CN113263611A - Tubular ceramic, preparation method thereof, mold and support body preparation method - Google Patents
Tubular ceramic, preparation method thereof, mold and support body preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113263611A CN113263611A CN202110530970.2A CN202110530970A CN113263611A CN 113263611 A CN113263611 A CN 113263611A CN 202110530970 A CN202110530970 A CN 202110530970A CN 113263611 A CN113263611 A CN 113263611A
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 163
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002383 tung oil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002431 foraging effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B21/00—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles
- B28B21/52—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles by extruding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/24—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for curing, setting or hardening
- B28B11/243—Setting, e.g. drying, dehydrating or firing ceramic articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B21/00—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles
- B28B21/76—Moulds
- B28B21/82—Moulds built-up from several parts; Multiple moulds; Moulds with adjustable parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28C1/00—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay
- B28C1/10—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay for processing clay-containing substances in non-fluid condition ; Plants
- B28C1/14—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay for processing clay-containing substances in non-fluid condition ; Plants specially adapted for homogenising, comminuting or conditioning clay in non-fluid condition or for separating undesired admixtures therefrom
- B28C1/16—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay for processing clay-containing substances in non-fluid condition ; Plants specially adapted for homogenising, comminuting or conditioning clay in non-fluid condition or for separating undesired admixtures therefrom for homogenising, e.g. by mixing, kneading ; forcing through slots
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
- B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16S—CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS IN GENERAL; STRUCTURES BUILT-UP FROM SUCH ELEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- F16S3/00—Elongated members, e.g. profiled members; Assemblies thereof; Gratings or grilles
Abstract
The invention discloses tubular ceramic, which comprises a tube body and an end part connected with one end of the tube body, wherein the end part and the tube body are integrally formed, and the length of the cross section of the end part is not less than that of the cross section of the tube body; and discloses a tubular ceramic preparation method, a tubular ceramic mold and a support body preparation method; the tubular ceramic comprises a tube body and the end part connected with one end of the tube body, the end part and the tube body are integrally formed, the length of the cross section of the end part is not smaller than that of the tube body, the tubular ceramic body can be fired by a hanging firing process, the straightness of the tube body is guaranteed, and the ceramic tube body structure cannot be damaged due to the integral forming of the ceramic body, so that the problem of low yield in sintering is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tubular ceramics, in particular to the field of solid fuel cell supports.
Background
With the increasing development of ceramic technology, the application of high-performance ceramic materials almost covers various fields such as military industry, energy, chemical industry, environmental protection and the like; thin-wall slender ceramic pipe fittings used as high-performance ceramic materials are developed rapidly in recent years in basic components of various application fields, such as supporting bodies for molecular sieve membranes, ceramic pipes for high-voltage electrical appliance industry, tubular solid oxide fuel cells and the like, all put high requirements on the wall thickness, the length and the straightness of small-caliber ceramic pipes, and particularly the tubular solid oxide fuel cells have longer requirements on the required pipe diameters, the required pipe walls and the required pipe lengths.
The straightness of the ceramic tube is ensured, the ceramic blank is generally fired in a suspension firing mode, and when the ceramic tube is long, the suspension firing mode is adopted to ensure the straightness of the ceramic tube; in the traditional technology, the hanging burning is carried out by adopting a mode of drilling a hole and inserting a hanging burning rod into a pipe body blank or a mode of adding a hanging burning head after the ceramic pipe type blank is formed, but when the ceramic blank with the outer diameter less than 20mm and the wall thickness of 1-5mm is hung and burned by adopting a traditional mode of drilling the hole and inserting the hanging burning rod, the structure of the pipe type ceramic blank is easily damaged during punching due to the influences of thin diameter and thin wall thickness of the pipe body, so that the processing is difficult and the finished product rate of the finished product is low; the traditional method that the hanging burning head is added after the ceramic body blank is formed is adopted for hanging burning, and because the ceramic body blank is not integrally formed, when the pipe body is connected with the hanging head, the structure of the pipe body is easy to deform or damage, and meanwhile, the connection part of the pipe body and the hanging head is not firm, so that the pipe body falls off during hanging burning, and the pipe body is damaged; finally, the production cost, the yield and the market popularization of the final finished product are influenced, and the problem of low yield in sintering the tubular ceramic blank with small pipe diameter and thin pipe wall is solved, so that the problem in the field is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of low yield when a tubular ceramic blank with small pipe diameter and thin pipe wall is sintered, and provides tubular ceramic, a tubular ceramic preparation method and a support body preparation method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a tubular ceramic comprising a tubular body and an end portion connected to one end of the tubular body, the end portion being integrally formed with the tubular body, the end portion having a cross-sectional length not less than the cross-sectional length of the tubular body; namely, the tube body part and the end part of the tubular ceramic blank are integrally formed, and the radial length of the end part is not less than that of the tube body.
