CN113252995A - Fusion layer attenuation determination method based on ground rainfall intensity weighting - Google Patents

Fusion layer attenuation determination method based on ground rainfall intensity weighting Download PDF

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CN113252995A
CN113252995A CN202110521662.3A CN202110521662A CN113252995A CN 113252995 A CN113252995 A CN 113252995A CN 202110521662 A CN202110521662 A CN 202110521662A CN 113252995 A CN113252995 A CN 113252995A
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attenuation
fusion layer
ground
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刘西川
咸明皓
赵迎诚
曾庆伟
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National University of Defense Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a fusion layer attenuation determination method based on ground rainfall intensity weighting, which comprises the following steps: s1, establishing fusion layer average characteristic attenuation multiplier based on T matrix
Figure DDA0003064263920000011
And an empirical model of ground rain intensity R and satellite signal downlink frequency f; s2, measuring the ground rain intensity R, collecting the elevation angle theta of the satellite receiving antenna, and calculating the propagation path length l of the electric wave in the melting layer; s3, calculating fusion layer attenuation A based on the ground rainfall intensity R, the propagation path length l and the empirical modelm. The method determines the attenuation of the melting layer through the ground rain intensity, not only can ensure the accuracy of the result, but also greatly simplifies the operation steps, saves the cost and has stronger universality.

Description

Fusion layer attenuation determination method based on ground rainfall intensity weighting
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of evaluating radio wave propagation attenuation, in particular to a fusion layer attenuation determining method based on ground rainfall intensity weighting.
Background
The precipitation melting layer is called "zero-temperature layer bright band" in radar meteorology because of its enhancing effect on the reflectivity factor and its attenuating effect on the energy of the electric wave. For the traditional weather radar of S wave band and C wave band, the electric wave attenuation of the melting layer can not generate obvious influence on rainfall measurement; however, for radars with higher operating frequencies such as the X-band and the W-band, significant errors are introduced into the precipitation quantitative inversion result due to the attenuation of the fusion layer. In the field of ground-to-air communication and broadcasting, a satellite-ground link between an antenna and a satellite passes through a fusion layer, signal distortion is caused by electric wave attenuation, particularly, along with the rapid development of a satellite communication constellation, the working frequency of the satellite-ground link is gradually improved, and the influence of the fusion layer attenuation on the design, use and maintenance of the satellite-ground link is more obvious. Therefore, accurate quantitative estimation of fusion layer attenuation is of great significance.
At present, calculation of fusion layer attenuation mainly depends on long-term statistical data to establish an empirical model, not only depends on a large amount of statistical data seriously, and cannot accurately determine fusion layer attenuation at a certain moment and a certain position, but also has great difference in different areas, and has obvious regional limitation. Relevant researches show that the evaluation of the attenuation of the fusion layer by combining numerical simulation and experimental verification has specific advantages. On one hand, the numerical simulation method can directly establish models suitable for different regional conditions, and the universality is improved; on the other hand, the actual measurement experiment corrects the model and can verify the accuracy of the model. Meanwhile, the fusion layer attenuation is determined through the ground rain intensity, so that the accuracy of the result can be ensured, the operation steps are greatly simplified, and the cost is saved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fusion layer attenuation determining method based on ground rainfall intensity weighting to solve the problems in the prior art, and the method for determining fusion layer attenuation through ground rainfall intensity can not only ensure the accuracy of results, but also greatly simplify the operation steps and save the cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a fusion layer attenuation determination method based on ground rainfall intensity weighting, which comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing an empirical model of the fusion layer average characteristic attenuation multiplier g, the ground rain intensity R and the satellite signal downlink frequency f based on the T matrix;
s2, measuring the ground rain intensity R, collecting the elevation angle theta of the satellite receiving antenna, and calculating the propagation path length l of the electric wave in the melting layer;
s3, calculating fusion layer attenuation A based on the ground rainfall intensity R, the propagation path length l and the empirical modelm：
Figure BDA0003064263900000021
Wherein, both alpha and beta are rain attenuation power law coefficients.
