CN113264715B - Heavy metal curing baking-free brick based on household garbage incineration fly ash and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Heavy metal curing baking-free brick based on household garbage incineration fly ash and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/006—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mineral polymers, e.g. geopolymers of the Davidovits type
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00017—Aspects relating to the protection of the environment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation process for producing a baking-free brick by using the cooperation of household garbage incineration fly ash, industrial solid waste slag and fly ash, which has the final effect of realizing the solidification and stabilization of the household garbage incineration fly ash and simultaneously realizes the comprehensive treatment of the household garbage incineration fly ash and the industrial solid waste by using a simpler process. The raw materials used in the invention comprise the following components: 180-270 parts of slag, 45-112.5 parts of fly ash, 90-180 parts of domestic waste incineration fly ash and 2650-2800 parts of sand. The invention has low energy consumption and low cost, provides a new idea for the comprehensive utilization of the fly ash generated by burning the domestic garbage, and simultaneously improves the resource utilization rate and the ecological environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the changing of solid waste into valuable, in particular to the solidification stabilization and harmless treatment of dangerous solid waste with potential activity, which utilizes industrial solid waste to solidify household garbage incineration fly ash and uses waste to prepare waste.
Background
With the continuous development of industrialization and urbanization, more and more industrial solid wastes and domestic wastes are generated, the production amount of domestic wastes in 2019 in China is 242.06 ten thousand tons, which is improved by 6.16% compared with 2018 (national statistical institute), and the number of garbage incinerating plants is increased from 331 to 339 (national statistical institute), although the urban domestic waste incineration can generate abundant energy and reduce the waste amount by 85-90%, the urban domestic waste incineration is still an imperfect domestic waste treatment method, one of the reasons is that a large amount of domestic waste incineration fly ash is generated, and the domestic waste incineration fly ash is listed as dangerous solid wastes because of containing a large amount of heavy metals, soluble salts, dioxin and furan. Specifically, the fly ash from incineration of household garbage (also referred to herein as fly ash from incineration of household garbage) is generated during the incineration process of household garbage, and refers to the bottom ash from the bottom of the flue and chimney and the collected material from the flue gas purification system in the incineration equipment of household garbage. With the increase of the discharge amount of household wastes and the development of incineration technology, at least 1000 million tons of domestic waste incineration fly ash is discharged every year in China, and because the domestic waste incineration fly ash contains heavy metals such as lead, chromium, arsenic and the like and substances such as dioxin which is a high carcinogen, the domestic waste incineration fly ash is listed in waste category HW18 (waste code 772) 002-18 of national hazardous waste records of China, and therefore solidification and stabilization treatment are required before utilization and treatment.
The standard disposal method of the household garbage incineration fly ash is to use cement and chemical chelating agent to manufacture a solidified body and then to carry out centralized landfill. However, the method has the problems of poor standard-reaching stability, potential environmental safety hazards, and particularly the serious problem of secondary pollution caused by permeation of harmful heavy metals such as lead, chromium, arsenic and the like into underground water; and the disposal method consumes a large amount of cement and chelating agent, resulting in high disposal cost. At present, domestic waste incineration plants are being built all over the country. Therefore, the amount of fly ash generated by burning domestic garbage in China can be predicted to increase in a geometric form in the coming years. With the perfection of environmental protection monitoring work and the improvement of environmental protection appeal of the surrounding people, how to solve the problem of disposing the household garbage incineration fly ash is urgently needed to be solved.
At present, the treatment methods of the fly ash from the incineration of the domestic garbage are divided into three methods, namely separation, heat treatment and solidification/stabilization, wherein the most common method for treating the fly ash from the incineration of the domestic garbage is a solidification/stabilization technology, so that the influence of the fly ash from the incineration of the domestic garbage on the environment can be minimized, and waste can be changed into valuable. The curing/stabilizing treatment typically involves the addition of some additives to fix or encapsulate the hazardous substances. In the last decades, the most widely used curing/stabilizing system is cement-based materials, and in recent years, geopolymer technology has been used for its lower CO compared to cement 2 And is used for solidifying the incineration fly ash of the household garbage due to emission and better durability.
