CN113263135A - Spatial gridding printing method for 3D printing sand mold - Google Patents
Spatial gridding printing method for 3D printing sand mold Download PDFInfo
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- CN113263135A CN113263135A CN202110562969.8A CN202110562969A CN113263135A CN 113263135 A CN113263135 A CN 113263135A CN 202110562969 A CN202110562969 A CN 202110562969A CN 113263135 A CN113263135 A CN 113263135A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/12—Treating moulds or cores, e.g. drying, hardening
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
- Casting Devices For Molds (AREA)
Abstract
A space gridding printing method of a 3D printing sand mold aims at a single-material casting sand mold for a large casting, when a casting sand mold is subjected to three-dimensional modeling, the original solid sand mold is left with a solid wall thickness with enough size and is used as a 'surface sand layer' for resisting scouring of molten metal during pouring, and the rest parts are subjected to space gridding division, so that the original solid state in the sand mold is changed into a space grid which is supported by a plurality of groups of space frameworks and is internally provided with scattered sand without being sprayed with a binder. The invention reduces the gas forming amount of the sand mold, improves the air permeability of the sand mold, gridds the interior of the sand mold, can reduce the addition amount of the adhesive, shortens the baking time of the sand mold, saves the cost, and is applied to the technical field of casting production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a spatial gridding printing method for a 3D printing sand mold in the technical field of casting production.
Background
At present, the appearance of 3D printing technology has certain advantages in the aspect of additive manufacturing. At present, the 3D technology has a very good application prospect in the field of sand casting. Firstly, the molding and core making are considered to be one of links with high labor intensity and severe production environment in the casting industry, the 3D technology is applied to produce the sand mould to replace the manual operation link, the dust raising phenomenon cannot occur in the printing process due to the particularity of the raw materials of the 3D printing sand mould, and the adhesive added in the hardening of the sand mould is also carried out in a relatively closed box, so that the emission to the environment is reduced, and the labor environment is greatly improved; firstly, the molding and core making are considered to be one of links with high labor intensity and severe production environment in the casting industry, the 3D technology is applied to produce the sand mould to replace the manual operation link, the dust raising phenomenon cannot occur in the printing process due to the particularity of the raw materials of the 3D printing sand mould, and the adhesive added in the hardening of the sand mould is also carried out in a relatively closed box, so that the emission to the environment is reduced, and the labor environment is greatly improved. And secondly, the application of the 3D printing technology in the field of sand casting omits the link of manufacturing a mould, so that the production cost is saved, the speed and the flexibility of product trial production are improved, and a casting enterprise does not need to spend a large amount of funds to build a mould storage workshop and professional mould maintainers. Thirdly, the 3D printing technology greatly improves the product size precision in the application of sand casting, enhances the control capacity of the sand mold size, becomes an accurate controlled link, simplifies the complex product sand mold in the 3D printing, and can finely control the product processing amount by an accurate size control system, so that the product processing surface can be kept with a small amount of processing allowance in the design, and the efficiency of subsequent product processing is improved. Finally, the application of the 3D printing technology in the sand casting field provides sufficient guarantee for the flexibility of product design, and the 3D printing sand mold is not constrained by the size and shape of the product, so that the parameters can be changed at any time in the production process of the product to perform local or overall correction, and the product research and development verification efficiency is improved.
In the prior art, a method for completely solid printing of a sand mold is adopted for 3D printing of a cast sand mold. The casting sand mold for producing the casting by the method generally has the following problems:
(1) because a compaction method is not adopted, the compaction effect is not ideal, the strength can be increased only by adding a binder, and the addition amount of the binder is large, so that the gas evolution of the sand mold is large;
(2) the 3D printed sand mold has poor air permeability and is easy to have defects of air holes, impurities and the like;
(3) the large sand mold has large using amount of the adhesive, and needs long drying time, thus leading to high use cost.
(4) The 3D printing sand mold is added with a binder in a spraying and infiltrating mode, and cannot achieve the traditional sand mixing effect;
(5) the granularity of the raw sand used by the 3D printing sand mold is low at present, and the requirement of large castings on the air permeability of the molding sand is difficult to meet.
