CN113253675B - Two-dimensional-oriented three-axis tool location point operation method and system - Google Patents
Two-dimensional-oriented three-axis tool location point operation method and system Download PDFInfo
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- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
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- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/19—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by positioning or contouring control systems, e.g. to control position from one programmed point to another or to control movement along a programmed continuous path
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- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a two-dimensional-oriented three-axis tool location point operation method and a two-dimensional-oriented three-axis tool location point operation system, wherein the tool location point operation method comprises the steps of determining the position of a tool location point on a model object according to two-dimensional coordinates of the tool location point, and calling a mapping relation between a target area and the height value of the tool location point to determine the height value of the tool location point if the tool location point is judged to be located in the target area of any flat surface on the model object; and the height value of the knife location point is combined with the two-dimensional coordinate of the knife location point to output the three-dimensional coordinate of the knife location point. The invention can directly take the height of the flat surface of the target area as the height values of all the knife location points in the target area during the knife location point calculation, calculate the knife location points which are not in the target area in the original triangular surface tiling three-dimensional mode, and directly output the height values of the knife location points in the target area of the flat surface, thereby simplifying the calculation efficiency of the knife location points.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of three-dimensional model data processing, in particular to a two-dimensional-oriented three-axis tool location point operation method and system.
Background
Currently, in CAM triaxial development, since a machining tool path needs to be generated, a large amount of calculation is needed for calculating tool positions of each point in an area. The tool position refers to a point for representing a tool feature in programming and machining, and also refers to a tool cutting point and a reference point for machining, and the tool position refers to a geometric point representing a tool position on the tool, and the point coincides with a tool movement path.
The current general method for calculating the cutter location point is to perform triangular surface patch or gridding processing on the whole part, and then to obtain the cutter location point according to the shape of the cutter and the relationship among a plurality of triangular surface patches or grid surface patches. However, the method of calculating the tool location by using only the triangular patch or the mesh patch needs a lot of time to complete, and cannot improve the calculation efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, one of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a two-dimensional oriented three-dimensional tool location point calculation method, which can perform fast calculation on the tool location point in the target area of the flat surface and improve the calculation efficiency.
The second objective of the present invention is to provide a two-dimensional three-dimensional tool location point calculation system.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an electronic device.
It is a fourth object of the present invention to provide a storage medium.
One of the purposes of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a two-dimensional oriented three-axis tool location point operation method comprises the following steps:
determining the position of the cutter location point on the model object according to the two-dimensional coordinates of the cutter location point, and calling a mapping relation between a target area and the height value of the cutter location point to determine the height value of the cutter location point if the cutter location point is judged to be located in the target area of any flat surface on the model object; and the height value of the knife location point is combined with the two-dimensional coordinate of the knife location point to output the three-dimensional coordinate of the knife location point.
Further, the method for determining the target area of the flat surface on the model object comprises the following steps:
traversing each model surface of the model object, marking the model surface meeting preset conditions as a flat surface, and projecting the flat surface to an XY projection plane to obtain a first projection area;
cutting the model object along the height of the flat surface, and projecting the cut model surface to an XY projection plane to obtain a second projection area;
and carrying out two-dimensional region Boolean operation on the first projection region and the second projection region by combining the radius of the cutter so as to obtain target regions with the same cutter location point height value.
Further, the method for marking the model surface satisfying the preset condition as a flat surface comprises the following steps:
judging the surface state of the model in advance, and judging whether the surface of the model is a plane or not;
performing normal vector calculation on the model surface in the plane state to obtain a plane normal vector;
calculating the vector product of the normal vector of the plane and the vector of the tool;
judging whether the fabs (d-1) < eps condition is met between the vector product and a preset calculation error, and if so, marking the surface of the current model as a flat surface; wherein d is the vector product of the normal vector of the plane and the vector of the tool, and eps is a preset calculation error.
Further, the method of projecting the cut model surface into the XY projection plane to obtain the second projection region is:
obtaining a model surface above the height of the cut flat surface, and projecting each cut model surface to an XY projection plane to obtain a projection area of each model surface;
and carrying out Boolean union operation between the areas on the projection area of each model surface to splice the projection areas to obtain a second projection area.