The geopolymer material is a novel inorganic polymeric aluminosilicate material, natural aluminosilicate minerals or industrial solid wastes are used as main raw materials, and after the raw materials are fully mixed with aluminum-containing clay and a proper amount of alkali silicate solution, the mixture is formed and hardened under the curing condition of 20-120 ℃ to generate an aluminosilicate zeolite material, and the geopolymer material has the characteristics of low carbon emission, high corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and the like.
The existing method has high cost and cannot ensure the curing effect of harmful heavy metals. Under the present circumstances, if a method for treating fly ash from incineration of domestic garbage, which has excellent curing properties of heavy metals, particularly toxic heavy metals of lead, chromium and arsenic, can be developed, the above-mentioned serious environmental problems will be greatly solved.
CN110723929A discloses a baking-free brick is prepared by adding alkaline substances, industrial waste residues and solvents into fly ash from incineration of household garbage, alkali-exciting, stirring to prepare brick-making slurry, discharging the slurry into a mold, vibrating, pressing and curing. The finished product can be used as a building brick for application, and has strong practicability. However, the leaching concentration of lead of the baking-free brick after 21 days of curing is less than or equal to 0.08 mg/L; the leaching concentration of chromium is less than or equal to 0.2 mg/L; still can not meet the more severe heavy metal curing requirement in the future. How to solidify harmful heavy metals, thereby effectively utilizing the domestic garbage incineration fly ash is always in an unsolved state.
On the other hand, the fly ash is a solid industrial waste generated in the production process of a coal-fired power plant, and is collected from flue gas of a coal-fired boiler by SiO 2 And Al 2 O 3 Contains a small amount of C as main ingredient a O is a powdery substance with volcanic ash property, belonging to a silicon-aluminum-vitreous mixture. The main chemical component of the material is SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 、Fe 2 O 3 、C a O and unburned carbon, and a small amount of M g 、T i P, S, the fly ash particles are composed of floating beads, sinking beads, magnetic beads and unburned carbon.
Slag is a by-product in a blast furnace iron making process. In the iron-making process, iron oxide is reduced into metallic iron at high temperature, impurities in iron ore such as silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide and the like react with lime and the like to generate a melt with silicate and aluminosilicate as main components, and the melt is quenched into loose and porous granular substances, namely blast furnace slag, which is called slag for short. The stockpiling amount of the industrial solid wastes such as the fly ash and the slag is getting larger and larger, the pollution to the environment is getting worse, and the resource utilization of the industrial waste slag to the maximum extent is not slow.
Researchers have recently tried to perform synergistic treatment of the domestic waste incineration fly ash and industrial solid waste, and CN111167832A discloses that a mixed soil body is prepared by uniformly mixing red clay, bentonite and the domestic waste incineration fly ash according to a certain mass ratio, wherein the content of the domestic waste incineration fly ash is 60-70 wt%, the content of the red clay is 15-35 wt%, and the content of the bentonite is 5-15 wt%; a chemical additive and a curing activator are required to be added to the prepared mixture, the chemical additive is composed of the curing activator and hydantoin epoxy resin according to the mass ratio of 1: 10-20, the curing activator is 3,3' -diaminodipropylamine (C6H17N3), but the cost of the special additive is increased, and pollution is caused additionally.
CN104607434A is prepared by mixing fly ash from incineration of household garbage, strontium carbonate waste residue, potassium carbonate and cement according to the mass ratio of 40-50: 25-38: 3-6: 15-25, adding a proper amount of purified water, stirring uniformly, filling into a forming model, extruding and filling, then placing in the air for 24 hours, and demoulding to obtain a solidified body blank; curing the cured body blank to obtain the cured body capable of being directly buried, wherein the curing time is not less than 14 days, and the curing time is long.
CN102303036A uses one or a mixture of two or more of fly ash, slag, gypsum and clay as a curing agent. Adding alkali activator, wherein the alkali activator comprises hydrated lime, potassium hydroxide KOH, sodium hydroxide NaOH, sodium metasilicate Na 2 SiO 3 Potassium metasilicate K 2 SiO 3 And one or a compound of two or more of strong base and weak acid salt, and the cost is high.
