CN113250912B - Blade clearance monitoring method for wind turbine generator - Google Patents
Blade clearance monitoring method for wind turbine generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN113250912B CN113250912B CN202110563105.8A CN202110563105A CN113250912B CN 113250912 B CN113250912 B CN 113250912B CN 202110563105 A CN202110563105 A CN 202110563105A CN 113250912 B CN113250912 B CN 113250912B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
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Abstract
The invention provides a wind turbine generator blade clearance monitoring method, which adopts a specially-made blade clearance monitoring device with an angle measuring mechanism to detect the real-time deformation angle of each blade, fits the deformation angle corresponding to each blade through a geometric algorithm, data fusion and the like according to the blade angle distance and the blade length of each blade in a fan system, and calculates the real-time blade clearance value by combining unit simulation information.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wind turbine generator blade clearance monitoring method, and belongs to the technical field of wind turbine generator monitoring.
Background
Blade clearance of a wind generating set is always a great problem in development of large-impeller wind driven generators and long and flexible blades, and especially under extreme wind conditions, the risk of collision of blade towers exists; and once the blade tower frame collides, the blade is damaged and falls if the blade tower frame collides, and the whole wind driven generator is damaged and collapses if the blade tower frame collides, so that great asset loss and great potential safety hazard are caused.
At present, the blade clearance monitoring is mainly realized by adopting the following modes:
acquiring an image of a wind generating set in the operation process by using video monitoring equipment arranged at the bottom of the tail of an engine room, wherein the image comprises the tip of a blade of the wind generating set and a tower; determining a position of a tip of a blade of the wind turbine from the acquired image; and identifying the edges of the tower from the acquired images; and calculating the distance from the tip of the blade to the edge of the tower barrel according to the position of the tip of the blade determined in the image and the identified edge of the tower barrel to obtain tower clearance, and according to the tower clearance monitored in real time, thereby avoiding the situation that the blade sweeps the tower.
And secondly, by utilizing a millimeter wave radar sensor arranged at the bottom of the tail part of the engine room, the FOV direction of the radar points to a fixed airspace, when the blade rotates to the area, data acquisition is carried out on reflected waves, a real-time clear-to-empty value is calculated by combining with unit simulation information through a radar signal processing related algorithm, and the risk of the blade in the form of 'tower sweeping' is evaluated.
And thirdly, a specific infrared signal is transmitted through an infrared transmitting device arranged on the blade tip, a specially-made infrared camera is arranged at an engine room of the wind generating set, the infrared camera can filter useless signals and receive the specific infrared signal transmitted by the infrared transmitting device, focuses on a plane where the blade tip is located when the blade tip sweeps through a tower drum and images and records on a photosensitive element, obtains an actual distance corresponding to each pixel point from an imaging center through the known focusing plane distance and imaging included angle, and calculates the distance from the blade tip to the tower drum wall through a geometric relation, namely the distance, so that the safe and efficient clearance operation of the wind generating set is guaranteed.