Further, the method for performing two-dimensional region boolean operation on the first projection region and the second projection region in combination with the tool radius to obtain the target regions with the same tool location point height values includes:
acquiring the radius of a cutter, and outwardly biasing the radius of the cutter in the second projection area to obtain an avoidance area;
and performing Boolean difference calculation between the avoidance area and the first projection area, wherein the difference calculation result is the target area with the same cutter location point height value.
Further, the method for determining the mapping relation between the target area and the height value of the cutter location point comprises the following steps:
and acquiring the height value of the flat surface of the target area, and taking the height value as the height value of each cutter position point on the target area, thereby establishing a mapping relation between different target areas and the height values of the cutter position points.
Further, the method for judging whether the tool location point is in the target area of any flat surface on the model object comprises the following steps:
constructing a straight line segment by taking a two-dimensional point of a tool location point to be calculated as a starting point and taking an infinite distance as an end point;
traversing each target area in the model object, sequentially performing intersection operation on all boundary lines and straight line segments of each target area to calculate the number of intersection points, and if the number of the intersection points of the boundary line and the straight line segment of any one target area is an odd number, determining that the two-dimensional coordinate of the tool location point is in the target area.
The second purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a two-dimensional oriented three-axis tool location point computing system, comprising:
the preprocessing module is used for preprocessing the model object to mark a target area of each flat surface in the model object;
the judging module is used for judging whether the knife location point is positioned in a target area of any flat surface on the model object according to the two-dimensional coordinates of the knife location point;
the calling module is used for calling the mapping relation between the target area and the height of the cutter location point so as to determine the height value of the cutter location point in the target area;
and the output module is used for outputting the three-dimensional coordinate of the cutter location point by combining the height value of the cutter location point and the two-dimensional coordinate of the cutter location point.
The third purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
an electronic device comprises a processor, a memory and a computer program stored on the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor implements the two-dimensional-oriented three-axis tool location calculation method when executing the computer program.
The fourth purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed, implements the two-dimensional-oriented three-axis tool location calculation method described above.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a two-dimensional-oriented three-axis tool location point operation method based on the characteristic that the Z heights of tool locations in most areas in a flat surface are the same, and a two-dimensional-oriented target area with the same Z heights of tool locations in the flat surface is found by utilizing a two-dimensional-oriented mode, so that the height of the flat surface where the target area is located can be directly used as the height values of all the tool locations in the target area during tool location point calculation, the tool locations which are not located in the target area are still calculated in an original three-dimensional mode of triangular surface veneering, and the height values of the tool locations in the target area of the flat surface can be directly output, thereby simplifying the operation efficiency of the tool locations.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall flow chart of a three-axis tool location point calculation method according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a model object according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a distribution plot of all model surfaces in a model object of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a first projection region obtained by projecting the plane of the surface 1 according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the present invention cutting a model object with a surface 1 plane;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a first projection area obtained by projecting the plane of the surface 5 according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the present invention cutting a model object with a surface 5 plane;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the present invention projecting a cut surface;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the present invention with the tool radius offset outward for a second projected area;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a first projection region obtained by projecting an avoidance region onto the plane of the surface 5 according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the present invention for obtaining a target area after differencing;
FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a three-axis tool location calculation system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description, and it should be noted that any combination of the embodiments or technical features described below can be used to form a new embodiment without conflict.
Example one
The embodiment provides a two-dimensional-oriented three-axis tool location point operation method, and if a tool location point required to be calculated is just in a target area of a flat surface, a height value of the tool location point in the target area of the flat surface can be directly output, so that the operation efficiency of the tool location point is simplified.
As shown in fig. 1, the tool location point calculation method of the present embodiment specifically includes the following steps:
step S1: when the cutter position of the cutter at a certain position needs to be calculated, firstly acquiring a two-dimensional coordinate P0(x0, y0) of the cutter position, and determining the position of the cutter position on the model object according to the two-dimensional coordinate P0 of the cutter position;
step S2: tracking target areas of all marked flat surfaces in the model object, judging whether P0 is in the target area of any flat surface, and if the cutter location point is in the target area of any flat surface on the model object, calling the mapping relation between the target area and the cutter location point height value to determine the height value of the cutter location point; in the mapping relation, the height value of the knife location point is the height value of the target area where the knife location point is located and is also the height value of the flat surface where the knife location point is located;
if the tool location point is not located in the target area of any flat surface, the calculation method of the tool location point needs to be calculated according to the traditional three-dimensional mode through a triangular patch, and a tool location point processing method using the triangular patch or gridding processing belongs to the prior art and is not described in detail herein.
