CN113257449A - Storage and transportation device for moon helium 3 - Google Patents
Storage and transportation device for moon helium 3 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113257449A CN113257449A CN202110614795.5A CN202110614795A CN113257449A CN 113257449 A CN113257449 A CN 113257449A CN 202110614795 A CN202110614795 A CN 202110614795A CN 113257449 A CN113257449 A CN 113257449A
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- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-BJUDXGSMSA-N helium-3 atom Chemical compound [3He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-BJUDXGSMSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 156
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 38
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-IGMARMGPSA-N helium-4 atom Chemical group [4He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N Tritium Chemical compound [3H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007499 fusion processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005358 geomagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005486 microgravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
- G21F5/015—Transportable or portable shielded containers for storing radioactive sources, e.g. source carriers for irradiation units; Radioisotope containers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D11/00—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D19/00—Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices or objects to be refrigerated, e.g. infrared detectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
- G21F5/06—Details of, or accessories to, the containers
- G21F5/10—Heat-removal systems, e.g. using circulating fluid or cooling fins
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
- G21F5/06—Details of, or accessories to, the containers
- G21F5/12—Closures for containers; Sealing arrangements
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a storage and transportation device for lunar helium 3, which comprises a passive cooling structure and an active refrigeration structure, wherein the passive cooling structure adopts a double-layer heat insulation structure to insulate liquid helium 3 so as to reduce heat leakage, and utilizes super-flow helium 4 to provide cold energy for low-temperature storage for the liquid helium 3 so as to reduce evaporation of the liquid helium 3; the active refrigeration structure adopts a refrigerator combining a Stirling refrigeration technology and a J-T throttling refrigeration technology to refrigerate, a low temperature of 1.7K is provided, helium 3 gas evaporated due to heat leakage can be cooled again to form liquid helium 3, and a zero evaporation effect of liquid helium 3 storage is realized through a passive cooling heat insulation and active refrigeration mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of helium 3 storage and transportation, in particular to a moon helium 3 storage and transportation device.
Background
Helium 3 is a high-efficiency, clean and stable controllable nuclear fusion fuel for long-term use by human beings, and has very important functions in the fields of extremely low temperature technology and the like. The conventional reactor fuel tritium generates radioactive high-energy neutrons in nuclear fusion, while the helium 3 generates non-radioactive protons in the nuclear fusion process, so that the radiation is small, and the damage to the environment is small. The earth has scarce helium 3 resources, and the total amount is about 20 tons, so the price is high. At present, when the liquid helium 3 is bought on the earth, a small-capacity gas storage tank is adopted, and a low-temperature storage tank which is particularly used for storing and transporting the liquid helium 3 is not available. The moon has great potential for space exploration and mining of valuable resources. Particularly, the abundant helium 3 resource of the moon can provide an abundant non-radioactive fusion fuel source so as to meet the earth-moon energy demand. On the moon, due to the absence of atmospheric air and geomagnetic fields, solar wind particles directly irradiate the surface of the moon and are captured by the lunar soil layer, so that the lunar soil layer accumulates abundant helium 3 in the long geological history of the moon. It is estimated that the storage of lunar helium 3 is huge, amounting to about 100 ten thousand tons, and is available for human use for 1 ten thousand years. However, there is no cryogenic storage tank that can store liquid helium 3 on the surface of the moon, and since the related equipment for transporting liquid helium 3 between the earth and the moon is required to reduce the volume and weight as much as possible while ensuring a low evaporation rate, there is no suitable cryogenic storage tank that can be used to transport liquid helium 3 extracted from the surface of the moon to the earth, and the transportation cost of liquid helium 3 between the earth and the moon is high.
