CN113258128A - Lithium ion battery and electronic device - Google Patents
Lithium ion battery and electronic device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113258128A CN113258128A CN202110721134.2A CN202110721134A CN113258128A CN 113258128 A CN113258128 A CN 113258128A CN 202110721134 A CN202110721134 A CN 202110721134A CN 113258128 A CN113258128 A CN 113258128A
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- Prior art keywords
- lithium ion
- ion battery
- inorganic particles
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- -1 glycerotrinitrile Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 9
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N adiponitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCCC#N BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- VEWLDLAARDMXSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl sulfate;hydron Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)OC=C VEWLDLAARDMXSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;difluorophosphinate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]P(F)(F)=O IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinonitrile Chemical compound N#CCCC#N IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- LNLFLMCWDHZINJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,3,6-tricarbonitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCC(C#N)CCC#N LNLFLMCWDHZINJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002000 Electrolyte additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCS)C(=O)C2=C1 UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IFDLFCDWOFLKEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutylbenzene Chemical compound CCC(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 IFDLFCDWOFLKEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006242 ethylene acrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane Substances CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MCSINKKTEDDPNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl propionate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)CC MCSINKKTEDDPNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011076 safety test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009461 vacuum packaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a lithium ion battery and an electronic device. The lithium ion battery comprises a positive plate, a negative plate, a diaphragm and electrolyte; the diaphragm comprises a base film and a ceramic layer arranged on at least one functional surface of the base film, wherein the ceramic layer comprises inorganic particles m and inorganic particles n; the volume average particle size of the inorganic particles m is 0.5-1.5 μm, and the volume average particle size of the inorganic particles n is 0.05-0.3 μm; the mass ratio of the inorganic particles n to the inorganic particles m is A, and A is more than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 10; the electrolyte comprises ethylene carbonate, the mass ratio of the ethylene carbonate to the electrolyte is B, and B is more than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.4; the relation between A and B satisfies 1 ≤ A/B ≤ 100. The lithium ion battery provided by the invention has excellent cycle performance and safety performance on the basis of high energy density.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and relates to a lithium ion battery and an electronic device.
Background
In recent years, the development of high-energy-density lithium ion batteries has been an important research direction in the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and the improvement of the energy density of the lithium ion batteries can obviously improve the performance of terminal products, for example, the higher energy density of the lithium ion batteries can enable intelligent electronic products to have higher cruising ability.
At present, the main means for improving the energy density of the lithium ion battery include increasing the effective compaction density of an electrode and using a thin material, but the means respectively have the following technical defects: 1) the compaction density is inversely proportional to the porosity of the electrode, the higher the compaction density is, the higher the extrusion degree among material particles is, the smaller the porosity of the pole piece is, the poorer the electrolyte absorption performance of the pole piece is, the more difficult the electrolyte is to infiltrate, the poorer the liquid retention capacity of the battery is, the larger the polarization is in the battery circulation process, the larger the battery capacity attenuation is, and the poorer the battery circulation performance is further caused; 2) the use of thin materials reduces the passing rate of the battery in safety tests, and is also a great challenge to the safety performance of the battery.
In conclusion, it is of great significance to develop a lithium ion battery with high energy density, excellent cycle performance and high safety performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a lithium ion battery, which can ensure that the lithium ion battery has high energy density and excellent cycle performance and high safety performance at the same time by limiting the composition of an electrolyte and the composition of a diaphragm.
The present invention provides an electronic device having excellent energy density, cycle performance, and high safety performance since the electronic device includes the lithium ion battery as described above.
The invention provides a lithium ion battery, which comprises a positive plate, a negative plate, a diaphragm and electrolyte;
the diaphragm comprises a base film and a ceramic layer arranged on at least one functional surface of the base film, wherein the ceramic layer comprises inorganic particles m and inorganic particles n; the volume average particle size of the inorganic particles m is 0.5-1.5 μm, and the volume average particle size of the inorganic particles n is 0.05-0.3 μm; the mass ratio of the inorganic particles n to the inorganic particles m is A, and A is more than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 10;
the electrolyte comprises ethylene carbonate, the mass ratio of the ethylene carbonate to the electrolyte is B, and B is more than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.4;
the relation between A and B satisfies 1 ≤ A/B ≤ 100.
