CN113259171B

CN113259171B - Service deployment method and device

Info

Publication number: CN113259171B
Application number: CN202110611577.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 饶小兵; 徐深超; 王杰宁
Original assignee: New H3C Technologies Co Ltd
Current assignee: New H3C Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-06-02
Filing date: 2021-06-02
Publication date: 2021-10-01
Anticipated expiration: 2041-06-02
Also published as: CN113259171A

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a service deployment method and a device, which are applied to a controller, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the configuration information of the service to be deployed is issued to the network equipment, and a verification task aiming at the service to be deployed is issued to the analyzer, so that the analyzer performs intention verification on the service to be deployed according to the verification task to obtain a verification result; receiving a verification result fed back by the analyzer; and when the verification result indicates that the service to be deployed fails to be deployed, re-deploying the service to be deployed based on the reason for the failure in the service to be deployed, which is included in the verification result. By applying the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, time consumption of intention verification can be reduced, and efficiency of service deployment can be improved.

Description

Service deployment method and device

Technical Field

The present application relates to the field of network technologies, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for service deployment.

Background

In a conventional service deployment scheme, a user issues a service to a Network device in a Network through a Software Defined Network (SDN) controller, and simulates the Network device to execute the service. When the service execution fails, that is, the service deployment fails, the controller notifies the user, and then the user analyzes and determines the network device causing the service deployment failure, and then issues a verification task for the service to the analyzer. And the analyzer performs intention verification on the service according to the verification task to obtain a verification result, wherein the verification result indicates the reason of service deployment failure. Based on the verification result, the user may adjust the service to achieve successful service deployment.

In the service deployment process, a user is required to participate in simulating service execution, constructing a verification task and indicating an analyzer to perform intention verification. In this case, when there is a problem in service deployment, time consumption for intention verification is long, and service deployment efficiency is low.

Disclosure of Invention

An object of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a method and an apparatus for service deployment, so as to reduce time consumption of intent verification and improve efficiency of service deployment. The specific technical scheme is as follows:

in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a service deployment method, which is applied to a controller, and the method includes:

issuing configuration information of a service to be deployed to network equipment, and issuing a verification task aiming at the service to be deployed to an analyzer so that the analyzer performs intention verification on the service to be deployed according to the verification task to obtain a verification result;

receiving the verification result fed back by the analyzer;

when the verification result indicates that the service to be deployed fails to be deployed, the service to be deployed is redeployed based on the reason for the failure in the service to be deployed, which is included in the verification result.

Optionally, the step of issuing the configuration information of the service to be deployed to the network device and issuing a verification task for the service to be deployed to the analyzer includes:

sending the configuration information of the service to be deployed to the network equipment;

and after waiting for a preset time, issuing a verification task aiming at the service to be deployed to an analyzer.

Optionally, the step of issuing a verification task for the service to be deployed to the analyzer includes:

acquiring the address of the network equipment;

and issuing a verification task carrying the address of the network equipment to an analyzer so that the analyzer acquires equipment data from the network equipment according to the address of the network equipment, performs intention verification on the service to be deployed based on the equipment data to obtain a verification result, and feeds the verification result back to the controller.

Optionally, the step of redeploying the service to be deployed based on the reason for the failure in the service to be deployed, which is included in the verification result, includes:

determining a target deployment plan corresponding to the service deployment failure reason to be deployed, which is included in the verification result, according to a pre-stored corresponding relationship between the service deployment failure reason and the deployment plan;

and redeploying the service to be deployed by utilizing the target deployment plan.

determining a target service index corresponding to the service to be deployed according to a corresponding relation between a pre-stored service and a service index;

and issuing a verification task carrying the target service index to an analyzer so that the analyzer determines whether the network equipment reaches the target service index to obtain a verification result.

Optionally, the service indicator includes one or more of reachability among network devices, unreachability among network devices, consistent working mode among network devices, and consistent Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) among network devices.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a service deployment method, which is applied to an analyzer, and the method includes:

receiving a verification task aiming at the service to be deployed and issued by a controller;

according to the verification task, performing intention verification on the service to be deployed to obtain a verification result;

and feeding back the verification result to the controller, so that when the verification result indicates that the service to be deployed fails to be deployed, the controller redeploys the service to be deployed based on the reason for the failure in the service to be deployed, which is included in the verification result.

Optionally, the verification task includes obtaining an address of the network device of the configuration information of the service to be deployed;

the step of performing intention verification on the service to be deployed according to the verification task to obtain a verification result comprises the following steps:

acquiring equipment data from the network equipment according to the address of the network equipment;

and performing intention verification on the service to be deployed based on the equipment data to obtain a verification result.

Optionally, the verification task includes a target service index corresponding to the service to be deployed;

and determining whether the network equipment which obtains the configuration information of the service to be deployed reaches the target service index, and obtaining a verification result.

Optionally, the step of performing intent verification on the service to be deployed according to the verification task to obtain a verification result includes:

Optionally, the service indicator includes one or more of reachability among network devices, unreachable among network devices, consistent working mode among network devices, and consistent MTU among network devices.

In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a service deployment apparatus, which is applied to a controller, and the apparatus includes:

the system comprises an issuing unit, a network device and an analyzer, wherein the issuing unit is used for issuing configuration information of a service to be deployed to the network device and issuing a verification task aiming at the service to be deployed to the analyzer so that the analyzer performs intention verification on the service to be deployed according to the verification task to obtain a verification result;

a first receiving unit, configured to receive the verification result fed back by the analyzer;

and the deployment unit is used for redeploying the service to be deployed based on the reason of the failure in the deployment of the service to be deployed, which is included in the verification result, when the verification result indicates that the deployment of the service to be deployed fails.

