CN113255124A - Ancient damming event reconstruction method based on sedimentary-geomorphic evidence chain - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of water disaster prevention, in particular to a reconstruction method of an ancient damming event based on a deposition-landform evidence chain, which comprises the following steps: obtaining data information, analyzing and sorting the data, confirming barrier lake parameters, simulating reconstruction data, and comparing and analyzing to obtain results. The invention provides a practical and effective reconstruction method of an ancient damming event, which can obtain a real and reliable result, comprehensively judges the scale and the age of the ancient damming event from the perspective of a deposition-landform evidence chain by means of multiple evidences, ensures the reliability of a reconstruction result, improves the correct understanding of people on historical disasters, reveals the catastrophe history and the law of major disasters in a long-time sequence of a region, and provides a solid foundation for scientifically predicting the activity trend of future damming disasters and accurately identifying and predicting giant damming events.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water disaster prevention, in particular to a method for reconstructing an ancient damming event based on a deposition-landform evidence chain.
Background
The damming event is a lake formed by blocking a river section by landslide, glaciers, moraine, volcanic lava and the like, and a complete process of collapse occurs along with the increase of upstream water storage capacity, so that serious damage is often caused in a mountain area. In the morning of 17 days in 10 months in 2018, the Shandongpu in Shanghai village of the prefecture of Milin, Tibet, has the occurrence of icebound-debris flow with the volume of 5.4 x 106m3, blocks the Yaluzanbu river, has the water storage capacity of a Weisse lake of about 1.5 x 108m3, causes 6000 upstream and downstream people to suffer from disasters, and threatens the Lasa-Linzhi railway under construction. However, because the occurrence frequency of the damming event is low, observation data and historical records are scarce, and the research difficulty of the evolution rule of the formation mechanism and the risk is large. Only by accurately recognizing the catastrophe history of the major damming event in the region, the activity trend of future damming disasters can be scientifically predicted, and the giant damming event can be accurately identified and predicted. Therefore, reconstruction of the huge ancient damming event is needed to reveal the history and the law of the long-time sequence and serious disasters in the area, and the possibility of the damming event under the coupling action of the construction activities and the climate changes is predicted by combining the ancient times and the modern times, so that the huge damming event is scientifically prevented.
Because the damming event mostly occurs in the mountainous canyon region with active geological surface process, the deposition and landform evidences of the damming event are often strongly transformed in the later period, the stored information is incomplete, and if only depending on a single evidence, the reconstruction results of different scholars to the same event are often greatly different. For example, since the collapse of the rocky gorge barrage lake upstream of the yellow river is probably related to the death of the ancient ruined sites, the ancient barrage lake is most studied, and a lot of light emission and 14C age measurement are carried out, but the formation years of reconstruction of different scholars vary from more than 1 ten thousand years to 4000 years, some research shows that the flood peak is 40-50 ten thousand meters 3/s, and some research shows that the barrage lake is died by gradual silting, and no obvious collapse flood is generated. Because the reliability of the reconstruction result is difficult to ensure by the current reconstruction method, the correct recognition of the historical disasters is hindered. The scale and the age of the ancient damming event need to be comprehensively judged from the perspective of a sedimentary-geomorphic evidence chain, and the reliability of a reconstruction result is enhanced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of reconstruction of the conventional barrier lake event, the invention provides a reconstruction method of an ancient barrier lake event based on a sedimentary-geomorphic evidence chain.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a reconstruction method of an ancient damming event based on a sedimentary-geomorphic evidence chain is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: acquiring data information: obtaining different deposition units in a lake-dam-flood deposition system based on deposition-geomorphic evidence by utilizing remote sensing interpretation and field investigation;
s2: data analysis and sorting: collating the information obtained in the step S1 with the existing information to obtain related parameters of the weir dam, and analyzing a key evidence formed by a deposition structure and substances of the weir dam;
s3: confirm the parameters of the barrier lake: investigating lake phase deposition parameters in a research area, estimating barrier lake data parameters and an evolution process according to the lake phase deposition parameters in the area, and determining the age of deposit and death of the barrier lake;
s4: based on deposition dynamics and landform, inverting flood related data of the dammed lake related downstream break, performing flood evolution numerical simulation, reconstructing high-energy flood peak flow, and determining the age of flood sediments;
s5: and determining the relation between the damming dam and the flood of the downstream break through source analysis, comparing and analyzing the matching degree between the damming lake data parameters and the flood related data to obtain a reliable flood peak flow result, mutually verifying the age result of the flood sediment and the age of the upstream lake phase sediment, establishing a reliable ancient damming event age sequence, and reconstructing the ancient damming event.
Further, in the reconstruction method, a year measuring technology is adopted when the age of the dammed lake, the age of the flood sediment and the age of the upstream lake phase sediment are measured.
Further, in S2, the damming dam related parameters include type, length, height and width parameters.
