CN113265951A - Manufacturing method of ultra-high performance concrete spherical hinge - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of ultra-high performance concrete spherical hinge Download PDFInfo
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- CN113265951A CN113265951A CN202110553054.0A CN202110553054A CN113265951A CN 113265951 A CN113265951 A CN 113265951A CN 202110553054 A CN202110553054 A CN 202110553054A CN 113265951 A CN113265951 A CN 113265951A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D21/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for erecting or assembling bridges
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D21/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for erecting or assembling bridges
- E01D21/08—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for erecting or assembling bridges by rotational movement of the bridge or bridge sections
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Abstract
The invention relates to a manufacturing method of an ultra-high performance concrete spherical hinge, belonging to the field of civil and architectural engineering. Steel ball hinges generally need to be customized in bridge rotation construction, and manufacturing, transportation and installation of large-diameter steel ball hinge assemblies have many difficulties and are high in cost. The invention provides a method for manufacturing a spherical hinge on site by adopting ultra-high performance concrete UHPC (ultra high performance concrete), wherein fibers are doped in the UHPC. The manufacturing method of the invention saves steel, construction units can automatically complete the manufacturing of the spherical hinge on the site of a construction site, the transportation cost of the spherical hinge is saved, the manufacturing cost of the spherical hinge is reduced, the technical requirement is low, and the manufacturing cost is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of civil and architectural engineering, and particularly relates to a manufacturing method of an ultra-high performance concrete spherical hinge.
Background
In recent years, the modern fast traffic system is rapidly developed, and the high-speed railway, the special line of passenger lines and the highway are in the large-scale construction stage. With the construction of high-speed railways and highways, a large number of large bridges crossing deep ditches and canyons and crossing railways and highways emerge in succession. The bridge is restricted by construction environment and traffic factors, and the difficulty of the conventional construction method is very high. The bridge turning method construction can better avoid the influence on other line transportation, overcomes the difficulty of erecting a long-span bridge on a high mountain canyon, a water depth rush or a river channel with frequent ship navigation, and has more obvious advantages particularly for constructing urban overpasses and railway overpasses with busy traffic and transportation. The bridge turning construction technology is more and more favored by bridge builders due to the characteristics of economy, convenience and reliability.
Bridge rotation construction is divided into horizontal rotation and vertical rotation, and sometimes rotation construction in the same project is carried out, namely, both horizontal rotation and vertical rotation are achieved, and in general, the application of the horizontal rotation is relatively more. The turning hinge is used as a core component of a rotating mechanism in turning construction, is the key for success of turning construction and also is the key for determining turning construction precision.
At present, swivel hinges adopted in horizontal swivel construction are divided into flat hinges and spherical hinges according to geometric forms. The flat hinge has the advantages of large bearing capacity, small friction coefficient and good stability, but the balance adjustment of a rotator is difficult to perform by adopting the flat hinge, the requirements on positioning and balance weight in the rotating process are high, and the construction requirement is high; the spherical hinge is applied more in the current swivel construction, and has the advantages of larger bearing capacity, smaller friction coefficient, automatic centering adjustment, better stability and the like. The swivel hinges adopted in the horizontal swivel construction are divided into concrete hinges and steel hinges according to materials. The concrete hinge has the defects of small bearing capacity, large friction coefficient, poor stability, easiness in cracking, high construction requirement and the like, cannot be applied to swivel construction of a bridge structure with large span and large tonnage, and is only suitable for small swivel construction with the total swivel weight less than 5000 tons. The swivel steel spherical hinge mainly comprises a convex-concave spherical plate with matched spherical radius, and the spherical plate is reinforced by a rib plate. Because the steel ball hinge adopts a numerical control machine tool to process the spherical hinge curved surface, the processing precision is high, the bearing capacity and the rotational friction resistance of the steel ball hinge are superior to those of a concrete spherical hinge, and more engineering applications are obtained. Because of the limitation of the bearing capacity of concrete below the steel ball hinge and the bearing capacity of the sliding block, the steel ball hinge is usually large in size, the diameter of the ball hinge is about 3m when the weight of a swivel is below 2 ten thousand tons, and the diameter of the ball hinge is above 6m when the weight of the swivel reaches 4 ten thousand tons. The larger the size is, the more difficult the machining precision of the spherical surface is to ensure, so that the machining process of the spherical hinge is complex, the technical content is high, and high requirements are provided for the equipment capability and the comprehensive technical capability of a manufacturer. Meanwhile, the difficulty of transportation and field installation is increased, and particularly, the concrete below the lower spherical hinge is easy to build air and pour loosely in the pouring process.