The current situation is that the solid waste and the incineration fly ash of the household garbage cause serious threat to the environment, and the solid waste problem needs to be solved urgently. Under the present circumstances, if a synergistic treatment method of fly ash, slag and fly ash from incineration of domestic garbage, which has excellent curing properties of heavy metals, particularly toxic heavy metals of lead, chromium and arsenic, can be developed, the above-mentioned serious environmental problems will be greatly solved. Here, although arsenic is not a heavy metal in the strict sense, it is also classified as a harmful heavy metal based on the similarity of environmental treatment herein.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for solidifying and stabilizing domestic waste incineration fly ash by utilizing industrial solid waste and domestic waste incineration fly ash components to cooperatively form a cementing material to replace cement, and the cementing material is mixed with sand to prepare a baking-free brick, so that the purposes of inhibiting leaching of harmful substances and realizing solidification of heavy metals can be achieved, and the prepared solidified body has better performance and can be used as a building material. The method solves the problem of heavy metal solidification of the incineration fly ash of the household garbage, and effectively utilizes the slag and the fly ash, thereby achieving multiple purposes.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a heavy metal curing baking-free brick, which is prepared by mixing, forming and curing raw materials comprising slag, fly ash, domestic garbage incineration fly ash and sand at low temperature, wherein the components in parts by weight are as follows: 180-270 parts of slag, 45-112.5 parts of fly ash, 90-180 parts of domestic waste incineration fly ash and 2650-2800 parts of sand.
The sand of the present invention is not particularly limited, and industrially commonly used sand such as river sand and sea sand can be used. In a preferred embodiment, the sand is preferably natural river sand having a particle size of 0.16mm to 2.36mm and a mud content of < 0.5%, from the viewpoint of raw material cost.
The invention also provides a heavy metal curable cementing material which comprises 180-270 parts of slag, 45-112.5 parts of fly ash and 90-180 parts of household garbage incineration fly ash.
Based on the above cement, the present invention can provide a concrete obtained by mixing, molding and curing the above heavy metal-curable cement with an aggregate. The aggregate is preferably sand.
The preparation method of the heavy metal curing baking-free brick of the invention is not particularly limited, and the typical preparation process comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing required slag, fly ash and domestic garbage incineration fly ash according to the proportion of 180-270 parts of slag, 45-112.5 parts of fly ash and 90-180 parts of domestic garbage incineration fly ash, adding the weighed materials into a mixer, adding 2650-2800 parts of sand after stirring, and adding water according to the water-to-glue ratio of 0.3-0.7 to obtain mixed slurry;
s2, filling the obtained mixed slurry into a mold, and molding;
s3, curing the mold filled with the mixed slurry for 20-30 hours under the standard curing condition that the relative humidity is greater than or equal to 90% at 18-24 ℃, demolding, and continuously curing for 20-60 hours under the standard curing condition that the relative humidity is greater than or equal to 90% at 18-24 ℃.
In the present invention, a water-to-gel ratio of 0.4 to 0.6 is preferably used, and a water-to-gel ratio of 0.5 is more preferably used.
The humidity during the curing is not particularly limited, but may be preferably 90% or more, preferably 95% or more. If the humidity is lower than the humidity, the curing process can also maintain the curing humidity by spraying water.
In a preferred embodiment, the mold filled with the mixed slurry is placed under the standard curing condition of 20 +/-2 ℃ and relative humidity of more than or equal to 95% for curing for 20-24 h, then the mold is demolded, and is continuously placed under the standard curing condition of 20 +/-2 ℃ and relative humidity of more than or equal to 95% for curing for 20-24 h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method for preparing the baking-free brick is easy to implement, the prepared baking-free brick has good performance, and can effectively seal heavy metals and harmful substances in the fly ash from the incineration of the domestic garbage, particularly the heavy metals in the fly ash from the incineration of the domestic garbage, and can be used for building materials.
(2) The method does not need strong alkali, utilizes the strong basicity of the household garbage incineration fly ash to excite the activity of the fly ash and the slag, does not use substances such as cement and the like, can effectively reduce the cost of solidifying the household garbage incineration fly ash, and has obvious economic effect and wide application range.
(3) The problem of accumulation and waste of a large amount of solid wastes is solved; the resources are fully utilized, the treatment cost is greatly reduced, and the pressure of non-renewable resources is relieved.
