CN113266869B - Real-time optimization regulation and control method of thermoelectric combined heating system based on digital twinning technology - Google Patents
Real-time optimization regulation and control method of thermoelectric combined heating system based on digital twinning technology Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
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- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of thermoelectric combined heating, and provides a real-time optimization regulation and control method of a thermoelectric combined heating system based on a digital twinning technology, wherein a five-layer thermoelectric combined heating system digital twinning platform comprising a physical equipment layer, a sensing layer, a data processing layer, a data transmission layer and an operation decision layer is built on the basis of the digital twinning technology; constructing a digital twin model of the combined heat and power heating system by using a thermoelectric simulation method and deploying the digital twin model in a digital twin platform; the device comprises a digital twin platform simulation result, a sensor, a heat and power generation unit, a plant-level electric heating pump, an electricity storage unit, a heat storage unit, a circulating water pump and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of thermoelectric combined heating, in particular to a real-time optimization regulation and control method of a thermoelectric combined heating system based on a digital twinning technology.
Background
With the rapid development of the Chinese economic level, the consumption of energy is increased day by day, and for a long time, the energy structure of China is mainly fossil energy, wherein coal occupies most of the fossil energy structure. The energy structure mainly using coal produces a large amount of carbon emission in the production process, so that the greenhouse gas is increased, and the greenhouse effect is intensified. In order to solve the problem of carbon emission and realize rapid development under a new form with high quality and high level sustainability, China proposes the development targets of '30 and 60', strives for 2030 year carbon emission peak reaching, and realizes overall carbon neutralization in 2060 year. Therefore, on one hand, a development road of green renewable energy sources except fossil energy sources needs to be vigorously explored, and the potential of the green energy sources needs to be exploited and fully utilized; on the other hand, it is necessary to enhance management of energy consumption, reduce energy consumption from the demand side by putting energy conservation into practice.
The northern area of China is influenced by the environment, and most areas in winter need to be heated in a central heating mode so as to maintain the normal development of production and life of residents. In consideration of the huge heating area in the northern area of China, a large amount of energy is consumed for the annual central heating. In order to save energy and reduce carbon emission, most regions select a Combined Heat and Power (CHP) unit as a main Heat source to construct a combined Heat and Power heating system, fully utilize the characteristic of coupling and complementation of Heat energy and electric energy, and simultaneously bear the Heat load and the electric load of a region.
The combined heat and power heating system is a heat supply-power generation integrated system which utilizes the energy cascade relation to carry out integrated regulation and control on a heat supply process and a power generation process. The system mainly comprises a cogeneration unit at the plant side, a plant-level electric heat pump, a heat exchange initial station and other equipment; the system comprises a primary heat supply network, a secondary heat exchange station, a secondary heat supply network and the like on the network side and heat users. The basic principle is to utilize different qualities of heat in a layered and gradient manner. The high-grade heat with higher temperature and larger available energy is used for generating electricity, and the low-grade heat with lower temperature and smaller available energy is used for heating, so that the high-grade heat-generating system has good economic benefit.
The combined heat and power heating system faces a new problem after green energy is introduced in a large scale, and because the dependence of the generated energy of the green energy such as wind power and photovoltaic power generation on the climate environment is quite serious, and the climate environment belongs to a basically uncontrollable range of human beings, the generated energy of the green energy such as the wind power and photovoltaic power generation has the characteristics of uncertainty and intermittence. In order to keep the operation of the power grid safe and stable, when large-scale intermittent green energy is accessed, a flexible and controllable fossil energy generator set is required to be matched with the power grid to operate. However, the heating task of these units limits the exertion of their flexibility, resulting in the generation of "fix the power with heat" phenomenon, so that intermittent green energy sources such as wind power, photovoltaic power generation, etc. cannot be fully utilized.
Meanwhile, the combined heat and power heating system is in a rough management operation mode for a long time, and the adjustment of the system depends on subjective experience summarized by operators for a long time. The operation personnel 'burn out in the sky', the thermoelectric combined heating system is regulated and controlled according to the air temperature, the seasonal characteristic is obvious in the whole heating period, the integral energy consumption of the system is higher due to the lack of careful monitoring and regulating and controlling means, and the difference exists between the integral energy consumption and the low-carbon efficient operation target.
Disclosure of Invention
The prior art has the following defects:
the existing thermoelectric combined heating system mainly adopts manual experience to manage and regulate, a large number of sensing devices are lacked at the side of a heat supply network, the working state of the heat supply network at a user end cannot be sensed, and a closed loop cannot be formed by regulation and control. Under the extensive regulation mode, the heat supply network at the user side has the phenomena of heat supply imbalance and uneven cold and heat, and in order to ensure that the indoor temperature of all users reaches the national standard, the basic heat supply can be improved on a large scale, but the energy consumption of the integral heat and power combined heating system is increased, and the future development trend of reducing carbon emission is not in accordance with.
The conventional combined heating and power system cannot meet the development direction of large-scale intermittent green energy access to a power grid, the flexibility of a rough regulation and control mode is extremely low, the traditional regulation and control method according to the experience of operators is usually used for regulating and controlling in a single day or even longer time scale, and the regulation and control requirements of the latter hour or even minute after the intermittent green energy access are not matched. The existing regulation and control mode limits a cogeneration unit to operate in a mode of 'fixing power by heat', the flexibility loss of the generated energy caused by the influence of heat load is serious, and the intermittent green energy power generation state which is changed rapidly cannot be responded, so that the phenomenon of 'wind abandoning and light abandoning' is caused, and unnecessary waste is caused to the energy.
