CN113250729B - Fully-mechanized excavation face vortex control-rotary resistance type domain-divided ventilation dust control method and system - Google Patents
Fully-mechanized excavation face vortex control-rotary resistance type domain-divided ventilation dust control method and system Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 206010010904 Convulsion Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
- E21F1/006—Ventilation at the working face of galleries or tunnels
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
- E21F1/04—Air ducts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F5/00—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F7/00—Methods or devices for drawing- off gases with or without subsequent use of the gas for any purpose
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vortex control-rotary resistance type regional ventilation dust control method and a system for a fully mechanized excavation face, wherein an air suction port is in an air suction state to form a negative pressure field, a vortex air outlet discharges air towards the heading direction to form a vortex field, and the vortex field controls high-concentration dust particles generated at the heading to move towards the negative pressure field and is drawn out by the air suction port to form a vortex dust control area; fresh air flow of the cyclone air outlet is firstly sprayed to a top plate area of the tunneling roadway, and the air flow sequentially passes through the top plate, the side wall and the bottom plate of the tunneling roadway to form reverse cyclone air with the direction opposite to the heading tunneling direction, so that the reverse cyclone air is filled in the section of the whole roadway to form a cyclone blocking area. The vortex dust control area and the vortex blocking area can move forwards along with the fully-mechanized excavating machine, reverse vortex wind moving towards the rear part of the roadway can be formed, the technical problem of gas accumulation is solved, the operation is simple and convenient, the high-altitude operation risk is low, and the optimal dust control effect can be kept without adjusting the position of the airborne wind distributor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of dust control of a fully-mechanized excavating surface, in particular to a vortex control-rotary resistance type domain ventilation dust control method and system of the fully-mechanized excavating surface.
Background
At present, the coal is basically not changed in a short period of the energy leading position in China, and the coal resources are still needed in large quantity in nearly fifty years in China. And dust problemIs always a troublesome problem in coal mining and is one of the most serious hazards in coal mine production. The large-scale pushing of the fully-mechanized excavating machine obviously improves the mechanization level and the efficiency of the excavating operation, but the dust concentration of the fully-mechanized excavating surface rises sharply. The rising of dust concentration brings a series of problems, the dust reaches a certain degree under certain conditions, the possibility of explosion exists, and the dust generated on the tunneling surface is diffused, so that coal miners are prone to pneumoconiosis, and the visibility of the workers is reduced. The dust accident seriously threatens the normal production and safe and efficient exploitation of the mine. The measurement data show that the dust concentration of the heading head of the fully mechanized excavating face is 200-400 mg/m 3 And in severe cases, the concentration of the active ingredient can reach 1000-3000 mg/m 3 Even if the dust control technology is adopted, the dust concentration is still high, and the innovation of the dust control technology of the tunneling flour becomes the urgent need of the coal industry at present.
Aiming at the problem of high-concentration dust on a driving working face, dust removal measures such as ventilation dust removal and spray dust removal are generally adopted, wherein the wall-attached air duct technology has a good application effect in the coal mine driving process and can play a certain role in controlling and inhibiting dust migration. However, as the fully-mechanized excavating machine moves forward continuously, the outlet air range of the wall-attached air duct cannot cover the head-on dust-producing area, so that high-concentration dust is diffused quickly, the fully-mechanized excavating machine needs to stop working at the moment, and the position of the wall-attached air duct is adjusted in time to move forward, otherwise, the dust control effect is poor, the efficiency is not improved greatly, but a dust control mode capable of moving along with the fully-mechanized excavating machine does not exist in the prior art. At present, the traditional wall-attached air duct technology at home and abroad can not be adjusted along with the tunneling of a roadway and needs manual operation, and the air duct is about 1.5m in length and large in weight, so that the workload of workers is greatly increased, the working efficiency is reduced, and certain dangerousness exists in overhead operation. Due to the problem, the wall-attached air duct is often not adjusted timely, the field dust control effect is also poor, the technical popularization is difficult, and the dust control efficiency is low.
Accordingly, further improvements and developments are desired in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a vortex-controlled-vortex-resistance type regional ventilation dust control method and system for a fully-mechanized excavating face, which form a vortex dust control area and a vortex blocking area which can move along with a fully-mechanized excavating machine, and can form reverse vortex wind which moves towards the rear part of a roadway, thereby overcoming the technical problem of gas accumulation.
In order to solve the technical problem, the scheme of the invention comprises the following steps:
a vortex control-rotary resistance type domain-division ventilation dust control method for a fully-mechanized excavation face comprises the following steps:
the vortex air outlet on the fully-mechanized excavating machine exhausts air towards the heading direction to form a vortex field, the air exhaust port exhausts air to form a negative pressure field, and the vortex field controls high-concentration dust particles generated by the heading to move towards the negative pressure field and is exhausted from the air exhaust port to form a vortex dust control area; fresh air flow of a rotational flow air outlet on the fully-mechanized excavating machine is firstly sprayed to a top plate area of an excavation roadway, and under the action of a wall attachment effect, the air flow sequentially passes through a top plate, a side wall and a bottom plate of the excavation roadway to form reverse rotational flow air with the direction opposite to the heading excavation direction, so that the reverse rotational flow air is filled in the section of the whole roadway to form a rotational flow blocking area;
the vortex dust control area and the vortex blocking area move together with the fully-mechanized excavating machine.