(4) The invention also finds the special matching of the slag, the fly ash and the household garbage incineration fly ash, and can provide better brick strength.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given to further illustrate embodiments of the present invention. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The heavy metal curing baking-free brick is prepared by mixing, forming and low-temperature curing raw materials comprising slag, fly ash, domestic garbage incineration fly ash and sand, and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 180-270 parts of slag, 45-112.5 parts of fly ash, 90-180 parts of household garbage incineration fly ash and 2650-2800 parts of sand.
The invention forms a novel hydraulic cementing material by utilizing the activity of alkaline excitation slag and fly ash of the household garbage incineration fly ash, can form a building material similar to concrete by adding aggregate (sand), and can be used for manufacturing baking-free bricks, and the baking-free bricks have very good curing property of harmful heavy metals, particularly lead, chromium and arsenic. The invention has the important special characteristic that the function of the cementing material can be realized by completely utilizing the alkalinity of the household garbage incineration fly ash without adding other additional alkaline agents.
The slag of the present invention is a by-product in a blast furnace iron making process. The composition and mineral composition of the material are related to the production raw material and the cooling mode. In the slag in the slow cooling crystallization state, the main minerals in the alkaline blast furnace slag are calcium-aluminum yellow feldspar and calcium-magnesium yellow feldspar, and then dicalcium silicate, pseudo wollastonite, calcium feldspar, calcium-magnesium olivine, magnesium dogrose stone, magnesium andalusite and the like. The mineral components in the acidic blast furnace slag mainly comprise melilite, cyclowollastonite, pyroxene, plagioclase and the like. The main minerals in the vanadium-titanium blast furnace slag are perovskite, annorite, spodumene, bayite, spinel and the like. The main mineral in the ferromanganese slag is olivine. The main minerals in the high-alumina slag are monocalcium aluminate, pentacalcium aluminate and monocalcium dialuminate. The main mineral in the specular iron slag is roseautomated. In the crystalline slag, except for the high-alumina slag, only dicalcium silicate has a gelling property, and other minerals have no or only a weak gelling property, and therefore, the slag has almost no hydraulic property. The quenching slag mainly comprises vitreous body, the content of which has a great relation with the chemical composition and the cooling speed of slag melt, generally, the vitreous body content of acid slag is higher than that of alkaline slag, and the vitreous body content is high when the cooling speed is high. Although the composition is complicated, the above-mentioned slag can be used as the raw material of the present invention.
The fly ash of the present invention is fly ash or soot. The fine solid particles in the flue gas ash resulting from the combustion of the fuel. Such as fine ash collected from flue gases from coal fired power plants. The fly ash is formed by cooling pulverized coal after entering a hearth at 1300-1500 ℃ and undergoing heat absorption by a hot surface under the suspension combustion condition. Due to the action of surface tension, most of the fly ash is spherical, the surface of the fly ash is smooth, and micropores are small. Some of the particles are adhered by colliding with each other in a molten state, and thus, they become honeycomb-shaped composite particles having rough surfaces and many edges. The chemical composition of fly ash is related to the composition of coal, the particle size of coal, the type of boiler, the combustion condition and the collection mode. Wherein the main phase is a vitreous body and accounts for 50-80%; the crystal minerals contained mainly include: mullite, alpha-quartz, calcite, anorthite, calcium silicate, hematite, magnetite, etc., and further a small amount of unburned carbon.
The inventor of the invention discovers through research that the fly ash generated by burning the household garbage comprises CaO and Cl-as main components and has strong basicity, and the fly ash and the slag are rich in SiO 2 And Al 2 O 3 In the alkaline environment provided by the household garbage incineration fly ash, Si-O and Al-O bonds are broken to generate a single group, and the single group is combined with Ca and Cl elements to generate calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H), calcium carbonate aluminate hydrate (C-A-C-H), calcium silicate aluminate hydrate (C-A-S-H) and 3 CaO. Al 2 O 3 ·CaCl 2 ·10H 2 O crystals (Friedel's salt) which together form the main strength source of the domestic waste incineration fly ash-slag-fly ash ternary cementing material system.
