CN113256089B - Underground water resource exploitation amount measuring method for hilly area - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a measuring method for underground water resource exploitation capacity in a hilly area, which comprises the following steps: the hilly area is used as a research area, and a base ratio relation curve of the research area is determined; measuring and calculating unreasonable underground water exploitation amount in a hilly area of a research area; and measuring and calculating the underground water resource exploitation quantity of the hilly area of the research area. The invention provides a method for measuring the underground water resource exploitation amount in a hilly area, which is easy to operate, is applicable to areas with lack of data and larger scale and measures the underground water resource exploitation amount in the hilly area on the basis of water resource investigation and evaluation data developed by water conservancy departments and combines a basic ratio concept, so as to meet the requirement of water resource management.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water resource investigation and evaluation in water conservancy industry, and particularly relates to a measuring method for underground water resource exploitation capacity in a hilly area.
Background
According to the definition of the underground water exploitation amount, the underground water exploitation amount is required to be measured on the premise of protecting the ecological environment and sustainable utilization of underground water resources. The underground water exploitation amount is generally used as the upper limit of the threshold value for regional underground water management and development, and is the primary basis for formulating underground water treatment and protection management and control indexes. Because of complex occurrence conditions of underground water in a hilly area, the problem of the exploitation amount of underground water resources in the hilly area by different departments and different researchers has not been uniformly known so far.
The main measuring and calculating method at present mainly comprises the following steps: actual production investigation method, drainage compensation method and comprehensive analysis method: (1) The actual exploitation amount investigation method is a method for taking the exploitation amount of the shallow groundwater on average for years as the exploitation amount of the groundwater, and is only applicable to areas with low exploitation and utilization degrees of the groundwater, and the application range is too narrow; (2) The drainage compensation method is a method that in a certain time including dry season and rainseason, the underground water system can realize the balance of mining and compensation, and the volume of the regulated and stored space is taken as the underground water exploitation volume, and the method avoids a series of practical difficulties existing in order to obtain the hydrogeology parameters or water balance elements, but needs to find out the underground karst regulation space with huge research area, has larger workload and cannot be popularized in a large range; (3) The comprehensive analysis method is to directly adopt the existing water source land exploration and evaluation result or to check and correct the producible quantity by analyzing the correlation between the water level and the water quantity of the produced area so as to finally obtain the producible quantity. Aiming at small-range areas with rich data and certain research work, the method can provide more reasonable exploitation amount, has the defects of high requirement on data results, complex measuring and calculating process, large-range area measuring and calculating difficulty, lack of consideration on ecological protection, and is difficult to popularize in regional underground water management and practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention provides a method for measuring the underground water resource exploitation amount in a hilly area, which can effectively solve the problems.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a measuring method for underground water resource exploitation capacity in a hilly area, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, a hilly area is used as a research area, and a base ratio relation curve of the research area is determined, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step 1.1, for the investigation region, obtaining a year-by-year natural base flux R with less influence on human exploitation and without causing ecological problems g And year by year natural runoff R; natural base flow R for the i th year gi And natural runoff amount R of the ith year i The base ratio a in the ith year is obtained by the following formula i ：
Step 1.2, the base ratio a of each year i As discrete points, the discrete points are subjected to curve fitting in a coordinate system with the abscissa being the natural runoff and the ordinate being the natural base flow, so as to obtain a base ratio relation curve;
step 2, measuring and calculating unreasonable exploitation quantity Q of underground water in a hilly area of a study area, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step 2.1, measuring and calculating the current actual measurement base flow R 'of the research area' g And the current net consumption C 'of groundwater exploitation, and the current natural base flow R' is obtained by adopting the following reduction calculation " g ：
R” g ＝R′ g +C’
Step 2.2, using the current natural base flow rate R' g For searching conditions, searching the base ratio relation curve obtained in the step 1 to obtain the natural base flow R' corresponding to the current situation " g Corresponding base ratio, wherein: the current situation corresponds to the base ratio, denoted as a ";
step 2.3, obtaining reasonable natural runoff R' by adopting the following formula " 0 ：
R” 0 ＝R” g /a”
Step 2.4, calculating the current natural runoff rate R' of the research area, and obtaining the unreasonable exploitation rate Q of the underground water in the hilly area by adopting the following formula:
Q＝R” 0 -R”
step 3, measuring and calculating the underground water resource exploitation quantity W of the hilly area in the research area, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step 3.1, measuring and calculating the current groundwater exploitation quantity Q of the hilly area of the research area Current status quo ；
Step 3.2, judging whether the unreasonable exploitation quantity Q of the underground water in the hilly area is smaller than zero, if so, indicating that the unreasonable exploitation of the underground water does not exist in the research area, and boiling the underground waterThe current state of groundwater production quantity Q in hilly area without influencing the ecological environment Current status quo The underground water resource in the hilly area can be used as the exploitation amount W; if not, executing the step 3.3;
and 3.3, obtaining the underground water resource producible amount W of the hilly area by adopting the following formula:
W＝Q current status quo -Q
Thus obtaining the producible amount W of the underground water resource in the hilly area.