On the other hand, the spherical surface of the lower spherical hinge of the steel ball hinge needs to be provided with circular nonmetallic sliding plates, and the sliding plates are usually embedded on the spherical surface in scattered shapes, so that the embedded fixed sliding plate mode is not reliable. And a larger gap is formed between the sliding block and the sliding block, so that the contact area between the sliding plate and the upper spherical hinge is smaller, the friction force is large, and the rotation reliability of the spherical hinge is reduced. Meanwhile, more lubricating grease is needed to fill the gap between the sliding plates, and the bearing capacity of the spherical hinge is greatly influenced by the bearing capacity of the sliding plates.
Therefore, the spherical hinge dilemma in the bridge swivel construction needs to be changed urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a manufacturing method of an ultra-high performance concrete spherical hinge. The spherical hinge in the scheme is made of ultra-high performance concrete UHPC. Although UHPC still continues to use concrete in name, UHPC has a material composition and characteristics which are different from those of conventional common concrete, and is a new material. The components of the composite material do not have conventional aggregates, and even if conventional fine aggregates are blended, the requirements on particle size, mud content and the like are strict. The UHPC is mainly doped with nano materials, including silica fume, ultrafine fly ash, ultrafine slag powder and high-quality additives, through the optimized design of each component, the ultra-dense UHPC is solidified, and the durability of the materials and the structure can be greatly improved. Meanwhile, UHPC is generally incorporated with fibers to enhance the crack resistance of concrete. The doped fiber can effectively share the tensile stress and prevent the cracks from generating prematurely. And the crack development is delayed, although the specific boundary for dividing the ultra-high performance concrete is not clear, the strength of the UHPC is generally considered to be more than 150MPa, the tensile strength is more than 7.5MPa, and the elastic modulus is more than 40 GMPa. Theoretically, only when the distribution direction of the fibers is consistent with the local tension direction of the member, the bonding performance of the fibers in the concrete can improve the tensile performance of the concrete to the maximum extent, and the fibers in other directions have little influence on the effect of improving the bending tensile strength and the toughness of the concrete.
The lower spherical hinge and the upper spherical hinge in the scheme are both made of fiber-doped ultra-high performance concrete; the concave surface layer of the lower spherical hinge is provided with at least one fiber orientation layer, and fibers in the fiber orientation layer are arranged in a warp direction or a weft direction (namely, a circular direction); when the fiber orientation layer is constructed, bus bars for surface shaping, warp orientation plate assemblies for enabling the fibers to be oriented along the warp direction and weft orientation plate assemblies for enabling the fibers to be oriented along the weft direction can be respectively arranged on a rotating frame rotating along a rotating shaft of a spherical hinge; the warp-oriented plate assembly comprises a warp-oriented plate and an oriented sheet which is arranged on the lower surface of the warp-oriented plate and has the width direction along the warp direction; the latitudinal directional plate assembly comprises a latitudinal directional plate and a directional piece which is arranged on the lower surface of the latitudinal directional plate and has the width direction along the latitudinal direction; the weft directional plate assembly enables the fibers in the corresponding layer to tend to be arranged along the weft direction through the rotation of the rotating frame; the radial orientation plate assembly can slide back and forth along the radial direction of the radial arc-shaped rod of the rotating frame, so that the fibers in the corresponding layer of the sector area tend to be arranged along the radial direction; rotating the rotating frame according to the central angle of the sector area for multiple times and executing the same operation can enable the fibers in the corresponding layers to tend to be arranged along the warp direction.
Preferably, the fibers are steel fibers.
Preferably, the material of the orientation sheet is stainless steel, the shape is rectangular, and the periphery is polished to be free of edges and corners; the height of the orientation sheet is greater than or equal to the thickness of each fiber orientation layer.
Preferably, the upper spherical hinge and the lower spherical hinge except the surface layer are both provided with steel bars, and the lower spherical hinge is also provided with a spherical reinforcing mesh consisting of annular steel bars and radial curve steel bars below the surface layer.
Preferably, the directional alignment means that the majority of the fibers make an angle of less than 30 degrees with the designated direction.
Preferably, the bus bar is made of wood and is subjected to surface waterproof treatment.
Preferably, the latitudinal directional plate is rectangular and long before being installed, two rows of directional sheets are arranged on the latitudinal directional plate in the width direction, the distance between the two rows is greater than the length of the fibers, the distance between adjacent directional sheets in each row is equal and greater than the length of the fibers, and the two rows of directional sheets are arranged in a staggered manner; the warp-wise oriented plates are fan-shaped before installation, the oriented sheets on the warp-wise oriented plates are arranged in a plurality of rows in the warp direction, the row spacing is greater than the fiber length, the spacing at the bottom ends of the oriented sheets in each row is equal and greater than the fiber length, and two adjacent rows of oriented sheets are arranged in a staggered mode.