Therefore, the development of a spatial grid printing method for 3D printing of sand molds is a new problem which is urgently solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a space gridding printing method of a 3D printing sand mold, which is a 3D printing manufacturing method of a casting sand mold for large castings.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: A3D prints the space grid printing method of the sand mould, to the single material casting sand mould for large casting, when modeling the casting sand mould three-dimensionally, leave the original solid sand mould with the solid wall thickness of sufficient size, as "the surface sand layer" that withstands the scouring of the metal liquid while pouring, the other part carries on the grid of space grid to divide, make the sand mould from original solid state, change into by the multiunit space skeleton as supporting, there is space grid composition of loose sand not spraying binder inside, utilize 3D to print and finish the characteristic of the disposable shaping to the complicated structure directly, have proposed a space grid sand mould 3D printing method (as shown in figure 1), through changing the grid area structure, print the substitute of "back sand layer"; the gas evolution of the sand mold is greatly reduced while the sand mold meets the strength required by casting, the air permeability of the sand mold is improved, and the use of a binder is reduced; by the method, the purposes of improving the performance of the casting mold and reducing the cost are achieved;
when a sand mould for casting is modeled in a three-dimensional mode, the boundary of the sand mould is reserved with a solid wall thickness of 20-100mm according to the size of the sand mould and the size of the casting, the solid part on the surface is printed normally to ensure the surface precision of the casting, the rest part is divided into space grids, the internal space of the sand mould is divided into space grid cavities by using a cube with the side length of 3-20mm, gaps of 2-10mm are reserved among the space grid cavities to serve as sand mould supporting parts, and the whole internal space of the sand mould is supported;
when a sand mould for casting is modeled in a three-dimensional mode, the boundary of the sand mould is reserved with a solid wall thickness of 20-100mm according to the size of the sand mould and the size of the casting, the solid part on the surface is printed normally to ensure the surface precision of the casting, the rest part is divided into space grids, a ball with the diameter of 4-25mm is used (other space geometries are used or a plurality of space geometries are combined) to divide the internal space of the sand mould into space grid cavities, and gaps with the diameter of 2-10mm are reserved among the space grid cavities to serve as sand mould supporting parts to support the internal space of the whole sand mould;
when the sand mould for casting is modeled in a three-dimensional mode, the sand mould boundary is reserved with a solid wall thickness of 20-100mm according to the size of the sand mould and the size of a casting, the solid part on the surface is printed normally, the surface precision of the casting is ensured, and the rest parts are divided into space gridding parts; gaps of 2-10mm are reserved among the space grid cavities to serve as sand mold supporting parts, and the gaps are sprayed with a binder to support the whole internal space of the sand mold.
The key point of the invention is a spatial gridding printing method for 3D printing sand mould.
Compared with the prior art, the space gridding printing method for 3D printing of the sand mold has the advantages of reducing gas forming amount of the sand mold, improving air permeability of the sand mold, gridding the interior of the sand mold, reducing the addition amount of a binder, shortening sand mold baking time, saving cost and the like, and can be widely applied to the technical field of casting production.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic size diagram of a sand mold according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the cavity of the sphere of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cubic cavity according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a gradient mesh according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to the attached drawings, a space gridding printing method for a 3D printing sand mold is provided, aiming at a single-material casting sand mold for a large casting, when the casting sand mold is modeled in a three-dimensional mode, the original solid sand mold is left with a solid wall thickness with enough size and is used as a 'surface sand layer' for resisting the scouring of molten metal during pouring, and the rest parts are subjected to space gridding division, so that the original solid state in the sand mold is changed into a space grid which is supported by a plurality of groups of space frameworks and is internally provided with scattered sand without spraying a binder, and the characteristic that the 3D printing is directly used for completing one-time forming of a complex structure is utilized, so that a space gridding sand mold 3D printing method (as shown in figure 1) is provided, and a 'substitute of a back sand layer' is printed by changing the grid area structure; the gas evolution of the sand mold is greatly reduced while the sand mold meets the strength required by casting, the air permeability of the sand mold is improved, and the use of a binder is reduced; by the method, the purposes of improving the performance of the casting mold and reducing the cost are achieved.