Compared with the prior art, the tubular ceramic has the advantages that the tubular ceramic comprises the tube body and the end part, so that the tubular ceramic can be subjected to hanging firing, the final tubular ceramic is high in straightness, and deformation does not occur; through the integral molding of the end part and the pipe body, the integral molding of the end part and the pipe body joint part can not occur by firstly preparing a pipe body blank body and an end part blank body, and then bonding the two parts, the strength of the bonding part is not firm, the integral distribution of the integral molding of the end part and the pipe body joint part ceramic pug is uniform, the internal expansion coefficient is uniform, the distribution of crystal grains generated during sintering is uniform, and finally the end part and the pipe body are firmly connected; the end part is firmly connected with the pipe body, so that the pipe body is prevented from being separated from the end part due to long hanging burning time when the end part is hung for hanging burning, and the damage of tubular ceramics in the sintering process is avoided; the end part and the tube body are integrally formed, so that the problems that the tube body structure is damaged and deformed in the operation process when the independent end part blank body is combined with the independent tube body blank body due to the fact that the blank body is easy to deform when the length of the cross section of the tube body is smaller than 30mm, particularly smaller than 20mm, and the thickness of the tube wall of the tube body is 1-5mm can be solved, the yield of the tubular ceramic is improved, the product quality is improved, and meanwhile, the production cost is also saved.
Further, the end part is of a hollow structure, and the hollow part of the end part is communicated with the pipe body.
The technical scheme adopted in the previous step has the beneficial effects that the end part is of a hollow structure, so that the structure continuity of the joint of the pipe body and the end part is realized, the expansion coefficients of the joint of the end part and the pipe body are basically consistent, and the strength of the joint is high; and the problem that when the end part is not hollow, the end part blank body expands and protrudes towards all directions when being sintered due to large expansion amount in all directions, particularly protrudes towards the hollow part of the pipe body at the joint part, so that the interior of the pipe body at the joint part is changed is avoided.
Further, the end part is conical, and the narrow end of the end part is connected with the pipe body; the axial length of the end part is 5-10mm, and preferably, the maximum cross-sectional length of the end part is 5-12mm larger than that of the pipe body; the angle between the tube wall of the tube body and the outer wall of the end part is not more than 160 degrees, and preferably 130 degrees and 160 degrees;
and/or
The length of the cross section of the pipe body is less than or equal to 30 mm; the thickness of the pipe wall of the pipe body is 1-5 mm; the preferential end part is a cone, the outer diameter of the small end surface of the cone is the same as that of the pipe body and is connected with the pipe body, the outer diameter of the large end surface of the cone is 5-12mm larger than that of the pipe body, the axial length of the cone is 5-10mm, and the outer diameter of the cross section of the pipe body is preferably less than or equal to 20 mm;
the technical scheme has the beneficial effects that the axial length of the end part is 5-10mm, so that the tubular ceramic blank body is fixed on the support frame by the end part in the hanging burning process, and the damage to the end part due to the fact that the end part is too small in thickness and cannot bear the gravity of the tube body due to too small axial length of the end part in the hanging burning process is avoided; because the angle between the pipe wall of the pipe body and the outer wall of the end part is enlarged when the axial length of the end part is large, the angle penetrates through the range of less than or equal to 160 degrees, and the maximum cross section length of the end part needs to be increased in order to realize that the angle between the pipe wall of the pipe body and the outer wall of the end part is less than or equal to 160 degrees;
the tube-shaped ceramic body can be fixed on the support frame by the end part through the angle between the tube wall of the tube body and the outer wall of the end part being 130-160 degrees, and the tube body part is not easy to damage during hoisting, namely when the angle is small, the ceramic body is hoisted on the support frame, the tube body part is easy to damage, when the angle is too large, the tube-shaped ceramic body is not easy to be fixed on the support frame by the end part, and the main beneficial effects are that the structure of the tube body is not changed or damaged during the preparation process of the tube-shaped ceramic body,