The lithium ion battery is characterized in that A/B is more than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to 70.
The lithium ion battery as described above, wherein the positive electrode sheet comprises a positive electrode active material layer, and the effective compaction density of the positive electrode active material layer is 3.6-4.2 g/cm3;
And/or the negative plate comprises a negative active material layer, and the effective compaction density of the negative active material layer is 1.5-1.85 g/cm3。
The lithium ion battery as described above, wherein the inorganic particles m and the inorganic particles n may be respectively selected from one or more of silicon dioxide, boehmite, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium dioxide, titanium oxide, boron nitride, and aluminum nitride.
The lithium ion battery as described above, wherein the thickness of the ceramic layer is 0.5 to 4 μm.
The lithium ion battery as described above, wherein the thickness of the base film is 3 to 9 μm.
The lithium ion battery comprises, by mass, 50-99% of the inorganic particles n and m and 1-50% of the binder.
The lithium ion battery as described above, wherein the electrolyte further comprises one or more of 1, 3-propanesultone, succinonitrile, adiponitrile, 1,3, 6-hexanetricarbonitrile, glycerotrinitrile, vinylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, vinyl sulfate, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide, and lithium bistrifluorosulfonylimide.
The lithium ion battery as described above, wherein the electrolyte further comprises a lithium salt;
the concentration of the lithium salt is 0.5-2.0 mol/L.
The invention also provides an electronic device comprising the lithium ion battery.
According to the lithium ion battery, the mass ratio A of the inorganic particles n with the volume average particle size of 0.05-0.3 mu m to the inorganic particles m with the volume average particle size of 0.5-1.5 mu m is more than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to A and less than or equal to 10, the mass ratio B of the ethylene carbonate to the electrolyte is more than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to B and is more than or equal to 0.4, and the relationship between A and B is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to A/B and less than or equal to 100, so that the battery has good wetting performance and heat resistance on the basis of high energy density, and further improves the cycle performance and the safety performance of the lithium ion battery.
The electronic device provided by the invention comprises the lithium ion battery provided by the invention, so that the electronic device has excellent energy density, cycle performance and safety performance.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a lithium ion battery, which comprises a positive plate, a negative plate, a diaphragm and electrolyte.
The diaphragm comprises a base film and a ceramic layer arranged on at least one functional surface of the base film, wherein the ceramic layer comprises inorganic particles m and inorganic particles n, the volume average particle size of the inorganic particles m is 0.5-1.5 mu m, the volume average particle size of the inorganic particles n is 0.05-0.3 mu m, the mass ratio of the inorganic particles n to the inorganic particles m is A, and A is more than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 10.
The electrolyte comprises ethylene carbonate, wherein the mass ratio of the ethylene carbonate to the electrolyte is B, and B is more than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.4;
the relation between A and B satisfies 1 ≤ A/B ≤ 100.
The inorganic particles n and m are two types of particles having different particle diameters, and the specific composition of the two types of particles is not limited in the present invention.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the lithium ion battery can show excellent cycle performance and safety performance in the application process. The inventors have analyzed based on this phenomenon and considered that it is possible to: on the one hand, the composition of the diaphragm can ensure the immersion capacity of the diaphragm, so that the lithium ion battery has sufficient electrolyte, and the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery is improved by improving the residual liquid coefficient of the electrolyte. On the other hand, the higher dielectric constant of the ethylene carbonate can promote the dissociation of various lithium salts, so that the electrolyte has higher ionic conductivity, and the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery is further improved. In addition, the matching of the quality of the inorganic particles and the content of the ethylene carbonate is beneficial to improving the liquid retention capacity of lithium ions so as to ensure that the ethylene carbonate is sufficient in the system. The ethylene carbonate can form an SEI film on the surface of the negative electrode, so that the SEI film on the surface of the negative electrode is more uniform and stable, and the SEI film can further ensure the residual liquid coefficient of the battery by preventing the reaction of the negative electrode and the electrolyte, thereby improving the cycle performance. And the SEI film can also effectively inhibit the generation of lithium dendrites for protecting the negative electrode, thereby playing a certain role in improving the safety performance of the lithium ion battery.