The mechanism of the invention for forming baking-free bricks and solidifying harmful heavy metal components needs further research, and the polymer system can well solidify the fly ash by looking up relevant documents and microscopic tests. Wherein the fly ash is used as an alkaline excitant, the structure of the silica tetrahedron and the alundum tetrahedron of the slag and the fly ash is destroyed under the alkaline environment, so that single clusters of the silica tetrahedron and the alundum tetrahedron are formed, and the clusters can form F salt, C-S-H and the like with calcium ions and chloride ions in the fly ash. The leaching rate of heavy metals is reduced by the F salt through physical coating, chemical precipitation, ion exchange and other modes, harmful heavy metals in the fly ash can be coated by formed C-S-H and replace calcium ions in the C-S-H to form new products, such as C-S-H-Pb, C-S-H-Zn and the like. The invention discloses a cementing material and a preparation process thereof for solidifying harmful heavy metals of fly ash for the first time, and no similar technology exists at present.
The invention also finds the special matching of the slag, the fly ash and the household garbage incineration fly ash, and can provide better brick strength. In practical application, the combination of fly ash and household garbage incineration fly ash can achieve certain effect of heavy metal curing, however, toxic lead has poor curing property, sufficient brick strength cannot be provided, and the practicability is poor.
The sand of the present invention is not particularly limited, and industrially commonly used sand such as river sand and sea sand can be used. In a preferred embodiment, the sand is preferably natural river sand having a particle size of 0.16mm to 2.36mm and a mud content of < 0.5%, from the viewpoint of raw material cost.
The invention also provides a heavy metal curable cementing material which comprises 180-270 parts of slag, 45-112.5 parts of fly ash and 90-180 parts of household garbage incineration fly ash. The core of the invention is to find that the proportion of the slag, the fly ash and the domestic garbage incineration fly ash can not only play respective roles, but also realize the solidification of heavy metal through the synergistic cooperation of the slag, the fly ash and the domestic garbage incineration fly ash.
Based on the above cement, the present invention can provide a concrete obtained by mixing, molding and curing the above heavy metal-curable cement with an aggregate. The aggregate is preferably sand. Although the concrete is prepared by mixing the cement material with other aggregates in the following examples, no harmful ingredients are introduced after the aggregates are added, so that the cement material has very good heavy metal curing performance.
The preparation method of the heavy metal curing baking-free brick of the invention is not particularly limited, and the typical preparation process comprises the following steps:
S1, weighing 180-270 parts of slag, 45-112.5 parts of fly ash and 90-180 parts of domestic garbage incineration fly ash according to a proportion, adding the weighed materials into a mixer, adding 2650-2800 parts of sand after stirring, and adding water according to a water-to-glue ratio of 0.3-0.7 to obtain mixed slurry.
And S2, filling the obtained mixed slurry into a mold, and molding.
S3, curing the mold filled with the mixed slurry for 20-30 hours under the standard curing condition that the relative humidity is greater than or equal to 90% at 18-24 ℃, demolding, and continuously curing for 20-60 hours under the standard curing condition that the relative humidity is greater than or equal to 90% at 18-24 ℃.
In the invention, the water-cement ratio means the ratio of water to cement, and the cement means a material in which concrete and aggregate react to form a grid structure.
In the present invention, a water-to-gel ratio of 0.4 to 0.6 is preferably used, and a water-to-gel ratio of 0.5 is more preferably used.
The water used in the present invention may be a general term for water commonly used in the field of construction engineering, and may be river water, sea water, tap water, or the like.
In step S2, it is preferable to use a mold coated with a mold release agent, which further facilitates rapid preparation of baking-free bricks. Conventional concrete mold release agents can be used, for example, those prepared using waste engine oil, emulsifier OE-100 and water.
In the step S3, the invention can reach higher strength through short-time curing, and the production efficiency is very high.
The humidity during the curing is not particularly limited, but may be preferably 90% or more, preferably 95% or more. If the humidity is lower than the humidity, the curing process can also maintain the curing humidity by spraying water.
In a preferred embodiment, the mold filled with the mixed slurry is placed under the standard curing condition of 20 +/-2 ℃ and relative humidity of more than or equal to 95% for curing for 20-24 h, then the mold is demolded, and is continuously placed under the standard curing condition of 20 +/-2 ℃ and relative humidity of more than or equal to 95% for curing for 20-24 h.
The mold to which the release agent is applied is not particularly limited, and a mold of 40mm × 40mm × 160mm may be selected according to the standard of a general building material, but is not limited thereto. When the slurry is put into a mold, it may be defoamed and homogenized by shaking or the like, for example, put on a shaking table for shaking molding.