When the sand mould for casting is modeled in a three-dimensional mode, the solid wall thickness of 20-100mm is reserved on the boundary of the sand mould according to the size of the sand mould and the size of the casting, the solid part on the surface is printed normally, the surface precision of the casting is guaranteed, the rest parts are divided into space grids in a gridding mode, the internal space of the sand mould is divided into space grid cavities by using a cube with the side length of 3-20mm, gaps of 2-10mm are reserved among the space grid cavities to serve as sand mould supporting parts, and the whole internal space of the sand mould is supported.
When the sand mould for casting is modeled in a three-dimensional mode, the solid wall thickness of 20-100mm is reserved on the boundary of the sand mould according to the size of the sand mould and the size of the casting, the solid part on the surface is printed normally, the surface precision of the casting is guaranteed, the rest parts are divided into space gridding parts, balls with the diameter of 4-25mm are used for dividing the internal space of the sand mould into space grid cavities (other space geometries are used or a plurality of space geometries are combined), and gaps with the diameter of 2-10mm are reserved among the space grid cavities to serve as sand mould supporting parts, so that the internal space of the whole sand mould is supported.
When the sand mould for casting is modeled in a three-dimensional mode, the sand mould boundary is reserved with a solid wall thickness of 20-100mm according to the size of the sand mould and the size of a casting, the solid part on the surface is printed normally, the surface precision of the casting is ensured, and the rest parts are divided into space gridding parts; gaps of 2-10mm are reserved among the space grid cavities to serve as sand mold supporting parts, and the gaps are sprayed with a binder to support the whole internal space of the sand mold.
Example one
The operation process and parameters of the space gridding printing method for 3D printing sand mould are as follows:
the size of the sand mold breadth is 800mm multiplied by 800mm, the height is 150mm, and the upper part is in a cambered surface structure of R =500mm, as shown in figure 1.
The method comprises the following steps of firstly, reserving a solid wall with the thickness of 80mm at the boundary of a sand mold according to the size of the sand mold, carrying out space gridding division on the rest parts, dividing the internal space of the sand mold into sphere space grid cavities by using a sphere with the diameter of 6mm, and reserving gaps with the thickness of 2mm between the sphere space grid cavities as sand mold supporting parts (see figure 2 specifically).
And secondly, importing the sand mold three-dimensional entity into a computer of 3D printing equipment.
And thirdly, printing the complete sand mold by using 3D.
And fourthly, baking and heating the sand mold (keeping the temperature at 150 ℃ for 3 hours). And (5) after baking is finished, carrying out sand performance inspection.
And fifthly, detecting that the tensile strength of the grid part in the sand mold is 1.102MPa, the compressive strength is 4.250MPa, the bending strength is 1.342MPa, the air permeability is 150, and the use of the binder is reduced by about 45%.
And sixthly, performing a trial casting experiment to ensure that the surface of the casting has no pore defects.
Example two
The operation process and parameters of the space gridding printing method for 3D printing sand mould are as follows:
the size of the sand mold breadth is 800mm multiplied by 800mm, the height is 150mm, and the upper part is in a cambered surface structure of R =500mm, as shown in figure 1.
The method comprises the following steps of firstly, reserving a solid wall with the thickness of 80mm at the boundary of a sand mold according to the size of the sand mold, carrying out spatial gridding division on the rest parts, dividing the internal space of the sand mold into square space grid cavities by using a square with the diameter of 6mm, and reserving gaps with the thickness of 2mm between the square space grid cavities as sand mold supporting parts (see figure 3 specifically).
And secondly, importing the sand mold three-dimensional entity into a computer of 3D printing equipment.
And thirdly, printing the complete sand mold by using 3D.
And fourthly, baking and heating the sand mold (keeping the temperature at 150 ℃ for 3 hours). And (5) after baking is finished, carrying out sand performance inspection.
And fifthly, detecting that the tensile strength of the grid part in the sand mold is 0.958MPa, the compressive strength is 3.59MPa, the bending strength is 1.108MPa, the air permeability is 180, and the use of the binder is reduced by about 42%.
And sixthly, performing a trial casting experiment to ensure that the surface of the casting has no pore defects.