The invention aims to overcome at least one of the defects of the prior art, and provides a real-time optimization regulation and control method of a thermoelectric combined heating system based on a digital twin technology, wherein a five-layer thermoelectric combined heating system digital twin platform comprising a physical equipment layer, a sensing layer, a data processing layer, a data transmission layer and an operation decision layer is built based on the digital twin technology; constructing a digital twin model of the combined heat and power heating system by using a thermoelectric simulation method and deploying the digital twin model in a digital twin platform; the method has the advantages that the interior of the combined heat and power heating system is regulated and controlled according to the simulation result of the digital twin platform and data collected by the sensor, and the problems that the combined heat and power heating system depends on experience regulation and is extensive in management and intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaic power generation are not fully utilized are solved.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a real-time optimization regulation and control method of a thermoelectric combined heating system based on a digital twinning technology comprises the following steps:
s1, building a digital twin platform of the combined heat and power heating system, wherein the digital twin platform is used for information interaction between a digital twin model of the combined heat and power heating system and a physical equipment entity of the combined heat and power heating system;
s2, constructing a digital twin model of the combined heat and power heating system based on the operation data of the physical equipment entity of the combined heat and power heating system;
s3, placing the digital twin model of the combined heat and power heating system constructed in the step S2 on a digital twin platform of the combined heat and power heating system constructed in the step S1; on the premise of ensuring the heating demand of a user, the lowest carbon emission of the combined heat and power heating system is taken as an optimization target, based on the predicted heat load and intermittent renewable energy source prediction data, the digital twin model of the combined heat and power heating system constructed in the step S2 is utilized to carry out optimization solution, and the combined heat and power heating system is optimized and controlled in real time according to the solution result;
wherein, the steps S1 and S2 have no sequence.
As a specific implementation manner, in step S1, the digital twin platform includes a physical device layer, a sensing layer, a data processing layer, a data transmission layer, and an operation decision layer;
the physical equipment layer comprises a wind power plant, a photovoltaic power station, a pumping and condensing cogeneration unit, a plant-level electric heat pump, a heat storage device, an electricity storage device, a heat exchange primary station, a primary heat network, a secondary heat exchange station, a secondary heat network, a heat user indoor radiator (comprising matched components such as a variable frequency pump and the like) and corresponding control equipment;
the sensing layer comprises a data acquisition system and a distribution control system; the data acquisition system acquires node data information of the physical equipment layer, and the distribution control system receives an operation regulation and control instruction from the data processing layer and issues the operation regulation and control instruction to corresponding equipment of the physical equipment layer;
the data processing layer receives node data information of the physical equipment layer acquired by the sensing layer, performs data preprocessing, screens out abnormal data and then eliminates the abnormal data, and the screened data are compressed and encoded and then uploaded to the data transmission layer; meanwhile, the data processing layer receives an operation regulation and control instruction from the data transmission layer, decodes the operation regulation and control instruction and then sends the decoded operation regulation and control instruction to the perception layer;
the data transmission layer is used for transmitting data between the data processing layer and the operation decision layer in a communication mode combining wired transmission and wireless transmission;
the operation decision layer comprises a server and a display; and the server receives the information of the data transmission layer, operates the digital twin model of the combined heating system, compares the obtained simulated operation result with the node data information of the physical equipment layer, corrects the operation deviation of the digital twin model of the combined heating system, obtains a real-time optimization regulation and control plan meeting carbon emission minimization according to the simulated operation result of the digital twin model of the combined heating system, and issues the real-time optimization regulation and control plan to the data transmission layer.
As a specific implementation manner, the data transmission layer performs serial port communication on a pumping and condensing type cogeneration unit, a plant-level electric heat pump, a heat storage device, an electricity storage device and a heat exchange first station on a plant side corresponding to the data processing layer by using an industrial ethernet; and the data transmission layer is used for communicating the primary heat supply network, the secondary heat exchange station, the secondary heat supply network and the indoor heat radiator of the heat user corresponding to the data processing layer in a wireless transmission mode.