The forming can be carried out by pressing by using common baking-free brick preparation equipment, and other forming methods can be adopted. The low-temperature curing in the present invention does not require calcination, and may be carried out at a low temperature of 120 ℃ or lower, for example, the unburned brick can be formed by leaving (curing) the green brick at room temperature with a relative humidity of more than 95% for 20 to 60 hours. Curing, also sometimes referred to as aging, means that curing can be achieved by simply leaving it to stand while the internal chemical reaction is complete, and is not particularly limited, as is the case with other baking-free brick production processes.
The technical solution of the present invention will be described below with reference to examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1:
the slag, the fly ash and the household garbage incineration fly ash are 270 parts of slag, 90 parts of fly ash and 90 parts of household garbage incineration fly ash in parts by weight. 2650 parts of sand, wherein the sand is natural river sand, the particle size is 0.16-2.36 mm, and the mud content is less than 0.5%. The method comprises the following specific steps:
sequentially adding slag, fly ash and household garbage incineration fly ash into a mortar stirrer according to weight percentage, and uniformly stirring to obtain a composite cementing material mixture;
Mixing and stirring the obtained mixture and sand, adding a proper amount of tap water, and uniformly stirring to obtain mixed slurry;
the mixed slurry obtained above was charged in a predetermined amount into a mold of 40mm × 40mm × 160mm coated with a release agent, and placed on a vibration table for vibration molding.
And (3) curing the mould filled with the baking-free bricks for 24 hours under the standard curing condition that the relative humidity is more than or equal to 95 percent at the temperature of 20 +/-2 ℃, demoulding, and continuously curing to the specified age under the standard curing condition that the relative humidity is more than or equal to 95 percent at the temperature of 20 +/-2 ℃. Sample 1 was obtained.
Example 2:
270 parts of slag, 67.5 parts of fly ash and 112.5 parts of fly ash from incineration of household garbage. The sand is 2700 parts by mass, is natural river sand, has the grain diameter of 0.16-2.36 mm and contains less than 0.5 percent of mud. The method comprises the following specific steps:
sequentially adding slag, fly ash and household garbage incineration fly ash into a mortar stirrer according to weight percentage, and uniformly stirring to obtain a composite cementing material mixture;
mixing and stirring the obtained mixture and sand, adding a proper amount of tap water, and uniformly stirring to obtain mixed slurry;
the mixed slurry obtained above was charged in a predetermined amount into a mold of 40mm × 40mm × 160mm coated with a release agent, and placed on a vibration table for vibration molding.
And (3) curing the mould filled with the baking-free bricks for 24 hours under the standard curing condition that the relative humidity is more than or equal to 95 percent at the temperature of 20 +/-2 ℃, demoulding, and continuously curing to the specified age under the standard curing condition that the relative humidity is more than or equal to 95 percent at the temperature of 20 +/-2 ℃. Sample 2 was obtained.
Example 3:
202.5 parts of slag, 112.5 parts of fly ash and 135 parts of fly ash from incineration of household garbage. The mass fraction of the sand is 2750 parts, the sand is natural river sand, the grain diameter is 0.16-2.36 mm, and the mud content is less than 0.5%. The method comprises the following specific steps:
sequentially adding slag, fly ash and household garbage incineration fly ash into a mortar stirrer according to weight percentage, and uniformly stirring to obtain a composite cementing material mixture;
mixing and stirring the obtained mixture and sand, adding a proper amount of tap water, and uniformly stirring to obtain mixed slurry;
the mixed slurry obtained above was charged in a predetermined amount into a mold of 40mm × 40mm × 160mm coated with a release agent, and placed on a vibration table for vibration molding.
And (3) curing the mould filled with the baking-free bricks for 24 hours under the standard curing condition that the relative humidity is more than or equal to 95 percent at the temperature of 20 +/-2 ℃, demoulding, and continuously curing to the specified age under the standard curing condition that the relative humidity is more than or equal to 95 percent at the temperature of 20 +/-2 ℃. Sample 3 was obtained.