A domain-type ventilation dust control system using the vortex control-rotational resistance type domain-type ventilation dust control method of the fully mechanized excavation face comprises a fully mechanized excavation machine arranged along an excavation roadway, and is characterized by further comprising an air suction opening arranged close to the head, wherein the air suction opening is communicated with an air suction wind barrel, a machine-mounted air divider is arranged on the fully mechanized excavation machine behind the air suction wind barrel, the machine-mounted air divider is positioned on the corresponding side of the excavation roadway, the distance between the machine-mounted air divider and the top plate of the excavation roadway is larger than 30 centimeters, and the air suction opening and the machine-mounted air divider both move along with the fully mechanized excavation machine; the airborne air distributor comprises a vortex air outlet and a cyclone air outlet, the vortex air outlet is positioned in front of the cyclone air outlet and is used for discharging air in an angle direction towards the heading direction, and the cyclone air outlet is used for discharging air in an angle direction towards the rear of the top plate of the heading roadway; the air suction port is in an air suction state to form a negative pressure field, the vortex air outlet discharges air towards the heading direction to form a vortex field, the air suction port is positioned near the center of the vortex field, and the vortex field controls high-concentration dust particles generated by the heading to move towards the negative pressure field and is sucked out by the air suction port to form a vortex dust control area; the fresh air flow of the cyclone air outlet is firstly sprayed to the top plate area of the excavation roadway, and under the action of the wall attachment effect, the air flow sequentially passes through the top plate, the side wall and the bottom plate of the excavation roadway to form reverse cyclone air with the direction opposite to the heading excavation direction, so that the reverse cyclone air is filled in the section of the whole roadway to form a cyclone blocking area, and fresh and pollution-free air is provided for an operation area except the heading area.
The regional ventilation dust control system is characterized in that a vortex air outlet baffle plate is arranged in the vortex air outlet, the included angle alpha between the vortex air outlet baffle plate and the cross section of the roadway is 35-45 degrees, and the included angle range enables a vortex field formed by air current rebounded through the side wall of the tunneling roadway to move to the head along the heading direction.
The regional ventilation dust control system is characterized in that a cross annular opening wind shield with openings is arranged between the vortex air outlet and the cyclone air outlet of the airborne wind distributor, and the area of the openings of the cross annular opening wind shield accounts for 15% -30% of the circular area of the cross annular opening wind shield.
The regional ventilation dust control system is characterized in that a rotational flow air outlet longitudinal baffle plate and a rotational flow air outlet transverse baffle plate are arranged in the rotational flow air outlet, the rotational flow air outlet longitudinal baffle plate and the rotational flow air outlet transverse baffle plate are arranged in a crossed manner, an included angle beta between the rotational flow air outlet longitudinal baffle plate and the longitudinal section of a driving tunnel is 65-75 degrees, and the angle range enables fresh air flow emitted by the rotational flow air outlet to generate a component speed opposite to the driving direction so as to form rotational flow air moving in the opposite direction to the heading driving; the included angle gamma between the transverse baffle plate of the rotational flow air outlet and the longitudinal section of the roadway is between 60 and 80 degrees, and the angle range enables the fresh air flow ejected from the rotational flow air outlet to generate the component velocity of the wind blowing to the heading roadway top plate direction, so that the wall attachment effect is generated; the width of the transverse baffle plate of the cyclone air outlet is reduced from top to bottom, and the included angle eta between the connecting line of the tail ends of the transverse baffle plates of the cyclone air outlet and the air outlet direction of the cyclone air outlet is 45-55 degrees, so that the air outlet volume of the cyclone air outlet is more uniform.
The regional ventilation and dust control system is characterized in that the cyclone air outlet is positioned behind the edge of the track of the fully-mechanized excavating machine.
The domain type ventilation dust control system is characterized in that the air draft air cylinder is communicated with a movable dust removal fan, a guide rod bracket is arranged at the dust removal fan, and a guide rod is arranged on the guide rod bracket; be provided with on the above-mentioned convulsions dryer and carry wind distributor support, it arranges on this machine carries wind distributor support to carry wind distributor, be provided with the dead lever on the machine carries wind distributor support, be provided with the fixed hoop on the dead lever, fixed hoop wraps at the machine carries wind distributor and corresponds the department, this fixed hoop is provided with a band open-ended cylinder, it has the horizon bar to articulate in the opening, the horizon bar corresponds the end and can swing at the opening internal plane, the other end of horizon bar articulates the department that corresponds at the guide arm, the other end of horizon bar can be in the vertical swing of the department that corresponds of guide arm.
The domain type ventilation dust control system is characterized in that the airborne air distributor is communicated with the mining air duct through a telescopic air duct, and the telescopic air duct is arranged along the direction of the guide rod.
The regional ventilation dust control system is characterized in that the air suction opening is provided with a positive air suction end and a side air suction end, the positive air suction end and the side air suction end are strip-shaped holes, the positive air suction end faces the head-on direction, and the side air suction end and the positive air suction end are arranged perpendicularly.
The regional ventilation dust control system is characterized in that the ratio of the air quantity of the air suction opening to the total air quantity of the airborne air distributor is 0.75-1.25.
According to the vortex control-vortex resistance type regional ventilation dust control method and system for the comprehensive excavation face, a vortex dust control area is formed through a vortex air outlet and an air suction opening, a vortex blocking area is formed by matching the vortex air outlet with the side wall of a excavation roadway, the vortex dust control area and the vortex blocking area can move forward along with the comprehensive excavation machine, high-concentration dust generated at the head of the comprehensive excavation machine is quickly sucked away by the vortex dust control area, part of reverse vortex air attached to the wall formed by the vortex blocking area secondarily blocks dust diffusion, most of reverse vortex air flows are transported to the rear of the roadway, the vortex intensity of the air flows is gradually reduced, a large amount of fresh pollution-free air is provided for an operation area except the head of the operation area, the problem of gas accumulation frequently occurring in the traditional wall-attached air cylinder technology is greatly relieved, and the gas explosion risk is effectively reduced.