when the angle is too large, the outer wall of the tube body is scratched or damaged when the formed tube body part blank is discharged from the end cavity easily in the preparation process of the tube type ceramic blank, and when the angle is too small, the wall thickness of the tube body is not uniform when the formed tube body part blank is discharged from the end cavity easily; when the end is conical, the strength is high.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing a tubular ceramic, comprising the steps of: an end cavity matched with the end part in shape is arranged at a discharge hole of the extrusion equipment; conveying ceramic pug to the end cavity through an extrusion device until an end blank is formed; opening the end cavity, continuously conveying the ceramic pug to a discharge port through extrusion equipment until the pipe body blank reaches a preset length to prepare a tubular ceramic blank, and firing the tubular ceramic blank to obtain the ceramic pipe; the ceramic pug can be added into the base extrusion equipment, after the extrusion equipment is started, when the ceramic pug is about to reach a discharge port, the cavity at the end part is blocked by the baffle, after the blocking time is reached, the baffle is removed, the blocking time is preferably 2-5s, and the ceramic pug is conveyed to the cavity at the end part by the extrusion equipment until the end part blank body is formed, preferably 2-300 s.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that the end cavity matched with the end part in shape is arranged at the discharge hole of the extrusion equipment, so that the tubular ceramic blank body can be integrally formed, the tubular ceramic blank body comprises the tube body blank body and the end part blank body, and the blank body does not need to be manually contacted in the process of forming the blank body, and is formed by basic equipment at one time, thereby ensuring the forming rate of the tubular ceramic blank body and greatly reducing the probability of structural damage in the forming process of the tubular ceramic blank body; by the plugging time being preferably 2-5s, the tubular ceramic blank can comprise an end part, and meanwhile, the phenomenon that the final yield is low due to the fact that the ceramic pug is extruded to cause the structure of a tube body to change or the density distribution of the whole inner part of the tubular ceramic blank is not uniform is avoided; the integrally formed tubular ceramic body can be subjected to suspension sintering, so that the final tubular ceramic has high straightness and is not deformed; the integrally formed end part and the pipe body joint part cannot be firmly connected by firstly preparing a pipe body blank and an end part blank and then bonding the two parts, the bonding part is not firm in strength, the integrally formed end part and the pipe body joint part are uniformly distributed with ceramic pug, the internal expansion coefficient is uniform, and crystal grains generated in sintering are uniformly distributed; the end part is firmly connected with the pipe body, so that the pipe body is prevented from being separated from the end part due to long hanging burning time when the end part is hung for hanging burning, and the damage of tubular ceramics in the sintering process is avoided; the end part and the tube body are integrally formed, so that the problems that the tube body structure is damaged and deformed in the operation process when the independent end part blank body is combined with the independent tube body blank body due to the fact that the blank body is easy to deform when the length of the cross section of the tube body is smaller than 30mm, particularly smaller than 20mm, and the thickness of the tube wall of the tube body is 1-5mm can be solved, the yield of the tubular ceramic is improved, the product quality is improved, and meanwhile, the production cost is also saved.
Further, the end cavity comprises a cavity connecting end and a cavity protruding end, and the cavity connecting end is connected with the tubular cavity; the tubular cavity is matched with the shape of the pipe body; preferably, the axial length of the end cavity is 5-10mm, and the maximum cross-sectional length of the end cavity is 5-10mm greater than the cross-sectional length of the tubular cavity; the angle between the inner wall of the tubular cavity and the inner wall of the end cavity is not more than 160 degrees, and the angle between the inner wall of the tubular cavity and the inner wall of the end cavity is preferably 130 degrees and 160 degrees.
