CN113251881A - Test method for setting blasting delay time - Google Patents

Test method for setting blasting delay time Download PDF

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CN113251881A
CN113251881A CN202110598204.XA CN202110598204A CN113251881A CN 113251881 A CN113251881 A CN 113251881A CN 202110598204 A CN202110598204 A CN 202110598204A CN 113251881 A CN113251881 A CN 113251881A
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explosive
delay time
radius
crushing
medium
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CN113251881B (en
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梁尔祝
申宝来
王建文
杨狄
白镕宇
于忠滢
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Angang Mining Blasting Co ltd
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Angang Mining Blasting Co ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
    • F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting

Abstract

A test method for setting blasting delay time belongs to the technical field of design blasting engineering and comprises the following steps: step 1, calculating the crushing radius of shock waves and the crushing radius of stress waves; step 2, selecting a pitch; step 3, putting equivalent explosives into the two blast holes; step 4, calculating the average speed; step 5, obtaining delay time; step 6, adjusting the pitch of holes; step 7, selecting the optimal hole distance a to obtain the optimal blasting delay time; and 8, detonating the explosive according to the obtained optimal blasting delay time. The invention establishes a relative relation with the properties of the explosive and the uniform medium through the measured explosive detonation velocity and the inherent property of the uniform medium to obtain the crushing radius of the shock wave and the crushing radius of the stress wave, and obtains the delay time according to the total propagation distance of the shock wave and the stress wave and the average speed of the shock wave and the stress wave.