The particular environment of the moon makes storage of helium 3 on the surface of the moon more difficult. The moon rotates for 28 days once, the temperature of 120 ℃ is maintained for 14 days in the daytime, and the temperature of 180 ℃ in the evening is maintained for 14 days. Compared with the earth, the moon has extremely different spin cycles, high vacuum and low gravity environment, and the selectable storage form of the liquid helium 3 is more demanding. The lunar soil can be treated to obtain separated liquid helium 3 and super flow helium 4, and how the separated liquid helium 3 and super flow helium 4 are stored in a lunar base needs a special refrigeration mode and a special low-temperature storage tank. The sealing and insulation of the container storing the super flow helium 4 has two major difficulties: firstly, the super-flow helium has super-flow characteristics and a small viscosity coefficient, and can permeate into a narrow slit; second, the sealing device may be deformed or changed in physical properties at low temperature, so that the device that is not leaked at normal temperature may be leaked in a large amount at low temperature. The low-temperature storage and transportation device is divided into two types according to the existence of active cooling equipment, one type is the low-temperature storage and transportation device with active cooling, the device generally adopts components with larger volume and weight such as a vacuum cover, and the like, and a gas-liquid phase separator is required to be arranged because no obvious separation interface exists between gas and liquid under the microgravity environment of a moon, so the low-temperature storage and transportation device has the problems of large volume and heavy weight; the other type is a low-temperature storage and transportation device without active cooling, which has a compact structure and faces the problems of limited target temperature storage time and the like. The traditional low-temperature storage tank has the problem of overhigh evaporation rate, and for precious liquid helium 3, how to reduce the evaporation of the helium 3 in the transportation process is very important.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, an object of the present invention is to provide a storage and transportation device for lunar helium 3, which can store liquid helium 3 on the surface of the moon in a zero evaporation manner, meet the transportation requirements of the liquid helium 3 between the earth and the moon, omit components such as a vacuum cover with large mass and volume, and have the advantages of simple overall structure, small volume, light weight and low cost.
A storage and transportation device for lunar helium 3 comprises an inner passive heat insulation layer and an outer passive heat insulation layer which are connected in a spaced and sealed mode, wherein a first storage cavity is formed between the inner passive heat insulation layers and used for storing liquid helium 3, a second storage cavity is formed between the inner passive heat insulation layers and the outer passive heat insulation layers and used for storing super-flow helium 4, and the inner passive heat insulation layers, the outer passive heat insulation layers and the super-flow helium 4 form a passive cooling structure for the liquid helium 3 and are used for carrying out passive thermal protection on the liquid helium 3 so as to reduce evaporation of the liquid helium 3.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the storage and transportation device for lunar helium 3 further includes an active refrigeration structure, where the active refrigeration structure includes a refrigerator, a first gas inlet pipe and a first liquid outlet pipe that communicate a refrigerator cold plate of the refrigerator with the first storage cavity, and a first valve disposed in the first gas inlet pipe, and when the temperature of the first storage cavity exceeds a safety value, evaporated helium 3 gas is generated in the first storage cavity, and by opening the refrigerator and opening the first valve, the helium 3 gas can enter the refrigerator cold plate through the first gas inlet pipe to cool down, and reform liquid helium 3 and flow back to the first storage cavity through the first liquid outlet pipe.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the active refrigeration structure further includes a second gas inlet pipe and a second liquid outlet pipe, which communicate the refrigerator cold plate and the second storage cavity, and a second valve disposed in the second gas inlet pipe, wherein when the temperature of the second storage cavity exceeds a safe value, the second storage cavity generates evaporated helium 4 gas, and the helium 4 gas enters the refrigerator cold plate through the second gas inlet pipe to cool down by opening the refrigerator and opening the second valve, so as to reform the overflow helium 4 and flow back to the second storage cavity through the second liquid outlet pipe.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the storage and transportation apparatus for lunar helium 3 further includes a first gas-filled pumping tube connected to the first valve for filling or pumping liquid helium 3, and a second gas-filled pumping tube connected to the second valve for filling or pumping super-flow helium 4.