Further, in S3, the lake phase deposition parameters in the area include distribution, elevation, sediment thickness and particle size; the data parameters of the barrier lake comprise water surface elevation, area and storage capacity.
Further, in S4, inverting the flood related data of the dammed lake related downstream breach is performed using a high energy flood deposition sequence.
Further, in S5, when the matching degree between the barrier lake data parameter and the flood related data is comparatively analyzed, the barrier lake reservoir capacity and the flood flow rate are used as comparison data.
Further, in S4, the flood routing numerical simulation is performed by using the following formula:
wherein eta is the flood water surface elevation, Z is the riverbed elevation, h is the water depth, u and v respectively represent the flow velocity in the x and y directions, τ bx and τ by respectively represent the bottom shearing force in the x and y directions, g is the gravity acceleration, and n is the Manning coefficient.
Further, in S4, the method for reconstructing the peak flow rate of the high-energy flood includes obtaining high-energy flood levels at different flow rates through numerical simulation obtained through the flood routing numerical simulation, marking a minimum level with a top elevation of a sediment body such as a giant sand dam, and reconstructing the peak flow rate of the high-energy flood through a step-by-step backwater method; meanwhile, hydrodynamic conditions and water flow direction are indicated through deposition structures such as corrugated layers, staggered layers and the like, flow depth, flow velocity values and flow velocity fields obtained through numerical simulation are further checked through empirical relations, and model calculation results are adjusted and optimized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a practical and effective reconstruction method of an ancient damming event, which can obtain a real and reliable result, comprehensively judges the scale and the age of the ancient damming event from the perspective of a deposition-landform evidence chain by means of multiple evidences, ensures the reliability of a reconstruction result, improves the correct understanding of people on historical disasters, reveals the catastrophe history and the law of major disasters in a long-time sequence of a region, and provides a solid foundation for scientifically predicting the activity trend of future damming disasters and accurately identifying and predicting giant damming events.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the flow structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the actual operation of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a lake-dam-flood deposition system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the stepwise backwater method of the present invention for reestablishing high energy flood peak flows; wherein, the column diagram represents a giant sand dam, and the line represents the water surface height of the high-energy flood;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the flooding range shown by the flood routing numerical simulation result of the present invention; wherein the shading represents the flooding ranges in different traffic scenarios.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the technical solutions of the present technology, the present technology is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the description of the present technology is only exemplary and explanatory, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present technology in any way.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
It should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships that are conventionally placed when the products of the art are used, and are used only for convenience in describing the technology and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the technology.
Furthermore, the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "overhang" and the like do not imply that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or overhang, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the present technology, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present technology can be understood in a specific case to those of ordinary skill in the art.
The ancient damming event reconstruction method based on the sedimentary-geomorphic evidence chain focuses on the easy-to-send region of the landslide damming lake in the high-mountain canyon region, comprehensively uses the multidisciplinary professional knowledge of sedimentology, geomorphology, chronology, hydraulics and the like to reconstruct the ancient damming event, and comprises the following steps as shown in figure 1:
s1: utilizing remote sensing interpretation and field investigation to clarify different sedimentation units in a lake-dam-flood sedimentation system based on sedimentation-geomorphic evidence;
s2, arranging and checking the ancient damming dam information acquired through remote sensing interpretation and field investigation with the existing information, preliminarily acquiring the type of the damming dam and parameters such as the length, height and width of the damming dam, and analyzing the key evidence formed by the deposition structure and the substances of the damming dam;
s3, surveying the evidence of distribution, elevation, sediment thickness, particle size and the like of lake phase sediment in the research area, estimating the water surface elevation, area, reservoir capacity and evolution process of the barrier lake, and obtaining the survival and death age of the barrier lake by using a year measuring technology;
s4, based on deposition dynamics and geomorphology, inverting the evidence of flood period, flow, water level change and the like by using the high-energy flood deposition sequence, carrying out flood evolution numerical simulation on the basis, reconstructing the peak flow of the high-energy flood, and determining the age of the flood sediments by adopting a year measurement technology;
s5, determining the relation between the damming dam and the downstream breach flood through source analysis, comparing and analyzing the matching degree between the damming lake reservoir capacity and the flood flow to obtain a reliable flood peak flow result, mutually verifying the age result of the flood sediment and the age of the upstream lake phase sediment, and establishing a reliable ancient damming event age sequence, thereby systematically reconstructing the ancient damming event.
A more specific practical operational flow of the method is shown in fig. 2.
Firstly, constructing a high-energy flood evidence chain based on a lake-dam-flood deposition system;
the location of ancient damming events is roughly determined by remote sensing interpretation, for example, damming lake-lake phase deposition is usually distributed on two banks in a terrace form, the residual dam body and the rear wall of a landslide also have obvious morphological characteristics, and high-energy flood sediment body is usually distributed on a branch trench and a convex bank.