In addition, the ceramic layer of the diaphragm in the lithium ion battery comprises inorganic particles m with large particle size and inorganic particles n with small particle size, and the mass ratio of the inorganic particles n to the inorganic particles m is defined as A which is more than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 10, so that the ceramic layer has higher bulk density, and the safety performance of the ceramic layer in the lithium ion battery is more excellent compared with other ceramic layers.
Because the lithium ion battery shows excellent cycle performance and safety performance, when the improvement of the energy density of the lithium ion battery is researched, the negative influence on the cycle performance and the safety performance caused by the improvement of the energy density can be overcome by the excellent electrical performance of the lithium ion battery, so that the lithium ion battery has excellent energy density, cycle performance and safety performance at the same time.
The inventor researches and discovers that when A/B is more than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to 70, the lithium ion battery can obtain more excellent cycle performance and high safety performance while having high energy density.
Further, the positive plate comprises a positive active material layer, and the effective compaction density of the positive active material layer is 3.6-4.2 g/cm3(ii) a And/or the negative plate comprises a negative active material layer, and the effective compaction density of the negative active material layer is 1.5-1.85 g/cm3. When the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer have effective compaction densities in the above ranges, the lithium ion battery has a higher energy density while taking safety performance and cycle performance into consideration.
The effective compacted density of the positive electrode active material layer refers to the sum of the total mass of all materials (including the positive electrode active material and auxiliary materials thereof such as a conductive agent, a binder and the like) constituting the positive electrode active material layer per unit volume.
The effective compacted density of the anode active material layer means the sum of the total mass of all materials (including the anode active material and its auxiliary materials such as a conductive agent and a binder, etc.) constituting the anode active material layer per unit volume.
When the positive plate or the negative plate is rolled, the positive active material layer and the negative active material layer can reach the effective compaction density within the range by controlling parameters such as rolling pressure, rolling time, rolling temperature, rolling speed and the like.
Further, the positive active material may be selected from lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate, ternary materials, etc., wherein the lithium cobaltate may be further doped with one or more elements of Al, Mg, Ti, Zr, and the negative active material is selected from carbon-based materials such as graphite, mesocarbon microbeads, carbon fibers, etc.
The inorganic particles m and n of the present invention may be the same or different and may be selected from one or more of silicon dioxide, boehmite, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium dioxide, titanium oxide, boron nitride, and aluminum nitride. The inorganic particles have good heat resistance, and the lithium ion battery has good safety performance by being added into the ceramic layer.
It can be understood that the larger the thickness of the ceramic layer, the better the safety performance of the lithium ion battery, but the smaller the energy density of the battery; the smaller the thickness of the ceramic layer, the higher the energy density of the lithium ion battery, but the safety performance is also slightly inferior. In order to achieve the purpose of giving consideration to the energy density and the safety performance of the battery, the thickness of the ceramic layer can be controlled to be 0.5-4 mu m.
Furthermore, the thickness of the diaphragm base film can be controlled to be 3-9 μm in consideration of the same selection of the thickness of the ceramic layer, so that the lithium ion battery has both energy density and safety performance.
The base film as described above may be selected from base film materials commonly used in the art, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, or a composite of polyethylene and polypropylene, and the like.
In a specific embodiment, the ceramic layer comprises 50-99% of inorganic particles m and n and 1-50% of a binder by mass, and the ceramic layer is formed according to the mixture ratio, so that the ceramic layer can be tightly adhered to the base film and has good heat resistance, and the lithium ion battery has excellent safety performance.