Preferably, the arc-shaped rod is T-shaped steel, the web plate is arranged above, and longitudinal long and narrow holes are symmetrically distributed on the flange plates at two sides of the web plate; the bus bar is directly fixed below the arc-shaped rod corresponding to the uppermost fiber orientation layer; adding a pad plate between the bus bar and the arc-shaped rod corresponding to other fiber orientation layers; bolts corresponding to the long and narrow holes are welded on the upper surface of the latitudinal directional plate, two nuts arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the flange plate of the arc-shaped rod on each bolt are adjusted, and the distance between the latitudinal directional plate and the arc-shaped rod can be adjusted, so that the lower end of the directional sheet reaches the bottom of the corresponding fiber directional layer; the upper surface welding of warp direction orientation board has the bolt that corresponds with slot hole, is connected with the arc pole through two nuts of installing on every bolt, and the clear distance of these two nuts is slightly bigger than the flange plate thickness of arc pole to the interval of adjustable warp direction orientation board and arc pole makes the lower extreme of orientation piece reach the bottom of corresponding fibre orientation layer.
Preferably, the rotating frame comprises two identical trusses symmetrical to the rotating shaft, a sleeve ring connecting the two trusses, and an end cap connected to the upper end of the sleeve ring, wherein the end cap is buckled at the upper end of the sleeve of the spherical hinge; the truss comprises an upper chord member, an arc-shaped lower chord member and an inclined web member.
Preferably, the end plate of the end cap is in a shape of an inverted frustum at the inner part of the end cap, and the upper end of the sleeve of the ball hinge is provided with a corresponding inward inclined plane; the lower surface of the end plate of the end cap is welded with a hanging ring, and a heavy object is suspended on the hanging ring in the sleeve.
The manufacturing process of the spherical hinge comprises the following construction steps:
s1: the steel bar for binding the lower spherical hinge by binding the steel bar in the lower spherical hinge comprises a spherical steel bar mesh consisting of annular steel bars and radial curve steel bars arranged below a surface layer of the lower spherical hinge, and a template surrounding the lower spherical hinge is erected.
S2: and manufacturing the rotating frame and the bus bars, and installing the rotating frame on a steel sleeve of the spherical hinge rotating shaft. The rotating frame comprises an arc-shaped rod, and the radius of the lower surface of the arc-shaped rod, which corresponds to the arc, is smaller than the spherical radius of the designed spherical hinge by delta. The bus bar cross-sectional height is delta.
S3: preparation of weft-oriented sheet assemblies and warp-oriented sheet assemblies
S3-1: the lower surface of the weft directional plate for preparing the weft directional plate assembly is welded with the directional sheet, the upper surface of the weft directional plate assembly is welded with the bolt, the distance from the bottom end of the directional sheet to the lower surface of the arc-shaped rod can be adjusted through the adjusting nut, and when the bottom end of the directional sheet is abutted to the bottom position of the designed corresponding fiber directional layer, corresponding marks are made on the bolt.
S3-2: the lower surface of the warp-oriented plate for preparing the warp-oriented plate assembly is welded with the oriented sheet, the upper surface of the warp-oriented plate is welded with the bolt, the distance from the bottom end of the oriented sheet to the lower surface of the arc-shaped rod can be adjusted through the adjusting nut, and when the bottom end of the oriented sheet is abutted to the bottom position of the designed corresponding fiber oriented layer, corresponding marks are made on the bolt.
S4: and manufacturing the first fiber oriented layer to prepare the steel fiber-doped ultrahigh-performance concrete, pouring the concrete into the template of the downward spherical hinge, and reserving a pit in the middle part. The rotating frame is provided with bus bars and is padded with a backing plate. Rotating the rotating frame, and finishing by using the bus bar to obtain the corresponding spherical crown. And (4) disassembling the bus bar and the backing plate on the rotating frame, and replacing the corresponding orientation plate assembly to perform fiber orientation operation. And adjusting the nut for the weft fiber orientation plate assembly to enable the nut to reach the corresponding mark. Rotating the rotating frame for one circle to complete the manufacture of the corresponding fiber orientation layer; for the radial direction orientation plate assembly, the position of the nut is adjusted to reach the corresponding mark position, the nut below is not screwed, and the upper end surface of the nut reaches 1mm to the lower surface of the arc-shaped lower chord; pushing the warp-oriented plates back and forth along the warp direction to complete the orientation of the fibers in the sector area where the fiber oriented layer is located; and rotating the rotating frame by the angle which is the central angle corresponding to the warp fiber orientation plate, and finishing the orientation of the fibers in the sector area according to the method. This is repeated to complete the warp orientation of the fibers in the layer.
S5: and a layer of ultra-high performance concrete doped with steel fibers is continuously and uniformly poured into the concave pit during the manufacture of the second fiber orientation layer. The rotating frame is provided with bus bars and is padded with corresponding backing plates. And rotating the rotating frame, and trimming by using the bus bar to obtain a spherical crown. The bus bar and the backing plate on the rotating frame are disassembled, and the corresponding fiber orientation plate assembly is replaced to orient the fibers.