Optionally, the issuing unit is specifically configured to:

acquiring the address of the network equipment;

Optionally, the deployment unit is specifically configured to:

Optionally, the issuing unit is specifically configured to:

In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a service deployment apparatus, which is applied to an analyzer, and the apparatus includes:

the second receiving unit is used for receiving a verification task aiming at the service to be deployed and issued by the controller;

the verification unit is used for performing intention verification on the service to be deployed according to the verification task to obtain a verification result;

and the feedback unit is used for feeding back the verification result to the controller so that the controller redeploys the service to be deployed based on the reason for the failure in the deployment of the service to be deployed, which is included in the verification result, when the verification result indicates that the deployment of the service to be deployed fails.

the verification unit is specifically configured to obtain device data from the network device according to the address of the network device; and performing intention verification on the service to be deployed based on the equipment data to obtain a verification result.

the verification unit is specifically configured to determine whether the network device that obtains the configuration information of the service to be deployed reaches the target service index, and obtain a verification result.

Optionally, the verification unit is specifically configured to:

In a fifth aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a controller comprising a processor and a machine-readable storage medium storing machine-executable instructions executable by the processor, the processor being caused by the machine-executable instructions to: implementing any of the method steps provided in the first aspect.

In a sixth aspect, embodiments of the present application provide an analyzer comprising a processor and a machine-readable storage medium storing machine-executable instructions executable by the processor, the processor being caused by the machine-executable instructions to: implementing any of the method steps provided in the second aspect.

In a seventh aspect, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, and the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements any of the method steps provided in the first aspect.

In an eighth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, and the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements any of the method steps provided in the second aspect.

The embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program, which when running on a computer, causes the computer to execute any one of the service deployment methods described above.

The embodiment of the application has the following beneficial effects:

in the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the controller issues configuration information of a service to the network equipment and issues a verification task aiming at the service to the analyzer. The analyzer can perform intention verification on the service based on the verification task and feed back a verification result to the controller. And when the verification result indicates that the service deployment fails, the controller redeployes the service based on the reason for the service deployment failure included in the verification result. In the embodiment of the application, the intention verification forms a closed loop by utilizing the interaction between the controller and the analyzer, the service can be redeployed without setting up a simulation system of the network equipment by a user to execute the service and setting up a verification task by the user, the time consumption of the intention verification is reduced, and the efficiency of the service deployment is improved.

Of course, not all advantages described above need to be achieved at the same time in the practice of any one product or method of the present application.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is also obvious for a person skilled in the art to obtain other embodiments according to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an analyzer according to the related art;

fig. 2 is a first schematic structural diagram of a service deployment system according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 3 is a first flowchart of a service deployment method according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 4 is a second flowchart of a service deployment method according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 5 is a third flowchart illustrating a service deployment method according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 6 is a fourth flowchart illustrating a service deployment method according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 7 is a fifth flowchart of a service deployment method according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 8 is a sixth flowchart of a service deployment method according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 9 is a first schematic structural diagram of a service deployment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a second service deployment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 11 is a second schematic structural diagram of a service deployment system according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a controller according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of an analyzer according to an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments that can be derived by one of ordinary skill in the art from the description herein are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.

In a conventional test environment, real-time traffic or test scenarios of network devices are used to determine network activities and test whether deployed services meet user requirements.

Intent verification is a method that is distinct from traditional test environments. And the intention is to verify that the analyzer is used for collecting the equipment data of the network equipment in the network, and the collected equipment data is used for modeling, analyzing and reasoning whether the currently deployed service meets the requirements of the user.

Among these, device data includes but is not limited to: routing table, Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), Media Access Control (MAC), configuration, and other information. The network device is a device with a network communication function, such as a router, a switch, and the like.

Where intent refers to a goal or index that a business needs to achieve. For example, for a service that establishes a Virtual extended Local Area Network (VXLAN) tunnel between two Network devices, the intent is to achieve reachability between the two Network devices.

The content of intent verification, i.e., business metrics, may include, but are not limited to, reachability, isolation, and consistency, among others.

Verifying the reachability means verifying the reachability of the route, that is, verifying whether the reachability between the source network device and the destination network device is reachable, and recording the passed path; when not reachable, the reason for the unreachability is analyzed. Verification reachability is often used to verify whether the service interaction function is deployed normally.

The verification isolation is opposite to the verification accessibility, and refers to verifying the unreachability of the route, namely verifying whether the source network device and the destination network device are isolated from each other, namely verifying whether the source network device and the destination network device are unreachable; when reachable, the reason for the reachability is analyzed. Verification of isolation is often used to verify whether firewall traffic is deployed normally.

Verifying consistency includes: and verifying the consistency of the working modes between the two network devices, the consistency of the MTUs between the two network devices and the like.

The analyzer for performing intention verification may include an intention verification module 11, a device data collection module 12, and an intention verification result module 13, as shown in fig. 1.

The intention verification module 11 is a core control module of the analyzer. And the intention verification module 11 is used for receiving, starting, modifying and stopping verification tasks, instructing the equipment data acquisition module 12 to acquire equipment data, performing modeling analysis by using the equipment data, and verifying whether the intention of the user meets the requirements, namely, verifying whether the service reaches the service index.

And the device data acquisition module 12 is configured to acquire device data of the network device at regular time or passively receive the device data sent by the network device. The device data may also be referred to as telemetric (telemetrology) data.

And an intention verification result module 13 for presenting the verification result obtained by the intention verification module 11.

Based on the analyzer shown in fig. 1, the service deployment process includes:

step one, the user issues a task that the user needs to verify, i.e. a verification task, to the intention verification module 11.

The user can set up the simulation system execution service of the network device. For example, a user sends a test packet to a network device, and the test packet is processed by the network device, so as to realize simulation test on whether service deployment of the network device is successful. Or, for another example, the user utilizes the test tool to simulate the network device performing the service.

In the case of a failure in service deployment, the controller may display the failure in service deployment. The user analyzes the network based on the information of the service deployment failure displayed by the controller, determines the network device causing the service deployment failure, further constructs a verification task, and inputs the verification task to the intention verification module 11.