Preferably, the S1 includes the following steps:
s11, establishing the refined vertical profile model of the melting layer;
s12, establishing a relation between the equivalent diameters of the melting particles and the raindrops on the basis of the refined vertical profile model of the melting layer;
s13, respectively establishing a density relation, a falling end speed relation and a spectrum distribution relation between the melting particles and the raindrops on the basis of the refined vertical profile model of the melting layer and the relation between the melting particles and the equivalent diameters of the raindrops;
s14, calculating the extinction cross section C of the melting particlesext；
S15, constructing a fused layer attenuation coefficient profile model based on the relation among density, falling end speed and spectrum distribution between the fused particles and the raindrops and the extinction cross section;
s16, calculating rainfall attenuation coefficient gamma based on the fusion layer attenuation coefficient profile modelmAnd a fusion layer average characteristic attenuation multiplier g;
and S17, establishing a functional relation among the fusion layer average characteristic attenuation multiplier, rainfall intensity and radio wave frequency.
Preferably, in the fused layer attenuation coefficient profile model, the determining of the end-of-drop velocity of the raindrop includes, but is not limited to, the following methods:
Figure BDA0003064263900000031
in the formula, VrIndicating the end of the raindrop fall, DrIndicating the raindrop equivalent diameter.
Preferably, in the fusion layer attenuation coefficient profile model, the scale spectrum distribution of the raindrops includes, but is not limited to, the following:
gamma spectrum:
Figure BDA0003064263900000032
in the formula, Nr(Dr) R represents rainfall intensity, DrRepresents a raindrop equivalent diameter;
MP spectrum:
Nr(Dr)＝8000exp(4.1R-0.21Dr)，
in the formula, Nr(Dr) R represents rainfall intensity, DrRepresents a raindrop equivalent diameter;
weibull spectrum:
Figure BDA0003064263900000041
in the formula, Nr(Dr) R represents rainfall intensity, DrThe raindrop equivalent diameter is shown, and c and b are shown.
Preferably, the calculation method of the extinction cross section includes but is not limited to the meter scattering theory and the T matrix theory.
Preferably, the relationship between the rainfall attenuation coefficient and the rainfall intensity includes, but is not limited to, a power-law relationship model.
Preferably, the empirical model of the fusion layer average characteristic attenuation multiplier and the rainfall intensity and frequency includes, but is not limited to, a bi-exponential function model.
Preferably, the empirical model construction of the fusion layer average characteristic attenuation multiplier, the rainfall intensity and the rainfall frequency adopts a least square method
Preferably, the path length of the acquired electric waves in the melting layer is determined by using methods including, but not limited to, cloud radar, micro-rain radar, and radio sounding.
The invention discloses the following technical effects: compared with the existing evaluation means of the attenuation of the melting layer, the method for determining the attenuation of the melting layer based on the ground rainfall intensity weighting directly establishes a relation model of the rainfall intensity and the attenuation of the melting layer, only needs ground rainfall intensity information, and directly obtains the radio wave attenuation caused by the melting layer in the air through weighting of the characteristic attenuation multiplier of the melting layer, so that the method has the advantages of being fast in calculation, simple in operation and the like compared with the existing model. In addition, the measured rainfall data can be combined in the model building process, so that the method has stronger universality.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a fusion layer attenuation determination method based on ground rain intensity weighting according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the mean characteristic attenuation multiplier of the fusion layer of the present invention and the rain intensity and frequency.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
The invention provides a fusion layer attenuation determination method based on ground rainfall intensity weighting, and refers to fig. 1-2. The invention utilizes the ground rain intensity information to determine the electric wave attenuation of the melting layer by weighting the average characteristic attenuation multiplier, and takes the T matrix theory as an example, but not limited to the following method, and mainly comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: an empirical model of the fusion layer average characteristic attenuation multiplier g, the rainfall intensity R and the frequency f is established based on the T matrix, and is shown in figure 1.
(1) Establishing a refined vertical profile model of a melting layer as shown in a formula (1);
Figure BDA0003064263900000061
in the formula (1), Ds，DmAnd Dr[ unit: mm is]The equivalent diameters of the snow particles above the isothermal line of 0 ℃, the molten particles in the molten layer and the raindrops below the molten layer are respectively the equivalent diameter; n is a radical ofs(Ds)，Nm(Dm) And Nr(Dr) [ unit: mm is-1m-3]The particle spectrum distribution of the snow particles above the isothermal line of 0 ℃, the particle spectrum distribution of the melting particles in the melting layer and the particle spectrum distribution of the raindrops below the melting layer are respectively distributed; rhos，ρmAnd ρr[ unit: g/cm3]The particle density of the snow particles above the isothermal line of 0 ℃, the particle density of the melted particles in the melting layer and the particle density of the raindrops below the melting layer are respectively set; v. ofs，vmAnd vr[m/s]The particle landing end velocity of the snow particles above the 0 ℃ isotherm, the particle landing end velocity of the melted particles in the melted layer, and the particle landing end velocity of the raindrops below the melted layer.