S6: and a layer of ultra-high performance concrete doped with steel fibers is continuously and uniformly poured into the concave pit during the manufacture of the uppermost layer of the fiber oriented layer. The bus bars are arranged on the rotating frame, and no backing plate is arranged. And rotating the rotating frame, and trimming by using the bus bar to obtain a spherical crown. The bus bars on the rotating frame are disassembled, and corresponding fiber orientation plate assemblies are replaced to orient the fibers. And only installing the bus bars on the rotating frame again, rotating the rotating frame, finishing the spherical crown by using the bus bars, and rotating the rotating frame for multiple times to finish the surface. And (5) detaching the rotating frame.
S7: after the upper spherical hinge is poured and the finally poured lower spherical hinge concrete layer reaches the design strength, coating a release agent on the spherical crown surface of the lower spherical hinge, and paving two layers of plastic films; coating butter on the exposed surface of the sleeve and wrapping the sleeve by using a plastic film, pouring the butter into the sleeve, placing the pin shaft into the sleeve, plugging the upper port of the sleeve by using a cover, and coating the butter on the exposed surface of the cover and wrapping the plastic film. Binding reinforcing steel bars and pouring a spherical hinge.
S8: and after the upper spherical hinge concrete and the lower spherical hinge concrete are in running-in and reach the set strength, hoisting the upper spherical hinge and cleaning the upper surface of the lower spherical hinge. And spreading white lime powder on the upper surface of the lower spherical hinge, and placing the upper spherical hinge. And pushing the upper spherical hinge to rotate for a plurality of weeks, hoisting the upper spherical hinge, observing the contact surface of the upper spherical hinge and the lower spherical hinge, properly polishing the part without the white lime powder, and repairing the white lime powder gathering part by using ultra-high performance concrete. Repeating for many times until the upper spherical hinge and the lower spherical hinge are closely attached. Cleaning the contact surface of the upper spherical hinge and the lower spherical hinge, drying, coating butter on the concave surface layer of the lower spherical hinge, and closing the upper spherical hinge.
S9: and manufacturing other main parts of the rotating device.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) steel ball hinges with high manufacturing difficulty are omitted, the transportation and installation problems of the steel ball hinges are eliminated, after a bridge construction unit purchases mixed UHPC bagged raw materials and steel fibers in the market, the ball hinges can be manufactured on site according to the use instructions, the welding and detection work of steel components on site is omitted, and the engineering cost is saved;
(2) the fiber orientation layers are manufactured in the lower spherical hinge surface layer, so that the crack resistance of the contact surface of the lower spherical hinge is improved, the design pressure of the contact surface can be improved, the size of the spherical hinge is reduced, the whole contact surface is stressed, and the high tensile resistance of the material is fully exerted. In the steel ball hinge, although the strength of steel is high, the pressure is only transmitted through the tetrafluoro slide block, and the designed compressive strength of the tetrafluoro slide block is only dozens of megapascals, so that the force transmission efficiency of the steel ball hinge is very low, the material waste is serious, and the size of the steel ball hinge is larger;
(3) in the scheme, the symmetrical rotating frame is manufactured, the pin shaft and the steel sleeve in the spherical hinge are fully utilized, the stability and the centering capacity of the rotating frame are ensured, the surface size precision of the surface layer is ensured, and the trimming workload of the lower spherical hinge and the upper spherical hinge after pouring is reduced;
(4) the bus bars, the latitudinal directional plates and the longitudinal directional plates can share one rotating frame; the latitudinal direction plate and the longitudinal direction plate are connected with the rotating frame through the adjustable double-nut bolt and the slot hole on the arc-shaped lower chord member, the corresponding bolt is convenient to adjust by adopting the double nuts, the specifications of the latitudinal direction plate and the longitudinal direction plate are reduced, and the requirements of a plurality of fiber direction layers can be met by one specification;
(5) the working area of the spherical hinge is small, so that the UHPC after pouring can be steamed conveniently, and the strength is further rapidly improved;
(6) the warp-oriented plates, the long and narrow holes in the arc-shaped lower chord and the double nuts on the corresponding screw rods are designed, so that the warp-oriented of the fibers in different fiber-oriented layers is skillfully realized;
(7) the staggered position design of the adjacent directional pieces on the latitudinal directional plate and the longitudinal directional plate further improves the directionality of the fiber, so that the front part is nearly perpendicular to the directional pieces and is positioned between the two directional pieces in the front part, the fiber which is effectively oriented cannot be obtained, the orientation is obtained, and the fiber orientation efficiency is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a spherical hinge in embodiment 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the lower ball joint and the lower seat plate;
FIG. 3 is a schematic vertical sectional view of the lower ball joint and the lower seat plate;
FIG. 4 is a schematic vertical sectional view of the upper ball joint and the upper seat plate;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a partial vertical section of a spherical hinge molded structure;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a partial vertical cross section of a structure after an inverted cone structure is formed;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a partial vertical cross-section of the formed upper deck;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the rotary frame in the case of scraping the last layer of UHPC;
FIG. 9 is a schematic vertical cross-section of an end cap of the spin stand;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the opening in the curved bar of the turret;
FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an arc-shaped rod for first layer UHPC doctoring;
FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an arc-shaped rod for a second layer UHPC doctoring surface;
FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an arc-shaped rod for uppermost UHPC doctoring;
FIG. 14 is a schematic side view of a latitudinal orientation plate;
FIG. 15 is a schematic bottom view of the latitudinal orientation plate;
FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a weft orientation plate;
figure 17 is a schematic side view of a warp-oriented sheet;
FIG. 18 is a schematic bottom view of a warp oriented plate;
FIG. 19 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a warp-oriented plate;
figure 20 is a schematic top view of a warp oriented plate.