Secondly, confirming remote sensing interpretation results through field investigation. The different depositions of the lake-dam-flood system (as shown in figure 3) are described and explained in detail. Special deposition structures such as ripples and staggered stratification in lake-phase sediments and unconformity contact surfaces are focused, which may represent key evidences such as a burst event or full-capacity damming of a barrage lake reservoir; identifying reservoir sector delta sediment, wherein the elevation of the reservoir sector delta sediment is a reliable index of the stable water level of the ancient dammed lake; and reconstructing the original range and the river plugging height of the dam body by combining the breach form through landslide characteristic deposition summarized by Anja Dufresne (2016), and inverting the evolution process of the dam body by multiple times of breach erosion reflected by the stepped form inside the breach.
Moreover, the high-energy flood deposition is mixed accumulation, is very easy to be mixed with sediments caused by disasters such as debris flow and the like, and needs to be distinguished by referring to the typical characteristics provided by Paul Carling (2013) to analyze the deposition power and the source supply change in the flood fluctuation and evolution process; and (4) combing the evidence of ancient soil layers, lake interlayer, particle lithology mutation and the like in the high-energy flood deposition in detail, and reading the flood period.
And finally, measuring sedimentary bodies such as lake facies, dam bodies and high-energy flood by using instruments such as RTK (real-time kinematic), distance meters and the like, acquiring the tug-of-war height and absolute elevation of key layer positions in the sedimentary bodies, carrying out unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey and three-dimensional reconstruction on key objects such as landslide dams, giant sand dams and the like, and acquiring high-resolution images and DEMs (digital elevation models).
Secondly, a high-energy flood year-measuring scheme of multi-angle mutual verification;
the top and bottom boundaries of lake facies and the corrugated layer capable of indicating the crash event are selected for light-releasing and light-releasing14And C, measuring the year, and establishing a chronological framework of the change of the storage capacity of the ancient Weissen lake. Through animal or plant residues inside the dam14And C, restricting the age of river blockage of the landslide according to the age of bottom light-release light deposited in the landslide pond of the dam body.
High-energy flood sediments are poor in sunning and retreating, but staggered stratification and ripple layers are formed by long-distance transported bed load in shallow water environment, sunning and retreating of the sediments are probably relatively good, so that the horizon and ancient soil layers are preferentially selected for photometric years, and the ancient soil layers are used14And C, year measurement is taken as an assistant. In addition, the high-energy flood vortex sand dam may block the tributary to form lake phase, and the light released from the bottom of the dam is utilized14The C age can also restrict the age of flood.
In consideration of the partial solarization problem of high-energy flood deposition, an Abarnick chart can be used for indicating the dispersion of equivalent dose to check the exposure of the sample, and the photoluminescence year scheme is adjusted according to the dispersion, and the year result is calculated by using a minimum age model. Finally, the different deposition end members of the lake-dam-flood system release light and emit light14Bearing the fruit in C ageAnd mutual comparison verification is carried out, so that the reliability of the high-energy flood dating frame is ensured to the maximum extent.
Thirdly, a high-energy flood quantitative reconstruction scheme;
extracting contour lines of the ancient dammed lake reservoir area based on DEM data, and integrating the water level-area curve to obtain a water level-reservoir capacity curve; determining key parameters of a dam break scouring model such as particle size, lithology and the like according to the results of field investigation and indoor analysis; analyzing and obtaining an ancient dam bursting flow process line by adopting an earth-rock dam bursting model developed by the subject group; the method comprises the steps of taking a flow process curve as an input condition, carrying out space dispersion on flow and flow speed based on a DEM (digital elevation model), solving a two-dimensional shallow water model, simulating the downstream evolution process of flood (see the following formula in detail), and outputting data such as flood peak flow water level, flow speed vector, flow depth, submerging range and the like.
In the formula, eta is flood water surface elevation, Z is riverbed elevation, h is water depth, u and v represent flow velocity in x and y directions respectively, and taubxAnd τbyRespectively representing the bottom shearing force in the x direction and the y direction, g is the gravity acceleration, and n is the Manning coefficient.
Obtaining high-energy flood water levels under different flow rates through the numerical simulation, marking the minimum water level by the top elevation of the sediment body such as the giant sand dam and the like, and performing a step-by-step backwater method (fig. 4)
5) And (5) reestablishing the peak flow of the high-energy flood. Meanwhile, hydrodynamic conditions and water flow directions are indicated by sedimentary formations such as corrugated layers and staggered layers, for example, the corrugated height H and water depth H satisfy a scaling relationship of H ═ H/6 (see (Bradley and venditi, 2017) for details). The flow depth (fig. 5), flow velocity values and flow velocity fields obtained by numerical simulation were further examined by such empirical relationships, and the model calculation results were adjusted and optimized.