Description

Test method for setting blasting delay time
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of design blasting engineering, and particularly relates to a test method for setting blasting delay time.
Background
Blasting is an important process in the production process of mineral engineering and geotechnical engineering, and setting reasonable blasting delay time is an effective means for improving blasting quality and increasing mine production efficiency. The blasting delay time selection methods are various, most of the blasting delay time selection methods are theoretical researches, and the test methods also often use actual mines as backgrounds, so that the delay time of blasting of various explosives cannot be determined. Therefore, a convenient, universal and effective delay time setting test method is provided, and data are provided for researching the delay time of blasting of various explosives in the medium.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an efficient and convenient test method for setting the delay time of an explosive according to the physical properties of the explosive and a uniform medium by combining the addition of a free surface and a stress wave superposition theory.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a test method for setting blasting delay time comprises the following steps:
step 1, calculating the crushing radius R of the shock wave according to the detonation velocity of the explosive, the charging radius and the physical properties of the uniform mediumcAnd stress wave breaking radius Rp；
Step 2, selecting a hole distance a in a stress wave breaking radius theoretical value limit range, and setting a blast hole, wherein the hole distance range is as follows:
Rp＜a＜2Rp
when the stress wave moves to a half part between the periphery of the crushing area of the first explosive package and the periphery of the fracture area of the later explosive package, the next explosive package is detonated;
step 3, putting equal-quantity explosives with the same type in the two blast holes;
step 4, calculating an average speed v according to the speed from the shock wave to the edge of the shock wave crushing area and the speed from the stress wave to the half position between the edge of the shock wave crushing area of the explosive charge of the first explosive charge and the edge of the stress wave crushing area of the explosive charge of the later explosive charge;
step 5, calculating the total propagation distance S of the shock wave and the stress wave according to the hole distance, the crushing radius of the shock wave of the first explosive package and the crushing radius of the stress wave of the later explosive package, and acquiring the delay time t according to the calculated total distance S and the average speed v;
a delay time t of
Figure BDA0003091969790000021
a is the pitch of the holes; rcIs the crushing radius of the shock wave; rpIs the stress wave breaking radius; rhosIs the density of the medium, EdIs the dynamic elastic modulus of the medium, mudThe dynamic Poisson ratio of the medium, D is the explosive detonation velocity;
step 6, repeating the steps, adjusting the hole pitch a, and recording the medium crushing effect and the crushed block crushing degree of the blasting medium after each blasting;
and 7, observing the crushing effect of the blasted medium and the crushing degree of the broken blocks of the blasted medium, and selecting the optimal hole distance a to obtain the optimal blasting delay time.
Further, in step 1, the shock wave pulverizing radius RcComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003091969790000022
ρsis the density of the medium, EdIs the dynamic elastic modulus of the medium, mudDynamic Poisson's ratio of the medium, D is explosive detonation velocity, rbIs the radius of the blast hole, sigmacThe rock compressive strength is shown, and rho is the explosive density;
stress wave breaking radius Rp：
Figure BDA0003091969790000031
rcIs the radius of charge, σtThe tensile strength of the rock.
Further, in step 4, the average velocity v is
Figure BDA0003091969790000032
Further, in step 5, the total propagation distance S between the shock wave and the stress wave is set to be
Figure BDA0003091969790000033
Further, the method is to set the delay time of the explosive of the double-hole blasting test in a uniform medium.
The invention has the advantages and effects that:
the invention provides a test method for setting delay time, which combines the addition of a free surface and a stress wave superposition theory and calculates the delay time of an explosive according to the physical properties of the explosive and a medium. The test method provided by the invention has the advantages that the required data is easy to obtain, the test method is simple and convenient, and the optimal blasting effect of the explosive can be efficiently and conveniently obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained below with reference to the figures and the examples.
As shown in figure 1, the invention relates to a method for setting blasting delay time, which calculates the crushing radius of shock waves, the crushing radius of stress waves, the velocity of shock waves and the velocity of stress waves according to the properties of explosives and media by combining a free surface increasing method and a stress wave superposition method, so as to obtain the blasting delay time.
The invention relates to a test method for obtaining delay time, which is characterized in that in uniform medium delay blasting, after a first explosive bag is detonated, a stress wave of the first explosive bag is continuously attenuated, when the stress wave reaches one half of the position between the periphery of a stress wave crushing area of a later explosive bag and the periphery of a shock wave crushing area of the first explosive bag, the next explosive bag is detonated, the pressure of the shock wave starts to be rapidly weakened after reaching a peak value, the first explosive bag provides enough free surface for the later explosive bag, and the stress wave generated by the later explosive bag is superposed with the stress wave of the first explosive bag in a medium, so that the number of medium cracks is further expanded and communicated, the medium crushing range is enlarged, and the medium is further crushed.
The method is a double-hole blasting test in a uniform medium, and the delay time of the explosive is calculated according to the detonation velocity of the explosive and the physical properties of the uniform medium, so that the optimal blasting effect is obtained.
The invention relates to a method for setting blasting delay time, which comprises the following steps,
step 1, calculating a shock wave crushing radius and a stress wave crushing radius according to the explosive detonation velocity, the explosive charging radius and the physical properties of a uniform medium;
crushing radius R of shock wavecComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003091969790000041
ρsis the density of the medium, EdIs the dynamic elastic modulus of the medium, mudDynamic Poisson's ratio of the medium, D is explosive detonation velocity, rbIs the radius of the blast hole, sigmacThe compressive strength of the rock;
stress wave breaking radius Rp：
Figure BDA0003091969790000042
rcIs the radius of charge, σtThe tensile strength of the rock;
and 2, selecting the hole pitch within the limit range of the theoretical value of the breaking radius of the stress wave, and setting the blast hole.
Pitch range:
Rp＜a＜2Rp
when the stress wave moves to the half part between the periphery of the crushing area of the first explosive package and the periphery of the fracture area of the later explosive package, the next explosive package is detonated.
Step 3, putting equal-quantity explosives with the same type in the two blast holes;
step 4, calculating the total propagation distance S of the shock wave and the stress wave according to the hole distance, the crushing radius of the shock wave of the explosive charge with the first explosion and the crushing radius of the stress wave of the explosive charge with the second explosion
Figure BDA0003091969790000051
Calculating the average velocity v according to the velocity of the shock wave in the crushing area of the explosive package with the first explosion and the velocity of the shock wave reaching the half part of the periphery of the crushing area of the explosive package with the second explosion and the fracture area of the explosive package with the second explosion
Figure BDA0003091969790000052
Step 5, calculating the delay time t according to the total travel and the average speed of the propagation of the shock waves and the stress waves
Figure BDA0003091969790000053
And 6, repeating the steps, adjusting the hole distance a, and recording the medium crushing effect and the crushed block crushing degree of the blasting medium after each blasting.
And 7, observing the crushing effect of the media after blasting and the crushing degree of the broken pieces of the blasting media, selecting the optimal hole distance a, calculating the optimal blasting delay time, and obtaining the optimal blasting effect.
And 8, detonating the explosive according to the obtained optimal blasting delay time.
Example 1
According to the invention, the detonation velocity of the explosive, the crushing radius of the shock wave and the crushing radius of the stress wave are calculated according to the detonation velocity of the explosive and the physical properties of the uniform medium, and the method provided by the invention is combined to set the hole pitch for arranging blast holes for calculating the delay time.
Calculating the optimal delay time of the ammonium nitrate explosive with the charging radius of 30mm in the blasting of the uniform medium:
the explosion velocity D of ammonium nitrate explosive is 3200m/s, and the explosiveDensity ρ 1170kg/m3Radius of charge rc30mm, blast hole radius rb＝40mm。
Selecting a glass square as a uniform medium with the density rhos＝2500kg/m3Dynamic modulus of elasticity Ed72Gpa, dynamic Poisson's ratio μd0.2, compressive strength σc120MPa tensile strength σt＝60MPa。
Calculating the crushing radius of the shock wave according to the formula (1)
Figure BDA0003091969790000061
Rc＝1.53m
Calculating the breaking radius of the stress wave according to the formula (2)
Figure BDA0003091969790000062
Rp＝12.32m。
Putting equal-quantity explosives with the same type in the two blast holes;
setting the hole distance a according to the method of the invention, and putting the same amount of explosive in the holes;
pitch range:
Rp＜a＜2Rp
a is 1.1Rp，a＝13.55m。
Calculating the total propagation distance S of the shock wave and the stress wave according to a formula (3);
Figure BDA0003091969790000063
S＝2.88m。
calculating the shock wave velocity and the stress wave velocity according to a formula (4), and calculating the average velocity v;
Figure BDA0003091969790000071
v＝2.87km/s。
calculating the delay time t of the explosive according to the formula (5)
Figure BDA0003091969790000072
T is calculated to be 1.003 ms.
Repeating the above steps, adjusting the pitch a to be 0.2R away from the previous steppAnd (4) arranging hole distances at intervals, and recording the medium crushing effect and the broken degree of blasting medium fragments after each blasting.
According to the crushing effect of the medium after blasting and the crushing degree of the broken pieces of the blasting medium, when a is 1.5RpWhen a is 18.48m and delay time t is 2.68ms, the density rho of explosive is 1170kg/m3 and the radius r of chargecRadius r of 30mm ammonium nitrate explosive in blast holebThe best blasting effect is achieved in 40mm glass medium.