And step two, the intention verification module 11 triggers the device data acquisition module 12 to acquire the device data of the network device based on the verification task.

And step three, the device data acquisition module 12 initiates data acquisition to the network device and acquires the device data of the network device.

After the device data acquisition is completed, the device data acquisition module 12 triggers a verification task to start running, specifically: the intention verification module 11 performs modeling by using the acquired device data, analyzes and verifies the intention of the user, and pushes a verification result to the intention verification result module 13 after obtaining the verification result.

The modeling may be to build a model of the network device of the entire network, or may be to build a model of the network device for which the current verification task is directed. One way to build a model of a network device is: physical network equipment is simulated through the virtual network element, the equipment data of the virtual network element is the same as that of the physical network equipment, and equivalent replacement of the physical network equipment can be achieved. The network devices mentioned in the embodiments of the present application are all physical network devices.

Different service may have different reasons for failure in deployment, and the same service may also have different reasons for failure in deployment. The analyzer can preset corresponding intention analysis flows for different services. Based on the intention analysis flow, the analyzer analyzes the intention of the business, and the corresponding reason for the failure of deployment can be obtained.

The intention analysis process comprises a specific process for analyzing the reason of the service deployment failure. For example, the intent analysis flow for service a includes 5 steps, respectively 1-5. In step 1-5, step 1 is executed first, step 2 is executed when the condition of step 1 is satisfied, and step 3 is executed when the condition of step 1 is not satisfied; step 4 is executed when the condition of step 2 is satisfied, and step 5 is executed when the condition of step 1 is not satisfied.

And step five, the intention verification result module 13 records the verification result, so that the user can conveniently check the result.

And the user adjusts the service based on the verification result, and then deploys the service again.

In the service deployment process, a user is required to simulate and test whether the service deployment of the network equipment is successful or not, and analyze the network equipment which causes the service deployment failure, so as to construct a verification task. In this case, when there is a problem in service deployment, time consumption for intention verification is long, and service deployment efficiency is low.

To solve the above problem, an embodiment of the present application provides a service deployment system, as shown in fig. 2, including a controller 21 and an analyzer 22. The controller 21 may be an SDN controller, or may be other types of hardware entities or software entities for managing the network device, which is not limited herein.

The controller 21 and the analyzer 22 may be located on the same physical machine, or may be located on separate physical machines, which is not limited to this.

The controller 21 is configured to issue configuration information of a service to be deployed to the network device, and issue a verification task for the service to be deployed to the analyzer.

The analyzer 22 is used for performing intention verification on the service to be deployed according to the verification task to obtain a verification result; the verification result is fed back to the controller 21.

The controller 21 is further configured to, when the verification result indicates that the service deployment fails, redeploy the service to be deployed based on the reason for the failure of the service to be deployed, which is included in the verification result.

In the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the intention verification forms a closed loop by utilizing the interaction between the controller and the analyzer, the service can be redeployed without setting up a simulation system of the network equipment by a user to execute the service and setting up a verification task by the user, the time consumption of the intention verification is reduced, and the efficiency of the service deployment is improved.

Based on the service deployment system, an embodiment of the present application provides a service deployment method, as shown in fig. 3, applied to a controller, including the following steps:

step S31, the configuration information of the service to be deployed is issued to the network device, and a verification task for the service to be deployed is issued to the analyzer.

A User may schedule services to be deployed through a User Interface (UI), and input the scheduled services to a scheduler or a controller. And then the controller acquires the service deployed by the user, namely the service to be deployed.

The user may also input to the controller a file including the services that need to be deployed. The controller analyzes the file to obtain the service which needs to be deployed by the user, namely the service to be deployed.

In this embodiment of the application, the service to be deployed may include, but is not limited to, a VXLAN tunnel service for establishing two network devices, a routing service between the deployed devices, a device inter-access policy, and the like. The device mutual access policy includes, but is not limited to, implementing by configuring a micro-segmentation policy, or configuring a Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) isolation policy, and the like.

The controller stores configuration rules of various services. After the controller acquires the service to be deployed, the controller analyzes the service to be deployed according to the stored configuration rule of the service to be deployed, and acquires the network equipment which needs to be configured for realizing the service to be deployed and the configuration information which needs to be issued to the network equipment.

For example, the service to be deployed is to establish a VXLAN tunnel between devices a and C. The user enters the address of device a and the address of device C into the controller and instructs the establishment of the VXLAN tunnel. After receiving the address of the device a, the address of the device C, and the instruction to establish the VXLAN tunnel, the controller generates configuration information 1 of the device a and configuration information 2 of the device C according to the configuration rule of the VXLAN tunnel. If other equipment exists between the equipment A and the equipment C, the controller generates configuration information 1 of the equipment A and configuration information 2 of the equipment C and configuration information 3 of the other equipment according to the configuration rule of the VXLAN tunnel.

And then, the controller issues the configuration information 1 to the device A, issues the configuration information 2 to the device C, and issues the configuration information 3 to other devices. And after receiving the configuration information, the equipment A, the equipment C and other equipment respectively configure according to the configuration information so as to realize the deployment of establishing the VXLAN tunnel service between the equipment A and the equipment C.

In the embodiment of the present application, the execution of one service may involve one network device, that is, the one network device is configured or adjusted to realize the operation of the service. Thus, the service may be understood as a service for the one network device. After the controller acquires the service, the controller analyzes the service to acquire a network device to be configured, so as to acquire configuration information to be issued to the network device. Thus, the controller only needs to issue configuration information to the network device.

In the embodiment of the present application, the execution of one service may also involve multiple network devices, that is, the multiple network devices need to be configured or adjusted to implement the operation of the service. Thus, the traffic may be understood as traffic for the plurality of network devices. After the controller acquires the service, the controller analyzes the service to acquire a plurality of network devices to be configured, so as to acquire configuration information to be respectively issued to the plurality of network devices. Thus, the controller needs to issue configuration information to the plurality of network devices, respectively.