As a specific implementation manner, in step S2, constructing the digital twin model of the cogeneration system specifically includes:
s2.1, establishing a cogeneration unit model at the plant side of the combined heat and power heating system:
the model of the jth extraction condensing type cogeneration unit is as follows:
(1) in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
for the minimum generating capacity of the jth extraction condensing type combined heat and power generation unit in the safe operation,
for the jth cogeneration unit to run safely with the maximum power generation,
is the actual generated energy measured value of the jth extraction condensing type combined heat and power generation unit,
the method comprises the steps that a binary zone bit is an operation state binary zone bit of a jth extraction condensing cogeneration unit, the zone bit value is 0 when the cogeneration unit is in a shutdown state, the zone bit value is 1 when the cogeneration unit is in a startup state, a lower corner mark t marks that the jth cogeneration unit operates or is shut down at a time t, and the unit of the t is second, so that the condition that the refreshing time of the jth extraction condensing cogeneration unit is consistent with that of a digital twin system is ensured, namely the jth extraction condensing cogeneration unit refreshes once per second; (1) the formula ensures that the generating capacity of the jth extraction condensing type cogeneration unit is in a safe and reasonable unit capacity interval;
(2) in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
shows the difference value of the generated energy of the extraction condensing type cogeneration unit in the adjacent unit cycle time,
is the maximum value of the climbing amplitude of the extraction condensing type cogeneration unit in the safe operation state,
is the maximum value of the generated energy climbing amplitude when the extraction condensing type combined heat and power generation unit is started from a closed state,
the starting binary flag bit of the extraction and condensation type cogeneration unit is 1 when the extraction and condensation type cogeneration unit is started from a closed state, and is 0 when the extraction and condensation type cogeneration unit is started from a closed state; (2) the formula ensures that the climbing amplitude of the jth extraction condensing cogeneration unit does not exceed the unit design limit and the load change is reasonable;
(3) in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the maximum value of the landslide amplitude of the extraction condensing type cogeneration unit in the safe operation state,
is the maximum value of the power generation amount landslide amplitude when the extraction condensing type combined heat and power generation unit is closed from the starting state,
the shutdown binary flag bit is a shutdown binary flag bit of the extraction and condensation type cogeneration unit, the shutdown binary flag bit of the extraction and condensation type cogeneration unit is 1 from a startup state, otherwise, the shutdown binary flag bit is 0; (3) the formula forms landslide restraint of the extraction condensing cogeneration unit;
the electricity-heat coupling relation of the extraction condensing type cogeneration unit is as follows:
(4) in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the generating power of the extraction condensing type cogeneration unit,
heating power alpha for extraction condensing cogeneration unitchp,maxThe maximum value of the thermoelectric ratio of the extraction condensing type cogeneration unit is obtained;
s2.2, establishing a thermoelectric simulation model of the primary heat supply network water supply inlet temperature rising equipment:
in formula (5): t isinSupply water temperature To primary heating network of heating networkutThe return water temperature of the primary heating network of the heating network, the rise value of the temperature at the water supply inlet of the delta T primary heating network, Q is the heat energy obtained by hot water at the water supply inlet of the primary heating network, HHPFor heat energy produced by plant-level electric heat pumps, HCHPFor heat energy produced by extraction-condensation cogeneration units, GuThe heat capacity flow of the return water in the primary heat network of the heating network is obtained by taking the heating capacity, the return water temperature of the heat network and the heat capacity flow of the electric heat pump and the cogeneration unit as input and taking the water supply temperature of the heat network as output in the formula (5);
s2.3, constructing a heating network thermoelectric simulation model:
in the formula: p is water pressure in Pa; gxIs the acceleration of gravity, with the unit of m/s2(ii) a x is a space coordinate with the unit of m; rho is the fluid density in kg/m3(ii) a u is the velocity in the x direction in m/s. t is a time coordinate with the unit of s; fwIs wall friction in units of N; h is specific enthalpy of fluid, and the unit is kJ/kg; qwIs the wall surface heat flow with the unit of W/m2。
As a specific implementation manner, the specific steps of step S3 are:
s3.1, the digital twin model of the combined heating and power system continuously operates in the server in a second level, continuously receives node data measured values from a physical equipment layer of the data transmission layer, compares the node data measured values with node data analog values obtained by calculation of the digital twin model of the combined heating and power system, and executes the next operation calculation if the deviation is within a set range; if the deviation exceeds the set range, correcting the digital twin model of the combined heat and power heating system according to the deviation, and ensuring that the digital twin model of the combined heat and power heating system is close to the equipment entity of the physical equipment layer to run synchronously;
s3.2, constructing an objective function to perform real-time optimization regulation and control on the combined heat and power heating system by taking the minimum carbon emission of the combined heat and power heating system as a target, wherein the objective function is as follows:
in the formula: kappa is a scene set of a predicted value of the power generation amount of wind power and photovoltaic power generation,
for extracting and condensing type thermoelectric couplingThe carbon emission generated by the starting of the production unit,
the exhaust of the generated carbon is closed for the extraction condensing type cogeneration unit,
the minimum carbon emission is obtained when the extraction and condensation type cogeneration unit is in the running state, and Q (y, xi) is the carbon emission generated by the fuel corresponding to the fuel consumed by the generated energy of the extraction and condensation type cogeneration unit; y is
The set of the three variables, and xi is the power generation power concentrated in the scene of the power generation amount of wind power and photovoltaic power generation;
and S3.3, solving the objective function determined in the step S3.2 according to the short-term predicted value of the generated energy of the wind power and the photovoltaic power generation and the real-time operation result of the digital twin model of the combined heat and power system, and determining an operation regulation and control plan with the minimum carbon emission of the combined heat and power system according to the solved result.
As a specific implementation manner, step S3 further includes:
s3.4, submitting the optimized operation regulation and control plan to an operator for auditing through a display by the operation decision layer, and issuing the optimized operation regulation and control plan by the operation decision layer after the operator audits; the optimized operation regulation plan reaches a sensing layer after passing through a data transmission layer and a data processing layer; and performing control action on the physical equipment entity of the physical equipment layer by a distributed control system deployed on the perception layer.
As a specific implementation manner, in step S3.3, the operation regulation plan includes: the electric power and the thermal power of the extraction and condensation type cogeneration unit, the electric power and the thermal power of the plant-level electric heat pump, and the flow speed and the opening state of the circulating water pump and various valves.