Preferably, in step 1, the annual natural base flow rate R is obtained according to the water resource evaluation result published by the water conservancy related departments g And annual natural runoff R.
The method for measuring the underground water resource exploitation amount in the hilly area has the following advantages:
the invention provides a method for measuring the underground water resource exploitation amount in a hilly area, which is easy to operate, is applicable to areas with lack of data and larger scale and measures the underground water resource exploitation amount in the hilly area on the basis of water resource investigation and evaluation data developed by water conservancy departments and combines a basic ratio concept, so as to meet the requirement of water resource management.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for measuring the underground water resource exploitation capacity in a hilly area;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the base diameters according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects solved by the invention more clear, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a method for measuring the underground water resource exploitation amount in a hilly area, which is easy to operate, is applicable to areas with lack of data and larger scale and measures the underground water resource exploitation amount in the hilly area on the basis of water resource investigation and evaluation data developed by water conservancy departments and combines a basic ratio concept, so as to meet the requirement of water resource management.
The meaning of the related nouns related to the invention is explained as follows:
diameter flow rate: refers to the amount of water passing through a certain water section of a river in a certain period of time. The runoff is generally obtained by actual measurement, also known as measured runoff.
Base flow rate: refers to the drainage of groundwater to a river channel, and is the component part with the most stable runoff. The base flow rate can be approximately obtained by a method of dividing the actual flow rate process.
And (3) reduction calculation: to reflect the runoff or base flow conditions in the natural state, the portion of the water regulated and consumed by human activity is added back to the measured value, called the recovery calculation.
Natural runoff: in the range of the water collection area of the river basin, the influence of human activities is small, and when the generation and collection of runoffs are basically carried out in a natural state, the runoff quantity at the river outlet is reduced. Is generally calculated according to the reduction of the runoff.
Natural base flow rate: refers to basal flow in natural conditions that are unaffected or less affected by human activity. The method can be obtained by a method of dividing the natural runoff amount process, or by a method of reducing calculation.
Base ratio: the ratio of the natural basal flow rate to the natural runoff rate of a section of a hydrologic station. The larger the base diameter ratio is, the closer the relation between the base flow and the runoff is, and the better the stability of the runoff is; the smaller the base ratio, the less stable the runoff, and the more intense the reaction to human and natural influences.
Base ratio relationship curve: and the relationship curve is obtained by adopting a data fitting method to the discrete data points of the annual natural basal flow and the natural runoff.
Unreasonable exploitation amount of underground water in hilly area: refers to the amount of water produced in addition to the amount of groundwater which can be produced.
Underground water resource exploitation amount in hilly area: the method is economical and reasonable in the range of hilly areas, the technology is feasible, and the maximum water quantity allowed to be taken out can not be caused under the conditions of ecological environment and geological problems such as base flow attenuation, continuous decline of underground water level, water quality deterioration, seawater invasion, ground subsidence and the like after the utilization.
The invention provides a method for measuring the amount of underground water resource exploitation in a hilly area, which is shown in FIG. 1 and comprises the following steps:
step 1, a hilly area is used as a research area, and a base ratio relation curve of the research area is determined, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step 1.1, for the investigation region, obtaining a year-by-year natural base flux R with less influence on human exploitation and without causing ecological problems g And year by year natural runoff R;
natural base flow R for the i th year gi And natural runoff amount R of the ith year i The base ratio a in the ith year is obtained by the following formula i ：
Therefore, the base ratio a i The meaning is as follows: under the condition that ecological environment problems are not caused by underground water exploitation in hilly areas, the base diameter ratio of the ith year is improved.