For example, a plurality of other network devices are included between two network devices that establish a VXLAN tunnel. At this time, in addition to two network devices for establishing the VXLAN tunnel, other network devices between the two network devices need to be configured, so that the establishment of the VXLAN tunnel between the two network devices can be realized. Under the condition, the controller acquires the configuration information corresponding to each network device based on the configuration rule of the service for establishing the VXLAN tunnel, and respectively issues the corresponding configuration information to each network device so as to realize the service for establishing the VXLAN tunnel.

In the embodiment of the present application, the number of network devices related to one service is not limited.

In addition, in the embodiment of the application, the controller performs intention analysis on the service to be deployed, determines the service index of the service to be deployed, and generates a verification task including the service index. The verification task is a verification task for the service to be deployed.

For example, if the service to be deployed is to establish a VXLAN tunnel between two network devices, the controller analyzes the service to be deployed, and may determine a service index for establishing the VXLAN tunnel between the two network devices, such as verifying whether the specifications of the tunnels on the two network devices are sufficient, whether the destination address of the tunnel is reachable, and the like. The controller generates a validation task based on the determined business indicator.

And the controller acquires a verification task aiming at the service to be deployed and then issues the verification task to the analyzer.

And the analyzer acquires the verification task and performs intention verification on the service to obtain a verification result.

Specifically, the analyzer obtains an intention analysis flow corresponding to the service to be deployed after receiving the verification task. According to the intention analysis flow, the analyzer performs intention analysis on the service to be deployed to obtain a verification result, wherein the verification result can include the reason of failure in deployment of the service to be deployed.

For example, the service to be deployed is a service for establishing a VXLAN tunnel between two network devices. And after receiving the verification task of the service, the analyzer acquires an intention analysis flow of the service. According to the intention analysis flow of the service, the analyzer analyzes the intention of the service, and firstly determines whether the two network devices of the service establishing the VXLAN tunnel are reachable or not.

When the situation that two network devices of the service for establishing the VXLAN tunnel are unreachable is determined, namely the service for establishing the VXLAN tunnel is failed to be deployed, the analyzer continues to analyze the flow according to the intention of the service, and analyzes the intention of the service to obtain the reason of the service deployment failure.

And step S32, receiving the verification result fed back by the analyzer.

The analyzer performs intention verification on the service to be deployed, and feeds back the verification result to the controller after obtaining the verification result. And the controller receives the verification result.

Step S33, when the verification result indicates that the service to be deployed fails to be deployed, the service to be deployed is redeployed based on the reason for the failure of the service to be deployed, which is included in the verification result.

In this embodiment of the present application, the verification result may include a result indicating that the service deployment has failed and a reason for the failure, or a result indicating that the service deployment has succeeded.

After the controller receives the verification result, if the verification result indicates that the service deployment is successful, the verification result can be presented for the user to check, and other processing is not performed; if the verification result indicates that the service deployment fails, the service to be deployed is redeployed based on the reason for the service deployment failure included in the verification result.

For the redeployment of the service to be deployed, the controller can present the verification result to prompt the user that the current service deployment fails, redeploy the service to be deployed, and realize the timely adjustment of the service to be deployed.

For the redeployment of the service to be deployed, the controller can also pre-store the corresponding relation between the service deployment failure reason and the deployment plan. The controller redeploys the deployment plan service based on the corresponding relation. The method will be described in detail below, and will not be described herein.

In the service deployment method provided by the embodiment of the application, the intention verification forms a closed loop by utilizing the interaction between the controller and the analyzer, the redeployment of the service can be realized without the need of a user for building a simulation system of the network equipment to execute the service and the need of the user for building a verification task, the time consumption of the intention verification is reduced, and the efficiency of service deployment is improved.

The service index to be verified may be different for different services. Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, in order to accurately implement intent verification, a correspondence between a service and a service index may be stored in the controller in advance. The controller determines a target service index corresponding to the service to be deployed according to a pre-stored corresponding relation between the service and the service index; and issuing a verification task carrying the target service index to the analyzer so as to enable the analyzer to perform intention verification, namely determining whether the network equipment reaches the target service index to obtain a verification result.

The service index is the intention, and may include but is not limited to reachability among network devices, unreachability among network devices, consistent working mode among network devices, consistent MTU among network devices, and the like.

In another embodiment of the present application, the correspondence between the service and the service index may be stored in the analyzer. The analyzer acquires a verification task, determines a target service index corresponding to the service to be deployed according to a pre-stored corresponding relation between the service and the service index, and further determines whether the network equipment reaches the target service index, so as to obtain a verification result.

In an embodiment of the present application, to further improve the efficiency of service deployment, based on fig. 3, the embodiment of the present application further provides a service deployment method, as shown in fig. 4, in which step S33 may be refined into steps S331 and S332.

Step S331, when the verification result indicates that the service to be deployed fails to be deployed, determining a target deployment plan corresponding to the service to be deployed failure reason included in the verification result according to the corresponding relation between the service deployment failure reason and the deployment plan stored in advance.

In this embodiment of the present application, the verification result may include a service deployment failure reason. For example, the service that establishes the VXLAN tunnel is not reachable between two network devices, and the service deployment failure reason may include: the tunnel destination address is not in the routing table, the tunnel source address does not exist, or the tunnel resources are insufficient, etc.

The deployment plan is as follows: and adjusting the scheme for the service when the service deployment fails.

For example, the deployment protocol may be: and when the service deployment fails, the network equipment which acquires the configuration information of the service is subjected to rollback processing according to the stored original configuration information of each network equipment, so that the configuration information of the network equipment is updated to the original configuration information again. The original configuration information refers to configuration information before the service is deployed. Therefore, the loss caused by service deployment failure to the network can be reduced as much as possible.