And when the fully-mechanized excavating machine moves forward to the limit position, only the telescopic air duct is required to be separated from the corresponding mining air duct, and a section of corresponding mining air duct is added, the position of the air duct does not need to be adjusted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a global schematic diagram of a domain-divided type ventilation dust control system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an airborne air splitter and an airborne air splitter support according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an airborne air splitter according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a vortex outlet according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an onboard air splitter mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of another perspective of the airborne splitter mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of angles α, β in the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the angles γ, η in the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the connection relationship between the guide bar and the fixing hoop according to the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of forward tunneling of the fully-mechanized excavating machine of the invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of simulation of the vortex wind in the present invention
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of an integrated simulation of vortex wind and swirling wind in the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a simulation of the dust control effect of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a guide bar bracket and guide bar according to the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of an air suction opening in the present invention;
wherein, 1-an air suction opening; 101-positive suction opening; 102-side air suction opening 2-air suction duct; 3-a vortex air outlet baffle plate; 4-airborne air distributor; 5-fully-mechanized excavating machine; 6-an onboard air distributor bracket; 7-a cyclone air outlet; 8-a telescopic air duct; 9-a guide rod; 10-a mining air duct; 11-tunneling a roadway; 12-a dust removal fan; 13-a guide bar holder; 14-the connecting part of the telescopic air duct and the mining air duct; 601-fixing plate screws; 602-a fixing plate; 603-fixing the rod; 604-horizontal swing free end; 605-vertical swing free end; 606-fixing the hoop; 301-vortex air outlet, 401-cross annular opening wind shield; 701-a longitudinal baffle plate of a cyclone air outlet; 702-a transverse baffle plate at a cyclone air outlet; 131-a horizontal swing free end; 133-guide bar holder; 134-free end of vertical oscillation.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a vortex control-rotary resistance type domain-division ventilation dust control method and system for a fully-mechanized excavation face, and the invention is further described in detail below in order to make the purpose, technical scheme and effect of the invention clearer and more clear. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention provides a vortex control-rotary resistance type domain-division ventilation dust control method for a fully-mechanized excavation face, which comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 10, 11 and 12, the vortex air outlet 301 of the roadheader 5 exhausts air towards the heading direction to form a vortex field, the suction opening 1 exhausts air to form a negative pressure field, and the vortex field controls high-concentration dust particles generated at the heading to move towards the negative pressure field and is exhausted from the suction opening to form a vortex dust control area; fresh air flow of a rotational flow air outlet 7 on the fully-mechanized excavating machine 6 is firstly sprayed to a top plate area of an excavation roadway 11, and under the action of a wall attachment effect, the air flow sequentially passes through a top plate, a side wall and a bottom plate of the excavation roadway 11 to form reverse rotational flow air with the direction opposite to the heading tunneling direction, so that the reverse rotational flow air fills the whole roadway section to form a rotational flow blocking area; the vortex dust control area and the vortex flow blocking area move together with the roadheader 5. When the negative pressure field formed by the air draft of the air draft opening 1 is positioned at the center of the vortex field, the dust control effect is the best, as shown in fig. 13.
As shown in fig. 11, the eddy wind simulation diagram uses numerical simulation software Fluent to calculate the eddy wind moving across the head under the simplified condition, which indicates that the eddy wind is stable and does not spread to the back of the roadway. As shown in fig. 12, the fresh wind flow emitted by the onboard air splitter 4 under the simplified condition is calculated by using the numerical simulation software Fluent, which shows that the effect of the vortex wind and the reverse rotational flow wind formed by the fresh wind flow emitted by the onboard air splitter 4 is significant.
As shown in fig. 13, the numerical simulation software Fluent is used to calculate the dust control effect under the simplified condition of the "vortex control-vortex resistance" zoned ventilation dust control system method, which indicates that the method controls the dust particles generated at the head in the vortex wind area, and the dust particles are rarely diffused to the worker operation area, and the dust control effect is ideal.
In order to realize the method, the invention also provides a domain-type ventilation dust control system using the vortex control-rotation resistance type domain-type ventilation dust control method of the fully mechanized excavation face, as shown in fig. 1, the domain-type ventilation dust control system comprises a fully mechanized excavation machine 5 arranged along the excavation roadway 11 and an air suction opening 1 arranged close to the head, the air suction opening 1 is communicated with an air suction wind cylinder 2, an airborne air divider 4 is arranged on the fully mechanized excavation machine 5 behind the air suction wind cylinder 2, the airborne air divider 4 is positioned on the corresponding side of the excavation roadway 11, in the embodiment, the airborne air divider is positioned on the right side of the excavation roadway 11 as an example, and the corresponding equipment arrangement is also arranged with the right side as a reference. The distance between the airborne air distributor 4 and the top plate of the tunneling roadway 11 is larger than 30 cm, so that the air flow generated by the airborne air distributor 4 can form a wall attachment effect with enough strength, and the air suction opening 1 and the airborne air distributor 4 move together with the comprehensive tunneling machine 5; the airborne air distributor 4 comprises a vortex air outlet 301 and a vortex air outlet 7, wherein the vortex air outlet 301 is positioned in front of the vortex air outlet 7, the vortex air outlet 301 is used for blowing air in an angle direction towards the heading direction, and the vortex air outlet 7 is used for blowing air in an angle direction towards the rear of the top plate of the heading roadway 11; the suction opening 1 is in a suction state to form a negative pressure field, the vortex air outlet 301 discharges air towards the heading direction to form a vortex field, the suction opening 1 is located near the center of the vortex field and is influenced by objective conditions, the center of the vortex field on site has certain variability, and the effect that the suction opening 1 is just located at the center of the vortex field is relatively good. The high-concentration dust particles generated by the eddy current field control head-on move to the negative pressure field and are extracted by the air extraction opening 1 to form an eddy current dust control area; the fresh air flow of the swirling air outlet 7 is firstly sprayed to the top plate area of the tunneling roadway 11, and under the action of the wall attachment effect, the air flow sequentially passes through the top plate, the side wall and the bottom plate of the tunneling roadway 11 to form reverse swirling air opposite to the heading direction, as shown in fig. 12, the reverse swirling air is filled in the whole roadway section to form a swirling flow blocking area, and fresh and pollution-free air is provided for the operation area except the heading area.