As a specific implementation manner, the node data information of the physical device layer includes: pressure, flow, temperature of the heating medium; the opening degree and the action direction of the valve; the operating power of the variable frequency pump; capacity status of the heat storage device and the electricity storage device; the thermal power and the electric power of the pumping and condensing cogeneration unit and the plant-level electric heat pump; the comprehensive temperature of the outdoor environment (the comprehensive temperature of the outdoor environment is an academic general definition, the combined action of the building enclosure structure, the convection heat exchange of outdoor air and the reception of solar radiation is calculated as an outdoor meteorological parameter, and the calculation is equal to the temperature of the outer surface of the enclosure structure plus the equivalent temperature of the solar radiation); the actual temperature of the heat sink inlet.
As a specific implementation manner, the method for preprocessing data by the data processing layer is as follows: and identifying abnormal measurement data which do not conform to the conventional value range through a historical database and logic judgment planning, deleting the abnormal measurement data, and replacing the abnormal measurement data with the measurement data of the nearest measurement sensor.
The invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which comprises instructions that, when run on a computer, cause the computer to execute the real-time optimal regulation and control method of the combined heat and power heating system based on the digital twinning technology.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention establishes a five-layer digital twin platform of the combined heat and power heating system, establishes a digital twin model of the combined heat and power heating system, deploys the digital twin model on the digital twin platform, and performs analog operation by taking the second level as a unit, thereby effectively solving the problems that the original combined heat and power heating system lacks a closed-loop control means, and the regulation and control depend on manual experience, so that the uneven cold and heat energy consumption is higher. Through faster regulation and control frequency, match the change that intermittent type nature green energy was exerted oneself, green energy such as wind-powered electricity generation, photovoltaic power generation that can be better utilizes.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a digital twin platform of a cogeneration system in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic overall flow chart of a real-time optimization regulation and control method of a thermoelectric combined heating system based on a digital twinning technology according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that technical features or combinations of technical features described in the following embodiments should not be considered as being isolated, and they may be combined with each other to achieve better technical effects. In the drawings of the embodiments described below, the same reference numerals appearing in the respective drawings denote the same features or components, and may be applied to different embodiments.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a real-time optimization regulation and control method of a thermoelectric combined heating system based on a digital twinning technology, which comprises the following steps:
s1, building a five-layer thermoelectric combined heating system digital twin platform comprising a physical equipment layer, a sensing layer, a data processing layer, a data transmission layer and an operation decision layer based on a digital twin technology; the digital twin platform is a platform for deploying a digital twin model, and the digital twin model and a physical entity information interaction channel of the combined heating and power system; the digital twin platform is operated and calculated at time intervals of second level, key parameters of operation of the combined heat and power heating system are obtained from a physical entity, simulation operation of the digital twin model is carried out according to the key parameters, a simulation operation result is analyzed to carry out real-time optimization regulation, and a regulation and control scheme is implemented on the physical entity of the combined heat and power heating system through a Distributed Control System (DCS);
preferably, step S1 specifically includes:
s1.1, a physical equipment layer of a digital twin platform of the combined heat and power heating system is built, the physical equipment layer comprises a wind power plant, a photovoltaic power station, a pumping type cogeneration unit, a plant-level electric heat pump, a heat storage device, an electricity storage device, a heat exchange initial station, a primary heat network, a secondary heat exchange station, a secondary heat network, a heat user indoor radiator, matched components such as a variable frequency pump and the like and corresponding control equipment, and a heat source-heat storage-heat network-heat load coordinated working system is formed.
S1.2, a sensing layer of a digital twin platform of the combined heat and power heating system is built. The sensing layer provides a functional architecture of two parts of Data Acquisition and distribution control based on a Data Acquisition System (DAS) and a Distributed Control System (DCS). The data acquisition system acquires S11 key node data information of a physical equipment layer of the digital twin platform of the thermoelectric combined heating system, including pressure, flow and temperature of a heating medium, opening and action directions of a valve, running power of an electric pump and a variable frequency pump, capacity states of a heat storage device and an electricity storage device, thermal power and electric power of a pumping and condensing cogeneration unit and a plant-level electric heat pump, comprehensive temperature of outdoor environment and actual temperature of a radiator inlet of a heat user. And meanwhile, the real-time generated energy data and the short-term predicted generated energy data at the next moment are collected for the wind power plant and the photovoltaic power station. And the distribution control system receives operation regulation and control plan data transmitted from an upper data processing layer and enables each actuator to act according to the operation plan.
S1.3, a data processing layer of a digital twin platform of the combined heat and power heating system is built. The data processing layer receives key node data information of the physical equipment layer collected by the sensing layer and preprocesses the data. And the data processing layer screens and identifies the data through a historical database and a logic judgment rule, identifies the measurement data which do not conform to the conventional value range, deletes the data and replaces the data with the measurement data of the nearest measurement sensor. And carrying out compression coding on the screened data, and uploading the data to a data transmission layer for transmission. And meanwhile, receiving an operation regulation and control plan instruction from the data transmission layer, decoding the operation regulation and control plan instruction and then sending the decoded operation regulation and control plan instruction to the perception layer.