Step 1.2, the base ratio a of each year i As discrete points, the discrete points are subjected to curve fitting in a coordinate system with the abscissa being the natural runoff and the ordinate being the natural base flow, so as to obtain a base ratio relation curve;
considering the development and utilization process of groundwater in China, the second national water resource investigation and evaluation data (series values in 1980-2000) can be generally adopted, the base ratio under different water supply conditions is calculated year by year, and a base ratio relation curve is established.
Step 2, measuring and calculating unreasonable exploitation quantity Q of underground water in a hilly area of a study area:
the main idea of the method is as follows: climate change, human exploitation, hydraulic engineering construction, water and soil conservation measures and the like can change the underground water drainage structure of the hilly area, and cause the change of the base ratio. When measuring and calculating the available amount of groundwater resources in the current hilly area, the influence of human activities on the basal flow is considered, and the basal flow R 'is actually measured at the current situation' g And the current natural runoff amount R' is calculated in a reduction way. Actual measurement of the current situationQuantity R' g The sum of the current underground water exploitation net consumption C 'is taken as the current natural base flow R' g Bringing the basic diameter ratio relation curve into the corresponding reasonable natural runoff R', thereby obtaining " 0 Reasonable natural runoff R' 0 The difference between the current natural runoff quantity R 'and the current natural runoff quantity R' is the unreasonable exploitation quantity Q of the underground water in the hilly area.
The specific implementation method is as follows:
step 2.1, measuring and calculating the current actual measurement base flow R 'of the research area' g And the current net consumption C' of groundwater exploitation; the current net consumption C' of underground water exploitation is the water quantity which is not returned to the river after exploitation.
The following reduction calculation is adopted to obtain the current natural base flow R' g ：
R” g ＝R′ g +C’
Step 2.2, using the current natural base flow rate R' g For searching conditions, searching the base ratio relation curve obtained in the step 1 to obtain the natural base flow R' corresponding to the current situation " g Corresponding base ratio, wherein: the current situation corresponds to the base ratio, denoted as a ";
step 2.3, obtaining reasonable natural runoff R' by adopting the following formula " 0 ：
R” 0 ＝R” g /a”
Step 2.4, calculating the current natural runoff rate R' of the research area, and obtaining the unreasonable exploitation rate Q of the underground water in the hilly area by adopting the following formula:
Q＝R” 0 -R”
step 3, measuring and calculating the underground water resource exploitation quantity W of the hilly area in the research area, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step 3.1, measuring and calculating the current groundwater exploitation quantity Q of the hilly area of the research area Current status quo ；
Step 3.2, judging whether the unreasonable exploitation quantity Q of the underground water in the hilly area is smaller than zero, if so, indicating that the unreasonable exploitation does not exist in the research area, the exploitation of the underground water does not influence the ecological environment, and the current exploitation quantity Q of the underground water in the hilly area Current status quo Can be used as the groundwater in hilly areasResource producibility W; if not, executing the step 3.3;
and 3.3, obtaining the underground water resource producible amount W of the hilly area by adopting the following formula:
W＝Q current status quo -Q
Thus obtaining the producible amount W of the underground water resource in the hilly area.
One specific embodiment is described below:
taking a hilly area of a certain city in the north as an example, selecting two units with larger and smaller underground water exploitation amount according to a river basin nested administrative area as a calculation unit, and respectively calculating the exploitation amount of underground water resources in the hilly area.
Determining a base ratio relation curve
According to the water resource evaluation results published by the water conservancy related departments, respectively establishing a series of base ratio relation curves of the computing unit year by year, and detailed in fig. 2:
(II) measuring and calculating unreasonable underground water exploitation quantity Q in hilly area
For actual measurement of the current state of the base flow R' g Performing reduction calculation to obtain actual measurement base flow R' g The sum of the current underground water exploitation net consumption C 'is taken as the current natural base flow R' g Bringing the basic diameter ratio relation curve into the corresponding reasonable natural runoff R', thereby obtaining " 0 The calculation results are shown in Table 1:
table 1: reasonable natural runoff R' 0 Measuring and calculating the result
Units: yim 3
Reasonable natural runoff R' 0 The difference between the current natural runoff quantity R 'and the current natural runoff quantity R' is the unreasonable exploitation quantity Q of the underground water in the hilly area, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Q＝R” 0 -R”
the calculation results obtained according to the calculation formula are shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2 calculation of the amount of unreasonable groundwater production in hilly areas
Units: yim 3
(III) measuring and calculating the underground water resource recovery W in hilly area
The calculation result of the unreasonable underground water exploitation quantity Q of the hilly area of the unit 1 is larger than zero, and the current underground water exploitation quantity Q of the hilly area Current status quo The difference between the underground water yield Q and the unreasonable underground water yield Q in the hilly area is the underground water resource producible yield W in the hilly area, and the calculation formula is as follows:
W＝Q current status quo -Q
If the calculated result of the unreasonable exploitation quantity Q of the underground water in the hilly area of the unit 2 is smaller than zero, unreasonable exploitation exists, and the current exploitation quantity Q of the underground water in the hilly area is calculated Current status quo 0.04 hundred million m 3 The underground water resource producible amount W in the hilly area is obtained.