Step S3: after the height value of the knife location point is obtained, the height value of the knife location point is combined with the two-dimensional coordinate of the knife location point, so that the three-dimensional coordinate of the knife location point is obtained and can be output.
In this embodiment, the model object needs to be preprocessed before the tool location point operation is performed, so as to determine which regions in the model object are target regions of the flat surfaces, and determine the target region of each flat surface, so as to quickly output the height value of the tool location point in the target region in the following.
The method for determining the target area of the flat surface on the model object in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step S11: and traversing each model surface of the model object, marking the model surface meeting the preset condition as a flat surface, and projecting the flat surface into an XY projection plane to obtain a first projection area.
Before judging whether a model surface is a flat surface or not, judging whether the model surface is a plane or a curve, and if the model surface is the plane, calculating a subsequent vector product; if the model surface is a curved surface, the requirement for a flat surface is not satisfied, so it is ignored and the next model surface is processed continuously.
The method for judging whether the surface of one model is a plane or not comprises the following steps: in the CAD modeling, a non-uniform rational B-spline surface is generally used to store the surface of the model, and it is only necessary to determine whether all control points of the non-uniform rational B-spline surface are on the same plane if it is determined whether a non-uniform rational B-spline surface is a plane.
After the model surface is judged to be a plane, calculating a normal vector of the plane, and recording the normal vector of the plane as Vnorm = { x0, y0, z0 }; meanwhile, tool vectors are required to be obtained, wherein the tool vectors are Vtool = {0,0,1 }; calculating the vector product of the plane normal vector and the tool vector, d = dot (Vnorm, Vtool) =0 × x0+0 × y0+1 × z0= z 0; judging whether the condition of Fabs (d-1) < eps is met between the vector product and a preset calculation error, wherein Fabs is a function for solving an absolute value, d is a vector product of a plane normal vector and a cutter vector, eps is a preset calculation error, and the calculation error value in the embodiment is 0.000001; if the condition is met, the plane is a flat plane and is marked; if the condition is not satisfied, the plane is not a flat plane, and the next model surface is processed.
In this embodiment, a tool position point calculation method is described by taking a model diagram shown in fig. 2 as an example, and all surfaces of a model are obtained, as shown in fig. 3, the model has 11 surfaces in total. The flat surface has two features: the first feature is a plane; the second feature is that the normal vector of the plane is (0,0, 1). Therefore, the model shown in fig. 2 was found to be a flat surface only for the surface 1 and the surface 5.
After determining the flat surface of the model object, projecting the flat surface to the XY plane in the reference three-dimensional coordinate system to obtain a first projection area, as shown in fig. 4, projecting the flat surface 1 to the XY plane to obtain the first projection area of the surface 1 as shown in fig. 4. As shown in fig. 6, a first projection area of the surface 5 is obtained by projecting the surface 5 flat to the XY plane.
Step S12: cutting the model object along the height of the flat surface, and projecting the cut model surface to a projection plane to obtain a second projection area;
since the flat surface is one of the surfaces in the model object, the height of the flat surface in the model object is the height value of the flat surface, the height corresponding to the flat surface is z0, in this embodiment, a z = z0 plane is used to respectively intercept all the surfaces of the model object, as shown in fig. 5, if a z = z0 plane is used to cut the model object, the portion above the z = z0 plane is empty, and at this time, step S13 does not need to be executed, the entire flat surface is directly marked as the target area, and the height value of each tool location point in the flat surface is the height value of the flat surface.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, a part is cut on a horizontal plane where a flat surface of a surface 5 is located, if a model object is cut into an upper part and a lower part after cutting, in this embodiment, XY plane projection is performed on a surface above a z = z0 plane to obtain a plurality of projection areas, as shown in fig. 8, the plurality of projection areas are a projection area 1, a projection area 2, and a projection area 3, and then area-by-area merging boolean operations are performed on the projection area 1, the projection area 2, and the projection area 3 to splice the projection areas to obtain a second projection area, that is, the plurality of projection areas are merged, so that the plurality of projection areas form a whole.