S1.4, a data transmission layer of a digital twin platform of the combined heat and power heating system is built. Aiming at the characteristics of large coverage area and high transmission requirement of a combined heat and power heating system, a data transmission layer is constructed by adopting a method of combining a wired transmission network and a wireless transmission network. Aiming at physical equipment such as a pumping and condensing type cogeneration unit, a plant-level electric heat pump, a heat storage device, an electricity storage device, a heat exchange head station and the like on a plant side, because the positions of the physical equipment are relatively concentrated, the requirement on network safety is strong, and the requirement on signal real-time performance is high, the industrial Ethernet is adopted for wired serial port communication. The heat exchange system is used for physical equipment such as a primary heat supply network, a secondary heat exchange station, a secondary heat supply network and an inlet of an indoor radiator of a heat user. Due to the fact that the range is scattered, the number of sensor nodes is large, the wireless transmission method is adopted for communication, and the requirements of data acquisition frequency and field conditions are met.
S1.5, establishing an operation decision layer of a digital twin platform of the combined heat and power heating system. The operation decision layer comprises a server device heating power combined heating system digital twin model for deployment, and a display serving as an external device for interaction with operators. The operation decision layer receives lower layer data from the data transmission layer, compares the lower layer key node measurement data with simulation operation data of a digital twin model of the combined heating and power system, corrects operation deviation of the digital twin model, calculates a real-time optimization regulation and control plan with minimized carbon emission according to a simulation operation result of the digital twin model, and sends the plan to the data transmission layer.
And S2, constructing a digital twin model of the combined heat and power heating system based on the physical structure of the combined heat and power heating system, and deploying the digital twin model on the digital twin platform of the combined heat and power heating system in S1. The digital twin model of the combined heat and power heating system comprises a digital twin model of a combined heat and power generation unit, a digital twin model of a plant-level electric heat pump, a digital twin model of a heat storage device and a digital twin model of a regional heat supply network; in order to respond to the change frequency of the intermittent green energy, improve the regulation and control frequency of the combined heat and power heating system and fully excavate the coupling relation between heat energy and electric energy, a digital twin model of the combined heat and power heating system is established by adopting a thermoelectric analogy method, and the potential, the resistance and the like of a green energy power generation part are unified by adopting a thermal potential, a thermal resistance, a thermal capacity flow and other description modeling methods, so that the combined heat and power heating system can fully utilize the intermittent green energy and reduce the whole carbon emission of the system;
preferably, the specific method of step S2 is:
s2.1, constructing a cogeneration unit model at the plant side of the cogeneration system, taking the jth cogeneration unit as an example, assuming that the cogeneration unit is a condensing cogeneration unit, performing steam extraction for heating through the last stage of a middle pressure cylinder, performing high-temperature steam extraction through a heat exchange initial station to reheat return water at the cold end of a primary heat supply network, changing the heat supply proportion by adjusting the steam extraction amount, and constructing the jth condensing cogeneration unit according to key equipment parameters of the condensing cogeneration unit by:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
for the minimum generating capacity of the safe operation of the extraction condensing type cogeneration unit,
for the maximum power generation amount of the safe operation of the cogeneration unit,
is the actual generated energy measured value of the extraction condensing type combined heat and power generation unit,
for the binary zone bit of the operation state of the extraction condensing cogeneration unit, the value of the zone bit is 0 when the cogeneration unit is in the shutdown state, the value of the zone bit is 1 when the cogeneration unit is in the startup state, and the lower corner mark t identifies the unit cycle time when the cogeneration unit operates or shuts down in a time interval t, which is consistent with the unit cycle time of the digital twin system. The restriction ensures that the generating capacity of the extraction condensing type cogeneration unit is in a safe and reasonable unit capacity interval.
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
shows the difference value of the generated energy of the extraction condensing type cogeneration unit in the adjacent unit cycle time,
is the maximum value of the climbing amplitude of the extraction condensing type cogeneration unit in the safe operation state,
is the maximum value of the generated energy climbing amplitude when the extraction condensing type combined heat and power generation unit is started from a closed state,
the starting binary flag bit of the extraction and condensation type cogeneration unit is 1 when the extraction and condensation type cogeneration unit is started from a closed state, and otherwise, the starting binary flag bit is 0. The restriction ensures that the extraction condensing type cogeneration unit is in a safe and reasonable climbing region.
considering that the cogeneration unit is an extraction condensing unit, the extraction of steam from the last stage of the intermediate pressure cylinder is performed, and the heat of the high-temperature extraction of steam is used for heating, so that the electricity-heat coupling relationship of the extraction condensing cogeneration unit is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the generating power of the extraction condensing type cogeneration unit,
heating power alpha for extraction condensing cogeneration unitchp,maxThe maximum value of the thermoelectric ratio of the extraction condensing type cogeneration unit.
S2.2, a heating equipment model is established, the heat energy source in the combined heat and power heating system is divided into two parts, the two parts comprise heat production of a pumping and condensing type cogeneration unit and heat production of a plant-level electric heat pump, the pumping and condensing type cogeneration unit generates heat while generating electricity, and the plant-level electric heat pump utilizes the residual electric energy to generate heat by applying a Carnot cycle principle. In order to effectively realize the storage of heat and guarantee the continuous and stable transmission of heat, a heat storage device is installed. The heat storage device is arranged near the extraction condensing type cogeneration and consists of a large water storage tank with heat insulation materials and related components. The heat produced by the extraction-condensation type cogeneration unit and the heat produced by the plant-level electric heat pump are used for heating hot water in the heat storage device through the internal pipeline, and then the hot water is used for heating cold end return water of the primary heat network of the heating system. Through the design of the heat storage device, the heat transfer process can be buffered, the water supply temperature of the primary heat supply network is kept stable, and the fluctuation characteristic of the primary heat supply network is eliminated. The thermoelectric simulation model of this section is as follows:
in the formula: t isinSupply water temperature, T, for a primary heating network of a heating networkoutReturn water for primary heating network of heating networkTemperature, HHPFor heat energy produced by plant-level electric heat pumps, HCHPFor heat energy produced by extraction-condensation cogeneration units, GuThe heat capacity flow of the return water in the primary heat network of the heating network is provided. The heat quantity of the electric heat pump and the cogeneration unit, the return water temperature of the heat supply network and the heat capacity flow are used as input to obtain the water supply temperature of the heat supply network as output;
in the formula: hlossThe temperature T of hot water in the heat storage device is used as heat lost by airwAnd the ambient temperature ToThe ratio of the temperature difference to the thermal resistance of the air heat loss is obtained. DEHIs the overall heat capacity, P, of the heat storage deviceHPThe electric power required by the heat production of the plant-level electric heat pump.