The inorganic particles in the ceramic layer include inorganic particles m and inorganic particles n, and the binder may be selected from binders commonly used in the art, such as one or more selected from sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl alcohol, styrene-butadiene rubber, polyurethane, polyacrylate, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), and ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer.
In a specific embodiment, the electrolyte of the present invention further comprises an electrolyte additive, and the electrolyte additive may be selected from one or more of 1, 3-propane sultone, 1, 3-propene sultone, succinonitrile, adiponitrile, 1,3, 6-hexane trinitrile, glycerol trinitrile, vinylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, vinyl sulfate, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide.
In a specific embodiment, the electrolyte of the present invention further comprises a non-aqueous organic solvent, wherein the non-aqueous organic solvent is selected from a mixture of cyclic carbonate and linear carbonate, a mixture of cyclic carbonate and linear carboxylate, or a mixture of cyclic carbonate, linear carboxylate and linear carbonate.
Wherein, the cyclic carbonate is selected from at least one of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate, the linear carbonate is selected from at least one of dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, and the linear carboxylate is selected from at least one of ethyl propionate, propyl propionate and propyl acetate.
In a specific embodiment, the electrolyte of the present invention further includes a lithium salt, and the lithium salt may be selected from at least one of lithium hexafluorophosphate and lithium perchlorate.
Further, on the basis of ensuring that the lithium ion battery has good cycle performance and safety performance, in order to improve the charge and discharge performance of the lithium ion battery, the concentration of the lithium salt can be 0.5-2.0 mol/L.
The lithium ion battery provided by the invention can enable the charge cut-off voltage of the lithium ion battery to reach 4.40V or above by limiting the composition of the diaphragm and the electrolyte, the effective compaction density of the positive and negative active material layers, the active material materials selected by the positive and negative pole pieces and other factors.
In a second aspect, the invention provides an electronic device comprising the lithium ion battery provided in the first aspect. The present invention is not limited to the kind of electronic device, and may specifically include, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a notebook computer, an electric vehicle, an electric bicycle, a digital camera, and the like.
The lithium ion battery provided by the present invention will be further described in detail by specific examples.
Examples 1 to 15 and comparative examples 1 to 7
The preparation method of the lithium ion batteries of the embodiments 1 to 15 and the comparative examples 1 to 7 of the invention comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of positive plate
Mixing a positive electrode active material Lithium Cobaltate (LCO), a binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and a conductive agent acetylene black according to a mass ratio of 97:1.5:1.5, adding N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), and stirring under the action of a vacuum stirrer until a mixed system becomes a positive electrode active slurry with uniform fluidity; uniformly coating the positive active slurry on a current collector aluminum foil; and baking the coated aluminum foil in 5 sections of baking ovens with different temperature gradients, drying the aluminum foil in a baking oven at 120 ℃ for 8 hours, and rolling and cutting to obtain the positive plate.
2) Preparation of negative plate
Mixing a negative active material graphite, a thickening agent sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), a binder styrene butadiene rubber and a conductive agent acetylene black according to a mass ratio of 97:1:1:1, adding deionized water, and obtaining negative active slurry under the action of a vacuum stirrer; and uniformly coating the negative active slurry on the high-strength carbon-coated copper foil, airing at room temperature, transferring to an oven at 80 ℃ for drying for 10 hours, and rolling and slitting to obtain the negative plate.
3) Preparation of the electrolyte
In a glove box filled with argon (H)2O<0.1ppm,O2< 0.1ppm), Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), n-propyl propionate were mixed well, and then 1.25mol/L of well-dried lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) was rapidly added thereto6) Dissolving the electrolyte in a non-aqueous organic solvent, uniformly stirring, and obtaining the basic electrolyte after the water and free acid are detected to be qualified.