Furthermore, a vortex air outlet baffle plate 3 is arranged in the vortex air outlet 301, as shown in fig. 7, an included angle α between the vortex air outlet baffle plate 3 and the cross section of the roadway is between 35 ° and 45 °, and the included angle range enables a vortex field formed after wind current rebounds through the side wall of the excavation roadway 11 to be transported to the head along the heading direction. And the on-board air distributor 4 is provided with a cross annular opening wind shield 401 with openings between the vortex air outlet 301 and the vortex air outlet 7, and the opening area of the cross annular opening wind shield 401 accounts for 15% -30% of the circular area of the cross annular opening wind shield.
In a more preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3 to 8, a cyclone air outlet longitudinal baffle 701 and a cyclone air outlet transverse baffle 702 are disposed in the cyclone air outlet 7, and the cyclone air outlet longitudinal baffle 701 and the cyclone air outlet transverse baffle 702 are arranged in a cross manner, for convenience of illustration in fig. 5 and 6, a top cover and a side plate of the cyclone air outlet 7 are hidden, and when the cyclone air outlet 7 is actually used, the cyclone air outlet 7 only discharges air in the direction shown in fig. 3. The included angle beta between the longitudinal baffle plate 701 of the rotational flow air outlet and the longitudinal section of the roadway is 65-75 degrees, and the angle range enables the fresh air flow ejected from the rotational flow air outlet 7 to generate a component speed opposite to the tunneling direction, so that rotational flow air moving in the opposite direction to the head-on tunneling direction is formed; the included angle gamma between the transverse baffle plate 702 of the cyclone air outlet and the longitudinal section of the excavation roadway 11 is 60-80 degrees, and the angle range enables the fresh air flow emitted by the cyclone air outlet 7 to generate the component velocity in the direction that the air blows to the top plate of the excavation roadway 11, so that the wall attachment effect is generated; the width of the transverse baffle plate 702 of the cyclone air outlet is reduced from top to bottom, and the included angle eta between the connecting line of the tail end of the transverse baffle plate 702 of the cyclone air outlet and the air outlet direction of the cyclone air outlet 7 is between 45 degrees and 55 degrees, so that the air outlet volume of the cyclone air outlet is more uniform.
More importantly, the swirling flow air outlet 7 is located behind the edge of the track of the fully-mechanized excavating machine 5, so that effective swirling flow air cannot be formed due to the fact that the track of the fully-mechanized excavating machine 5 is prevented from being influenced.
Furthermore, the air draft air duct 2 is communicated with the movable dust removing fan 12, the dust removing fan 12 can move through a rail and a bearing vehicle capable of moving on the rail, and the dust removing fan 12 is arranged on the bearing vehicle. A guide rod bracket 13 is arranged at the position of the dust removing fan 12, and a guide rod 9 is arranged on the guide rod bracket 13; be provided with on the above-mentioned convulsions dryer 2 and carry wind distributor support 6, it arranges on this machine carries wind distributor support 6 to carry wind distributor 4, as shown in fig. 9, be provided with dead lever 603 on the machine carries wind distributor support 6, be provided with fixing hoop 606 on the dead lever 603, fixing hoop 606 wraps around the corresponding department of machine carries wind distributor 4, this fixing hoop 606 is provided with a band open-ended cylinder, it has the horizon bar to articulate in the opening, the horizon bar corresponds the end and can swing in the opening internal planes, form horizontal swing free end 604, the other end of horizon bar articulates the corresponding department at guide arm 9, the other end of horizon bar can be at the vertical swing of the corresponding department of guide arm, form vertical swing free end.
And the connection of the guide bar 9 and the guide bar bracket 13 is the same as the connection of the fixing hoop 606 and the guide bar 9, as shown in fig. 14, that is, by the guide bar bracket 133, the horizontal swing free end 131, and the vertical swing free end 134. Because equipment weight is great in the tunnel, the guide rod 9 eliminates stress generated by each equipment in the forward moving process of the roadheader 5 through the connection mode of two ends on the premise of ensuring the stability of the connection part, avoids the damage of each equipment, and is also a key structure capable of realizing that the vortex dust control area and the rotational flow blocking area stably move forward along with the roadheader 5.
And the onboard air distributor 4 is communicated with a mining air duct 10 through a telescopic air duct 8, and the telescopic air duct 8 is arranged along the direction of the guide rod 9. The positive air draft end 101 and the side air draft end 102 are arranged on the air draft opening 1, as shown in fig. 15, the positive air draft end 101 and the side air draft end 102 are strip-shaped holes, the positive air draft end 101 faces the head direction, the side air draft end 102 and the positive air draft end are arranged perpendicularly, the positive air draft opening 101 can effectively suck dust-containing air flow, and the side air draft opening 102 sucks dust-containing air flow which is difficult to suck by the positive air draft opening 101 and is close to the wall surface of a roadway. And the ratio of the air quantity of the air suction opening 1 to the total air quantity of the airborne air distributor 4 is 0.75-1.25, when the air quantity emitted by the airborne air distributor 4 is far greater than the air quantity sucked by the air suction opening 1, the vortex air outlet 301 can generate overlarge air flow which exceeds the negative pressure influence range of the air suction opening 1, so that a vortex air field is not controlled, high-concentration dust can be diffused backwards, and the dust control effect is poor. And the air quantity of the air suction opening 1 is too large, so that circulating air is easily caused, and the requirements of ventilation safety regulations of a coal mine working face are not met.
