CN113264701A - Coal gangue powder used as pumping concrete admixture and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Coal gangue powder used as pumping concrete admixture and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113264701A CN113264701A CN202110422318.9A CN202110422318A CN113264701A CN 113264701 A CN113264701 A CN 113264701A CN 202110422318 A CN202110422318 A CN 202110422318A CN 113264701 A CN113264701 A CN 113264701A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/02—Treatment
- C04B20/04—Heat treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/12—Waste materials; Refuse from quarries, mining or the like
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of environmental protection and resource recycling, in particular to coal gangue powder used as a pumping concrete admixture and a preparation method and application thereof. Calcining natural coal gangue, sealing the pores of the calcined coal gangue by adopting liquid isobutyl triethoxy silane, and finally drying and grinding to obtain the coal gangue pore sealing material. When the coal gangue powder prepared by the method is doped into concrete, the early fluidity of the concrete mixture is not obviously reduced, and the production and construction requirements of the pumped concrete can be met. The construction method solves the construction problem that the fluidity of the concrete is greatly reduced due to the fact that the calcined coal gangue powder is mixed into the concrete, and meanwhile, because the isobutyl triethoxysilane is hydrolyzed in an alkaline environment, the coal gangue powder sealed in the hardened concrete is deblocked, so that the self-curing of the hardened concrete is facilitated, and the later strength and durability of the concrete are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of environmental protection and resource recycling, in particular to coal gangue powder used as a pumping concrete admixture and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
For the purposes of environmental protection, energy conservation and waste utilization, reduction of the production cost of concrete and improvement of the performance of concrete, artificial or natural admixtures are often blended into the concrete before or during stirring. Common admixtures are fly ash, ground slag powder, silica fume, ground calcined (spontaneous combustion) gangue powder and zeolite powder, and other industrial waste residues. The admixture has volcanic ash activity, but the microstructure has great difference, wherein, the fly ash is mainly of a glass micro-bead structure, and is beneficial to improving the fluidity of concrete when being doped into the concrete, so that the admixture is widely applied to various concrete projects at present. The admixture of the ground slag powder, the silica fume and the like has a relatively compact microstructure, does not have obvious influence on the fluidity of concrete, and is widely applied to concrete engineering at present. The finely ground calcined (self-ignited) coal gangue powder and zeolite powder are porous structures, and can absorb a large amount of water or additives for mixing concrete after being doped into the concrete, so that the fluidity of the concrete is obviously reduced, and the wide application of the coal gangue powder and the zeolite powder to the concrete is prevented.
The coal gangue is one of the largest industrial solid wastes discharged in China at present, the annual output reaches 3.8 hundred million tons, and a large amount of coal gangue is piled for a long time, which not only occupies the land, but also causes serious environmental pollution. More and more attention is paid to people on how to treat and comprehensively utilize the coal gangue. The calcined coal gangue has volcanic ash activity, and is used as an auxiliary cementing material, which is one of the generally accepted effective strategies for treating coal gangue in various countries. The cement is partially replaced by the proper amount of calcined coal gangue grinding fine powder, so that the pore structure of the cement-based material can be optimized, the durability of the cement-based material is enhanced, meanwhile, the reasonable doping of the calcined coal gangue grinding fine powder greatly reduces the production cost of the concrete, and reduces the carbon emission and energy consumption in the production of the cement industry. However, due to the porous structure of the calcined coal gangue powder, a large amount of mixing water and additives can be absorbed in the concrete mixing process, so that the flowability of fresh concrete is rapidly reduced, concrete, particularly pumping concrete, is difficult to construct, and the cheap and environment-friendly additives can not be widely applied to concrete engineering. Although the defect can be improved by adding sufficient high-efficiency water reducing agent, the required dosage is large, so that the workability of concrete mixture is difficult to control and the production cost is greatly increased, thereby preventing the concrete mixture from being widely applied to concrete. Therefore, there is a need to find an economical and effective method for improving the flowability of calcined gangue powder concrete to facilitate the application of calcined gangue powder in cement and concrete.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide coal gangue powder used as a pumping concrete admixture, a preparation method and application thereof, aims to solve the problem that a large amount of water and additives are absorbed by calcined coal gangue powder in the process of mixing concrete, and promotes the wide application of the calcined coal gangue powder in cement and concrete.