In the figure: 1-lower bearing platform, 2-pier, 3-annular slideway, 4-outer safety pier, 5-supporting foot, 6-inner safety pier, 7-lower seat plate, 8-lower spherical hinge, 9-upper spherical hinge, 10-upper seat plate, 11-rotary table, 12-sleeve, 13-inverted cone structure, 14-pin shaft, 17-end cap, 18-lantern ring, 19-short diagonal rod, 20-long diagonal rod, 21-upper chord rod, 22-arc lower chord rod, 23-slot hole, 24-bus bar bolt, 25-fiber orientation layer, 26-bus bar, 27-backing plate, 28-hanging ring, 29-hanging hook, 30-latitudinal orientation plate, 31-latitudinal bolt, 32-orientation piece, 33-latitudinal orientation plate and 34-latitudinal bolt.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The schematic position of the spherical hinge in the swivel device in this embodiment is shown in fig. 1, the surface layer of the lower spherical hinge is provided with 3 fiber orientation layers, the fibers in the middle layer are along the warp direction, and the fibers in the other two layers are along the weft direction (i.e. the hoop direction). The spherical hinge comprises an upper spherical hinge 9 and a lower spherical hinge 8, both of which are made of steam-curing-free ultra-high-performance concrete doped with steel fibers, the 28-day compressive strength is greater than 150MPa, the tensile strength is greater than 7.5MPa, and the elastic modulus is greater than 40 GMPa. The steel fibres had a diameter of 0.2mm and a length of 12 mm. An inverted cone structure 13 is arranged above the spherical hinge, an upper seat plate 10 is arranged between the inverted cone structure 13 and the rotary table 11, and a lower seat plate 7 is arranged between the spherical hinge and the lower bearing platform 1 below. The upper seat plate 10 and the lower seat plate 7 are made of high-strength concrete C80, and the lower bearing platform 1, the pier 2 and the turntable 11 are made of C40 concrete. The components of the swivel device except the spherical hinge are the same as those of the common swivel device, and the swivel device comprises an annular slide way 3 around the spherical hinge, a supporting foot 5, an outer safety pier 4 and an inner safety pier 6.
The manufacturing process of the spherical hinge comprises the following construction steps:
s1: when the steel bars in the lower spherical hinge are bound, the sleeve 12 is accurately placed and fixed, the concrete of the lower seat plate 7 is poured, and after the concrete reaches the designed strength, the steel bars of the lower spherical hinge 8 are bound. And a spherical reinforcing mesh consisting of annular reinforcing steel bars and radial curve reinforcing steel bars is arranged below the surface layer of the lower spherical hinge 8. Steel templates with equal length around the lower spherical hinge 8 are erected, and a regular sixteen-polygon shape is enclosed inside the steel templates, as shown in fig. 2. In this example, three fiber orientation layers are designed, each layer having a thickness of 20mm, and they together constitute a surface layer, see fig. 8.
S2: manufacturing of the rotating frame and the bus bar the rotating frame is shown in fig. 8, and comprises two same trusses which are symmetrical to the rotating shaft, a lantern ring 18 for connecting the two trusses, and an end cap 17 welded on the upper end of the lantern ring 18, wherein the end cap 17 is buckled on the upper end of a steel sleeve 12 of the spherical hinge rotating shaft. The truss comprises an upper chord 21, an arc-shaped lower chord 22, a short diagonal 19 and a long diagonal 20. The arc-shaped lower chord 22 is a T-shaped steel, the web plate is arranged above, and the radius of the lower surface corresponding to the arc is 50mm smaller than the spherical radius of the designed spherical hinge. Longitudinal slotted holes 23 are symmetrically distributed on the wing plates at two sides of the arc-shaped lower chord 22, see figure 10. The linear section of the slit hole 23 is 40mm long and 11mm wide. The end plate of the end cap 17 is in an inverted circular truncated cone shape at the inner part of the end cap 17, the inclination angle is 45 degrees, and a hanging ring 28 is welded in the middle of the lower surface. The upper end of the sleeve 12 has a corresponding inwardly inclined ramp. Grease is applied to the interface of the end cap 17 and the sleeve 12. The pin 14 is suspended from the eye 28 by a hook 29, see in particular fig. 9. The steel ring is welded on the upper end face of the end cap 17, so that the steel pipe can be conveniently horizontally inserted into the end cap, and the steel pipe is pushed at the two ends, so that the rotating frame rotates. The bus bar 26 is made of wood and has been surface-treated for waterproofing, with the two flange plates being of equal thickness and constant along the entire length. The bus bar 26 has a sectional height of 50mm, and is mounted below the arc-shaped lower chord 22 by a bus bar bolt 24 as shown in fig. 13, and the bus bar 26 is repeatedly corrected with reference to the spherical radius of the spherical hinge. The bus bar 26 is provided with two pads 27 each 20mm thick, see fig. 11 and 12.