In order to further describe the present invention, the following examples are given in more detail.
The domain type ventilation dust control system mainly comprises an air suction opening 1, an air suction air cylinder 2, a vortex air outlet baffle plate 3, an airborne air divider 4, an airborne air divider support 6, a vortex air outlet 7, a telescopic air cylinder 8, a guide rod 9, a mining air cylinder 10 and a guide rod support 13. The onboard air distributor support 6 and the air draft air cylinder 2 are of an integrated structure, and the vortex air outlet baffle 3, the vortex air outlet longitudinal baffle 701 and the vortex air outlet transverse baffle 702 are located at the corresponding air outlets of the onboard air distributor 4. The airborne air distributor bracket 6 enables the airborne air distributor 4 and the air draft air duct 2 to form an integrated structure and is fixedly connected with the fully-mechanized excavating machine 5. The telescopic wind tube 8 is hung on the guide rod 9, one end of the telescopic wind tube 8 is connected with the airborne air distributor 4, and the other end of the telescopic wind tube 8 is connected with the mining wind tube 10. The shape of the air suction opening 1 is a vertical strip-shaped opening which is uniformly distributed on the front air suction opening 101 and the side air suction opening 102 of the air suction opening 1.
And the rotational flow air outlet 7 of the airborne air distributor 4 emits high momentum fresh air flow, and the transverse baffle plate 702 of the rotational flow air outlet 7 inclines upwards, so that the fresh air flow is firstly sprayed to the top plate area of the excavation roadway 11, and the air flow sequentially passes through the top plate, the side wall and the bottom plate of the excavation roadway 11 under the action of the wall attachment effect to form rotational flow air; the longitudinal baffle plate 701 of the rotational flow air outlet 7 is inclined at the rear of the roadway 11, so that the rotational flow air at the moment has a component speed of moving along the reverse tunneling direction of the roadway, and most of the rotational flow air moves along the reverse tunneling direction of the roadway under the influence of the component speed, so that reverse rotational flow air is formed. The area is a 'dust-free cyclone manned operation area'.
Furthermore, a vortex air outlet 301 of the airborne air distributor 4 emits fresh air flow, the direction of the air flow is deflected along the tunneling direction, a vortex air outlet baffle plate 3 is arranged inside the airborne air distributor, and the longitudinal direction of the baffle plate is vertical to the horizontal plane. The high-momentum wind flow firstly collides with the side wall of the roadway 11 and spreads, then continuously moves towards the front of the head, the high-momentum wind flow sucks all dust generated by the head after the head is faced, and moves backwards along the roadway wall on the other side to form dusty airflow, the positive air suction opening 101 of the air suction opening 1 can effectively suck the dusty wind flow, and the side air suction opening 102 sucks the dusty wind flow close to the roadway wall surface, which is difficult to suck by the positive air suction opening 101. Because the high-speed air flow of the air suction opening 1 forms a negative pressure area, part of the backward-moving dust-containing air flow is sucked into the compressed air jetting flow field and jetted to the side wall of the roadway 11 along with the fresh air flow, and therefore a transverse dust control vortex is formed. This region is the "dust-laden vortex unmanned zone". The air suction opening 1 is positioned near the center of the vortex field, and can suck the dusty air flow in the vortex field into the dust removal fan 12, and the air flow is discharged after purification.
In order to ensure that high-concentration dust in the head-on area is completely pumped out and purified by the dust removal fan 12, the air draft of the head-on area is larger than the air outlet amount of the vortex air outlet 301, when high-momentum air jetted from the vortex air outlet 7 collides with the top plate of the excavation roadway 11, a small part of fresh air flow is also divided into the head-on area under the influence of a strong front negative pressure field so as to weaken the negative pressure suction effect of the head-on area, and finally, the high-concentration dust in the head-on area is effectively controlled under the vortex control-rotary resistance effect, and the fully-mechanized excavation working face is divided into two working areas, namely an unmanned working area containing dust vortex and an manned working area containing dust vortex, so that a fully-mechanized face excavation vortex control-rotary resistance divided-area ventilation dust control system is formed.
Furthermore, the above-mentioned onboard air distributor support 6 includes a fixing plate screw 601, a fixing plate 602, a fixing rod 603, a horizontal swing free end 604, a vertical swing free end 605, and a fixing hoop 606. The airborne air distributor bracket 6 can be fixed on the fully-mechanized excavating machine 5 through the fixing plate 602 and the fixing screw 601, and the fixing rod 603 is rigidly connected with the airborne air distributor bracket 6 and the fixing hoop 606 through welding, so that the overall stability is improved. The horizontal swing free end 604 is fixed to the fixed hoop 606, and the vertical swing free end 605 connects the guide bar 9 with the fixed hoop 606. The airborne air distributor support 6 and the air draft air duct 2 are of an integrated structure, and the air draft air duct 2 is fixed on the machine body of the roadheader 5 through the integrated structure. The fixed hoop 606 may be formed by two semi-annular fixing pieces, which facilitates the installation and detachment of the airborne air splitter 4 and the air draft fan drum 2.