The technical scheme has the beneficial effects that the continuous extrusion can be realized through the end cavity, and the tubular ceramic blank is manufactured through integral forming, so that a tubular body blank is formed when ceramic pug passes through the tubular cavity, when the end cavity is blocked by a baffle during production, the tubular body blank passes through the end blank and then becomes the end blank, the end blank is extruded and formed after the baffle is removed, meanwhile, the subsequent ceramic pug passes through the tubular cavity to form a subsequent tubular body blank, the subsequent tubular body blank is directly extruded and formed into the tubular body blank through the end blank, and finally, the tubular ceramic blank is integrally formed; when the angle between the inner wall of the tubular cavity and the inner wall of the end cavity is too large, in the preparation process of the tubular ceramic blank, the outer wall of the tube body is damaged when the formed tube body part blank is discharged from the end cavity easily, and when the angle is too small, the formed tube body part blank is discharged from the end cavity easily, and the thickness of the outer wall of the tube body is not uniform and changes.
Further, the firing process is suspension firing and comprises the following steps: hanging the tubular ceramic blank body on a support frame with a through hole firmly for sintering; the length of the cross section of the through hole is greater than that of the cross section of the pipe body blank and is less than the maximum cross section of the end part blank; the pipe body blank penetrates through the through hole, and the end part blank and the pipe body blank are positioned on two sides of the through hole, so that the pipe body ceramic blank is firmly hung on the support frame.
The technical scheme has the beneficial effects that the tubular ceramic blank is firmly hung on the support frame with the through holes for sintering, so that the tubular ceramic blank is high in straightness.
According to another aspect of the invention, a mold is provided, the mold is used for preparing tubular ceramics, and comprises a mandrel and a shaft sleeve sleeved on the mandrel, and the mandrel and the shaft sleeve form a through accommodating cavity; the through accommodating cavity comprises a tubular cavity and an end cavity, the end cavity comprises a cavity connecting end and a cavity protruding end, the cavity connecting end is connected with the tubular cavity, and the shape of the cavity protruding end is matched with that of the end; preferably, the axial length of the end cavity is 5-10mm, and the maximum cross-sectional length of the end cavity is 5-12mm greater than the cross-sectional length of the tubular cavity; the angle between the inner wall of the tubular cavity and the inner wall of the end cavity is not more than 160 degrees, and the angle between the inner wall of the tubular cavity and the inner wall of the end cavity is preferably 130 degrees and 160 degrees.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that the through accommodating cavity formed in the tubular ceramic die comprises a tubular cavity and an end cavity, so that continuous extrusion can be realized, and a tubular ceramic blank is manufactured through integral molding, namely, a pipe body blank is formed when ceramic pug passes through the tubular cavity, when the end cavity is blocked by a baffle during production, the pipe body blank becomes an end blank after passing through the end blank, the end blank is extruded and molded after removing the baffle, meanwhile, the subsequent ceramic pug passes through the tubular cavity to form a subsequent pipe body blank, the subsequent pipe body blank is directly extruded and molded through the end blank to form the pipe body blank, and finally, the tubular ceramic blank is integrally molded; when the angle between the inner wall of the tubular cavity and the inner wall of the end cavity is too large, in the preparation process of the tubular ceramic blank, the outer wall of the tube body is damaged when the formed tube body part blank is discharged from the end cavity easily, and when the angle is too small, the formed tube body part blank is discharged from the end cavity easily, and the thickness of the outer wall of the tube body is not uniform and changes.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a support body preparation method including the tubular ceramic preparation method; the support is used for a solid fuel cell.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the beneficial effects that the tubular ceramic blank body can be integrally formed by the tubular ceramic preparation method, the tubular ceramic blank body comprises the tube body blank body and the end part blank body, and in the process of forming the blank body, the blank body does not need to be manually contacted, and the tubular ceramic blank body is formed by basic equipment at one time, so that the forming rate of the tubular ceramic blank body is ensured, and the probability of structural damage in the forming process of the tubular ceramic blank body is greatly reduced; the internal density distribution of the whole tubular ceramic blank is not uniform, and the low final yield is avoided; the tubular ceramic blank can be subjected to suspension sintering, so that the final tubular ceramic has high straightness and is not deformed; the strength of the integrated end part and the pipe body is firm, the ceramic mud is uniformly distributed integrally, the internal expansion coefficient is uniform, crystal grains generated during sintering are uniformly distributed, and the end part and the pipe body are firmly connected; the pipe body can be prevented from being separated from the end part when the end part is hung and burned, and the damage of the tubular ceramic in the sintering process is avoided; finally, the yield of the tubular ceramic is improved, and the product quality is improved.