The research of the inventor subject group finds that the silane (isobutyl triethoxy silane) is used for dipping the calcined coal gangue particles with certain particle size, so that the calcined coal gangue particles have good hole sealing effect, and when the calcined coal gangue powder prepared from the treated calcined coal gangue is doped into concrete, the early fluidity of the concrete mixture is not obviously reduced, and the construction requirement of pumping concrete can be met. It should be noted that, if the calcined coal gangue is ground into powder and impregnated with silane, the powder becomes pasty, and it is difficult to prepare the calcined coal gangue powder.
Further research shows that the isobutyl triethoxysilane is hydrolyzed in an alkaline environment, and hardened concrete is in a high alkaline environment (the pH value is 12-13), so that calcined coal gangue powder which is sealed in the early stage is unsealed in the hardened concrete, the hardened concrete can absorb and store more water, the self-curing capability of the concrete is improved, and the later strength and durability of the concrete are improved.
The coal gangue powder used as the admixture of the pump concrete is prepared by calcining and activating natural coal gangue, sealing holes on the calcined coal gangue by silane, drying and grinding.
The natural coal gangue is calcined at 800 ℃ under 700-.
According to the invention, liquid isobutyl triethoxy silane is adopted to carry out hole sealing treatment on the calcined coal gangue, and then the treated calcined coal gangue is dried and ground to prepare silane-treated calcined coal gangue powder. When the coal gangue powder is used as a concrete admixture, the early-stage (within 1 h) fluidity of the concrete mixture is not obviously reduced due to the doping of the coal gangue powder, the 1h slump loss of the concrete is within 30mm, and the production and construction requirements of the pump concrete can be met.
The preparation method of the coal gangue powder used as the pumping concrete admixture provided by the invention comprises the following specific steps:
(1) calcining and activating natural coal gangue at the temperature of 700-;
(2) soaking the calcined coal gangue particles obtained in the step (1) in liquid silane to enable the silane to penetrate into pores of the calcined coal gangue;
(3) and (3) soaking the calcined coal gangue particles obtained in the step (2) in silane, filtering, drying and grinding to obtain silane-treated calcined coal gangue powder.
The isobutyl triethoxy silane in the step (2) is commercially available, and the main specification indexes are as follows: the appearance is transparent liquid; dissolving in most organic solvents such as acetone, benzene, diethyl ether, carbon tetrachloride, etc.; isobutyl triethoxysilane content 99% (weight ratio); density (25 ℃ C.) 0.88g/cm2(ii) a Activity: 100 percent.
In the step (2), the calcined coal gangue particles obtained in the step (1) are soaked in liquid silane for 24-48 h. But is not limited by this time. The soaking time is subject to the penetration of silane into pores in the calcined coal gangue, and the specific time is influenced by the size of the calcined coal gangue particles.
In the step (3), silane is used for soaking calcined coal gangue particles, the calcined coal gangue particles are filtered, dried for 24 hours at 100 ℃ or naturally dried, and ground until the specific surface area is not less than 400m2And/kg, obtaining silane-treated calcined coal gangue powder.
And (3) the silane-treated calcined coal gangue powder meets the technical requirements for cement mixed materials in the technical guideline for coal gangue utilization (GB/T29163-2012).
The invention also provides application of the coal gangue powder prepared by the method as a pumping concrete admixture.
Specifically, the prepared silane-treated calcined gangue powder is used as a concrete admixture to produce C80 and below grade concrete, and the optimal mixing amount is 10-20 wt% of the cement.