And S2.3, constructing a heating network model, wherein the heating network model comprises a primary heat supply network model, a secondary heat exchange station model, a secondary heat supply network model, a heat user indoor radiator model and the like. The heating network model consists of a heating medium momentum conservation equation, a heating medium energy conservation equation and a heating medium mass conservation equation, and a thermoelectric simulation model of the regional heating network can be obtained by deducting the conservation equations:
in the formula: p is pressure in Pa; gxIs the acceleration of gravity, with the unit of m/s2(ii) a x is a space coordinate with the unit of m; rho is the fluid density in kg/m3(ii) a u is the velocity in the x direction in m/s. t is a time coordinate with the unit of s; fwIs the wall friction in N. h is specific enthalpy of fluid, and the unit is kJ/kg; qwIs the wall surface heat flow with the unit of W/m2。
S3, performing real-time optimization regulation and control with the aim of minimum carbon emission of the system as the target, deploying the digital twin model of the combined heat and power heating system constructed in the step S2 on the five-layer combined heat and power heating system digital twin platform constructed in the step S2, predicting heat load and intermittent renewable energy prediction data based on meteorological data under the condition that the indoor temperature of a user reaches the national standard, considering the running state and the output range of equipment, making an effective output plan, performing real-time optimization regulation and control on the combined heat and power heating system, and ensuring efficient and stable running of the system.
Preferably, step S3 specifically includes:
and S3.1, deploying the digital twin model of the combined heat and power heating system established in the step S2 in the server equipment in the operation decision layer in the digital twin platform of the combined heat and power heating system described in the step S1.5, wherein the digital twin model continuously operates in the server equipment by taking the second level as a unit. The digital twin model receives a lower-layer key node data measured value from the data transmission layer once per second, compares the key node data measured value from the physical entity of the combined thermoelectric heating system with a key node data analog value obtained by calculation of the digital twin model, continues to execute the next operation calculation if no deviation exists, and corrects the digital twin model according to the magnitude of the deviation value if no deviation exists, so that the data twin model can synchronously operate close to the physical entity, and data accuracy support is provided for the next real-time optimization regulation and control.
And S3.2, constructing an objective function to perform real-time optimization regulation and control on the combined heat and power heating system by taking the minimum carbon emission of the combined heat and power heating system as an objective. The objective function is as follows:
in the formula: kappa is a scene set of a predicted value of the power generation amount of wind power and photovoltaic power generation,
carbon emission generated by starting the extraction condensing type cogeneration unit,
the exhaust of the generated carbon is closed for the extraction condensing type cogeneration unit,
and Q (y, xi) is carbon emission generated corresponding to fuel consumed by the power generation amount of the extraction and condensation type cogeneration unit.
And S3.3, performing real-time optimized regulation and control by taking the objective function of S3.2 as a target according to the synchronous operation result of the digital twin model of the combined heat and power heating system of S31 by the operation decision layer, and determining an operation regulation and control plan with the minimum carbon emission of the combined heat and power heating system according to the short-term predicted value of the generated energy of wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation. The operation regulation and control plan comprises operation states of the pumping and condensing cogeneration unit and the plant-level electric heat pump and flow speed and opening states of the circulating water pump and various valves, wherein the operation states of the pumping and condensing cogeneration unit and the plant-level electric heat pump comprise corresponding electric power and thermal power. And the operation decision layer submits the operation regulation and control plan to an operator for auditing through the display, and the operation decision layer issues the operation regulation and control plan after the operator audits. The operation regulation plan reaches the perception layer after passing through the data transmission layer and the data processing layer. And a Distributed Control System (DCS) deployed on the sensing layer performs actions of related components, so that a physical entity of the combined heat and power heating system located on the physical equipment layer is controlled to operate according to an operation regulation and control plan.
The invention establishes a five-layer digital twin platform of a combined heat and power heating system, which comprises a physical equipment layer, a sensing layer, a data processing layer, a data transmission layer and an operation decision layer, wherein information interaction is carried out between a physical entity and a digital twin model according to the second level; a digital twin model of the combined heat and power heating system is built and deployed on a digital twin platform, and the digital twin model can synchronously run with a physical entity; performing real-time optimization regulation and control according to a simulation operation result of the digital twin model and a key node data measured value of a physical entity by taking the minimum carbon emission as a target, and making an operation regulation and control plan; the problem that the prior thermoelectric combined heating system lacks a closed-loop control means and depends on manual experience to adjust and control, so that the uneven cold and hot energy consumption is higher is effectively solved; the problem of wind-powered electricity generation, photovoltaic power generation and other intermittent renewable energy source utilize inadequately is solved.