Furthermore, the onboard air distributor 4 mainly includes a vortex air outlet baffle 3, a cross annular perforated wind shield 401 with a circular profile, a longitudinal vortex air outlet baffle 701, and a transverse vortex air outlet baffle 702. The cross annular opening wind shield 401 with different effective ventilation areas regulates and controls the wind distribution ratio of the vortex air outlet 301 and the cyclone air outlet 7, and meanwhile, the air outlet of the vortex air outlet 301 is more uniform due to the design of the cross annular opening wind shield. The opening area of the cross annular opening wind shield 401 accounts for 15% -30% of the circular area of the cross annular opening wind shield, so that overlarge vortex air volume is avoided, and high-concentration dust is prevented from diffusing to the rear of the tunneling roadway 11. After the air flow of the telescopic air duct 8 enters the airborne air distributor 4, one part of the air flow flows through the vortex air outlet baffle plate 3 through the cross annular opening air baffle plate 401 and flows out to form vortex air, and the other part of the air flows out through the vortex air outlet 7 due to the blocking effect of the cross annular opening air baffle plate 401 to form vortex air. It should be noted that the installation position of the swirling flow air outlet 7 should be located behind the rear end edge of the track of the roadheader 5, so as to avoid the influence of the track of the roadheader 5 and prevent effective swirling flow air from being formed.
More preferably, the included angle alpha between the vortex air outlet baffle 3 and the cross section of the roadway is 35-45 degrees, and the included angle range can enable wind current to move to the head along the tunneling direction after rebounding through the side wall of the tunneling roadway 11. The included angle beta between the longitudinal baffle plate 701 of the swirling air outlet and the longitudinal section of the roadway is 65-75 degrees, and the included angle beta can enable the fresh air flow ejected from the swirling air outlet to generate a component velocity opposite to the tunneling direction, so that swirling air tends to migrate in the tunneling opposite direction. The angle gamma range of the transverse baffle 702 of the cyclone air outlet is controlled to be 60-80 degrees, so that cyclone air is blown to the top plate of the excavation roadway 11, and a wall attachment effect is generated. The width of the horizontal baffle 702 at the cyclone air outlet is reduced from top to bottom in sequence, and the width is perpendicular to the vertical baffle 701 at the cyclone air outlet. The range of an included angle eta between the connecting line of the tail ends of the transverse baffle plates 702 of the cyclone air outlet and the air outlet direction of the cyclone air outlet 7 is 45-55 degrees, so that the air dividing quantity in different baffle plate channels is controlled, the air outlet quantity of the cyclone air outlet 7 is more uniform, and the phenomenon that the air flow is too concentrated to influence the formation effect of cyclone air is avoided.
And the guide rod 9 is used for hanging the telescopic air duct 8, the horizontal swing free end 131 and the horizontal swing free end 604 can enable the guide rod 9 to swing around an end point in the horizontal direction, and the vertical swing free end 134 and the vertical swing free end 605 can enable the guide rod 9 to swing around an end point in the vertical direction. Thereby meeting the horizontal and vertical displacement change of the comprehensive excavator 5 in the tunneling process so as to avoid rigid damage to the guide rod 9.
The ratio of the air quantity generated by the dust removal fan 12 at the air suction opening 1 to the total air supply quantity of the airborne air distributor 4 is 0.75-1.25. When the air quantity emitted by the airborne air distributor 4 is far larger than the suction air quantity of the suction opening 1, the vortex air outlet 301 generates an over-large airflow which exceeds the negative pressure influence range of the suction opening 1, so that the vortex air field is not controlled, high-concentration dust diffuses backwards, and the dust control effect is poor. The air quantity of the air suction opening 1 is too large, so that circulating air is easily caused, and the requirements of ventilation safety regulations of a coal mine working face are not met.
Further, as shown in fig. 10, as the fully-mechanized excavating machine 5 excavates forwards, the distance between the airborne air distributor 4 and the mining air duct 10 increases, and the telescopic air duct 8 extends. After about 10 meters of tunneling, the telescopic air duct 8 and the mining air duct 10 are separated at the joint 14 of the telescopic air duct and the mining air duct, another section of conventional mining air duct 10 is installed, the telescopic air duct 8 on the guide rod 9 is pulled back to the front end of the guide rod 9, the tunneling operation is continued after the telescopic air duct 8 and the mining air duct 10 are connected at the joint, and the process is repeated.