Claims (5)

1. A test method for setting blasting delay time is characterized in that: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
step 1, calculating the crushing radius R of the shock wave according to the detonation velocity of the explosive, the charging radius and the physical properties of the uniform mediumcAnd stress wave breaking radius Rp；
Step 2, selecting a hole distance a within the limit range of the theoretical value of the breaking radius of the stress wave, and setting a blast hole;
pitch range:
Rp＜a＜2Rp
when the stress wave moves to a half part between the periphery of the crushing area of the first explosive package and the periphery of the fracture area of the later explosive package, the next explosive package is detonated;
step 3, putting equal-quantity explosives with the same type in the two blast holes;
step 4, calculating an average speed v according to the speed from the shock wave to the edge of the shock wave crushing area and the speed from the stress wave to the half position between the edge of the shock wave crushing area of the explosive charge of the first explosive charge and the edge of the stress wave crushing area of the explosive charge of the later explosive charge;
step 5, calculating the total propagation distance S of the shock wave and the stress wave according to the hole distance, the crushing radius of the shock wave of the first explosive package and the crushing radius of the stress wave of the later explosive package, and acquiring the delay time t according to the calculated total distance S and the average speed v;
a delay time t of
Figure FDA0003091969780000011
a is the pitch of the holes; rcIs the crushing radius of the shock wave; rpIs the stress wave breaking radius; rhosIs the density of the medium, EdIs the dynamic elastic modulus of the medium, mudThe dynamic Poisson ratio of the medium is adopted, and D is the explosive detonation velocity;
step 6, repeating the steps, adjusting the hole pitch a, and recording the medium crushing effect and the crushed block crushing degree of the blasting medium after each blasting;
and 7, observing the crushing effect of the blasted medium and the crushing degree of the broken blocks of the blasted medium, and selecting the optimal hole distance a to obtain the optimal blasting delay time.
2. A test method for setting blast delay time according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 1, the method comprises the following steps of,
crushing radius R of shock wavecComprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003091969780000021
ρsis the density of the medium, EdIs the dynamic elastic modulus of the medium, mudDynamic Poisson's ratio of the medium, D is explosive detonation velocity, rbIs the radius of the blast hole, sigmacThe rock compressive strength is shown, and rho is the explosive density;
stress wave breaking radius Rp：
Figure FDA0003091969780000022
rcIs the radius of charge, σtThe tensile strength of the rock.
3. A test method for setting blast delay time according to claim 1, wherein: in step 4, the average velocity v is
Figure FDA0003091969780000023
4. A test method for setting blast delay time according to claim 1, wherein: in step 5, the total propagation distance S between the shock wave and the stress wave is
Figure FDA0003091969780000031
5. A test method for setting blast delay time according to claim 1, wherein: the method is to set the delay time of the explosive in the double-hole blasting test in a uniform medium.
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Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105223331A (en) * 2015-09-01 2016-01-06 鞍钢集团矿业公司 A kind of rock mates preferred explosion bulge test method with explosive
WO2016047812A1 (en) * 2014-09-23 2016-03-31 In Mu Ryu Method of the shortest inter-hole delay blast and the blasting and delaying means
CN109029177A (en) * 2018-08-30 2018-12-18 西北矿冶研究院 Blasting method for access type stoping
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Patent Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016047812A1 (en) * 2014-09-23 2016-03-31 In Mu Ryu Method of the shortest inter-hole delay blast and the blasting and delaying means
CN105223331A (en) * 2015-09-01 2016-01-06 鞍钢集团矿业公司 A kind of rock mates preferred explosion bulge test method with explosive
CN109029177A (en) * 2018-08-30 2018-12-18 西北矿冶研究院 Blasting method for access type stoping
CN109682697A (en) * 2019-01-17 2019-04-26 北京信息科技大学 A method of measurement column charing is in rock interior blast action region

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