The above-mentioned several kinds of modes are all monitored through the indirect mode of non-contact, and at first, it is great to receive the environmental impact, when there is severe weather such as lasting fog, heavy rain in the monitoring environment, is difficult to realize effective monitoring. Secondly, above-mentioned check out test set is bulky, and the mounting process is complicated, and poor stability especially has higher limitation at the monitoring technology application range of apex installation signal emission device, and factor of safety is low, and when thunder and lightning weather, the apex rotated to be higher than fan cabin upper portion lightning arrester, the equipment is easy to attract thunder and lightning, damages the blade even.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the wind turbine generator blade clearance monitoring method which adopts a mechanical structure measurement mode to monitor the blade clearance, is not influenced by the environment, has accurate test results, is suitable for various severe environment conditions and has high stability.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows: the method for monitoring the clearance of the blades of the wind turbine generator comprises the following steps:
s1, blade clearance monitoring devices are respectively arranged at the blade roots of each blade of the wind turbine generator and comprise a shell, and a PCB board, an annular magnetic grid, a transmission gear, a speed change gear and a power rack which are encapsulated in the shell, wherein the PCB board is provided with an electromagnetic induction chip and a single chip microcomputer which are electrically connected, the annular magnetic grid is coaxially and fixedly connected with the transmission gear, the speed change gear is formed by coaxially fixing two coaxial sub-gears with different diameters, the two sub-gears are respectively a first sub-gear with a larger diameter and a second sub-gear with a smaller diameter, the power rack is an arc rack, the arc rack is fixed at one end of a metal rotating rod, the metal rotating rod is fixed in the shell through a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft and the arc rack are concentric, the other end of the metal rotating rod extends out of the shell through a reserved hole arranged at the end part of the shell, and the metal rotating rod drives the arc rack to rotate by taking the rotating shaft as a shaft, the transmission gear is externally meshed with the first sub gear, the second sub gear is externally meshed with the power rack, one end of the carbon rope is connected to one end of the metal rotating rod, which extends out of the shell, and the other end of the carbon rope is fixed at the blade tip of the blade;
s2, when the blade is deformed by wind load, the blade is bent in the length direction, and the blade tip pulls the carbon rope to swing the metal rotating rod and drive the power rack, the speed change gear, the transmission gear and the annular magnetic grid to rotate in sequence;
s3, the electromagnetic induction chip induces a magnetic field change signal generated by the rotation of the annular magnetic grid, converts the magnetic field change signal into an electric signal and sends the electric signal to the singlechip;
s4, calculating to obtain a rotation angle alpha of the metal rotating rod under the action of an external force according to the magnetic field change rule and the transmission ratio among the transmission gear, the change gear and the power rack by the singlechip;
s5, the blade clearance monitoring device sends the rotation angle alpha to an upper computer, and the upper computer calculates the blade clearance L according to the following formula1：
L1＝L-H×sinα×sinβ×X
Wherein L is the clearance when the blade is not subjected to wind load, H is the effective length of the blade, beta is the blade pitch angle, and X is a correction coefficient.
In step S1, the blade clearance monitoring device is mounted on the blade root cover plate of the blade through the L-shaped plate, so that the direction of the metal rotating rod of the blade clearance monitoring device swinging under the tension of the carbon rope is consistent with the direction of the blade deforming under the wind load.
In step S1, the carbon rope is connected to the metal rotating lever through a carbon rope mounting hole at one end of the metal rotating lever.
In step S5, the blade clearance monitoring device first sends the rotation angle α to a data acquisition module, the data acquisition module sends the rotation angle α to a wireless receiving module through a wireless transmitting module, and the wireless receiving module sends the rotation angle α to an upper computer through a wireless gateway.
In step S1, the annular magnetic grid and the transmission gear are coaxially fixed in the housing by the first positioning pin, the annular magnetic grid and the transmission gear rotate around the first positioning pin, the two sub-gears are fixed in the housing by the second positioning pin, and the two sub-gears rotate around the second positioning pin.
In step S1, an arc-shaped slide rail having the same radian as the arc-shaped rack is provided on the housing, a slide groove is provided on the upper end surface of the arc-shaped slide rail, and a slide block adapted to the slide groove is provided on the lower end surface of the arc-shaped rack.
In step S1, a sealing sheath is provided at the opening of the reserved hole at the end of the housing.
In step S1, an aviation plug electrically connected to the PCB is disposed on one side of the housing.
In step S1, the housing includes an upper housing and a lower housing, and the upper housing and the lower housing are connected to each other by bolts.
The invention has the beneficial effects based on the technical scheme that:
(1) according to the wind turbine blade clearance monitoring method, the deformation angle of the blade is converted into the variation of a magnetic field signal by utilizing the gear assembly and the annular magnetic grid in the wind turbine blade clearance monitoring device for measurement, the actual blade clearance value is calculated according to the deformation angle, clearance monitoring is directly carried out by adopting a mechanical structure measurement mode, the wind turbine blade clearance monitoring method is not influenced by the environment, the test result is accurate, and the wind turbine blade clearance monitoring method can adapt to various severe environmental conditions;
(2) according to the wind turbine blade clearance monitoring method, the wind turbine blade clearance monitoring device is installed at the blade root, the blade tip of the wind turbine does not contain any electric part and metal part, the risk of lightning invasion is avoided, and safety and reliability are achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wind turbine blade clearance monitoring device.