In an embodiment of the invention, the first valve and the second valve are both three-way valves.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the storage and transportation device for lunar helium 3 further includes an active refrigeration structure, the active refrigeration structure includes a refrigerator and a cold head disposed in the first storage cavity, a refrigerator cold plate of the refrigerator is connected to the cold head through a thermal switch, and the thermal switch is configured to actively switch between a conduction state and a disconnection state between the refrigerator cold plate and the cold head according to a temperature-pressure relationship of the first storage cavity, so as to control cold transmission between the refrigerator cold plate and the first storage cavity.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the storage and transportation device for lunar helium 3 further includes a first gas-filled and pumped pipe, a first valve for controlling the on-off of a pipeline between the first gas-filled and pumped pipe and the first storage chamber, a second gas-filled and pumped pipe, and a second valve for controlling the on-off of a pipeline between the second gas-filled and pumped pipe and the second storage chamber, wherein the first gas-filled and pumped pipe is used for filling or pumping liquid helium 3, and the second gas-filled and pumped pipe is used for filling or pumping super-flow helium 4.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the storage and transportation device for lunar helium 3 further includes one or more monitoring tables for monitoring temperature and pressure values of the first storage chamber and the second storage chamber.
In one embodiment of the invention, the coil heat exchanger is embedded in the cold plate of the refrigerator, and the refrigerator performs refrigeration based on the Stirling refrigeration principle and the J-T throttling refrigeration principle and is used for providing a low temperature of 1.7K.
In an embodiment of the invention, the inside passive heat insulation layer and the outside passive heat insulation layer are made of any one or more materials of pearlife, aluminum foil and heat insulation cotton.
The storage and transportation device for the lunar helium 3 strictly controls heat leakage of the storage and transportation device for the lunar helium 3 by utilizing a multi-layer heat insulation structure, meets the storage requirement of the super-flow helium 4, provides certain cold for the liquid helium 3 by utilizing the super-flow helium 4 separated from lunar soil, provides passive heat protection for the liquid helium 3 by adopting a multi-cold shielding technology and a super-heat insulation material combination mode, reduces heat loss generated by the liquid helium 3 during storage on the lunar surface or transportation between the Earth and the moon, and avoids evaporation of the liquid helium 3, so that the storage and transportation device for the lunar helium 3 is suitable for storing the liquid helium 3 on the lunar surface and can meet the requirement of the liquid helium 3 during transportation between the Earth and the moon.
The moon helium 3 storage and transportation device also adopts an active refrigeration structure, the active refrigeration structure adopts a refrigerator based on the Stirling refrigeration principle and the J-T throttling refrigeration principle as a refrigeration system to provide low temperature of about 1.7K, helium 3 gas evaporated due to heat leakage can be cooled again to form liquid helium 3, the zero evaporation effect of the liquid helium 3 storage can be realized by combining the active refrigeration structure and the passive refrigeration structure, and the active refrigeration structure utilizes the advantages of high vacuum and high cleanness of the moon, omits components such as a vacuum cover with large mass and volume and the like, and has the advantages of simple integral structure, small volume, light weight and low cost.
Further objects and advantages of the invention will be fully apparent from the ensuing description and drawings.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the storage and transportation device for lunar helium 3 according to the first preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the storage and transportation device for lunar helium 3 according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of a refrigerator cold plate of the storage and transportation device for moon helium 3 shown in fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the storage and transportation device for moon helium 3 according to the third preferred embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numbers illustrate: a storage and transportation device 100 for lunar helium 3; a passive cooling structure 10; an inner passive insulation layer 11; an outer passive thermal insulation layer 12; a first storage chamber 101; a second storage chamber 102; an active refrigeration structure 20; a refrigerator 21; a coil heat exchanger 211; a refrigerator cold plate 212; the first intake pipe 22; a first outlet pipe 23; a first valve 24; a second intake pipe 25; a second outlet pipe 26; a second valve 27; a first inflation and evacuation tube 28; a second inflation/evacuation tube 29; a cold head 30; a thermal switch 31.