As another example, the deployment protocol may be: and displaying and presenting a verification result to prompt a user that the current service deployment fails, redeploying the service to be deployed and realizing timely adjustment of the service to be deployed.

As another example, the deployment protocol may be: and replacing the network equipment for deploying the configuration information of the service to be deployed, and the like.

The deployment protocol may also be of other content. The configuration can be specifically carried out according to actual requirements.

In the embodiment of the application, a rule base can be pre-established in the controller, and the rule base stores deployment plans when service deployment fails due to multiple service deployment failure reasons, namely, the rule base stores corresponding relations between the multiple service deployment failure reasons and the deployment plans.

When the verification result indicates that the service to be deployed fails to be deployed, the controller analyzes the reason of the current service to be deployed failure from the verification result. Based on the corresponding relation stored in the rule base, the controller can determine a deployment plan corresponding to the failure reason of the current service deployment to be deployed as a target deployment plan.

And S332, redeploying the service to be deployed by using the target deployment plan.

After the controller acquires the target deployment plan, the controller adjusts the configuration information of the service to be deployed or adjusts the network equipment for executing the service and the like by using the target deployment plan, so as to redeploy the service to be deployed.

In the embodiment of the application, the controller realizes the redeployment of the service by utilizing the corresponding relation between the service deployment failure reason and the deployment plan which are stored in advance, so that the service redeployment process does not need the participation of a user, the user does not need to analyze and adjust the service, and the service deployment efficiency is further improved.

In an embodiment of the application, if the target deployment plan is not determined according to the pre-stored correspondence between the service deployment failure reason and the deployment plan, that is, the pre-stored correspondence does not have a correspondence including the current service deployment failure reason, the controller may present the verification result, so that the user may timely redeploy the service.

In an embodiment of the present application, in order to improve the accuracy of intent verification, based on fig. 3, the embodiment of the present application further provides a service deployment method, as shown in fig. 5, in which step S31 may be refined into steps S311 and S312.

Step S311, the configuration information of the service to be deployed is sent to the network device.

Step S312, after waiting for a preset time, a verification task for the service to be deployed is issued to the analyzer.

In the embodiment of the application, after the controller acquires the service to be deployed, the controller issues the configuration information of the service to be deployed to the corresponding network device. Thereafter, the controller waits for a preset time period. After waiting for the preset time, the controller issues a verification task for the service to be deployed to the analyzer.

The value range of the preset time is 1-60 minutes. The preset time length can be specifically set according to the service, and the preset time length is set to enable the service to be deployed to be configured on the network equipment.

For example, for services requiring a large amount of interactive learning among network devices, such as a large amount of route learning among devices, a large value is set for the preset duration; for a service that only affects the local machine, if only a service configured by a tunnel for establishing the tunnel is issued, a smaller value is set for the preset duration.

In an embodiment of the present application, in order to enable the intention verification to form a closed loop, based on fig. 3, the present application embodiment further provides a service deployment method, as shown in fig. 6, in which step S31 may be refined into steps S313 and S314.

Step 313, the configuration information of the service to be deployed is sent to the network device, and the address of the network device is obtained.

The controller transmits the configuration information of the service to be deployed to the network equipment. In addition, the controller analyzes the service to be deployed, and can acquire the address of the network device to which the configuration information of the service to be deployed is issued. The controller takes the address of the network equipment as the address of the network equipment needing to acquire the equipment data and sends the address to the analyzer.

Step S314, issuing a verification task carrying the address of the network device to the analyzer, so that the analyzer obtains device data from the network device according to the address of the network device, performs intent verification on the service based on the device data, obtains a verification result, and feeds back the verification result to the controller.

The controller generates a verification task carrying the address of the network device and issues the verification task to the analyzer. After receiving the verification task, the analyzer acquires device data from the network device carrying the address indication of the network device in the verification task, further performs modeling based on the acquired device data, performs intention analysis on the service to be deployed by using the established model to obtain a verification result, and feeds the verification result back to the controller.

The modeling process can adopt a virtual network element to perform 1:1 simulation aiming at physical network equipment.

In one example, the address of the controller may be preconfigured in the analyzer. In this way, when the analyzer acquires the verification result, the verification result can be fed back to the controller according to the address of the controller configured in advance.

In another example, there are multiple controllers in the network with which the analyzer can communicate. The verification task issued by the controller to the analyzer can also carry the address of the controller, so that the analyzer can accurately feed back the verification result to the controller.

The controller for sending the verification task and receiving the verification result can be the same controller, the purpose verification is realized to form a closed loop, and the accuracy of service deployment is ensured.

Corresponding to the service deployment method applied to the controller, an embodiment of the present application further provides a service deployment method, as shown in fig. 7, applied to an analyzer, where the method includes the following steps:

and step S71, receiving a verification task aiming at the service to be deployed and issued by the controller.

And step S72, according to the verification task, performing intention verification on the service to be deployed to obtain a verification result.

And step S73, feeding back the verification result to the controller, so that when the verification result indicates that the service deployment fails, the controller redeploys the service to be deployed based on the reason for the service deployment failure included in the verification result.

In the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the intention verification forms a closed loop by utilizing the interaction between the controller and the analyzer, the redeployment of the service can be realized without building a simulation system of the network equipment to execute the service and without constructing a verification task by a user, the time consumption of the intention verification is reduced, and the efficiency of the service deployment is improved.

In an embodiment of the application, after the controller issues the configuration information of the service to be deployed to the network device, the controller waits for a preset time period and then issues a verification task to the analyzer, so as to ensure that the configuration of the service to be deployed on the network device is completed. This improves the accuracy of the intent verification.