FIG. 2 is an installation schematic diagram of a wind turbine blade clearance monitoring device.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the operating condition of the wind turbine blade clearance monitoring apparatus.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a blade deformation angle.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of blade clearance.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the headroom calculation principle.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a blade clearance system.
In the figure: 1-aviation plug, 2-upper shell, 3-PCB (printed circuit board), 4-annular magnetic grid, 5-transmission gear, 6-first locating pin, 7-change gear, 8-lower shell, 9-power rack, 10-metal rotating rod, 11-sealing sheath, 12-carbon rope, 13-blade clearance monitoring device, 14-L-shaped plate, 15-blade root cover plate, 16-wind driven generator hub and 17-blade.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
The invention provides a wind turbine generator blade clearance monitoring method, which comprises the following steps with reference to fig. 1 to 7:
s1, arranging a blade clearance monitoring device 13 at the blade root of each blade 17 of the wind turbine generator connected with the hub 16 of the wind turbine generator, wherein the blade clearance monitoring device comprises a shell and a PCB 3, an annular magnetic grid 4, a transmission gear 5, a speed change gear 7 and a power rack 9 which are encapsulated in the shell, the PCB is provided with an electromagnetic induction chip and a single chip microcomputer which are electrically connected, the annular magnetic grid is coaxially and fixedly connected with the transmission gear, the speed change gear is composed of two coaxial sub-gears with different diameters, the two sub-gears are respectively a first sub-gear with a larger diameter and a second sub-gear with a smaller diameter, in the embodiment, the transmission ratio of the first sub-gear to the transmission gear is 1:5, the transmission ratio of the second sub-gear to the power rack is 4:1, the power rack is an arc rack, the shell is provided with an arc slide rail with the radian consistent with that of the arc rack, the up end of arc slide rail is equipped with the spout, the lower terminal surface of arc rack is equipped with the slider with the spout adaptation, the arc rack is fixed in the one end of metal dwang 10, the metal dwang is fixed in the casing through the rotation axis, the rotation axis is concentric with the arc rack, the other end of metal dwang stretches out outside the casing through seting up the preformed hole of tip of casing, the metal dwang drives the arc rack and uses the rotation axis as the rotation of axes, drive gear and first pinion external toothing, second pinion and power rack external toothing, connect the one end of carbon element rope 12 in the one end of metal dwang stretching out outside the casing, the other end of seting up the preformed hole department of tip of casing tip and being equipped with the 11 carbon elements of sealed sheath department and being fixed in the apex department of blade.
The blade clearance monitoring device is arranged on a blade root cover plate 15 of the blade through an L-shaped plate 14, the direction of a metal rotating rod of the blade clearance monitoring device, which is swung by the tensile force of a carbon rope, is consistent with the deformation direction of the blade, which is stressed by wind power, of the blade, the carbon rope is connected with the metal rotating rod through a carbon rope mounting hole at one end of the metal rotating rod, an annular magnetic grid and a transmission gear are coaxially fixed in a shell through a first positioning pin 6, the annular magnetic grid and the transmission gear rotate around an axis by taking the first positioning pin as the axis, two sub-gears are fixed in the shell through a second positioning pin, and the two sub-gears rotate around the axis by taking the second positioning pin as the axis.
The casing includes casing 2 and lower casing 8, goes up and passes through bolt interconnect between casing and the lower casing, and one side of casing is equipped with the aviation plug 1 with PCB board electricity is connected.
S2, when the blade is deformed by wind load, the blade is bent in the length direction, and the blade tip pulls the carbon rope to swing the metal rotating rod and drive the power rack, the speed change gear, the transmission gear and the annular magnetic grid to rotate in sequence.
S3, the electromagnetic induction chip induces the magnetic field change signal generated by the rotation of the annular magnetic grid, and the magnetic field change signal is converted into an electric signal to be sent to the single chip microcomputer.