Further, removing the end part of the tubular ceramic to obtain the solid fuel cell support.
The solid fuel cell support body prepared by the method has the advantages of high yield, high quality and production cost saving.
Further, the preparation method of the ceramic mud comprises the following steps: adding a solid material into mixing equipment, and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder, wherein the solid material comprises NiO-YSZ powder, PMMA pellets and cellulose, and the mass ratio of the NiO-YSZ powder to the PMMA pellets is 100: (5-15): (4-10);
uniformly mixing liquid materials to obtain a mixed solution, wherein the liquid materials comprise glycerol, tung oil, a PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) aqueous solution and deionized water in a mass ratio of (2-5): (6-20): (5-15): (8-15);
adding the mixed solution into the mixing equipment containing the mixed powder in a spraying manner; the mixing equipment is continuously mixed for 1-20min after the mixed liquid is added, so as to obtain semi-finished ceramic pug;
taking out the semi-finished ceramic pug, sealing and placing in the shade for aging for 1-5 days;
and adding the aged and decayed semi-finished ceramic pug into pugging equipment for pugging, and pugging for 1-5 times to obtain the ceramic pug.
The technical scheme adopted by the previous step has the beneficial effects that the semi-finished ceramic pug prepared by the steps has the advantages that solid-liquid phases are uniformly mixed, internal materials are uniformly distributed, the strength of the semi-finished ceramic pug is high, the liquid materials not only realize uniform mixing of object materials, but also realize high bonding strength of the semi-finished ceramic pug, and gradient pore diameters are formed due to different volatilization temperatures and molecular sizes of glycerin, tung oil and PVA during firing, so that the deposition phenomenon of the solid fuel cell in the use process is favorably reduced; according to the types and the amount of the added materials and different aging times, the amount of large-size solid materials in the ceramic pug is greatly reduced, and the uniform dispersion of the particle sizes of partial liquid materials is realized; through the final pugging, the uniform particle size of solid materials in the ceramic pug is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a tubular ceramic of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a tubular ceramic of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a left side view of a tubular ceramic of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a tubular ceramic mold of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a left side view of a tubular ceramic mold of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a sectional view of a solid fuel cell support body of the present invention.
The reference numbers shown in the figures: 1. an end portion; 2. a pipe body; 3. a mandrel; 4. a shaft sleeve; 5. an end cavity; 6. a tubular cavity; 7. a solid fuel cell support.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical scheme of the invention, the invention is further explained by combining the specific embodiment and the attached drawings of the specification.
Example 1:
in one aspect of the present embodiment, a tubular ceramic is invented, including a tube body 2 and an end portion 1 connected to one end of the tube body 2, where the end portion 1 is integrally formed with the tube body 2, and a cross-sectional length of the end portion 1 is not less than a cross-sectional length of the tube body 2; the radial length of the end portion 1 is not less than the radial length of the pipe body 2. The length of the cross section of the pipe body 2 is 10mm, the thickness of the pipe wall of the pipe body 2 is 2mm, the length of the pipe body 2 is 1000mm, the axial length of the end part 1 is 5mm, and the maximum length of the cross section of the end part 1 is 8.6mm, namely 18.6mm, greater than that of the cross section of the pipe body 2; the angle between the pipe wall of the pipe body 2 and the outer wall of the end part 1 is 150 degrees;
the end part 1 is of a hollow structure, the hollow part of the end part 1 is communicated with the pipe body 2, the end part 1 is of a conical shape, the narrow end of the end part 1 is connected with the pipe body 2, and the cross section of the narrow end of the end part 1 is 10mm in length.