Detailed Description
The following description is presented to disclose the invention so as to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention. The preferred embodiments in the following description are given by way of example only, and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art. The basic principles of the invention, as defined in the following description, may be applied to other embodiments, variations, modifications, equivalents, and other technical solutions without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that in the present disclosure, the terms "vertical," "lateral," "up," "down," "front," "back," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings for ease of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, the above terms should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
It is understood that the terms "a" and "an" should be interpreted as meaning that a number of one element or element is one in one embodiment, while a number of other elements is one in another embodiment, and the terms "a" and "an" should not be interpreted as limiting the number.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; may be mechanically connected, may be electrically connected or may be in communication with each other; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The invention provides a device for low-evaporation storage of lunar surface helium 3, and provides a device for transportation of lunar helium 3, which fills the blank of storage and transportation of lunar helium 3, and in general, the invention provides a storage and transportation device for lunar helium 3, which can realize zero-evaporation storage of liquid helium 3 on the lunar surface, can meet the transportation requirement of lunar liquid helium 3, omits components such as a vacuum cover with larger mass and volume, and has the advantages of simple integral structure, small volume, light weight and low cost.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a detailed structure of a storage and transportation apparatus 100 for lunar helium 3 according to the present invention is illustrated.
As shown in fig. 1, in the first preferred embodiment of the present invention, the storage and transportation device 100 for lunar helium 3 comprises an inner passive heat insulation layer 11 and an outer passive heat insulation layer 12 which are connected in a spaced and sealed manner, wherein a first storage cavity 101 is formed between the inner passive heat insulation layer 11 and is used for storing liquid helium 3, a second storage cavity 102 is formed between the inner passive heat insulation layer 11 and the outer passive heat insulation layer 12 and is used for storing super-flow helium 4, and the inner passive heat insulation layer 11, the outer passive heat insulation layer 12 and the super-flow helium 4 form a passive cooling structure 10 for liquid helium 3 and are used for passive thermal protection of the liquid helium 3 to reduce evaporation of the liquid helium 3.
In particular, the inside passive heat insulation layer 11 and the outside passive heat insulation layer 12 are made of any one or more materials of pearl sand, aluminum foil and heat insulation cotton, which is not limited by the invention.
It can be understood that the passive cooling structure adopts a mode of combining a top-level vapor cooling multi-cold shielding technology with a super-heat insulation material to form a multi-layer heat insulation structure for storing liquid helium 3, and the multi-layer heat insulation structure is formed by combining thick multi-layer heat insulation, super-flow helium cooling and vacuum.
It can be further understood that the storage and transportation device 100 for lunar helium 3 adopts a multilayer insulation technology to strictly control the heat leakage of the device, which can meet the requirement of storing the super-flow helium 4 and reduce the evaporation of the heat leakage of the liquid helium 3, and at the same time, the super-flow helium 4 of the second storage chamber 102 is used to provide a certain amount of cold for the liquid helium 3 of the first storage chamber 101, so as to play a certain role in heat preservation, that is, the invention provides passive heat protection for the liquid helium 3 by adopting a combination of a multi-cold shielding technology and a super-insulation material, so as to reduce the heat loss generated by the storage of the liquid helium 3 on the lunar surface or the transportation between the Earth and the moon, avoid the evaporation of the liquid helium 3, and provide a storage and transportation device which can be suitable for storing the liquid helium 3 on the lunar surface and can meet the requirement of the transportation of the liquid helium 3 between the Earth and the moon.
It should be noted that, in this preferred embodiment of the present invention, the storage and transportation device 100 for lunar helium 3 employs a double-layer heat insulation structure to passively cool and insulate the liquid helium 3, in some embodiments of the present invention, the storage and transportation device 100 for lunar helium 3 may also employ more than two layers, such as three layers, four layers, five layers, etc., to passively cool and insulate the liquid helium 3, and correspondingly, a plurality of storage chambers may be provided to store the overflow helium 4, and the number of the heat insulation layers and the number of the storage chambers employed by the storage and transportation device 100 for lunar helium 3 are not limited by the present invention.
It should be noted that the storage and transportation device 100 for lunar helium 3 according to the first preferred embodiment of the present invention is particularly suitable for transporting liquid helium 3 between earth and moon, when the liquid helium 3 needs to be transported back to earth, the storage and transportation device 100 for lunar helium 3 shown in fig. 1 is filled with the liquid helium 3 and a certain amount of overflow helium 4, taking into consideration the volume capacity and carrying capacity of the returning cabin, and the overflow helium 4 is used to provide the liquid helium 3 with the cooling capacity needed for returning from the moon, so as to reduce the evaporation of the helium 3, thereby providing a cryogenic storage and transportation device capable of storing the liquid helium 3 and meeting the transportation requirement for transporting the liquid helium 3 between earth and moon.