4) Preparation of the separator
The diaphragm comprises a base film and a ceramic layer which are sequentially stacked, wherein the total thickness of the diaphragm is 7 mu m, the thickness of the base film is 5 mu m, and the thickness of the ceramic layer is 2 mu m. The base film is made of polyethylene, the ceramic layer comprises 90% of inorganic particles m and n and 10% of a binder in percentage by mass, wherein the inorganic particles m and n are alumina particles, and the binder is polyacrylate.
5) Preparation of lithium ion battery
Stacking the positive plate prepared in the step 1), the diaphragm prepared in the step 4) and the negative plate prepared in the step 2), winding to obtain a naked battery cell without liquid injection, placing the naked battery cell in an outer wrapping foil, injecting the electrolyte prepared in the step 3) into the dried naked battery cell, and performing vacuum packaging, standing, formation, shaping, sorting and other processes to obtain the lithium ion battery.
In the preparation of the positive plates in the embodiments 1 to 15 and the comparative examples 1 to 7, the positive plates with different effective compaction densities D1 are obtained by controlling the condition parameters such as rolling pressure, rolling time, rolling temperature, rolling speed and the like in the rolling process; in the preparation of the negative plate, the negative plates with different effective compaction densities D2 are obtained by controlling the condition parameters such as rolling pressure, rolling time, rolling temperature, rolling speed and the like in the rolling procedure; in the preparation of the diaphragm, the mass ratio A of inorganic particles m to inorganic particles n in the ceramic layer is controlled to obtain different diaphragms; in the preparation of the electrolyte, the mass ratio B of the ethylene carbonate to the electrolyte is controlled to obtain different electrolytes.
Specific different parameters in the preparation of the lithium ion batteries of examples 1 to 15 and comparative examples 1 to 7 are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Remarking: when the value A is 0, the ceramic layer does not contain inorganic particles n, and all the inorganic particles m are inorganic particles.
Test examples
The following tests were carried out on the lithium ion batteries of examples 1 to 15 and comparative examples 1 to 7:
1. residue coefficient test after battery sorting
The test method comprises the following steps: after the lithium ion batteries are sorted, recording the residual liquid amount of each group of lithium ion batteries, dividing the residual liquid amount by the next capacity of each group of battery cells to obtain the residual liquid coefficient (g/Ah) of the battery cells, and recording the result as shown in table 1.
2. Contact angle test of electrolyte and diaphragm
The test method comprises the following steps: and (3) testing by using a contact angle tester, dropping a drop of electrolyte on the ceramic surface of the diaphragm, and obtaining a contact angle of the electrolyte spread on the surface of the diaphragm within a certain time by using the contact angle tester, wherein the contact angle represents the wettability of the liquid and the surface, the smaller the contact angle is, the better the affinity is and the better the wettability is, and the recording result is shown in table 2.
3. High temperature cycle test at 45 deg.C
The test method comprises the following steps: and (3) placing the lithium ion battery in a constant temperature environment of 45 ℃ to perform charge and discharge tests at a rate of 0.7C/0.5C, wherein the cut-off voltage range is 3.0-4.48V, the charge and discharge cycles are performed for 500 times, the cycle discharge capacity is recorded and divided by the discharge capacity of the first cycle to obtain a high-temperature cycle capacity retention rate, and the 500 th cycle capacity retention rate is recorded, and the recording results are shown in table 2.
4. 130 ℃ hot box test of lithium ion battery
The test method comprises the following steps: charging the battery cell according to a constant current and a constant voltage of 0.5C until the battery cell is fully charged, standing for within 24h, heating the battery cell by a convection mode or a circulating hot air box at an initial temperature of 20 +/-5 ℃, raising the temperature of the hot box to 130 +/-2 ℃ at a speed of 5 +/-2 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 30 minutes, and then ending the test, if the battery cell does not ignite, burn or explode after the test is ended, judging that the battery cell passes the hot box test, and recording the result as shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
From the data of table 2, the following conclusions can be drawn by analysis:
1. it can be seen from the data of examples 1 to 15 that when the a/B is within the range of 10 to 70 (see examples 3 to 7 and examples 10 to 14), the contact angle between the electrolyte and the separator, the coefficient of residual liquid after battery sorting, the retention rate of 45 ℃ cyclic capacity, the pass rate of the hot box, and the like are all at the optimal level, and the cycle performance, the wettability, and the safety performance of the lithium ion battery are the most excellent.