As shown in fig. 10-13, the principle and steps of the "vortex control-rotation resistance" type regional ventilation dust control method for the fully-mechanized excavating face provided by the invention are as follows:
in a normal working state, the fully-mechanized excavating machine 5 is positioned at the head of a roadway of an excavation working face and excavates forwards along the direction of the roadway, and the air draft air cylinder 2 and the dust removal fan 12 advance along with the forward excavation; fresh air flow flows through the airborne air distributor 4, one part of the fresh air flow is exhausted through the vortex air outlet 301, the air flow uniformly moves towards the head along the wall surface of the excavation roadway 11 under the influence of the vortex air outlet baffle plate 3 and the wall surface of the excavation roadway 11, and dust at the head is sucked in to form dust-containing air flow; the air flow rebounded by collision moves backwards along the wall surface of the roadway 11 in the opposite tunneling direction and moves to the positive suction opening 101 of the suction opening 1, most of the dust-containing air flow is sucked into the suction wind barrel 2 under the action of negative pressure to be purified and exhausted, and part of the air flow which is not sucked is influenced by the high-speed jet flow field of the side suction opening 102 and the vortex air outlet 301 of the suction opening 1 to enter into a transverse vortex, so that transverse dust-control vortex air is formed. The cyclone air outlet 7 of the airborne air distributor 4 emits high momentum fresh air flow, and the transverse baffle plate 702 of the cyclone air outlet 7 inclines upwards, so that the fresh air flow is firstly sprayed to the top plate area of the excavation roadway 11, and the air flow sequentially passes through the top plate, the side wall and the bottom plate of the excavation roadway 11 to form cyclone air under the action of the wall attachment effect; because the longitudinal baffle 701 of the rotational flow air outlet 7 inclines backwards, the rotational flow air at the moment has a component speed of migration in the opposite tunneling direction of the roadway, and most of the rotational flow air migrates in the opposite tunneling direction of the roadway under the influence of the component speed, so that reverse rotational flow air is formed. Fresh air flow of the cyclone air outlet is firstly sprayed to the 11 top plate area of the excavation roadway, and a small part of air flow spreads towards the head-on direction when the 11 top plate of the excavation roadway is excavated, so that the dust diffusion to the rear of the roadway is inhibited. Most of the wind flows to the opposite direction of tunneling, and the formed rotational flow wind continuously provides fresh wind flow for the fully-mechanized tunneling roadway operation area. Meanwhile, the high momentum air ejected from the cyclone air outlet 7 can form an 'airflow barrier' for preventing the vortex from diffusing backwards, so that the effective resistance control of the dust-containing vortex field is realized. In addition, in order to ensure that high-concentration dust in the head-on area is completely pumped out and purified by the dust removal fan 12, the air draft of the head-on area is larger than the air outlet amount of the vortex air outlet 301, when high-momentum air jetted out from the vortex air outlet 7 collides with the top plate of the roadway 11, a small part of fresh air flow is also divided into the head-on area under the influence of a strong front negative pressure field so as to weaken the negative pressure suction effect of the head-on area, and finally, the high-concentration dust in the head-on area is effectively controlled under the vortex control-rotation resistance effect, and the fully-mechanized excavation working face is divided into two working areas, namely an unmanned working area containing dust vortex and an manned working area containing dust vortex, so that a fully-excavated 'vortex control-rotation resistance' divided-area ventilation dust control system is formed.
And as the comprehensive excavator 5 excavates forwards, the airborne air distributor 4 on the comprehensive excavator 5 advances along with the forward excavation and pulls the telescopic air duct 8. When the fully-mechanized excavating machine 5 advances for 10 meters, the first step is implemented: the telescopic air duct 8 is separated from the mining air duct 10, and the telescopic air duct 8 is pulled back to a compressed state. Then, the second step is implemented: hanging a new mining air duct 10, connecting with the telescopic air duct 8 and returning to the initial state. One cycle is completed.
When using traditional wall-attached dryer accuse dust removal: the air outlet of the wall-attached air duct is fixed on the wall of the roadway, and the position of the wall-attached air duct influences the forming distance and the effect of the dust control air curtain along with the propulsion of the working surface. Along with the continuous disassembly and assembly of the driving face, two ends of the wall-attached air cylinder are respectively provided with one operator, and at least two operators work cooperatively; moreover, the work needs to be repeated, and the dust control effect is greatly influenced by the work. Because the equipment is heavier, the high altitude construction risk is high, the enthusiasm of workers is not high, the wall-attached air duct is not adjusted timely, and the dust control efficiency is influenced.
When the method provided by the invention is used for air curtain dust control: the airborne wind distributor 4 is stably fixed on the comprehensive digging machine 5 through an airborne wind distributor support 6, the airborne wind distributor 4 changes along with the position of the comprehensive digging machine 5 in real time, and the dust control effect cannot be influenced by the digging of a working face. The on-board air distributor 4 can generate vortex wind and swirl wind simultaneously without operating the same. In terms of workload, only one worker is needed to separate the telescopic air duct 8 from the mining air duct 10 before the telescopic air duct 8 is fully extended, install a new section of mining air duct 10, and reconnect the telescopic air duct 8 and the new section of mining air duct 10. The position of the air duct does not need to be adjusted in the tunneling work, and as parts are lighter, no heavy labor is needed in the operation process, the operation is simple and convenient, the risk of high-altitude operation is small, the enthusiasm of workers is high, and the best dust control effect can be kept without adjusting the position of the airborne air distributor 4. The dust control comparison between the conventional coanda duct dust control and the method of the present invention is shown in table 1.
Table 1:
it should be understood, however, that the description herein of specific embodiments is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A regional ventilation dust control system comprises a fully-mechanized excavating machine arranged along an excavation roadway, and is characterized by further comprising a suction opening arranged close to the head, wherein the suction opening is communicated with a suction air cylinder, a machine-mounted air divider is arranged on the fully-mechanized excavating machine behind the suction air cylinder, the machine-mounted air divider is positioned on the corresponding side of the excavation roadway, the distance between the machine-mounted air divider and the top plate of the excavation roadway is larger than 30 cm, and the suction opening and the machine-mounted air divider both move along with the fully-mechanized excavating machine; the airborne air divider comprises a vortex air outlet and a vortex air outlet, the vortex air outlet is positioned in front of the vortex air outlet and is used for blowing air in an angle direction towards the heading direction, and the vortex air outlet is used for blowing air in an angle direction towards the rear of the top plate of the heading roadway; the air suction port is in an air suction state to form a negative pressure field, the vortex air outlet blows air towards the heading direction to form a vortex field, the air suction port is located near the center of the vortex field, and the vortex field controls high-concentration dust particles generated by the heading to move towards the negative pressure field and be sucked out by the air suction port to form a vortex dust control area; the fresh air flow of the cyclone air outlet is firstly sprayed to the top plate area of the excavation roadway, and under the action of a wall attachment effect, the air flow sequentially passes through the top plate, the side wall and the bottom plate of the excavation roadway to form reverse cyclone air with the direction opposite to the heading excavation direction, so that the reverse cyclone air is filled in the section of the whole roadway to form a cyclone blocking area, and fresh pollution-free air is provided for an operation area except the heading area;
the air draft fan drum is communicated with a movable dust removal fan, a guide rod bracket is arranged at the dust removal fan, and a guide rod is arranged on the guide rod bracket; be provided with on the convulsions dryer and carry the wind ware support, it arranges on this machine carries the wind ware support to carry the wind ware, be provided with the dead lever on the machine carries the wind ware support, be provided with fixed hoop on the dead lever, fixed hoop wraps around the machine carries the wind ware and corresponds the department, this fixed hoop is provided with a band open-ended cylinder, it has the horizon bar to articulate in the opening, the horizon bar corresponds the end and can be in the swing of opening internal plane, the other end of horizon bar articulates the department that corresponds at the guide arm, the other end of horizon bar can be in the vertical swing of the department that corresponds of guide arm.