While several embodiments of the present invention have been presented herein, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made to the embodiments herein without departing from the spirit of the invention. The above examples are merely illustrative and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A real-time optimization regulation and control method of a thermoelectric combined heating system based on a digital twinning technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, building a digital twin platform of the combined heat and power heating system, wherein the digital twin platform is used for information interaction between a digital twin model of the combined heat and power heating system and a physical equipment entity of the combined heat and power heating system;
s2, constructing a digital twin model of the combined heat and power heating system based on the operation data of the physical equipment entity of the combined heat and power heating system;
s3, placing the digital twin model of the combined heat and power heating system constructed in the step S2 on a digital twin platform of the combined heat and power heating system constructed in the step S1; on the premise of ensuring the heating demand of a user, the lowest carbon emission of the combined heat and power heating system is taken as an optimization target, based on the predicted heat load and intermittent renewable energy source prediction data, the digital twin model of the combined heat and power heating system constructed in the step S2 is utilized to carry out optimization solution, and the combined heat and power heating system is optimized and controlled in real time according to the solution result;
wherein, the steps S1 and S2 have no sequence;
in step S1, the digital twin platform includes a physical device layer, a sensing layer, a data processing layer, a data transmission layer, and an operation decision layer;
the physical equipment layer comprises a wind power plant at a plant side, a photovoltaic power station, a pumping and condensing cogeneration unit, a plant-level electric heat pump, a heat storage device, an electricity storage device, a heat exchange primary station, a primary heat network, a secondary heat exchange station, a secondary heat network, a heat user indoor radiator and corresponding control equipment;
the sensing layer comprises a data acquisition system and a distribution control system; the data acquisition system acquires node data information of the physical equipment layer, and the distribution control system receives an operation regulation and control instruction from the data processing layer and issues the operation regulation and control instruction to corresponding equipment of the physical equipment layer;
the data processing layer receives node data information of the physical equipment layer acquired by the sensing layer, performs data preprocessing, screens out abnormal data and then eliminates the abnormal data, and the screened data are compressed and encoded and then uploaded to the data transmission layer; meanwhile, the data processing layer receives an operation regulation and control instruction from the data transmission layer, decodes the operation regulation and control instruction and then sends the decoded operation regulation and control instruction to the perception layer;
the data transmission layer is used for transmitting data between the data processing layer and the operation decision layer in a communication mode combining wired transmission and wireless transmission;
the operation decision layer comprises a server and a display; the server receives the information of the data transmission layer, operates the digital twin model of the combined heating system, compares the obtained simulation operation result with the node data information of the physical equipment layer, corrects the operation deviation of the digital twin model of the combined heating system, obtains a real-time optimization regulation and control plan meeting carbon emission minimization according to the simulation operation result of the digital twin model of the combined heating system, and sends the real-time optimization regulation and control plan to the data transmission layer;
in step S2, constructing the digital twin model of the cogeneration system specifically includes:
s2.1, establishing a cogeneration unit model at the plant side of the combined heat and power heating system:
the model of the jth extraction condensing type cogeneration unit is as follows:
(1) in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
for the minimum generating capacity of the jth extraction condensing type combined heat and power generation unit in the safe operation,
the maximum power generation amount for the operation safety of the jth extraction condensing type combined heat and power generation unit,
is the actual generated energy measured value of the jth extraction condensing type combined heat and power generation unit,
the binary zone bit is the running state binary zone bit of the jth extraction condensing type cogeneration unit at the moment t, the zone bit value is 0 when the cogeneration unit is in the shutdown state, the zone bit value is 1 when the cogeneration unit is in the startup state, and the lower corner mark t marks that the jth cogeneration unit runs or shuts down at the moment t, NchpIs the set of all the extraction condensing cogeneration units, T isThe running time range of the digital twin system is within the range of the unit capacity, and the formula (1) ensures that the generating capacity of the jth extraction and condensation type cogeneration unit is within the safe and reasonable unit capacity range;
(2) in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
shows the difference value of the generated energy of the extraction condensing type cogeneration unit in the adjacent unit cycle time,
is the maximum value of the climbing amplitude of the extraction condensing type cogeneration unit in the safe operation state,
is the maximum value of the generated energy climbing amplitude when the extraction condensing type combined heat and power generation unit is started from a closed state,
the starting binary flag bit of the extraction and condensation type cogeneration unit is 1 when the extraction and condensation type cogeneration unit is started from a closed state, and is 0 when the extraction and condensation type cogeneration unit is started from a closed state; (2) the formula ensures that the climbing amplitude of the jth extraction condensing cogeneration unit does not exceed the unit design limit and the load change is reasonable;
(3) in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the maximum value of the landslide amplitude of the extraction condensing type cogeneration unit in the safe operation state,
is the maximum value of the power generation amount landslide amplitude when the extraction condensing type combined heat and power generation unit is closed from the starting state,
the shutdown binary flag bit is a shutdown binary flag bit of the extraction and condensation type cogeneration unit, the shutdown binary flag bit of the extraction and condensation type cogeneration unit is 1 from a startup state, otherwise, the shutdown binary flag bit is 0;
(3) the formula forms landslide restraint of the extraction condensing cogeneration unit;
the electricity-heat coupling relation of the extraction condensing type cogeneration unit is as follows:
(4) in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the generating power of the extraction condensing type cogeneration unit,