2. As can be seen from the data of comparative examples 1-6, when the A/B value is less than 1 or more than 100, the contact angle between the electrolyte and the diaphragm is large, the residual liquid coefficient after the battery sorting is small, the circulation capacity retention rate at 45 ℃ and the pass rate of a hot box are low, and the wetting performance, the circulation performance and the safety performance of the lithium ion battery are obviously poor;
further from comparison of data of comparative example 2 and comparative example 3, it can be found that when the inorganic particles in the separator ceramic layer include only large-sized inorganic particles m, not a combination of large-sized inorganic particles m and small-sized inorganic particles n, the wetting property, the cycle property, and the safety property of the lithium ion battery are more undesirable.
3. As can be seen from the comparison of the data of the example 15 and the comparative example 7, when the B value is 0.5 and exceeds the range of 0.05-0.4, the contact angle of the lithium ion battery is relatively large, the battery sorting residue coefficient, the cycle capacity retention rate at 45 ℃ and the pass rate of a hot box are relatively low, and the wettability, the cycle performance and the safety performance of the lithium ion battery of the comparative example 7 are slightly lower than those of the lithium ion battery of the example 15.
In summary, when the lithium ion battery satisfies that A is more than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 10, B is more than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.4, and satisfies: A/B is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 100, the wettability of the electrolyte on the diaphragm is excellent, and the lithium ion battery also has excellent cycle performance and safety performance.
The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising a positive plate, a negative plate, a diaphragm and electrolyte;
the diaphragm comprises a base film and a ceramic layer arranged on at least one functional surface of the base film, wherein the ceramic layer comprises inorganic particles m and inorganic particles n; the volume average particle size of the inorganic particles m is 0.5-1.5 μm, and the volume average particle size of the inorganic particles n is 0.05-0.3 μm; the mass ratio of the inorganic particles n to the inorganic particles m is A, and A is more than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 10;
the electrolyte comprises ethylene carbonate, the mass ratio of the ethylene carbonate to the electrolyte is B, and B is more than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.4;
the relation between A and B satisfies 1 ≤ A/B ≤ 100.
2. The lithium ion battery of claim 1, wherein 10 ≦ A/B ≦ 70.
3. The lithium ion battery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the positive electrode sheet comprises a positive electrode active material layer having an effective compacted density of 3.6 to 4.2g/cm3;
And/or the negative plate comprises a negative active material layer, and the effective compaction density of the negative active material layer is 1.5-1.85 g/cm3。
4. The lithium ion battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the inorganic particles m and the inorganic particles n are respectively selected from one or more of silicon dioxide, boehmite, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium dioxide, titanium oxide, boron nitride, and aluminum nitride.
5. The lithium ion battery according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the ceramic layer has a thickness of 0.5 to 4 μm.
6. The lithium ion battery according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the base film has a thickness of 3 to 9 μm.
7. The lithium ion battery according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the ceramic layer comprises 50 to 99 mass% of the inorganic particles m and n and 1 to 50 mass% of the binder.
8. The lithium ion battery of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the electrolyte further comprises one or more of 1, 3-propanesultone, succinonitrile, adiponitrile, 1,3, 6-hexanetricarbonitrile, glycerotrinitrile, vinylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, vinyl sulfate, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide.
9. The lithium ion battery of any of claims 1-8, wherein the electrolyte further comprises a lithium salt;
the concentration of the lithium salt is 0.5-2.0 mol/L.
10. An electronic device comprising the lithium ion battery according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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