2. The zoned ventilation dust control system according to claim 1, wherein a vortex outlet baffle plate is arranged in the vortex outlet, an included angle α between the vortex outlet baffle plate and the cross section of the roadway is 35 ° to 45 °, and the included angle range enables a vortex field formed by air current rebounded through the side wall of the roadway to move to the head along the heading direction.
3. The zoned ventilation and dust control system according to claim 2, wherein the airborne air distributor is provided with a cross annular perforated wind shield with openings between the vortex wind outlet and the cyclone wind outlet, and the area of the cross annular perforated wind shield is 15-30% of the circular area of the cross annular perforated wind shield.
4. The zoned ventilation and dust control system according to claim 3, wherein a cyclone air outlet longitudinal baffle and a cyclone air outlet transverse baffle are arranged in the cyclone air outlet, the cyclone air outlet longitudinal baffle and the cyclone air outlet transverse baffle are arranged in a crossing manner, an included angle β between the cyclone air outlet longitudinal baffle and a longitudinal section of a driving roadway is between 65 ° and 75 °, and the included angle β enables a fresh air flow emitted from the cyclone air outlet to generate a component velocity opposite to a driving direction, so as to form cyclone air moving in a direction opposite to the driving direction; the included angle gamma between the transverse baffle plate of the rotational flow air outlet and the longitudinal section of the roadway is between 60 and 80 degrees, and the angle range enables the fresh air flow ejected from the rotational flow air outlet to generate the component velocity of the wind blowing to the heading roadway top plate direction, so that the wall attachment effect is generated; the width of the transverse baffle plate of the cyclone air outlet is reduced from top to bottom, and the included angle eta between the connecting line of the tail ends of the transverse baffle plates of the cyclone air outlet and the air outlet direction of the cyclone air outlet is 45-55 degrees, so that the air outlet volume of the cyclone air outlet is more uniform.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the cyclone air outlet is located behind the edge of the track of the roadheader.
6. The zoned ventilation dust control system according to claim 1, wherein the airborne air distributor is connected to the mining air duct through a telescopic air duct, and the telescopic air duct is arranged along the guide rod.
7. The field-dividing type ventilation dust control system according to claim 1, wherein a positive air draft end and a side air draft end are arranged on the air draft opening, the positive air draft end and the side air draft end are both strip-shaped holes, the positive air draft end faces the head-on direction, and the side air draft end and the positive air draft end are vertically arranged.
8. The regional ventilation dust control system of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the air volume of the suction opening to the total air volume of the airborne air splitter is 0.75-1.25.
9. A fully mechanized coal mining face 'vortex-controlled-rotary-resistance' type regional ventilation dust control method using the regional ventilation dust control system as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
the vortex air outlet on the roadheader exhausts air towards the heading direction to form a vortex field, the air exhaust port exhausts air to form a negative pressure field, the vortex field controls high-concentration dust particles generated by the heading to move towards the negative pressure field and the high-concentration dust particles are exhausted from the air exhaust port to form a vortex dust control area; fresh air flow of a rotational flow air outlet on the fully-mechanized excavating machine is firstly sprayed to a top plate area of an excavation roadway, and under the action of a wall attachment effect, the air flow sequentially passes through a top plate, a side wall and a bottom plate of the excavation roadway to form reverse rotational flow air with the direction opposite to the heading excavation direction, so that the reverse rotational flow air is filled in the whole roadway section to form a rotational flow blocking area; the vortex dust control area and the vortex blocking area move together with the fully-mechanized excavating machine.
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| CN117569861B (en) * | 2023-12-19 | 2024-04-12 | 亿斯德特种智能装备(大连)有限公司 | Airborne ventilation dust control device for underground coal mine mining working face and operation method |
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| CN2908788Y (en) * | 2006-06-20 | 2007-06-06 | 煤炭科学研究总院重庆分院 | Vortex dust controller |
| CN102425441A (en) * | 2011-11-05 | 2012-04-25 | 山西晋城无烟煤矿业集团有限责任公司 | Integrated dust fall technology by utilizing rotary airflow device, suction hood and conduit |
| CN104196534B (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2016-05-18 | 山东科技大学 | A kind of 3 D multi-directional eddy flow air curtain device for reducing dust and method for fully mechanized workface |
| CN110056350B (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2020-03-06 | 山东科技大学 | Suction-induced convection type dust control and removal air fog curtain device and method for fully mechanized coal mining face |
| CN111485930B (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2021-06-18 | 山东科技大学 | Modular air separation device for driving face and dust suppression air curtain forming method |
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