S3: preparation of weft-oriented sheet assemblies and warp-oriented sheet assemblies
S3-1: the prepared weft orientation plate assembly 30 is rectangular and long, two rows of orientation pieces 32 are arranged on the lower surface along the width direction, and the orientation pieces 32 in each row are arranged along the length direction of the rectangle. The orientation sheet 32 is made of stainless steel, and has a rectangular shape, a height of 40mm, a width of 15mm, and a thickness of 2mm, and original edges and corners are ground off at the periphery, as shown in fig. 14, 15, and 16. The orientation piece 32 is welded on the lower surface of the latitudinal orientation plate 30, and the outer side edge of the orientation piece 32 is abutted to the side line of the latitudinal orientation plate 30. The spacing between adjacent directional sheets 32 in each row is equal, with a clear spacing of 14 mm. The two rows of the orientation pieces 32 are arranged evenly and alternately in the length direction of the latitudinal orientation plate 30. The upper surface welding of latitudinal direction oriented plate 30 has the latitudinal direction bolt 31 of length 150mm, installs two nuts on every latitudinal direction bolt 31 for with latitudinal direction oriented plate 30 interval and arc lower chord 22 fixed connection as required. Adjusting the upper nut, and marking a first mark on the upper end face of the upper nut on the latitudinal bolt 31 by using a marking pen when the lower end of the orientation piece 32 is 110mm away from the lower surface of the arc-shaped lower chord 22; and adjusting the upper nut, and marking a second mark on the upper end face of the upper nut on the latitudinal bolt 31 by using a marking pen when the lower end of the orientation piece 32 is 70mm away from the lower surface of the arc-shaped lower chord 22.
S3-2: preparation of warp-oriented sheet assemblies referring to figures 17, 18 and 19, the warp-oriented sheets 33 are fan-shaped prior to installation, the central angle of the fan-shape being 10 degrees, the oriented sheets 32 thereon being arranged in warp sub-rows, the clear distance between rows being 20mm, the spacing of the oriented sheets 32 in each row being equal and the clear distance being 14 mm. The adjacent two rows of the orientation tabs 32 are staggered, with the orientation tabs 32 in one row being located just in the middle of the orientation tabs 32 in the other row. The upper surface of the warp-wise oriented plate 33 is welded with warp-wise bolts 34 with the length of 150mm, and two nuts are mounted on each warp-wise bolt 34 and used for connecting the warp-wise oriented plate 33 with the arc-shaped lower chord 22 according to the required spacing, as shown in fig. 20. The upper nut is adjusted so that the radial bolts 34 are marked with a marker at the upper end face of the upper nut when the lower end of the orientation piece 32 is 90mm from the lower surface of the arc-shaped lower chord 22.
S4: and manufacturing the first fiber oriented layer to prepare the steel fiber-doped ultrahigh-performance concrete, pouring the concrete into the template of the lower spherical hinge 8, and reserving a pit in the middle part. The bus bar 26 is mounted on the rotating frame and is padded with two pads 27, see fig. 11. The rotating frame is rotated and a spherical cap is obtained by trimming the bus bar 26. The bus bar 26 and backing plate 27 are removed from the turret, the latitudinal orientation plate 30 is replaced, and the nut is adjusted so that the upper end face of the upper nut reaches the first pass. And rotating the rotating frame for one circle to finish the manufacture of the first layer of fiber orientation layer 25.
S5: and a layer of ultra-high performance concrete doped with steel fibers is continuously and uniformly poured into the concave pit during the manufacture of the second fiber orientation layer. The bus bar 26 is mounted on the rotating frame and is padded with a pad 27, see fig. 12. The rotating frame is rotated and a spherical cap is obtained by trimming the bus bar 26. The bus bar 26 and the shim plate 27 on the rotating frame are removed, the warp-directional plate 33 is replaced, and the nuts are adjusted so that the upper end faces of the upper nuts reach the marks. The lower nut is not screwed down, and the upper end surface of the lower nut reaches 1mm to the lower surface of the arc-shaped lower chord 22. Pushing the warp-oriented plates 33 back and forth along the warp direction to generate a total of two back and forth swings, so as to complete the orientation of the fibers in the fan-shaped area where the second fiber-oriented layer 25 is located; in principle, the swing amplitude is greater than one row spacing and less than four row spacings, two row spacings being selectable. The rotating frame rotates by 10 degrees, and the orientation of the fibers in the sector area is completed according to the method. This is repeated to complete the orientation of the fibers in the second fiber orientation layer 25.