It will also be appreciated that the passive thermal protection alone will cause partial evaporation of the liquid helium 3, and in order to achieve the effect of zero evaporation, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, in a second preferred embodiment of the present invention, the storage and transportation device 100 for lunar helium 3 according to the present invention is further operated by an active refrigeration method. Specifically, the active mechanical refrigeration (Stirling refrigeration + J-T throttling refrigeration) which has good refrigeration efficiency and can run for a long time in a lunar base is selected as a refrigeration system to provide low temperature of about 1.7K.
More specifically, the storage and transportation device 100 for lunar helium 3 further comprises an active refrigeration structure 20, wherein the active refrigeration structure 20 comprises a refrigerator 21, a refrigerator cold plate 212 communicating with the refrigerator 21, a first gas inlet pipe 22 and a first liquid outlet pipe 23 of the first storage cavity 101, and a first valve 24 arranged in the first gas inlet pipe 22, wherein when the temperature of the first storage cavity 101 exceeds a safe value, evaporated helium 3 gas is generated in the first storage cavity 101, and the helium 3 gas can enter the refrigerator cold plate 212 via the first gas inlet pipe 22 to cool down by opening the refrigerator 21 and opening the first valve 24, so that liquid helium 3 is reformed and flows back to the first storage cavity 101 via the first liquid outlet pipe 23.
Further, the active refrigeration structure 20 further includes a second gas inlet pipe 25 and a second liquid outlet pipe 26 communicating the refrigerator cold plate 212 and the second storage cavity 102, and a second valve 27 disposed in the second gas inlet pipe 25, wherein when the temperature of the second storage cavity 102 exceeds a safe value, evaporated helium 4 gas is generated in the second storage cavity 102, and the helium 4 gas can enter the refrigerator cold plate 212 via the second gas inlet pipe 25 to cool down by opening the refrigerator 21 and opening the second valve 27, so as to reform over-flow helium 4 and flow back to the second storage cavity 102 via the second liquid outlet pipe 26.
It should be mentioned that the storage and transportation device 100 for lunar helium 3 further comprises one or more monitoring meters for monitoring the temperature and pressure values of the first storage chamber 101 and the second storage chamber 102, which may be thermometers and/or pressure meters for monitoring the condition of helium in the storage and transportation device 100 for lunar helium 3. When the monitoring meter monitors that the temperature of the liquid helium 3 and/or the super flow helium 4 is overhigh, the evaporated gas is generated in the first storage cavity 101 and/or the second storage cavity 102, at the moment, the refrigerator 21 combining the Stirling and the J-T throttling refrigeration is started for refrigeration, when the lowest temperature of the refrigerator 21 reaches about 1.7K, the first valve 24 and/or the second valve 27 are/is opened, helium evaporated due to heat leakage enters the coil heat exchanger 211 embedded in the cold plate 212 of the refrigerator through the first air inlet pipe 22 and/or the second air inlet pipe 25, is cooled again, and finally flows back to the corresponding first storage cavity 101 or the second storage cavity 102 through the first liquid outlet pipe 23 and/or the second liquid outlet pipe 26, so that the storage and transportation device 100 of the lunar helium 3 can store the super-flow helium 4 and the liquid helium 3 at a low temperature.
It will be appreciated that when the temperature of the overflow helium 4 and liquid helium 3 drops to a safe value, the first valve 24 and the second valve 27 may be closed, the refrigerator 21 closed, and the storage of liquid helium 3 by means of the passive cooling structure 10.
It can be further understood that, since the saturation pressure of helium 3 is higher at 1.7K and the transition temperature of helium 4 is 2.17K, the temperature of refrigerator 21 reaches about 1.7K, and the first valve 24 and/or the second valve 27 are controlled to be opened, so that helium 3 gas evaporated due to heat leakage is cooled again to form liquid helium 3, and helium 4 gas evaporated due to heat leakage is changed to a transition state of superflow due to the temperature lower than the transition temperature of superflow to form superflow helium 4 again. Thus, by combining the active cooling structure 20 and the passive cooling structure 10, a zero evaporation effect of the stored liquid helium 3 can be achieved.