In one embodiment of the present application, the verification task may include obtaining an address of the network device to which the configuration information of the service to be deployed is obtained. In this case, the step S72 may be: acquiring equipment data from the network equipment according to the address of the network equipment included in the verification task; and performing intention verification on the service to be deployed based on the equipment data to obtain a verification result.

In an embodiment of the present application, the verification task may include an address of the controller in addition to an address of the network device that obtains configuration information of the service to be deployed. In this case, as shown in fig. 8, step S72 may be subdivided into step S721 and step S722, and step S73 may be subdivided into step S731.

Step S721, device data is acquired from the network device according to the address of the network device.

Step S722, performing intent verification on the service to be deployed based on the device data, and obtaining a verification result.

In step S731, the verification result is fed back to the controller according to the address of the controller.

In an embodiment of the present application, the verification task may include a target service index corresponding to the service to be deployed. In this case, step S72 may specifically be: and determining whether the network equipment obtaining the configuration information of the service to be deployed reaches the target service index, and obtaining a verification result.

The service index may include one or more of reachability among network devices, unreachability among network devices, consistent working mode among network devices, and consistent MTU among network devices.

In another embodiment of the present application, step S72 may specifically be: determining a target service index corresponding to the service to be deployed according to a pre-stored corresponding relation between the service and the service index; and determining whether the network equipment obtaining the configuration information of the service to be deployed reaches the target service index, and obtaining a verification result.

In the embodiment of the present application, the descriptions of the steps S71, S72, S73, S721, S722 and S731 are relatively simple, and in particular, refer to the descriptions of fig. 2 to fig. 6.

Corresponding to the service deployment method applied to the controller, an embodiment of the present application further provides a service deployment apparatus, as shown in fig. 9, applied to the controller, where the apparatus includes:

the issuing unit 91 is configured to issue the configuration information of the service to be deployed to the network device, and issue a verification task for the service to be deployed to the analyzer, so that the analyzer performs intent verification on the service to be deployed according to the verification task to obtain a verification result;

a first receiving unit 92, configured to receive a verification result fed back by the analyzer;

and the deploying unit 93 is configured to, when the verification result indicates that the service to be deployed fails to be deployed, redeploy the service to be deployed based on the reason for the failure in the service to be deployed, which is included in the verification result.

In an optional embodiment, the issuing unit 91 may be specifically configured to:

issuing the configuration information of the service to be deployed to the network equipment;

acquiring an address of a network device;

and issuing a verification task carrying the address of the network equipment to the analyzer so that the analyzer acquires equipment data from the network equipment according to the address of the network equipment, performs intention verification on the service to be deployed based on the equipment data to obtain a verification result, and feeds the verification result back to the controller.

In an optional embodiment, the deployment unit 93 may specifically be configured to:

determining a target deployment plan corresponding to the service deployment failure reason to be deployed, which is included in the verification result, according to the corresponding relation between the service deployment failure reason and the deployment plan which is stored in advance;

determining a target service index corresponding to the service to be deployed according to a pre-stored corresponding relation between the service and the service index;

and issuing a verification task carrying the target service index to the analyzer so that the analyzer determines whether the network equipment reaches the target service index to obtain a verification result.

In an alternative embodiment, the service indicator may include one or more of reachability among network devices, unreachability among network devices, consistency in operation mode among network devices, and consistency in MTU among network devices.

In the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the intention verification forms a closed loop by utilizing the interaction between the controller and the analyzer, the redeployment of the service can be realized without simulating the network equipment by a user to execute the service and constructing a verification task by the user, the time consumption of the intention verification is reduced, and the efficiency of the service deployment is improved.

Corresponding to the service deployment method applied to the analyzer, an embodiment of the present application further provides a service deployment apparatus, as shown in fig. 10, applied to the analyzer, where the apparatus includes:

a second receiving unit 101, configured to receive a verification task for the service to be deployed, where the verification task is issued by the controller;

the verification unit 102 is configured to perform intent verification on the service to be deployed according to the verification task to obtain a verification result;

and the feedback unit 103 is configured to feed back the verification result to the controller, so that when the verification result indicates that the service to be deployed fails to be deployed, the controller redeploys the service to be deployed based on the reason for the failure in the service to be deployed, which is included in the verification result.

In an alternative embodiment, the verification task may include obtaining an address of the network device of the configuration information of the service to be deployed;

in this case, the verification unit 102 may be specifically configured to obtain device data from the network device according to an address of the network device; and performing intention verification on the service to be deployed based on the equipment data to obtain a verification result.

In an optional embodiment, the verification task may include a target service index corresponding to the service to be deployed;

the verification unit 102 may be specifically configured to determine whether the network device that obtains the configuration information of the service to be deployed reaches a target service index, so as to obtain a verification result.

In an optional embodiment, the verification unit 102 may specifically be configured to:

and determining whether the network equipment obtaining the configuration information of the service to be deployed reaches the target service index, and obtaining a verification result.

In an optional embodiment, the service indicator includes one or more of reachability among network devices, unreachability among network devices, consistency in working mode among network devices, and consistency in MTU among network devices.

The service deployment provided by the embodiment of the present application is described in detail below with reference to a schematic structural diagram of the service deployment system shown in fig. 11. In fig. 11, the controller includes an intention analysis module, an intention issuing module, and a verification result processing module; the analyzer includes: the system comprises an intention verification module, an intention verification result module and an equipment data acquisition module. Based on the service deployment system shown in fig. 11, service deployment may include the following steps.

a) The intention analysis module of the controller analyzes and processes the user intention (namely the service index of the service to be deployed), and notifies the intention issuing module of the controller to issue the configuration information of the service to be deployed to the corresponding network equipment.

b) The intention issuing module of the controller organizes the configuration information to be issued, and issues the configuration information of the service to be deployed to the corresponding network equipment through an issuing channel between the intention issuing module and the network equipment. And the network equipment configures according to the received configuration information to realize the service to be deployed.

