to 66 °, 57 °, 95 ° and 69 °, respectively, and the average value is 72 °. Namely, the ancient wind direction of Shaangan Ningtai in Ordoic is 72 degrees (relative to the ancient north direction).
Claims (5)
1. A method for quantitatively recovering the ancient wind direction of a carbonate rock platform is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: defining an area and a horizon of the ancient wind direction to be recovered;
step 2: collecting samples, namely collecting samples containing magnetic minerals applied to a magnetic susceptibility anisotropy experiment, providing an experiment foundation for magnetic susceptibility anisotropy data, and providing an effective basis for quantitatively recovering the ancient wind direction;
and step 3: data processing, namely performing a specific magnetic susceptibility anisotropy experiment to obtain an experiment result and provide direct data for quantitatively recovering the ancient wind direction;
and 4, step 4: quantitatively recovering the ancient wind direction, and determining a theoretical model of the region to be recovered through an explanation principle and a magnetic susceptibility anisotropy experimental result of the region to be recovered; and the flow direction of the medium is determined by combining the experimental result of the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy with a theoretical model of the region to be recovered, and the ancient wind direction of the region to be recovered is quantitatively recovered by combining the experimental result of the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy with the rotation direction of the plate.
2. The method for quantitatively restoring the paleowind direction of a carbonate bench according to claim 1, characterized in that said step 1 comprises the following sub-steps:
step 11: defining the range of a region to be recovered, geological age and the development condition of a stratum;
step 12: sea level background investigation is carried out on the ancient wind direction region to be recovered, and the period of low water level exposure of the stratum in geological time evolution is found out;
step 13: analyzing a deposition system, performing outcrop observation and core sampling on the area to be recovered, and determining the lithofacies and the characteristics of the area to be recovered by means of field observation and microscopic slice identification;
step 14: and determining the plate rotating direction of the region to be recovered through the lithofacies and the characteristics of the recovery region.
3. The method for quantitatively restoring the paleowind direction of a carbonate bench according to claim 1, characterized in that said step 2 comprises the following sub-steps:
step 21: determination of a susceptibility anisotropic sample based on the theory of sedimentology;
step 22: under the comprehensive analysis of a sedimentation system of a region to be recovered and relative sea level background data, a sampling object is determined;
step 23: and positioning and sampling the region to be recovered of the ancient wind direction by adopting a portable small-sized sampling drilling machine with the model number of D026-C and an insertable directional compass.
4. The method for quantitatively restoring carbonate plateau paleowind direction according to claim 1, characterized in that said step 3 comprises the following sub-steps:
step 31: carrying out magnetic susceptibility anisotropy experimental measurement on the oriented sample, and carrying out three orthogonal measurements;
step 32: analyzing the measurement data, and processing the sample set according to a sample screening and noise reduction method proposed by Lagroix and Banerjee 2004 and Zhu et al (2004);
step 33: and performing red plane projection and gravity center statistical analysis on the effective sample to obtain an experimental result of the anisotropy of the sample magnetic susceptibility.
5. The method for quantitatively restoring carbonate plateau paleowind direction according to claim 1, characterized in that said step 4 comprises the following sub-steps:
step 41: explaining the explanation principle of the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy and the wind direction; and determining a theoretical model of the region to be recovered, namely the theoretical model is quiet environment, unidirectional flow or bidirectional flow.
Step 42: and determining the flowing direction of the medium, namely the air through a theoretical model of the region to be recovered and a susceptibility anisotropy experimental result.
Step 43: and quantitatively obtaining the ancient wind direction of the region to be recovered by combining the obtained medium flowing direction with the plate rotating direction.
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