Step S13: and carrying out graph combination operation on the first projection area and the second projection area by combining the radius of the tool to obtain a target area of the flat surface.
As shown in fig. 9, after the second projection area is obtained, a tool radius R is obtained, and the tool radius is biased outwards on the basis of the second projection area to obtain an avoidance area; as shown in fig. 10 and 11, the difference operation is performed on the avoidance region and the first projection region, and the difference operation result is the target region of the flat surface, that is, the target region = the first projection region — the avoidance region. In the target area, the height values of the cutter location points are consistent and are the height values of the flat surface where the target area is located, and the target area and the corresponding height value of the flat surface are recorded.
And after the target area of each flat surface in the model object is obtained, the height value of the flat surface where each target area is located is obtained, and a mapping relation between the target area and the height z of the cutter location point is established for the height value.
In the knife location point calculating process, if the knife location point needing to be calculated is in any target area in the model object, the mapping relation can be directly called to find the height value of the knife location point, and then the three-dimensional coordinate of the knife location point can be generated by combining the two-dimensional coordinate of the knife location point for outputting. And calculating points which are not in any target area by adopting a general method of triangular tiling and gridding processing. Compared with the traditional mode of performing triangular surface tiling on all knife points, the method for finding the target areas with the same height values of all knife points in advance can greatly shorten the operation time and improve the operation efficiency.
In this embodiment, the method for determining whether a point p0(x0, y0) is in the target area includes:
another point P1(x0, infinity) is taken out from the point P0, a straight line segment is constructed by taking P0 as a starting point P1 as an end point, and the straight line segment is recorded as line 0;
and traversing each target area, taking all boundary lines of the current target area, intersecting the straight line segment line0 with all boundary lines of the current target area to obtain the number of intersections, judging the number of the intersections, and if the number of the intersections is an odd number, determining that the point p0(x0, y0) is in the current target area.
In the embodiment, a two-dimensional method is used for calculating the target area in the flat area of the model object, and the height values of the tool location points in the target area are consistent, so that the calculation of the tool location points is accelerated. In this embodiment, the height of the knife position in the target area is recorded after the target area is obtained. When the knife location point is calculated, the height value of the target area of the point in the target area is directly taken as the height value of the knife location point, the traditional three-dimensional mode of triangular surface tiling is replaced for calculation, and the calculation speed and efficiency can be greatly improved; for points not within the target area, the general method is still used for calculation.
Example two
As shown in fig. 12, the present embodiment provides a two-dimensional-oriented three-axis tool location calculation system, where the calculation system of the present embodiment executes the tool location calculation method described in the first embodiment, and the calculation system of the present embodiment specifically includes the following steps:
the preprocessing module is used for preprocessing the model object to mark a target area of each flat surface in the model object;
the judging module is used for judging whether the knife location point is positioned in a target area of any flat surface on the model object according to the two-dimensional coordinates of the knife location point;
the calling module is used for calling the mapping relation between the target area and the height of the cutter location point so as to determine the height value of the cutter location point in the target area;
and the output module is used for outputting the three-dimensional coordinate of the cutter location point by combining the height value of the cutter location point and the two-dimensional coordinate of the cutter location point.
EXAMPLE III
The embodiment provides an electronic device, which includes a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor implements the two-dimensional-oriented three-axis tool location calculation method of the first embodiment when executing the computer program; in addition, the present embodiment further provides a storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed, the two-dimensional-oriented three-axis tool location calculation method according to the first embodiment is implemented.