TABLE 3 underground Water resource availability in hilly areas
Units: yim 3
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The method can simply and conveniently calculate the underground water resource exploitation quantity in the hilly area, and has less calculation tools and materials, thereby greatly reducing the calculation cost. Based on water resource investigation and evaluation data developed by water conservancy related departments, the measuring, calculating and analyzing can be completed through simple basic operation, and the method is easy to grasp and is particularly suitable for basic level management staff.
(2) The method starts from a physical mechanism of groundwater circulation, considers groundwater circulation health and surface water runoff stability, meets ecological protection requirements, can effectively reduce damage of groundwater over-exploitation to ecological geological environment, and ensures sustainable utilization of water resources.
(3) The method has better applicability, and is suitable for administrative divisions of provinces, cities, counties and the like and water resource river basin divisions in large-scale measurement and calculation.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which is also intended to be covered by the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The underground water resource exploitation amount measuring method for the hilly area is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, a hilly area is used as a research area, and a base ratio relation curve of the research area is determined, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step 1.1, for the investigation region, obtaining a year-by-year natural base flux R with less influence on human exploitation and without causing ecological problems g And year by year natural runoff R; natural base flow R for the i th year gi And natural runoff amount R of the ith year i The base ratio a in the ith year is obtained by the following formula i ：
Step 1.2, the base ratio a of each year i As discrete points, the discrete points are subjected to curve fitting in a coordinate system with the abscissa being the natural runoff and the ordinate being the natural base flow, so as to obtain a base ratio relation curve;
step 2, measuring and calculating unreasonable exploitation quantity Q of underground water in a hilly area of a study area, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step 2.1, measuring and calculating the current actual measurement base flow R 'of the research area' g And the current net consumption C 'of groundwater exploitation, and the current natural base flow R' is obtained by adopting the following reduction calculation " g ：
R” g ＝R′ g +C’
Step 2.2, using the current natural base flow rate R' g To find a barSearching the relation curve of the base ratio obtained in the step 1 to obtain the natural base flow R' with the current situation " g Corresponding base ratio, wherein: the current situation corresponds to the base ratio, denoted as a ";
step 2.3, obtaining reasonable natural runoff R' by adopting the following formula " 0 ：
R” 0 ＝R” g /a”
Step 2.4, calculating the current natural runoff rate R' of the research area, and obtaining the unreasonable exploitation rate Q of the underground water in the hilly area by adopting the following formula:
Q＝R” 0 -R”
step 3, measuring and calculating the underground water resource exploitation quantity W of the hilly area in the research area, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step 3.1, measuring and calculating the current groundwater exploitation quantity Q of the hilly area of the research area Current status quo ；
Step 3.2, judging whether the unreasonable exploitation quantity Q of the underground water in the hilly area is smaller than zero, if so, indicating that the unreasonable exploitation does not exist in the research area, the exploitation of the underground water does not influence the ecological environment, and the current exploitation quantity Q of the underground water in the hilly area Current status quo The underground water resource in the hilly area can be used as the exploitation amount W; if not, executing the step 3.3;
and 3.3, obtaining the underground water resource producible amount W of the hilly area by adopting the following formula:
W＝Q current status quo -Q
Thus obtaining the producible amount W of the underground water resource in the hilly area.
2. The method for measuring the underground water resource exploitation amount in a hilly area according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the annual natural base flow rate R is obtained according to the water resource evaluation result published by the water conservancy related departments g And annual natural runoff R.
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