According to another aspect of the invention, a tubular ceramic preparation method is invented, which comprises the following steps: an end cavity 5 matched with the end part 1 in shape is arranged at a discharge hole of the extrusion equipment; conveying ceramic pug to the end cavity 5 through an extrusion device until an end blank is formed; opening the end cavity 5, continuously conveying the ceramic pug to a discharge port through extrusion equipment until the pipe body blank reaches a preset length to prepare a tubular ceramic blank, and firing the tubular ceramic blank to obtain the ceramic pipe; can add basic extrusion equipment through ceramic pug, open extrusion equipment after, when ceramic pug is about to reach the discharge gate, plug tip cavity 5 with the baffle, reach behind the shutoff time, remove the baffle, the shutoff time is preferred 3s, carry ceramic pug to tip cavity 5 through extrusion equipment and to forming the preferential 100s of tip 1 body time.
The end cavity 5 comprises a cavity connecting end and a cavity protruding end, and the cavity connecting end is connected with a tubular cavity 6; the tubular cavity 5 is matched with the shape of the pipe body 2; the axial length of the end cavity 5 is 5mm, and the maximum cross-sectional length of the end cavity 5 is 8.6mm greater than the cross-sectional length of the tubular cavity 6; the angle between the inner wall of the tubular cavity 6 and the inner wall of the end cavity 5 is 150 degrees.
The sintering process is suspension sintering and comprises the following steps: hanging the tubular ceramic blank body on a support frame with a through hole firmly for sintering; the length of the cross section of the through hole is greater than that of the cross section of the pipe body blank and is less than the maximum cross section of the end part blank; the pipe body blank penetrates through the through hole, and the end part blank and the pipe body blank are positioned on two sides of the through hole, so that the pipe body ceramic blank is firmly hung on the support frame.
According to another aspect of the invention, the die is used for preparing tubular ceramics and comprises a mandrel 3 and a shaft sleeve 4 sleeved on the mandrel, wherein the mandrel 3 and the shaft sleeve 4 form a through accommodating cavity; the through accommodating cavity comprises a tubular cavity 6 and an end cavity 5, the end cavity 5 comprises a cavity connecting end and a cavity protruding end, the cavity connecting end is connected with the tubular cavity 6, and the shape of the cavity protruding end is matched with that of the end; the axial length of the end cavity 5 is 5mm, and the maximum cross-sectional length of the end cavity 5 is 8.6mm greater than the cross-sectional length of the tubular cavity 6; the angle between the inner wall of the tubular cavity 6 and the inner wall of the end cavity 5 is 150 degrees.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is invented a method for producing a support for a solid fuel cell, including the method for producing a tubular ceramic.
And removing the end part of the tubular ceramic to obtain the solid fuel cell support body 7.
Also comprises the steps of the preparation of the ceramic pug: adding a solid material into mixing equipment, and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder, wherein the solid material comprises NiO-YSZ powder, PMMA pellets and cellulose, and the mass ratio of the NiO-YSZ powder to the PMMA pellets is 100: 10: 7;
uniformly mixing liquid materials to obtain a mixed solution, wherein the liquid materials comprise glycerol, tung oil, a PVA (polyvinyl acetate) aqueous solution and deionized water, and the mass ratio of the liquid materials is 3.5: 23: 10: 11;
adding the mixed solution into the mixing equipment containing the mixed powder in a spraying manner; the mixing equipment is continuously mixed for 10min after the mixed liquid is added, so that semi-finished ceramic pug is obtained; taking out the semi-finished ceramic pug, sealing and placing in the shade for aging for 2 days;
and adding the aged and decayed semi-finished ceramic pug into pugging equipment for pugging, and pugging for 3 times to obtain the ceramic pug.