S4, calculating to obtain a rotation angle alpha of the metal rotating rod under the action of an external force according to the magnetic field change rule and the transmission ratio among the transmission gear, the change gear and the power rack by the singlechip;
s5, the blade clearance monitoring device firstly sends the rotation angle alpha to a data acquisition module, the data acquisition module sends the rotation angle alpha to a wireless receiving module through a wireless transmitting module, and the wireless receiving module sends the rotation angle alpha to an upper computer through a wireless gateway;
assuming that the effective length of the blade is H, the theoretical design clearance is L (clearance when the blade is not subjected to wind load); when the blade pitch angle is beta and the deformation angle under wind load is alpha, calculating the actual clearance L of the blade1. According to the projection calculation of the deformation distance on the force action line, the deformation L of the blade in the direction vertical to the variable pitch angle is calculatedxH × sin α; calculating the deformation L according to the pitch angle betaxThe projection distance in the pitch changing direction, namely the actually generated variation of the clearance distance of the blade is L-L1＝LxX sin β ═ hx sin α x sin β. In actual measurement, due to inaccurate blade length, environmental influence and the like, a correction coefficient X is generated on an actual calculation result to correct a deformation result, and X is data obtained by actual test and 3D simulation.
Based on the principle, the upper level calculates the clearance L of the blade according to the following formula1：
L1＝L-H×sinα×sinβ×X
Wherein L is the clearance distance when the blade is not subjected to wind load, H is the effective length of the blade, beta is the blade pitch angle, X is a correction coefficient obtained according to actual test and 3D analog simulation, the range is 1.1-1.5, the exact values of the correction coefficient X are different according to different blade lengths and blade structures.
The method for testing the correction coefficient X comprises the following steps: the blade clearance monitoring device is arranged on a blade test bench and used for testing the blade clearance L of the blade under different wind loads under different conditions of variable pitch angle beta1And then calculating to obtain the exact value of the correction coefficient X according to the rotation angle alpha output by the blade clearance monitoring device monitored in real time.
The invention provides a wind turbine generator blade clearance monitoring method which adopts a specially-made blade clearance monitoring device with an angle measuring mechanism to detect the real-time deformation angle of each blade; according to the blade angle distance and the blade length of each blade in the fan system, the deformation angle corresponding to each blade is fitted to the blade attitude through a geometric algorithm, data fusion and the like, a real-time blade clearance value is calculated by combining unit simulation information, the whole monitoring scheme adopts mechanical structure measurement, the test result is accurate, the fan system can adapt to various severe environmental conditions, and the fan system is safe, reliable and high in stability.
Claims (9)
1. A wind turbine blade clearance monitoring method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, blade clearance monitoring devices are respectively arranged at the blade roots of each blade of the wind turbine generator and comprise a shell, and a PCB board, an annular magnetic grid, a transmission gear, a speed change gear and a power rack which are encapsulated in the shell, wherein the PCB board is provided with an electromagnetic induction chip and a single chip microcomputer which are electrically connected, the annular magnetic grid is coaxially and fixedly connected with the transmission gear, the speed change gear is formed by coaxially fixing two coaxial sub-gears with different diameters, the two sub-gears are respectively a first sub-gear with a larger diameter and a second sub-gear with a smaller diameter, the power rack is an arc rack, the arc rack is fixed at one end of a metal rotating rod, the metal rotating rod is fixed in the shell through a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft and the arc rack are concentric, the other end of the metal rotating rod extends out of the shell through a reserved hole arranged at the end part of the shell, and the metal rotating rod drives the arc rack to rotate by taking the rotating shaft as a shaft, the transmission gear is externally meshed with the first sub gear, the second sub gear is externally meshed with the power rack, one end of the carbon rope is connected to one end of the metal rotating rod, which extends out of the shell, and the other end of the carbon rope is fixed at the blade tip of the blade;
s2, when the blade is deformed by wind load, the blade is bent in the length direction, and the blade tip pulls the carbon rope to swing the metal rotating rod and drive the power rack, the speed change gear, the transmission gear and the annular magnetic grid to rotate in sequence;
s3, the electromagnetic induction chip induces a magnetic field change signal generated by the rotation of the annular magnetic grid, converts the magnetic field change signal into an electric signal and sends the electric signal to the singlechip;
s4, calculating to obtain a rotation angle alpha of the metal rotating rod under the action of an external force according to the magnetic field change rule and the transmission ratio among the transmission gear, the change gear and the power rack by the singlechip;
s5, the blade clearance monitoring device sends the rotation angle alpha to an upper computer, and the upper computer calculates the blade clearance L according to the following formula1：
L1＝L-H×sinα×sinβ×X
Wherein L is the clearance when the blade is not subjected to wind load, H is the effective length of the blade, beta is the blade pitch angle, and X is a correction coefficient.