heating power alpha for extraction condensing cogeneration unitchp,maxThe maximum value of the thermoelectric ratio of the extraction condensing type cogeneration unit is obtained;
s2.2, establishing a thermoelectric simulation model of the primary heat supply network water supply inlet temperature rising equipment:
in formula (5): t isinSupply water temperature, T, for a primary heating network of a heating networkoutThe temperature of the return water of the primary heat supply network of the heating network, delta T is the temperature rise value of the water supply inlet of the primary heat supply network, Q is the heat energy obtained by hot water at the water supply inlet of the primary heat supply network, HHPFor heat energy produced by plant-level electric heat pumps, HCHPIs made of a pumping condensing type cogeneration unitTaking heat energy, GuThe heat capacity flow of the return water in the primary heat network of the heating network;
s2.3, constructing a heating network thermoelectric simulation model:
in the formula: p is water pressure in Pa; gxIs the acceleration of gravity, with the unit of m/s2(ii) a x is a space coordinate with the unit of m; rho is the fluid density in kg/m3(ii) a u is the velocity in the x direction in m/s; t is a time coordinate with the unit of s; fwIs wall friction in units of N; h is specific enthalpy of fluid, and the unit is kJ/kg; qwIs the wall surface heat flow with the unit of W/m2。
2. The real-time optimization regulation and control method of the thermoelectric combined heating system based on the digital twin technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the data transmission layer performs serial port communication for a factory-side extraction condensing type cogeneration unit, a factory-level electric heat pump, a heat storage device, an electricity storage device and a heat exchange head station corresponding to the data processing layer by using an industrial ethernet; and the data transmission layer is used for communicating the primary heat supply network, the secondary heat exchange station, the secondary heat supply network and the indoor heat radiator of the heat user corresponding to the data processing layer in a wireless transmission mode.
3. The real-time optimization and regulation method for the combined heat and power heating system based on the digital twin technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific steps of step S3 are as follows:
s3.1, the digital twin model of the combined heating and power system continuously operates in the server in a second level, continuously receives node data measured values from a physical equipment layer of the data transmission layer, compares the node data measured values with node data analog values obtained by calculation of the digital twin model of the combined heating and power system, and executes the next operation calculation if the deviation is within a set range; if the deviation exceeds the set range, correcting the digital twin model of the combined heat and power heating system according to the deviation, and ensuring that the digital twin model of the combined heat and power heating system is close to the equipment entity of the physical equipment layer to run synchronously;
s3.2, constructing an objective function to perform real-time optimization regulation and control on the combined heat and power heating system by taking the minimum carbon emission of the combined heat and power heating system as a target, wherein the objective function is as follows:
in the formula: kappa is a scene set of a predicted value of the power generation amount of wind power and photovoltaic power generation,
carbon emission generated by starting the extraction condensing type cogeneration unit,
the exhaust of the generated carbon is closed for the extraction condensing type cogeneration unit,
the minimum carbon emission is obtained when the extraction and condensation type cogeneration unit is in the running state, and Q (y, xi) is the carbon emission generated by the fuel corresponding to the fuel consumed by the generated energy of the extraction and condensation type cogeneration unit; y is
The set of three variables, xi is wind power and photovoltaic power generation generatorThe generated power is concentrated in the electric quantity scene;
and S3.3, solving the objective function determined in the step S3.2 according to the short-term predicted value of the generated energy of the wind power and the photovoltaic power generation and the real-time operation result of the digital twin model of the combined heat and power system, and determining an operation regulation and control plan with the minimum carbon emission of the combined heat and power system according to the solved result.
4. The real-time optimization and regulation method for the combined heat and power heating system based on the digital twin technology as claimed in claim 3, wherein the step S3 further comprises:
s3.4, submitting the optimized operation regulation and control plan to an operator for auditing through a display by the operation decision layer, and issuing the optimized operation regulation and control plan by the operation decision layer after the operator audits; the optimized operation regulation plan reaches a sensing layer after passing through a data transmission layer and a data processing layer; and performing control action on the physical equipment entity of the physical equipment layer by a distributed control system deployed on the perception layer.
5. A real-time optimization and control method for a combined heat and power heating system based on digital twin technology as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step S3.3, the operation and control plan comprises: the electric power and the thermal power of the extraction and condensation type cogeneration unit, the electric power and the thermal power of the plant-level electric heat pump, and the flow speed and the opening state of the circulating water pump and various valves.
6. The real-time optimization and regulation method for the combined heat and power heating system based on the digital twin technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the node data information of the physical equipment layer comprises: pressure, flow, temperature of the heating medium; the opening degree and the action direction of the valve; the running power of the electric pump and the variable frequency pump; capacity status of the heat storage device and the electricity storage device; the thermal power and the electric power of the pumping and condensing cogeneration unit and the plant-level electric heat pump; the outdoor environment comprehensive temperature; the actual temperature of the heat sink inlet.
7. The real-time optimization and regulation and control method of the thermoelectric combined heating system based on the digital twin technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the data processing layer preprocesses the data by: and identifying abnormal measurement data which do not conform to the conventional value range through a historical database and logic judgment planning, deleting the abnormal measurement data, and replacing the abnormal measurement data with the measurement data of the nearest measurement sensor.
8. A computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the real-time optimal regulation and control method of a digital twinning technology based cogeneration heating system according to any one of claims 1-7.
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