Example 2:
the same contents of the ceramic membrane module and the filter device of the present embodiment as those of embodiment 1 are not repeated; in one aspect of the present embodiment, a tubular ceramic is invented, where the length of the cross section of a tube body 2 is 15mm, the thickness of the tube wall of the tube body 2 is 1mm, the length of the tube body 2 is 1200mm, the axial length of the end portion 1 is 8mm, and the maximum length of the cross section of the end portion 1 is 6mm, namely 21mm, greater than the length of the cross section of the tube body 2; the angle between the tube wall of the tube body 2 and the outer wall of the end part is 160 degrees; the narrow end cross-sectional length of the end portion 1 is 15 mm.
According to another aspect of the invention, the plugging time is preferably 2s, and the time for conveying the ceramic pug to the end cavity 5 through the extrusion equipment to form the end blank is preferably 80 s.
The axial length of the end cavity 5 is 8mm, and the maximum cross-sectional length of the end cavity 5 is 6mm greater than the cross-sectional length of the tubular cavity 6; the angle between the inner wall of the tubular cavity 6 and the inner wall of the end cavity 5 is 160 degrees.
According to another aspect of the invention, the invention provides a mold for preparing tubular ceramic, wherein the axial length of the end cavity 5 is 8mm, and the maximum cross-sectional length of the end cavity 5 is 6mm larger than the cross-sectional length of the tubular cavity 6; the angle between the inner wall of the tubular cavity 6 and the inner wall of the end cavity 5 is 160 degrees.
According to another aspect of the invention, the preparation method of the support comprises the following steps of preparing solid materials from NiO-YSZ powder, PMMA pellets and cellulose, wherein the mass ratio of the solid materials is 100: 5: 4;
the liquid material comprises glycerol, tung oil, PVA aqueous solution and deionized water, and the mass ratio of the liquid material is 2: 20: 15: 8;
the mixing equipment is continuously mixed for 20min after the mixed liquid is added, so that semi-finished ceramic pug is obtained;
taking out the semi-finished ceramic pug, sealing and placing in the shade for aging for 5 days;
and adding the aged and decayed semi-finished ceramic pug into pugging equipment for pugging, and pugging for 5 times to obtain the ceramic pug.
Example 3:
the same contents of the ceramic membrane module and the filter device of the present embodiment as those of embodiment 1 are not repeated; in one aspect of the present embodiment, a tubular ceramic is invented, in which a length of a cross section of a tube body 2 is 12mm, a thickness of a tube wall of the tube body 2 is 4mm, a length of the tube body 2 is 1500mm, an axial length of the end portion 1 is 5mm, and a maximum length of the cross section of the end portion 1 is 12mm, that is, 24mm, greater than that of the tube body 2; the angle between the pipe wall of the pipe body 2 and the outer wall of the end part 1 is 130 degrees; the narrow end cross-sectional length of the end portion 1 is 12 mm.
According to another aspect of the invention, the plugging time is preferably 5s, and the time for conveying the ceramic pug to the end cavity 5 through the extrusion equipment to form the end blank is preferably 120 s.
The axial length of the end cavity 5 is 5mm, and the maximum cross-sectional length of the end cavity 5 is 12mm greater than the cross-sectional length of the tubular cavity 6; the angle between the inner wall of the tubular cavity 6 and the inner wall of the end cavity 5 is 130 degrees.
According to another aspect of the invention, the invention provides a mold for preparing tubular ceramic, wherein the axial length of the end cavity 5 is 5mm, and the maximum cross-sectional length of the end cavity 5 is 12mm greater than the cross-sectional length of the tubular cavity 6; the angle between the inner wall of the tubular cavity 6 and the inner wall of the end cavity 5 is 130 degrees.