The apparatus and the storage medium in this embodiment are based on two aspects of the same inventive concept, and the method implementation process has been described in detail in the foregoing, so that those skilled in the art can clearly understand the structure and implementation process of the system in this embodiment according to the foregoing description, and for the sake of brevity of the description, details are not repeated here.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A two-dimensional oriented three-axis tool location point operation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method for predetermining the target area of the flat surface on the model object comprises the following steps: traversing each model surface of the model object, marking the model surface meeting preset conditions as a flat surface, and projecting the flat surface to an XY projection plane to obtain a first projection area; cutting the model object along the height of the flat surface, and projecting the cut model surface to an XY projection plane to obtain a second projection area; performing two-dimensional region Boolean operation on the first projection region and the second projection region by combining the radius of the cutter to obtain target regions with the same cutter location point height value;
determining the position of the cutter location point on the model object according to the two-dimensional coordinates of the cutter location point, and calling a mapping relation between a target area and the height value of the cutter location point to determine the height value of the cutter location point if the cutter location point is judged to be located in the target area of any flat surface on the model object; and the height value of the knife location point is combined with the two-dimensional coordinate of the knife location point to output the three-dimensional coordinate of the knife location point.
2. The two-dimensional oriented three-axis tool location point calculation method of claim 1, wherein the method for marking the model surface meeting the preset condition as a flat surface comprises the following steps:
judging the surface state of the model in advance, and judging whether the surface of the model is a plane or not;
performing normal vector calculation on the model surface in the plane state to obtain a plane normal vector;
calculating the vector product of the normal vector of the plane and the vector of the tool;
judging whether the fabs (d-1) < eps condition is met between the vector product and a preset calculation error, and if so, marking the surface of the current model as a flat surface; wherein d is the vector product of the normal vector of the plane and the vector of the tool, and eps is a preset calculation error.
3. The two-dimensional oriented three-axis tool position calculation method of claim 1, wherein the method of projecting the cut model surface into the XY projection plane to obtain the second projection area is:
obtaining a model surface above the height of the cut flat surface, and projecting each cut model surface to an XY projection plane to obtain a projection area of each model surface;
and carrying out Boolean union operation between the areas on the projection area of each model surface to splice the projection areas to obtain a second projection area.
4. A two-dimensional oriented three-axis tool location calculation method according to claim 1, wherein the two-dimensional region boolean calculation is performed on the first projection region and the second projection region in combination with the tool radius to obtain the target regions with the same tool location point height value by:
acquiring the radius of a cutter, and outwardly biasing the radius of the cutter in the second projection area to obtain an avoidance area;
and performing Boolean difference calculation between the avoidance area and the first projection area, wherein the difference calculation result is the target area with the same cutter location point height value.
5. The two-dimensional oriented three-axis tool location point calculation method of claim 1, wherein the determination method of the mapping relationship between the target area and the height value of the tool location point is as follows:
and acquiring the height value of the flat surface of the target area, and taking the height value as the height value of each cutter position point on the target area, thereby establishing a mapping relation between different target areas and the height values of the cutter position points.
6. The two-dimensional oriented three-axis tool location point calculation method of claim 1, wherein the method for judging whether the tool location point is in the target area of any flat surface on the model object comprises the following steps:
constructing a straight line segment by taking a two-dimensional point of a tool location point to be calculated as a starting point and taking an infinite distance as an end point;
traversing each target area in the model object, sequentially performing intersection operation on all boundary lines and straight line segments of each target area to calculate the number of intersection points, and if the number of the intersection points of the boundary line and the straight line segment of any one target area is an odd number, determining that the two-dimensional coordinate of the tool location point is in the target area.
7. A two-dimensional oriented three-axis tool location calculation system, which performs the two-dimensional oriented three-axis tool location calculation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and the system comprises:
the preprocessing module is used for preprocessing the model object to mark a target area of each flat surface in the model object;
the judging module is used for judging whether the knife location point is positioned in a target area of any flat surface on the model object according to the two-dimensional coordinates of the knife location point;
the calling module is used for calling the mapping relation between the target area and the height of the cutter location point so as to determine the height value of the cutter location point in the target area;
and the output module is used for outputting the three-dimensional coordinate of the cutter location point by combining the height value of the cutter location point and the two-dimensional coordinate of the cutter location point.
8. An electronic device, comprising a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the two-dimensional oriented three-axis tool location calculation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 when executing the computer program.
9. A storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed, implements the two-dimensional oriented three-axis tool position calculation method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
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