When the silane-treated calcined coal gangue powder is used for a concrete admixture, the mix proportion of the concrete is designed according to the design rule of common concrete mix proportion (JGJ 55), and the fluidity of the silane-treated calcined coal gangue powder is detected according to the standard of the performance test method of common concrete admixtures (GB/T50080). The early (within 1 h) fluidity of the concrete mixture is not obviously reduced due to the doping of the coal gangue powder, and the slump loss of the concrete within 1h is within 30 mm.
Research shows that when the cement substitution rate of the silane-treated calcined gangue powder is below 15%, the early strength of concrete is reduced a little, the later strength of concrete is improved compared with that of concrete without the gangue powder, and the optimal substitution rate of the silane-treated calcined gangue powder is 10% -20%. The silane treated coal gangue powder is used to replace 10-20% of cement to prepare concrete with good fluidity, high strength and high durability.
It should be understood that the silane of the present invention is not limited to isobutyltriethoxysilane, but also includes other silanes that can be used to impregnate or paint the calcined gangue, and the resulting silane-treated calcined gangue powder is commonly used in pumping concrete, but is not limited thereto and may also be used in non-pumping concrete. Furthermore, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teachings of the present invention, and such equivalents also fall within the scope of the appended claims.
The silane-treated calcined coal gangue powder prepared by the invention is applied to concrete, so that the performance of the concrete can be improved, firstly, the early fluidity of the concrete is not obviously reduced, and the technical requirement of concrete pumping is met, secondly, the silane is hydrolyzed under the alkaline condition, and the early 'hole sealing' is unsealed in the hardened concrete (with the pH value of 12-13), so that the self-maintenance of the hardened concrete is facilitated, and the later strength and durability of the concrete are improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the silane-treated calcined coal gangue powder prepared by impregnating calcined coal gangue with liquid isobutyl triethoxysilane is a green environment-friendly concrete admixture, is applied to concrete, and can solve the problem that the flowability of the concrete doped with calcined coal gangue powder is excessively reduced so that the construction is difficult. The silane-treated calcined coal gangue powder prepared by the invention is applied to concrete, can greatly improve the utilization rate of coal gangue and improve the environmental problem caused by mass accumulation of the coal gangue. Meanwhile, the situation that the admixture market supply is short, such as the situation that the supply of the admixtures such as fly ash and mineral powder is short, which is caused by the widely used admixture technology of modern concrete can be relieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a transparent liquid of isobutyltriethoxysilane used in the examples of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the water absorption condition of calcined gangue powder after dropping water.
FIG. 3 shows the condition that the silane treated calcined coal gangue powder does not absorb water after dropping water.
Fig. 4, example 1, shows the behavior of the mortar flow as a function of time, wherein: c is standard cement mortar, GC is calcined gangue powder cement mortar doped with 15 percent of coal gangue powder, and SGC is calcined gangue powder cement mortar doped with 15 percent of silane.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which illustrate the salient features and significant improvements of the invention, and which are intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting in any way.
Example 1:
in this example, the effect of calcined gangue powder and silane-treated calcined gangue powder on the fluidity of cement mortar was compared.
The operation steps are as follows:
(1) calcining and activating natural original-state coal gangue at 750 ℃, cooling to room temperature, and crushing to prepare calcined coal gangue particles with the particle size of 4-6 mm;
(2) grinding the calcined coal gangue particles obtained in the step (1) to 400m of specific surface area2Per kg of calcined gangue powder;
(3) soaking the calcined coal gangue particles obtained in the step (1) in isobutyl triethoxy silane liquid for 48 hours to enable silane to fully permeate into zeolite pores;
(4) soaking the calcined coal gangue particles obtained in the step (3) in silane, filtering, drying for 24 hours at 100 ℃, and grinding to a specific surface area of 400m2Obtaining silane-treated calcined coal gangue powder;
(5) preparing standard cement mortar (cement + standard sand + water) according to a cement mortar fluidity determination method (GB/T2419), simultaneously preparing calcined gangue powder cement mortar (cement + calcined gangue powder + standard sand + water) by respectively replacing 15% of cement with the two calcined gangue powders prepared in the step (2) and the step (4), and then testing the fluidity of the 3 kinds of mortar every 15 min.