Example 4:
180 parts of slag, 112.5 parts of fly ash and 157.5 parts of fly ash from incineration of domestic garbage. The mass fraction of the sand is 2800 parts, the sand is natural river sand, the grain diameter is 0.16 mm-2.36 mm, and the mud content is less than 0.5%. The method comprises the following specific steps:
sequentially adding slag, fly ash and household garbage incineration fly ash into a mortar stirrer according to weight percentage, and uniformly stirring to obtain a composite cementing material mixture;
mixing and stirring the obtained mixture and sand, adding a proper amount of tap water, and uniformly stirring to obtain mixed slurry;
the mixed slurry obtained above was charged in a predetermined amount into a mold of 40mm × 40mm × 160mm coated with a release agent, and placed on a vibration table for vibration molding.
And (3) curing the mould filled with the baking-free bricks for 24 hours under the standard curing condition that the relative humidity is more than or equal to 95 percent at the temperature of 20 +/-2 ℃, demoulding, and continuously curing to the specified age under the standard curing condition that the relative humidity is more than or equal to 95 percent at the temperature of 20 +/-2 ℃. Sample 4 was obtained.
Example 5:
225 parts of slag, 45 parts of fly ash and 180 parts of domestic garbage incineration fly ash. The mass fraction of the sand is 2800 parts, the sand is natural river sand, the grain diameter is 0.16 mm-2.36 mm, and the mud content is less than 0.5%. The method comprises the following specific steps:
Sequentially adding slag, fly ash and household garbage incineration fly ash into a mortar stirrer according to weight percentage, and uniformly stirring to obtain a composite cementing material mixture;
mixing and stirring the obtained mixture and sand, adding a proper amount of tap water, and uniformly stirring to obtain mixed slurry;
the mixed slurry obtained above was charged in a predetermined amount into a mold of 40mm × 40mm × 160mm coated with a release agent, and placed on a vibration table for vibration molding.
And (3) curing the mould filled with the baking-free bricks for 24 hours under the standard curing condition that the relative humidity is more than or equal to 95 percent at the temperature of 20 +/-2 ℃, demoulding, and continuously curing to the specified age under the standard curing condition that the relative humidity is more than or equal to 95 percent at the temperature of 20 +/-2 ℃. Sample 5 was obtained.
Comparative example 1:
the fly ash and the household garbage incineration fly ash are 225 parts by weight of fly ash and 225 parts by weight of household garbage incineration fly ash. The mass fraction of the sand is 2800 parts, the sand is natural river sand, the grain diameter is 0.16 mm-2.36 mm, and the mud content is less than 0.5%. The method comprises the following specific steps:
sequentially adding the fly ash and the household garbage incineration fly ash into a mortar stirrer according to the weight percentage, and uniformly stirring to obtain a composite cementing material mixture;
mixing and stirring the obtained mixture and sand, adding a proper amount of tap water, and uniformly stirring to obtain mixed slurry;
The mixed slurry obtained above was charged in a certain amount into a mold of 40mm × 40mm × 160mm coated with a release agent, and placed on a vibration table for vibration molding.
And (3) curing the mould filled with the baking-free bricks for 24 hours under the standard curing condition that the relative humidity is more than or equal to 95 percent at the temperature of 20 +/-2 ℃, demoulding, and continuously curing to the specified age under the standard curing condition that the relative humidity is more than or equal to 95 percent at the temperature of 20 +/-2 ℃. Comparative sample 1 was obtained.
EXAMPLES evaluation of samples
The baking-free bricks obtained in examples 1 to 5 were subjected to tests for compressive strength and leaching concentration of heavy metals. The compression strength test is carried out according to the cement mortar strength test method (ISO method) (GB/T17671-1999), the heavy metal leaching concentration test is carried out by adopting an acetic acid buffer solution method in the solid waste-leaching toxicity leaching method (HJ/T300-2007), and the test result is compared with the concentration limit value in the domestic waste landfill control standard (GB 16889-2008).
TABLE 1 determination results of baking-free brick properties in examples
As can be seen from table 1, the strength of the baking-free bricks prepared in examples 1 to 5 of the present invention increases with the increase of the curing age, and the examples with the strength higher than 30MPa at 28d curing time can obtain that when a proper amount of industrial solid waste solidified domestic waste incineration ash is selected, the leaching amount of heavy metals meets the limit requirement of the domestic waste landfill control standard (GB 16889-2008), which indicates that the solidification of domestic waste incineration ash by using industrial solid waste slag and fly ash is completely feasible, and the harmful substances in the domestic waste incineration ash are well solidified. And the comparative example 1 does not discharge slag, and has lower strength and poorer heavy metal solidification capability.