The delivery channel may include, but is not limited to, a network configuration (Netconf) channel, a remote terminal protocol (Telnet) channel, a shell (shell) channel, and the like.

c) And after finishing downloading the configuration information of the service to be deployed to the network equipment, the intention issuing module of the controller issues a verification task to the analyzer after waiting for a preset time duration so as to inform the analyzer to perform intention verification on the service to be deployed, wherein the verification task carries an equipment list influenced by the service to be deployed.

The device list includes addresses of network devices that obtain configuration information of the service to be deployed.

d) And after receiving the verification task, the intention verification module of the analyzer sends a data acquisition request to the equipment data acquisition module.

e) And the equipment data acquisition module of the analyzer sends an acquisition request to the network equipment according to the equipment list carried by the verification task.

In the embodiment of the application, if the network device invokes data such as a routing table reported in real time through Google Remote Procedure Call (gRPC), the data in the analyzer is the latest data, and the device data collector module does not need to actively acquire the data from the network device.

f) And after the equipment data acquisition is finished, the equipment data acquisition module triggers a verification task to start running.

g) And the intention verification module of the analyzer performs intention verification, and submits a verification result to the intention verification result module of the analyzer after the verification is finished.

In this embodiment of the application, if the verification result is that the service deployment fails, the verification result may further include a network device where the service deployment fails and a reason of the service deployment failure, such as a routing unreachable and a routing loop.

h) The intention verification result module of the analyzer transmits the verification result to the intention verification processing module of the controller.

i) An intention verification processing module of the controller analyzes a verification result; if the verification is successful, the service deployment is successful; and if the verification fails, processing the service to be deployed according to different failure reasons and the deployment plan of the rule base.

In addition, the preset time period is 5 minutes as an example. The service deployment provided by the embodiment of the present application is described with reference to fig. 11, by taking the example that VXLAN services are deployed and VXLAN tunnel resources of network device a are insufficient.

As shown in fig. 11, it is assumed that the network shown in fig. 11 includes network device a and network device C. The address of the network device a is 1.1.1.1, the address of the network device C is 3.3.3.3, and the address of the controller device is 192.1.1.1.

When the VXLAN service is deployed to network device C on network device a, the controller issues configuration information related to VXLAN to network device a. The configuration information related to the VXLAN may include, but is not limited to, Virtual Switch Interface (VSI) configuration information, and VSI-bound Access Circuit (AC) port. The network device a creates a VXLAN tunnel 0 to the network device C according to the configuration information related to VXLAN, and the VXLAN tunnel 0 cannot be normally pulled UP (UP) due to insufficient VXLAN tunnel resources of the network device a, and VXLAN service deployment fails.

Under the condition that the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application is not applied, the service fault point and the fault root need to be manually analyzed, namely, the VXLAN tunnel is found to have no UP through manual analysis, the VXLAN tunnel resource is further found to be insufficient, and then the service is readjusted by a deployment staff and the service is redeployed.

Under the condition of applying the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, after the service deployment is issued, the intention verification and the service redeployment are automatically completed, specifically:

and after the controller issues the configuration of the service to the network equipment in the network, the controller waits for 5 minutes and issues a verification task to an intention verification module of the analyzer. Wherein, the verification task may include: the address 192.1.1.1 of the controller device, the source address (i.e., the address of network device a) 1.1.1.1, the destination address (i.e., the address of network device C) 3.3.3.3 that needs to be verified, verifies the content (i.e., the traffic indicator) as verification reachability.

The intention verification module verifies that the network equipment cannot be reached based on the configuration, forwarding information and the like of the network equipment acquired by the equipment data acquisition module, and automatically analyzes the reason of the unreachability. For example, first, a packet loss position is found, analysis finds that VXLAN tunnel 0 has no UP, and further analyzes the reason that VXLAN tunnel 0 has no UP:

if the destination address of VXLAN tunnel 0 is present in the routing table, this is not the reason for the tunnel not having an UP; whether the source address of the VXLAN tunnel 0 exists or not is continuously analyzed, and if the source address of the VXLAN tunnel 0 exists, the reason is not the reason that the tunnel is not UP; and continuing further analysis, searching for hardware tunnel information, finding out that the hardware tunnel information does not exist, continuing to analyze hardware resources, finding out that VXLAN tunnel resources are exhausted, and recording the unreachable root cause of the service and insufficient VXLAN tunnel resources.

The intention verification result module of the analyzer reports the verification result and the reason of service deployment failure (namely insufficient VXLAN tunnel resources) to the controller according to the address 192.1.1.1 of the controller;

the controller can roll back the deployed service according to the deployment plan of insufficient VXLAN tunnel resources in the system memory, notify the user of the failure of the new service deployment, and carry the reason of the failure of the service deployment, namely, the tunnel resources are insufficient.

And the user replans the network according to the verification result and redeployes a new round of service.

Corresponding to the service deployment method applied to the controller, as shown in fig. 12, an embodiment of the present application further provides a controller, where the controller includes a processor 121 and a machine-readable storage medium 122, where the machine-readable storage medium 122 stores machine-executable instructions that can be executed by the processor 121, and the processor 121 is caused by the machine-executable instructions to: and implementing any of the above steps of the service deployment method applied to the controller.

Corresponding to the service deployment method applied to the analyzer, an embodiment of the present application further provides an analyzer, as shown in fig. 13, including a processor 131 and a machine-readable storage medium 132, where the machine-readable storage medium 132 stores machine-executable instructions capable of being executed by the processor 131, and the processor 131 is caused by the machine-executable instructions to: and implementing any of the above steps of the service deployment method applied to the analyzer.

The Memory may include a Random Access Memory (RAM) or a Non-Volatile Memory (NVM), such as at least one disk Memory. Optionally, the memory may also be at least one memory device located remotely from the processor.

The Processor may be a general-purpose Processor, including a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Network Processor (NP), and the like; but also Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) or other Programmable logic devices, discrete Gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components.