EXAMPLE III
The operation process and parameters of the space gridding printing method for 3D printing sand mould are as follows:
the size of the sand mold breadth is 800mm multiplied by 800mm, the height is 150mm, and the upper part is in a cambered surface structure of R =500mm, as shown in figure 1.
The method comprises the steps of firstly, reserving a solid wall with the thickness of 80mm at the boundary of the sand mold according to the size of the sand mold, carrying out spatial gridding division on the rest part, adopting square grids with the external ball diameter gradually reduced from 4 mm to 0.2 mm in each layer, radially arranging the square grids from large to small in the space from the center, and dividing the space inside the sand mold into gradually-changed grids with different sizes. (see in particular fig. 4).
And secondly, importing the sand mold three-dimensional entity into a computer of 3D printing equipment.
And thirdly, printing the complete sand mold by using 3D.
And fourthly, baking and heating the sand mold (keeping the temperature at 150 ℃ for 3 hours). And (5) after baking is finished, carrying out sand performance inspection.
And fifthly, the tensile strength is 1.178 MPa, the bending strength is 1.314 MPa, the compressive strength is 5.121 MPa, the air permeability is 165, and the addition amount of the binder is reduced by 42.2 percent compared with that of a solid sample.
And sixthly, performing a trial casting experiment to ensure that the surface of the casting has no pore defects.
A in fig. 2 and 3 denotes an edge entity; b represents a sphere cavity; c represents filling the gap; d in fig. 4 denotes a gradation mesh.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a space grid printing method of 3D printing sand mould which characterized in that: aiming at a single-material casting sand mold for a large casting, when a casting sand mold is modeled in a three-dimensional mode, the original solid sand mold is left with a solid wall thickness with enough size and is used as a 'surface sand layer' for resisting the scouring of molten metal during pouring, the rest parts are subjected to space gridding, so that the original solid state in the sand mold is changed into a space grid which is supported by a plurality of groups of space frameworks and is internally provided with scattered sand without spraying a binder, the characteristic that the one-time forming of a complex structure is directly finished by 3D printing is utilized, a 3D printing method of the space gridding sand mold is provided, and a 'substitute of a back sand layer' is printed by changing the grid area structure; the gas evolution of the sand mold is greatly reduced while the sand mold meets the strength required by casting, the air permeability of the sand mold is improved, and the use of a binder is reduced; by the method, the purposes of improving the performance of the casting mold and reducing the cost are achieved.
2. The spatial gridding printing method for the 3D printing sand mold according to claim 1, is characterized in that: when the sand mould for casting is modeled in a three-dimensional mode, the solid wall thickness of 20-100mm is reserved on the boundary of the sand mould according to the size of the sand mould and the size of the casting, the solid part on the surface is printed normally, the surface precision of the casting is guaranteed, the rest parts are divided into space grids in a gridding mode, the internal space of the sand mould is divided into space grid cavities by using a cube with the side length of 3-20mm, gaps of 2-10mm are reserved among the space grid cavities to serve as sand mould supporting parts, and the whole internal space of the sand mould is supported.
3. The spatial gridding printing method for the 3D printing sand mold according to claim 1, is characterized in that: when the casting sand mold is modeled in a three-dimensional mode, the solid wall thickness of 20-100mm is reserved on the sand mold boundary according to the size of the sand mold and the size of the casting, the solid part on the surface is printed normally, the surface accuracy of the casting is guaranteed, the rest parts are divided into space grids, the internal space of the sand mold is divided into space grid cavities by balls with the diameter of 4-25mm, gaps with the diameter of 2-10mm are reserved among the space grid cavities to serve as sand mold supporting parts, and the whole internal space of the sand mold is supported.
4. The spatial gridding printing method for the 3D printing sand mold according to claim 1, is characterized in that: when a sand mould for casting is modeled in a three-dimensional mode, the boundary of the sand mould is provided with a solid wall thickness of 20-100mm according to the size of the sand mould and the size of a casting, the solid part on the surface is printed normally, the surface precision of the casting is ensured, and the rest parts are divided into space grids in a gridding mode; gaps of 2-10mm are reserved among the space grid cavities to serve as sand mold supporting parts, and the gaps are sprayed with a binder to support the whole internal space of the sand mold.
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Cited By (1)
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