S6: and a layer of ultra-high performance concrete doped with steel fibers is continuously and uniformly poured into the concave pit during the manufacture of the uppermost layer of the fiber oriented layer. The bus bars 26 are mounted on the turret, and the shim plates 27 are no longer mounted, see fig. 13. The rotating frame is rotated and a spherical cap is obtained by trimming the bus bar 26. The bus bar 26 and backing plate 27 are removed from the turret, the latitudinal orientation plate 30 is replaced, and the nuts are adjusted so that the upper end of the upper nut reaches the second pass mark. And rotating the rotating frame for one circle to finish the manufacture of the uppermost fiber orientation layer 25. And only installing the bus bar 26 on the rotating frame, rotating the rotating frame, finishing the spherical crown by using the bus bar 26, and properly supplementing a small amount of ultra-high performance concrete according to the requirement in the process. Before the surface loses plasticity, the rotating frame is rotated for many times to carry out surface finishing. The finished lower ball joint 8 is shown in fig. 3.
S7: pouring a release agent on the spherical crown surface of the upper spherical hinge 8 and paving two layers of plastic films; coating butter on the exposed surface of the sleeve 12 and wrapping the surface with a plastic film, pouring the butter into the sleeve 12, placing the pin 14 into the sleeve 12 to ensure that the butter submerges the pin 14, sealing the upper port of the sleeve 12 with a cover, and coating the butter on the exposed surface of the cover and wrapping the thin plastic. Binding reinforcing steel bars and pouring the spherical hinge 9. The finished upper spherical hinge 9 obtained after curing is shown in figure 5.
S8: and (3) hoisting the upper spherical hinge 9 by the grinding of the upper spherical hinge and the lower spherical hinge, removing the plastic film on the lower spherical hinge 8, and cleaning the upper surface of the lower spherical hinge 8. The upper surface of the lower spherical hinge 8 is fully sprinkled with white lime powder, and an upper spherical hinge 9 is arranged. And pushing the upper spherical hinge 9 to rotate, lifting the upper spherical hinge 9 after rotating for 50 circles, observing the contact surface of the upper spherical hinge 9 and the lower spherical hinge 8, properly polishing the part without the white lime powder, and repairing the white lime powder gathering part by using ultra-high performance concrete. Repeating for a plurality of times until the upper spherical hinge 9 and the lower spherical hinge 8 are in close contact. Cleaning the contact surface of the upper spherical hinge 9 and the lower spherical hinge 8, coating grease on the contact surface of the lower spherical hinge 8, and closing the upper spherical hinge 9.
S9: and (3) manufacturing a vertical template and pouring an inverted cone structure 13 (see figure 6) of other main parts of the rotating device, curing until the concrete reaches a set strength, pouring a base plate 10 on the vertical template, and curing to obtain a finished product, see figures 7 and 4. Thus, the manufacturing of the concrete spherical hinge is completed.
Claims (10)
1. A manufacturing method of an ultra-high performance concrete spherical hinge is characterized by comprising the following steps: the lower spherical hinge and the upper spherical hinge are both made of fiber-doped ultra-high performance concrete; the concave surface layer of the lower spherical hinge is provided with at least one fiber orientation layer, and fibers in the fiber orientation layer are arranged in a warp direction or a weft direction (namely, a circular direction); when the fiber orientation layer is constructed, bus bars for surface shaping, warp orientation plate assemblies for enabling the fibers to be oriented along the warp direction and weft orientation plate assemblies for enabling the fibers to be oriented along the weft direction can be respectively arranged on a rotating frame rotating along a rotating shaft of a spherical hinge; the warp-oriented plate assembly comprises a warp-oriented plate and an oriented sheet which is arranged on the lower surface of the warp-oriented plate and has the width direction along the warp direction; the latitudinal directional plate assembly comprises a latitudinal directional plate and a directional piece which is arranged on the lower surface of the latitudinal directional plate and has the width direction along the latitudinal direction; the weft directional plate assembly enables the fibers in the corresponding layer to tend to be arranged along the weft direction through the rotation of the rotating frame; the radial orientation plate assembly can slide back and forth along the radial direction of the radial arc-shaped rod of the rotating frame, so that the fibers in the corresponding layer of the sector area tend to be arranged along the radial direction; rotating the rotating frame according to the central angle of the sector area for multiple times and executing the same operation can enable the fibers in the corresponding layers to tend to be arranged along the warp direction.