The storage and transportation device 100 for lunar helium 3 according to the second preferred embodiment of the present invention is particularly suitable for storing liquid helium 3 on the surface of the moon. By utilizing the advantages of high vacuum and high cleanness of the moon, the active refrigeration structure 20 can omit components such as vacuum covers with large mass and volume, has simple overall structure, small volume, light weight and low cost, and can realize the zero evaporation effect of the liquid helium 3 stored on the surface of the moon.
It should be noted that the storage and transportation device 100 for lunar helium 3 further comprises a first gas-filled exhaust pipe 28 connected to the first valve 24 and a second gas-filled exhaust pipe 29 connected to the second valve 27, wherein the first gas-filled exhaust pipe 28 is used for filling or extracting liquid helium 3, and the second gas-filled exhaust pipe 29 is used for filling or extracting overflow helium 4.
It is also worth mentioning that the first valve 24 and the second valve 27 are three-way valves.
As shown in fig. 4, a detailed structure of the storage and transportation apparatus 100 for moon helium 3 according to the third preferred embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. The third preferred embodiment is a modification of the second preferred embodiment, and provides a modification of the active cooling structure 20. Specifically, in the third preferred embodiment, the active refrigeration structure 20 includes a refrigerator 21 and a cold head 30 disposed in the first storage cavity 101, a refrigerator cold plate 212 of the refrigerator 21 is connected to the cold head 30 through a thermal switch 31, and the thermal switch 31 is configured to actively switch between a conducting state and a disconnecting state between the refrigerator cold plate 212 and the cold head 30 according to a temperature-pressure relationship of the first storage cavity 101, so as to control cold energy transmission between the refrigerator cold plate 212 and the first storage cavity 101.
Unlike the second preferred embodiment, in the third preferred embodiment, the refrigerator 21 provides refrigeration only to the first storage chamber 101, and the transfer of refrigeration between the refrigerator 21 and the first storage chamber 101 is controlled by the thermal switch 31. The storage and transportation device 100 for lunar helium 3 of the third preferred embodiment is also suitable for storing liquid helium 3 on the lunar surface, enabling a zero-boil-off storage effect.
Further, the storage and transportation device 100 for lunar helium 3 further comprises a first gas-filled and pumping pipe 28, a first valve 24 for controlling the on-off of a pipeline between the first gas-filled and pumping pipe 28 and the first storage cavity 101, a second gas-filled and pumping pipe 29, and a second valve 27 for controlling the on-off of a pipeline between the second gas-filled and pumping pipe 29 and the second storage cavity 102, wherein the first gas-filled and pumping pipe 28 is used for filling or pumping liquid helium 3, and the second gas-filled and pumping pipe 29 is used for filling or pumping super-flow helium 4.
In summary, the storage and transportation device 100 for lunar helium 3 of the present invention comprises a passive cooling structure 10 and an active refrigeration structure 20, wherein the passive cooling structure 10 adopts a double-layer insulation structure to insulate heat of the liquid helium 3 to reduce heat leakage, and uses the super-flow helium 4 to provide cold energy for low-temperature storage of the liquid helium 3 to reduce evaporation of the liquid helium 3; the active refrigeration structure 20 adopts the refrigerator 21 combining the Stirling refrigeration technology and the J-T throttling refrigeration technology to refrigerate, and provides a low temperature of 1.7K, so that helium 3 gas evaporated due to heat leakage can be cooled again to form liquid helium 3, and a zero evaporation effect of the liquid helium 3 storage is realized through a passive cooling heat insulation and active refrigeration mode. That is to say, the invention provides certain cold energy for the liquid helium 3 through the super-flow helium 4, and adopts an active refrigeration mode combining J-T throttling refrigeration and cryogenic adsorption refrigeration technology and a passive refrigeration mode combining top-level vapor cooling multi-cold shielding technology and super-insulation materials, thereby realizing zero evaporation of the liquid helium 3 stored on the surface of the moon and meeting the requirement of transporting the liquid helium 3 between the earth and the moon.