The biggest difficulty in resource utilization of the household garbage incineration fly ash in the prior art is how to ensure that the heavy metal is dissolved out and cannot cause secondary pollution. Compared with the technical scheme of making bricks by using the household garbage incineration fly ash disclosed in CN110723929A, the baking-free brick and the concrete disclosed by the invention have the greatest characteristics that the solidification property of the baking-free brick and the concrete to lead, chromium and arsenic is particularly excellent, the baking-free brick and the concrete are rare in the existing application mode to the household garbage fly ash, and the environmental protection worry in the resource utilization process of the household garbage fly ash is greatly solved.
The strength aspect of comparative example 1 is not ideal, and the combination of raw materials of the present invention also plays a crucial role in improving strength.
The above-disclosed technical features are not limited to the combinations with other features disclosed, and other combinations between the technical features can be performed by those skilled in the art according to the objectives of the present invention to achieve the objectives of the present invention, and various modifications made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the design spirit of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The heavy metal curing baking-free brick is characterized by being prepared by mixing, molding and low-temperature curing raw materials comprising slag, fly ash, domestic garbage incineration fly ash and sand, wherein the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 180-270 parts of slag, 45-112.5 parts of fly ash, 90-180 parts of domestic waste incineration fly ash and 2650-2800 parts of sand, and no additional alkaline agent is added;
The household garbage incineration fly ash is bottom ash generated in the household garbage incineration process and generated in the household garbage incineration process, and settled at the bottoms of a flue and a chimney in a flue gas purification system in the household garbage incineration equipment.
2. The heavy metal-curable baking-free brick according to claim 1, wherein the sand is natural river sand having a particle size of 0.16 to 2.36mm and contains less than 0.5% of sludge.
3. The preparation method of the heavy metal curing baking-free brick is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, weighing required slag, fly ash and domestic garbage incineration fly ash according to the proportion of 180-270 parts of slag, 45-112.5 parts of fly ash and 90-180 parts of domestic garbage incineration fly ash, adding the weighed materials into a mixer, adding 2650-2800 parts of sand after stirring, and adding water according to the water-to-glue ratio of 0.3-0.7 to obtain mixed slurry; the household garbage incineration fly ash is bottom ash generated in the household garbage incineration process and settled at the bottoms of a flue gas purification system and a chimney in household garbage incineration equipment;
s2, filling the obtained mixed slurry into a mold, and molding;
s3, curing the mold filled with the mixed slurry at 18-24 ℃ for 20-30 h, demolding, and continuously curing at 18-24 ℃ for 20-60 h.
4. The method for producing a heavy metal-curable baking-free brick according to claim 3, wherein a water-to-binder ratio of 0.4 to 0.6 is used in S1.
5. The method for producing a heavy metal-curable baking-free brick according to claim 3, wherein the curing in S3 is performed in an environment having a humidity of 90% or more.
6. The method for preparing a heavy metal-curable baking-free brick according to claim 3, wherein the mold filled with the mixed slurry is cured at a temperature of 20 ± 2 ℃ for 20 to 24 hours, and then cured at a temperature of 20 ± 2 ℃ for 20 to 24 hours under a standard curing condition with a relative humidity of 95% or more.
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| CN114180865B (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2022-04-29 | 河北科技大学 | Method for resource utilization of municipal refuse incineration fly ash |
| CN114713601B (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2023-06-02 | 辽宁海天阁环保科技有限公司 | Point-to-point directional disposal and utilization method for fly ash of garbage incineration |
| CN115557735A (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2023-01-03 | 浙江工业大学 | Porous fly ash based polymer and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115432962B (en) * | 2022-10-27 | 2023-02-21 | 途昇(天津)环保科技有限公司 | Concrete with bottom ash from incineration of garbage and preparation method thereof |
| CN115650677B (en) * | 2022-11-09 | 2023-06-27 | 武汉大学 | Geopolymer cementing material for grouting reinforcement and preparation method thereof |
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