FIG. 1 is a liquid transparent isobutyltriethoxysilane used in example 1; dripping a drop of water on the calcined coal gangue powder obtained in the step (2), and finding that the water drops immediately permeate into the calcined coal gangue powder, which shows that the calcined coal gangue powder has strong water absorption, and the water absorption condition after dripping is shown in fig. 2; and (3) dripping a drop of water on the silane-treated calcined gangue powder obtained in the step (4), wherein the drop of water is found to be spherical, which shows that the silane-treated calcined gangue powder has remarkable hydrophobicity, and the condition that the calcined gangue powder does not absorb water after dripping water is shown in figure 3.
FIG. 4 shows the results of the 3 mortar fluidity tests in example 1 as a function of time. Tests show that the initial fluidity of the standard cement mortar (C) is 217mm, the fluidity of the standard cement mortar is reduced at the speed of 0.3mm/min, and the fluidity is 199mm when 60min is reached; the initial fluidity of the cement mortar doped with 15% of calcined coal gangue powder (GC) is 185mm, which is obviously lower than that of C, the fluidity is rapidly reduced at the speed of 0.52mm/min, and is 154mm when 60min is reached, which shows that the fluidity of the cement mortar is obviously reduced by the doping of the calcined coal gangue powder; the initial fluidity of the calcined gangue powder cement mortar (SGC) doped with 15% of silane is 221mm, is slightly larger than the initial fluidity of C, the fluidity slowly decreases at the speed of 0.2mm/min, and can still reach 209mm after 60min, which shows that the initial fluidity of the calcined gangue powder doped with silane is larger than C, and the decreasing rate of the fluidity is obviously lower than C, which shows that the fluidity of the cement mortar can be obviously delayed.
Example 2:
in this example, the effect of calcined gangue powder and silane-treated calcined gangue powder on concrete slump and compressive strength were compared. The method comprises the following steps:
(1) concrete was prepared according to the following 3 mix ratios, respectively. The mixing proportion 1 is standard concrete, the mixing proportion 2 is calcined gangue powder to replace 15% of cement to prepare concrete, and the mixing proportion 3 is silane-treated calcined gangue powder to replace 15% of cement to prepare concrete.
TABLE 1 concrete mix proportion (unit: kg/m)3)
(2) The slump loss of the above 3 types of concrete was measured with time in accordance with Standard test methods for ordinary concrete mixture Properties (GB/T50080), and the results are shown in Table 2. Tests show that the initial slump of the reference concrete (mixing proportion 1) is 205mm, then the slump is reduced at the average speed of 0.42mm/min to 180mm in 60min, and the pumping requirement can be still met; the calcined coal gangue powder replaces 15% of cement to prepare concrete (mixing ratio is 2), the initial slump is 165mm and is obviously lower than the initial slump of the reference concrete, then the initial slump is rapidly reduced by 1.08mm/min on average, the pumping requirement (130mm) cannot be met after 30min, the concrete is in a viscous stacking state after 60min, the pumping performance (100mm) is completely lost, and the concrete flowability can be obviously reduced by doping the calcined coal gangue powder; the silane-treated calcined gangue powder replaces 15% of cement to prepare concrete (mixing ratio 3), the initial slump is 210mm and is slightly larger than the initial slump of the reference concrete, then the initial slump is slowly reduced at the average speed of 0.33mm/min to be 200mm in 30min, good pumpability is still achieved, and the initial slump can still reach 195mm in 60min, which shows that the flowability reduction of the concrete can be obviously delayed by the doping of the silane-treated calcined gangue powder, and the pumpability requirement can be completely met within 1 h.