(2) Establishing a relation between the equivalent diameters of the melting particles and the raindrops according to a refined vertical profile model of the melting layer, as shown in formula (2):
Figure BDA0003064263900000062
in the formula, F represents the volume fraction of the snow particles in the melted particles.
(3) Respectively establishing a density relation between the melting particles and raindrops, a falling end speed relation between the melting particles and raindrops and a spectrum distribution relation between the melting particles and raindrops on the basis of the refined vertical profile model of the melting layer and the relation between the melting particles and the equivalent diameters of the raindrops:
the density relationship is shown in formula (3):
Figure BDA0003064263900000071
the end-of-fall velocity relationship is shown in equation (4):
vm＝[1-F(1-ρs/ρr)]1/3vr (4)
the spectral distribution relationship is shown in formula (5):
Figure BDA0003064263900000072
(4) calculating the extinction section C of the melted particlesextAs shown in formula (6)
Figure BDA0003064263900000073
Wherein k is the wave number of the radio wave, T11 mnmnAnd T12 mnmnIs an element of the conversion matrix and is only related to the shape, size, dielectric properties and orientation of the scattering particles, Re () being the real part of the complex number.
(5) Establishing a profile model of the attenuation coefficient of the fusion layer, as shown in formula (7):
Figure BDA0003064263900000074
in the formula, gammam(L)[dB/km]Is the attenuation coefficient of electric wave at the position of an isotherm Lm at a distance of 0℃, Cext[mm2]The extinction cross section of the melted particles.
(6) Calculating rainfall attenuation coefficient gammamAs shown in formula (8), and the fusion layer average characteristic attenuation multiplier g as shown in formula (9):
γm＝αRβ (8)
Figure BDA0003064263900000075
where α and β are rain attenuation power law coefficients, and H is the thickness of the fusion layer. The relationship between rain attenuation coefficient and rain intensity includes but is not limited to this form.
(7) Based on a least square method, establishing a functional relation between an average characteristic attenuation multiplier of a fusion layer and rainfall intensity and satellite signal downlink radio wave frequency, wherein the functional relation is shown as a formula (10):
Figure BDA0003064263900000081
wherein the coefficient C is for different particle spectrai(i ═ 1,2,3,4) has different forms of expression:
Figure BDA0003064263900000082
Figure BDA0003064263900000083
Figure BDA0003064263900000084
(8) and constructing an empirical model according to a function relation of the fusion layer average characteristic attenuation multiplier, rainfall intensity and satellite signal downlink radio wave frequency.
Step two: measuring ground rain strength R [ mm/h ] through a raindrop spectrometer, measuring an antenna elevation angle theta [ DEG ] by using a protractor, calculating the length l [ km ] of a propagation path of an electric wave in a melting layer, as shown in formula (11):
Figure BDA0003064263900000085
in the formula, H is the height of a melting layer and is obtained by a cloud radar, a micro rain radar, a radio aerial detection and the like.
Step three: based on the fusion layer average characteristic attenuation multiplier g, using rainfall intensity R [ mm/h]Length of propagation path l km]Calculating the fusion layer attenuation Am[dB]As shown in formula (12):
Figure BDA0003064263900000091
in a further optimization scheme, the relation between the raindrop terminal velocity and the raindrop equivalent diameter includes, but is not limited to, the following:
Figure BDA0003064263900000092
in the formula, VrIndicating the end of the raindrop fall, DrIndicating the raindrop equivalent diameter.
Further optimization, the raindrop size spectral distribution includes, but is not limited to, the following:
gamma spectrum:
Figure BDA0003064263900000093
in the formula, Nr(Dr) R represents rainfall intensity, DrRepresents a raindrop equivalent diameter;
MP spectrum:
Nr(Dr)＝8000exp(4.1R-0.21Dr)，
in the formula, Nr(Dr) R represents rainfall intensity, DrRepresents a raindrop equivalent diameter;
weibull spectrum:
Figure BDA0003064263900000094
in the formula, Nr(Dr) R represents rainfall intensity, DrThe raindrop equivalent diameter is shown, and c and b are shown.