According to another aspect of the invention, the preparation method of the support comprises the following steps of preparing solid materials from NiO-YSZ powder, PMMA pellets and cellulose, wherein the mass ratio of the solid materials is 100: 15: 10;
the liquid material comprises glycerol, tung oil, PVA aqueous solution and deionized water, and the mass ratio is 5: 6: 5: 15;
the mixing equipment is continuously mixed for 15min after the mixed liquid is added, so that semi-finished ceramic pug is obtained;
taking out the semi-finished ceramic pug, sealing and placing in the shade for aging for 1 day;
and adding the aged and decayed semi-finished ceramic pug into pugging equipment for pugging, and pugging for 2 times to obtain the ceramic pug.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the application and is illustrative of the principles of the technology employed. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the scope of the invention as referred to in the present application is not limited to the embodiments with a specific combination of the above-mentioned features, but also covers other embodiments with any combination of the above-mentioned features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, the features described above have similar functions to (but are not limited to) those disclosed in this application.
Claims (10)
1. The tubular ceramic is characterized by comprising a tube body and an end part connected with one end of the tube body, wherein the end part and the tube body are integrally formed, and the length of the cross section of the end part is not less than that of the cross section of the tube body.
2. The tubular ceramic of claim 1, wherein the end portion is a hollow structure, and the hollow portion of the end portion is communicated with the tubular body.
3. A tubular ceramic according to claim 1 wherein the end portion is tapered, the narrow end of the end portion being connected to a tubular body;
the axial length of the end part is 5-10mm, and preferably, the maximum cross-sectional length of the end part is 5-12mm larger than that of the pipe body;
and/or
The length of the cross section of the pipe body is less than or equal to 30 mm; the wall thickness of the pipe body is 1-5 mm.
4. A preparation method of tubular ceramics is characterized by comprising the following steps:
an end cavity matched with the end part in shape is arranged at a discharge hole of the extrusion equipment;
conveying ceramic pug to the end cavity through an extrusion device until an end blank is formed;
and opening the end cavity, continuously conveying the ceramic pug to a discharge port through extrusion equipment until the pipe body blank reaches a preset length, preparing a tubular ceramic blank, and firing to obtain the ceramic pipe blank.
5. The method for preparing tubular ceramic according to claim 4, wherein the end cavity comprises a cavity connecting end and a cavity protruding end, and the cavity connecting end is connected with a tubular cavity; the tubular cavity is matched with the pipe body in shape.
6. The method for preparing the tubular ceramic according to claim 4, wherein the firing process is suspension firing and comprises the following steps:
hanging the tubular ceramic blank body on a support frame with a through hole firmly for sintering;
the length of the cross section of the through hole is larger than that of the cross section of the pipe body blank and smaller than the maximum cross section of the end part blank.
7. A die is characterized by comprising a mandrel and a shaft sleeve sleeved on the mandrel, wherein the mandrel and the shaft sleeve form a through accommodating cavity;
the through holding cavity comprises a tubular cavity and an end cavity, the end cavity comprises a cavity connecting end and a cavity protruding end, the cavity connecting end is connected with the tubular cavity, and the shape of the cavity protruding end is matched with that of the end.
8. A method for producing a support, comprising the method for producing a tubular ceramic according to any one of claims 4 to 6.
9. The method for manufacturing a support according to claim 8, wherein the support is obtained by removing an end of the tubular ceramic obtained by the method for manufacturing a tubular ceramic according to any one of claims 4 to 6.
10. The support body preparation method according to claim 8, wherein the ceramic paste preparation step comprises:
adding a solid material into mixing equipment, and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder, wherein the solid material comprises Ni O-YSZ powder, PMMA pellets and cellulose, and the mass ratio of the Ni O-YSZ powder to the PMMA pellets is 100: (5-15): (4-10);
uniformly mixing liquid materials to obtain a mixed solution, wherein the liquid materials comprise glycerol, tung oil, a PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) aqueous solution and deionized water in a mass ratio of (2-5): (6-20): (5-15): (8-15);
adding the mixed solution into the mixing equipment containing the mixed powder in a spraying manner; the mixing equipment is continuously mixed for 1-20min after the mixed liquid is added, so as to obtain semi-finished ceramic pug;
taking out the semi-finished ceramic pug, sealing and placing in the shade for aging for 1-5 days;
and adding the aged and decayed semi-finished ceramic pug into pugging equipment for pugging, and pugging for 1-5 times to obtain the ceramic pug.
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Application publication date: 20210817 |