Due to the complexity of the disaster chain process of the ancient barrage lake, the parameter reconstruction and the year-fixing reliability of the ancient barrage lake are difficult to guarantee only according to a single evidence. Based on ancient dammed lake reconstruction and dating of a 'dammed lake-dammed dam-burst flood' deposition and landform evidence chain, the reliability of a reconstruction result can be greatly improved. Only by clearly knowing the occurrence history of the disasters, the disaster prediction can be accurately carried out, and the major engineering safety of high-risk areas is guaranteed. The method provided by the invention will play an important role in reconstructing the history of the barrier event.
It should be noted that there are no specific structures in the above description, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications, decorations, or changes can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention; such modifications, variations, or combinations, or applying the concepts and solutions of the technology directly to other applications without further modifications, are intended to be within the scope of the present technology.
Claims (8)
1. A reconstruction method of an ancient damming event based on a sedimentary-geomorphic evidence chain is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: acquiring data information: obtaining different deposition units in a lake-dam-flood deposition system based on deposition-geomorphic evidence by utilizing remote sensing interpretation and field investigation;
s2: data analysis and sorting: collating the information obtained in the step S1 with the existing information to obtain related parameters of the weir dam, and analyzing a key evidence formed by a deposition structure and substances of the weir dam;
s3: confirm the parameters of the barrier lake: investigating lake phase deposition parameters in a research area, estimating barrier lake data parameters and an evolution process according to the lake phase deposition parameters in the area, and determining the age of deposit and death of the barrier lake;
s4: simulating and reconstructing data: based on deposition dynamics and landform, inverting flood related data of the dammed lake related downstream break, performing flood evolution numerical simulation, reconstructing high-energy flood peak flow, and determining the age of flood sediments;
s5: the comparative analysis obtains the results: and determining the relation between the damming dam and the flood of the downstream break through source analysis, comparing and analyzing the matching degree between the damming lake data parameters and the flood related data to obtain a reliable flood peak flow result, mutually verifying the age result of the flood sediment and the age of the upstream lake phase sediment, establishing a reliable ancient damming event age sequence, and reconstructing the ancient damming event.
2. The method for reconstructing an ancient damming event based on depositional-geomorphic evidence chain according to claim 1, wherein: in the reconstruction method, the dating technology is adopted when determining the age of the dammed lake, the age of the flood sediment and the age of the upstream lake-phase sediment.
3. The method for reconstructing an ancient damming event based on depositional-geomorphic evidence chain according to claim 1, wherein: in S2, the dam related parameters include type, length, height and width parameters.
4. The method for reconstructing an ancient damming event based on depositional-geomorphic evidence chain according to claim 1, wherein: in S3, the lake phase deposition parameters in the area comprise distribution, elevation, sediment thickness and grain size; the data parameters of the barrier lake comprise water surface elevation, area and storage capacity.
5. The method for reconstructing an ancient damming event based on depositional-geomorphic evidence chain according to claim 1, wherein: in S4, inverting the flood related data for the dammed lake related downstream breach is performed using a high energy flood deposition sequence.
6. The method for reconstructing an ancient damming event based on depositional-geomorphic evidence chain according to claim 1, wherein: in S5, when the matching degree between the barrier lake data parameter and the flood related data is comparatively analyzed, the barrier lake storage capacity and the flood flow rate are used as comparison data.
7. The method for reconstructing an ancient damming event based on depositional-geomorphic evidence chain according to claim 1, wherein: in S4, the flood routing numerical simulation is performed using the following formula:
wherein eta is flood water surface elevation, Z is riverbed elevation, h is water depth, u and v represent flow velocity in x and y directions respectively, and taubxAnd τbyRespectively representing the bottom shearing force in the x direction and the y direction, g is the gravity acceleration, and n is the Manning coefficient.
8. The method for reconstructing an ancient damming event based on depositional-geomorphic evidence chain as claimed in claim 7, wherein: in S4, the method for reconstructing the peak flow rate of the high-energy flood includes obtaining high-energy flood levels at different flow rates through numerical simulation obtained through numerical simulation of flood routing, marking a minimum level with a top elevation of a sediment body such as a giant sand dam, and reconstructing the peak flow rate of the high-energy flood through a step-by-step backwater method; meanwhile, hydrodynamic conditions and water flow direction are indicated through deposition structures such as corrugated layers, staggered layers and the like, flow depth, flow velocity values and flow velocity fields obtained through numerical simulation are further checked through empirical relations, and model calculation results are adjusted and optimized.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116609124A (en) * | 2023-07-19 | 2023-08-18 | 北京建工环境修复股份有限公司 | Device and method for taking columnar mud sample underwater |
| CN116609124B (en) * | 2023-07-19 | 2023-09-29 | 北京建工环境修复股份有限公司 | Device and method for taking columnar mud sample underwater |
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