2. The method for manufacturing the ultra-high performance concrete spherical hinge according to claim 1, wherein: the fiber is steel fiber.
3. The method for manufacturing the ultra-high performance concrete spherical hinge according to claim 1, wherein: the material of the orientation sheet is stainless steel, the shape is rectangular, and the periphery of the orientation sheet is polished to be free of edges and corners; the height of the orientation sheet is greater than or equal to the thickness of each fiber orientation layer.
4. The method for manufacturing the ultra-high performance concrete spherical hinge according to claim 1, wherein: the upper spherical hinge and the lower spherical hinge except the surface layer are both provided with reinforcing steel bars, and the lower spherical hinge is also provided with a spherical reinforcing mesh consisting of annular reinforcing steel bars and radial curve reinforcing steel bars below the surface layer.
5. The method for manufacturing the ultra-high performance concrete spherical hinge according to claim 1, wherein: the directional arrangement means that most of the fibers form an angle of less than 30 degrees with the designated direction.
6. The method for manufacturing the ultra-high performance concrete spherical hinge according to claim 1, wherein: the bus bar is made of wood and is subjected to surface waterproof treatment.
7. The method for manufacturing the ultra-high performance concrete spherical hinge according to claim 1, wherein: the weft directional plate is rectangular and long before being installed, two rows of directional sheets are arranged on the weft directional plate in the width direction, the distance between the two rows is larger than the length of the fibers, the distance between adjacent directional sheets in each row is equal and larger than the length of the fibers, and the two rows of directional sheets are arranged in a staggered mode; the warp-wise oriented plates are fan-shaped before installation, the oriented sheets on the warp-wise oriented plates are arranged in a plurality of rows in the warp direction, the row spacing is greater than the fiber length, the spacing at the bottom ends of the oriented sheets in each row is equal and greater than the fiber length, and two adjacent rows of oriented sheets are arranged in a staggered mode.
8. The method for manufacturing the ultra-high performance concrete spherical hinge according to claim 1, wherein: the arc-shaped rod is T-shaped steel, the web plate is arranged above, and longitudinal long and narrow holes are symmetrically distributed on the flange plates at two sides; the bus bar is directly fixed below the arc-shaped rod corresponding to the uppermost fiber orientation layer; adding a pad plate between the bus bar and the arc-shaped rod corresponding to other fiber orientation layers; bolts corresponding to the long and narrow holes are welded on the upper surface of the latitudinal directional plate, two nuts arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the flange plate of the arc-shaped rod on each bolt are adjusted, and the distance between the latitudinal directional plate and the arc-shaped rod can be adjusted, so that the lower end of the directional sheet reaches the bottom of the corresponding fiber directional layer; the upper surface welding of warp direction orientation board has the bolt that corresponds with slot hole, is connected with the arc pole through two nuts of installing on every bolt, and the clear distance of these two nuts is slightly bigger than the flange plate thickness of arc pole to the interval of adjustable warp direction orientation board and arc pole makes the lower extreme of orientation piece reach the bottom of corresponding fibre orientation layer.
9. The method for manufacturing the ultra-high performance concrete spherical hinge according to claim 1, wherein: the rotating frame comprises two identical trusses which are symmetrical to the rotating shaft, a lantern ring for connecting the two trusses and an end cap connected with the upper end of the lantern ring, and the end cap is buckled at the upper end of the sleeve of the spherical hinge; the truss comprises an upper chord member, an arc-shaped lower chord member and an inclined web member.
10. The method for manufacturing the ultra-high performance concrete spherical hinge according to claim 9, wherein: the end plate of the end cap is in an inverted frustum shape at the inner part of the end cap, and the upper end of the sleeve of the spherical hinge is provided with a corresponding inclined plane which inclines inwards; the lower surface of the end plate of the end cap is welded with a hanging ring, and a heavy object is suspended on the hanging ring in the sleeve.
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| WO1993025778A1 (en) * | 1992-06-17 | 1993-12-23 | Baeckman Bygg Ab S | Wall panel and method and device for manufacturing this panel |
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| US20180045339A1 (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2018-02-15 | Hawkeyepedershaab Concrete Technologies, Inc. | Ultrathin concrete composite pipe with oriented and localized fiber |
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| WO1993025778A1 (en) * | 1992-06-17 | 1993-12-23 | Baeckman Bygg Ab S | Wall panel and method and device for manufacturing this panel |
| WO1996034727A2 (en) * | 1995-05-02 | 1996-11-07 | Technische Universiteit Delft | Method and apparatus for manufacturing a reinforced constructional element, and such constructional element |
| JP2002088908A (en) * | 2000-09-13 | 2002-03-27 | Taisei Corp | Construction method of concrete structural body |
| US20040067335A1 (en) * | 2002-10-07 | 2004-04-08 | Guoqiang Li | Repair of damaged concrete columns or other structures using fast-curing, fiber-reinforced polymer composites |
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