In another embodiment provided by the present application, a computer-readable storage medium is further provided, in which a computer program is stored, and when executed by a processor, the computer program implements any of the above-mentioned service deployment method steps applied to a controller.

In another embodiment provided by the present application, a computer-readable storage medium is further provided, in which a computer program is stored, and when executed by a processor, the computer program implements any of the above-mentioned service deployment method steps applied to an analyzer.

In a further embodiment provided by the present application, there is also provided a computer program which, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform any of the above-described service deployment method steps applied to a controller.

In a further embodiment provided by the present application, there is also provided a computer program which, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform any of the above-described service deployment method steps applied to an analyzer.

In the above embodiments, the implementation may be wholly or partially realized by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When loaded and executed on a computer, cause the processes or functions described in accordance with the embodiments of the application to occur, in whole or in part. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a network of computers, or other programmable device. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer readable storage medium to another, for example, from one website site, computer, server, or data center to another website site, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.). The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device, such as a server, a data center, etc., that incorporates one or more of the available media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy Disk, hard Disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., Solid State Disk (SSD)), among others.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

All the embodiments in the present specification are described in a related manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, the system, apparatus, controller, analyzer, storage medium, and computer program embodiments are described in a relatively simple manner as they are substantially similar to the method embodiments, where relevant, reference may be made to some of the descriptions of the method embodiments.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application are included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A service deployment method is applied to a controller, the controller is connected with an analyzer, and the controller and the analyzer are respectively connected with a network device, and the method comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the steps of issuing configuration information of a service to be deployed to network equipment, and issuing a verification task aiming at the service to be deployed to an analyzer so that the analyzer performs intention verification on the service to be deployed according to the verification task to obtain a verification result, wherein the intention verification refers to a target or index which needs to be reached by the verification service;

receiving the verification result fed back by the analyzer;

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of issuing the configuration information of the service to be deployed to the network device and issuing the verification task for the service to be deployed to the analyzer comprises:

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of issuing a verification task for the service to be deployed to an analyzer comprises:

acquiring the address of the network equipment;

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of redeploying the service to be deployed based on the reason for the failure in the service to be deployed included in the verification result comprises:

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of issuing a verification task for the service to be deployed to an analyzer comprises:

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the traffic indicators comprise one or more of inter-network device reachability, inter-network device unreachability, inter-network device operating mode consistency, and inter-network device MTU maximum transmission unit consistency.

7. A service deployment method is applied to an analyzer, the analyzer is connected with a controller, the controller and the analyzer are respectively connected with a network device, and the method comprises the following steps:

receiving a verification task for a service to be deployed issued by a controller, wherein the controller is used for issuing configuration information of the service to be deployed to network equipment and issuing the verification task for the service to be deployed to an analyzer;

according to the verification task, performing intention verification on the service to be deployed to obtain a verification result, wherein the intention verification refers to verifying a target or index which the service needs to reach;

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the verification task comprises obtaining an address of a network device of configuration information of the service to be deployed;

9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the verification task includes a target service index corresponding to the service to be deployed;

10. The method according to claim 7, wherein the step of performing intent verification on the service to be deployed according to the verification task to obtain a verification result comprises:

11. The method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the service indicator comprises one or more of inter-network device reachable, inter-network device unreachable, inter-network device operating mode consistent, and inter-network device maximum transmission unit MTU consistent.

12. A service deployment apparatus, applied to a controller, wherein the controller is connected to an analyzer, and the controller and the analyzer are respectively connected to a network device, the apparatus comprising:

the system comprises an issuing unit and an analyzer, wherein the issuing unit is used for issuing configuration information of a service to be deployed to network equipment and issuing a verification task aiming at the service to be deployed to the analyzer so that the analyzer performs intention verification on the service to be deployed according to the verification task to obtain a verification result, and the intention verification refers to a target or index which needs to be reached by the verification service;

13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the sending unit is specifically configured to:

14. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the sending unit is specifically configured to:

acquiring the address of the network equipment;

15. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the deployment unit is specifically configured to:

16. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the sending unit is specifically configured to:

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the traffic indicators comprise one or more of inter-network device reachability, inter-network device unreachability, inter-network device operating mode consistency, and inter-network device Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) consistency.

18. A service deployment apparatus, applied to an analyzer, wherein the analyzer is connected to a controller, and the controller and the analyzer are respectively connected to a network device, the apparatus comprising:

the second receiving unit is used for receiving a verification task for the service to be deployed, which is issued by a controller, wherein the controller is used for issuing the configuration information of the service to be deployed to network equipment and issuing the verification task for the service to be deployed to the analyzer;

the verification unit is used for performing intention verification on the service to be deployed according to the verification task to obtain a verification result, wherein the intention verification refers to verifying a target or index which the service needs to reach;

19. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the verification task includes obtaining an address of a network device of configuration information of the service to be deployed;

20. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the verification task includes a target service index corresponding to the service to be deployed;

21. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the verification unit is specifically configured to:

22. The apparatus of claim 20 or 21, wherein the service indicator comprises one or more of inter-network device reachable, inter-network device unreachable, inter-network device operating mode consistent, and inter-network device MTU consistent.

23. A controller comprising a processor and a machine-readable storage medium storing machine-executable instructions executable by the processor, the processor being caused by the machine-executable instructions to: carrying out the method steps of any one of claims 1 to 6.

24. An analyzer comprising a processor and a machine-readable storage medium storing machine-executable instructions executable by the processor, the processor being caused by the machine-executable instructions to: -carrying out the method steps of any one of claims 7 to 11.

25. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that a computer program is stored in the computer-readable storage medium, which computer program, when being executed by a processor, carries out the method steps of any one of claims 1 to 6.

26. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that a computer program is stored in the computer-readable storage medium, which computer program, when being executed by a processor, carries out the method steps of any of the claims 7-11.