2. The wind turbine generator blade clearance monitoring method of claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the blade clearance monitoring device is mounted on the blade root cover plate of the blade through the L-shaped plate, so that the direction of the metal rotating rod of the blade clearance monitoring device swinging under the tension of the carbon rope is consistent with the direction of the blade deforming under the wind load.
3. The wind turbine generator blade clearance monitoring method of claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the carbon rope is connected to the metal rotating lever through a carbon rope mounting hole at one end of the metal rotating lever.
4. The wind turbine generator blade clearance monitoring method of claim 1, wherein: in step S5, the blade clearance monitoring device first sends the rotation angle α to a data acquisition module, the data acquisition module sends the rotation angle α to a wireless receiving module through a wireless transmitting module, and the wireless receiving module sends the rotation angle α to an upper computer through a wireless gateway.
5. The wind turbine generator blade clearance monitoring method of claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the annular magnetic grid and the transmission gear are coaxially fixed in the housing by the first positioning pin, the annular magnetic grid and the transmission gear rotate around the first positioning pin, the two sub-gears are fixed in the housing by the second positioning pin, and the two sub-gears rotate around the second positioning pin.
6. The wind turbine generator blade clearance monitoring method of claim 1, wherein: in step S1, an arc-shaped slide rail having the same radian as the arc-shaped rack is provided on the housing, a slide groove is provided on the upper end surface of the arc-shaped slide rail, and a slide block adapted to the slide groove is provided on the lower end surface of the arc-shaped rack.
7. The wind turbine generator blade clearance monitoring method of claim 1, wherein: in step S1, a sealing sheath is provided at the opening of the reserved hole at the end of the housing.
8. The wind turbine generator blade clearance monitoring method of claim 1, wherein: in step S1, an aviation plug electrically connected to the PCB is disposed on one side of the housing.
9. The wind turbine generator blade clearance monitoring method of claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the housing includes an upper housing and a lower housing, and the upper housing and the lower housing are connected to each other by bolts.
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| CN113586367B (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2021-12-21 | 浙江中自庆安新能源技术有限公司 | Wind load-based adaptive tower drum tip clearance measurement method and system |
| CN113962045B (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-03-15 | 东方电气风电股份有限公司 | Method for calculating clearance distance by using running track of blades of wind generating set |
| CN114894975A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-08-12 | 重庆亿森动力环境科技有限公司 | Portable air quality monitoring equipment |
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| CN112502911A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-03-16 | 东方电气风电有限公司 | Method for predicting tower sweeping risk when blade passes through tower in real time |
| CN112814853A (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2021-05-18 | 湘电风能有限公司 | Clearance monitoring method, device, equipment and storage medium |
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| DE102013223780A1 (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2015-05-21 | Dr. Johannes Heidenhain Gmbh | Device for detecting deformations of a rotor blade of a wind turbine and corresponding rotor blade |
| CN111255637B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2024-06-21 | 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 | Real-time tower clearance monitoring system and method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112502911A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-03-16 | 东方电气风电有限公司 | Method for predicting tower sweeping risk when blade passes through tower in real time |
| CN112814853A (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2021-05-18 | 湘电风能有限公司 | Clearance monitoring method, device, equipment and storage medium |
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