TABLE 2 concrete slump loss test results over time (mm)
(3) The compressive strengths of the 3 types of concrete after standard curing for 7 days, 28 days and 56 days were respectively tested according to the Standard test methods for mechanical Properties of general concrete (GB/T50081), and the results are shown in Table 3. Tests show that the early strength (7 days) of the concrete is lower than that of a reference concrete, the 28-day strength is slightly lower than that of the reference group, and the 56-day strength is slightly higher than that of the reference group by the doping of the calcined coal gangue powder, so that the calcined coal gangue powder has high pozzolanic activity, but the pozzolanic activity is exerted slowly, and the later strength increasing effect on the concrete is obvious. The later strength of the concrete prepared by replacing 15% of cement with calcined coal gangue powder treated by silane (mixing ratio 3) is greater than that of the concrete prepared by replacing 15% of cement with calcined coal gangue powder (mixing ratio 2), which shows that silane can be hydrolyzed in alkaline environment, and in hardened concrete, the calcined coal gangue powder which is sealed in hole at the early stage is deblocked, so that more water can be absorbed and stored for self-curing of the concrete, and the later strength of the concrete is improved.
TABLE 3 concrete compressive Strength test results (MPa)
| Mixing ratio | 7 days | 28 days | For 56 days |
| 1 | 43.3 | 52.8 | 58.9 |
| 2 | 39.9 | 51.3 | 59.7 |
| 3 | 39.7 | 51.9 | 60.3 |
The above examples only show two embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, according to the above-mentioned conception of the present invention, after reading the teaching of the present invention, various changes or modifications can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art, and these equivalents also fall within the scope of the present invention defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The gangue powder used as the admixture of pumping concrete is prepared through calcining natural gangue to activate, sealing the calcined gangue with silane, drying and grinding.
2. The coal gangue powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the natural coal gangue is calcined at 800 ℃ and the silane is isobutyl triethoxy silane.
3. The method for preparing the gangue powder as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) calcining and activating natural coal gangue at the temperature of 700-;
(2) soaking the calcined coal gangue particles obtained in the step (1) in liquid silane to enable the silane to penetrate into pores of the calcined coal gangue;
(3) and (3) soaking the calcined coal gangue particles obtained in the step (2) in silane, filtering, drying and grinding to obtain silane-treated calcined coal gangue powder.
4. The method for preparing coal gangue powder as claimed in claim 3, wherein the silane is isobutyl triethoxy silane.
5. The method for preparing the coal gangue powder as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step (2), the calcined coal gangue particles obtained in the step (1) are soaked in the silane solution for 24-48 h.
6. The method for preparing coal gangue powder as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step (3), the calcined coal gangue particles are soaked in silane, filtered, dried at 100 ℃ for 24h or naturally dried, and ground to a specific surface area of not less than 400m2And/kg, obtaining silane-treated calcined coal gangue powder.
7. Use of the gangue powder of claim 1 as an admixture for pump concrete.
8. The use according to claim 7 as a C80 and below grade concrete admixture.
9. The use according to claim 8, wherein the gangue powder of claim 1 is added in an amount of 10-20 wt% based on the amount of cement.
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| CN113816689A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2021-12-21 | 南京工程学院 | Solid waste light coal gangue sprayed concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN114133626A (en) * | 2021-10-24 | 2022-03-04 | 北京工业大学 | High-added-value utilization method of coal gangue |
| CN115403301A (en) * | 2022-10-11 | 2022-11-29 | 山东众森科技股份有限公司 | Additive for preparing high-performance concrete admixture from spontaneous combustion coal gangue and application |
| CN118063159A (en) * | 2024-02-02 | 2024-05-24 | 天元建设集团有限公司 | Concrete suitable for steel lattice column internal pouring and construction method thereof |
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| CN118063159A (en) * | 2024-02-02 | 2024-05-24 | 天元建设集团有限公司 | Concrete suitable for steel lattice column internal pouring and construction method thereof |
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