The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above examples only express preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The storage and transportation device for the lunar helium 3 is characterized by comprising an inner passive heat insulation layer and an outer passive heat insulation layer which are connected in a spaced and sealed mode, wherein a first storage cavity is formed between the inner passive heat insulation layers and used for storing the liquid helium 3, a second storage cavity is formed between the inner passive heat insulation layers and the outer passive heat insulation layers and used for storing the super-flow helium 4, and the inner passive heat insulation layers, the outer passive heat insulation layers and the super-flow helium 4 form a passive cooling structure for the liquid helium 3 and are used for carrying out passive thermal protection on the liquid helium 3 so as to reduce evaporation of the liquid helium 3.
2. The lunar helium 3 storage and transportation device according to claim 1, further comprising an active refrigeration structure, wherein the active refrigeration structure comprises a refrigerator, a first gas inlet pipe and a first liquid outlet pipe which are communicated with a refrigerator cold plate of the refrigerator and the first storage cavity, and a first valve arranged in the first gas inlet pipe, wherein when the temperature of the first storage cavity exceeds a safety value, evaporated helium 3 gas is generated in the first storage cavity, and the helium 3 gas can enter the refrigerator cold plate of the refrigerator through the first gas inlet pipe to cool down, reform liquid helium 3 and flow back to the first storage cavity through the first liquid outlet pipe by opening the refrigerator and opening the first valve.
3. The lunar helium 3 storage and transportation device according to claim 2, wherein the active refrigeration structure further comprises a second gas inlet pipe and a second liquid outlet pipe which are communicated with the refrigerator cold plate and the second storage cavity, and a second valve arranged in the second gas inlet pipe, wherein when the temperature of the second storage cavity exceeds a safe value, evaporated helium 4 gas is generated in the second storage cavity, and the helium 4 gas can enter the refrigerator cold plate through the second gas inlet pipe to cool down by opening the refrigerator and opening the second valve, so that the overflowed helium 4 is reformed and flows back to the second storage cavity through the second liquid outlet pipe.
4. The lunar helium 3 storage and transportation device according to claim 3, further comprising a first gas-filled exhaust pipe connected to the first valve for filling or extracting liquid helium 3 and a second gas-filled exhaust pipe connected to the second valve for filling or extracting super helium 4.
5. The lunar helium 3 storage and transportation device according to claim 4, wherein the first valve and the second valve are three-way valves.
6. The lunar helium 3 storage and transportation device according to claim 1, further comprising an active refrigeration structure, wherein the active refrigeration structure comprises a refrigerator and a cold head arranged in the first storage cavity, a refrigerator cold plate of the refrigerator is connected to the cold head through a thermal switch, and the thermal switch is used for actively switching a conduction state and a disconnection state between the refrigerator cold plate and the cold head according to a temperature-pressure relationship of the first storage cavity so as to control cold transmission between the refrigerator cold plate and the first storage cavity.
7. The lunar helium 3 storage and transportation device according to claim 5, further comprising a first gas-filled pumping pipe, a first valve for controlling the on-off of a pipeline between the first gas-filled pumping pipe and the first storage chamber, a second gas-filled pumping pipe, and a second valve for controlling the on-off of a pipeline between the second gas-filled pumping pipe and the second storage chamber, wherein the first gas-filled pumping pipe is used for filling or extracting liquid helium 3, and the second gas-filled pumping pipe is used for filling or extracting super-current helium 4.
8. The lunar helium 3 storage and transportation device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising one or more monitoring tables for monitoring temperature and pressure values of the first and second storage chambers.
9. The moon helium 3 storage and transportation device according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the coil heat exchanger is embedded in the cold plate of the refrigerator, and the refrigerator performs refrigeration based on Stirling refrigeration principle and J-T throttling refrigeration principle and is used for providing low temperature of 1.7K.
10. The moon helium 3 storage and transportation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the inside passive thermal insulation layer and the outside passive thermal insulation layer are made of any one or more materials selected from pearlife, aluminum foil, and heat-insulating cotton.
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