In a further optimization scheme, the calculation method of the extinction cross section comprises but is not limited to a meter scattering theory and a T matrix theory.
According to a further optimization scheme, the relation between the rainfall attenuation coefficient and the rainfall intensity comprises but is not limited to a power-law relation model.
Further optimizing the scheme, the empirical model of fusion layer average characteristic attenuation multiplier and rainfall intensity and frequency includes but is not limited to a double exponential function model.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.

Claims (9)

1. A fusion layer attenuation determination method based on ground rainfall intensity weighting is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing an empirical model of the fusion layer average characteristic attenuation multiplier g, the ground rain intensity R and the satellite signal downlink frequency f based on the T matrix;
s2, measuring the ground rain intensity R, collecting the elevation angle theta of the satellite receiving antenna, and calculating the propagation path length l of the electric wave in the melting layer;
s3, calculating fusion layer attenuation A based on the ground rainfall intensity R, the propagation path length l and the empirical modelm：
Figure FDA0003064263890000011
Wherein, both alpha and beta are rain attenuation power law coefficients.
2. The method of claim 1 for determining fusion layer attenuation based on ground raininess weighting, wherein: the S1 includes the steps of:
s11, establishing the refined vertical profile model of the melting layer;
s12, establishing a relation between the equivalent diameters of the melting particles and the raindrops on the basis of the refined vertical profile model of the melting layer;
s13, respectively establishing a density relation, a falling end speed relation and a spectrum distribution relation between the melting particles and the raindrops on the basis of the refined vertical profile model of the melting layer and the relation between the melting particles and the equivalent diameters of the raindrops;
s14, calculating the extinction cross section C of the melting particlesext；
S15, constructing a fused layer attenuation coefficient profile model based on the relation among density, falling end speed and spectrum distribution between the fused particles and the raindrops and the extinction cross section;
s16, calculating rainfall attenuation coefficient gamma based on the fusion layer attenuation coefficient profile modelmAnd a fusion layer average characteristic attenuation multiplier g;
and S17, establishing a functional relation among the fusion layer average characteristic attenuation multiplier, rainfall intensity and radio wave frequency.
3. The method of claim 2 for determining fusion layer attenuation based on ground raininess weighting, wherein: in the fused layer attenuation coefficient profile model, determining the end-of-drop velocity of the raindrops includes, but is not limited to, the following methods:
Figure FDA0003064263890000021
in the formula, VrIndicating the end of the raindrop fall, DrIndicating rainDrop equivalent diameter.
4. The method of claim 2 for determining fusion layer attenuation based on ground raininess weighting, wherein: in the fusion layer attenuation coefficient profile model, the scale spectrum distribution of the raindrops includes, but is not limited to, the following:
gamma spectrum:
Figure FDA0003064263890000022
in the formula, Nr(Dr) R represents rainfall intensity, DrRepresents a raindrop equivalent diameter;
MP spectrum:
Nr(Dr)＝8000exp(4.1R-0.21Dr)，
in the formula, Nr(Dr) R represents rainfall intensity, DrRepresents a raindrop equivalent diameter;
weibull spectrum:
Figure FDA0003064263890000023
in the formula, Nr(Dr) R represents rainfall intensity, DrThe raindrop equivalent diameter is shown, and c and b are shown.
5. The method of claim 2 for determining fusion layer attenuation based on ground raininess weighting, wherein: the calculation method of the extinction cross section comprises but is not limited to the meter scattering theory and the T matrix theory.
6. The method of claim 2 for determining fusion layer attenuation based on ground raininess weighting, wherein: the relationship between the rainfall attenuation coefficient and the rainfall intensity includes, but is not limited to, a power-law relationship model.
7. The method of claim 2 for determining fusion layer attenuation based on ground raininess weighting, wherein: the empirical model of the fusion layer average characteristic attenuation multiplier and the rainfall intensity and frequency includes, but is not limited to, a bi-exponential function model.
8. The method of claim 2 for determining fusion layer attenuation based on ground raininess weighting, wherein: and the least square method is adopted for constructing the average characteristic attenuation multiplier of the fusion layer and the empirical model of the rainfall intensity and frequency.
9. The method of claim 1 for determining fusion layer attenuation based on ground raininess weighting, wherein: the path length of the acquired electric wave in the melting layer adopts the methods including but not limited to cloud radar, micro-rain radar and radio sounding.
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