CN113250267B

CN113250267B - Special drag head for eliminating furrow and construction process thereof

Info

Publication number: CN113250267B
Application number: CN202110510397.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蒋祖聪
Original assignee: CCCC Guangzhou Dredging Co Ltd.
Current assignee: CCCC Guangzhou Dredging Co Ltd.
Priority date: 2021-05-11
Filing date: 2021-05-11
Publication date: 2022-08-23
Anticipated expiration: 2041-05-11
Also published as: CN113250267A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of a trailing suction boat, in particular to a special drag head for eliminating furrows and a construction process thereof, which comprises a boat body and a material pumping cavity; rake teeth are arranged at the bottom end inside the material pumping cavity, a group of convex bodies are arranged at the rake teeth and the bottom end of the material pumping cavity, a dividing cavity is arranged inside the material pumping cavity, a rotating column is rotatably connected to one side of the dividing cavity, a rotating plate is connected to the side wall of the rotating column, a stop block is arranged on the side wall of the dividing cavity, and a group of cutting knives are arranged at the outer end of the rotating plate; the bottom of the drag head is provided with the convex body, so that the friction force between the drag head and hard soil of the furrow is increased, the transverse sliding of the drag head is effectively reduced, and the aims of accurately sweeping shallow and reducing the furrow are fulfilled; the chamber of cutting apart that sets up simultaneously can improve the ability of breaking ground of harrow head to bed body silt, and utilizes the inside self negative pressure of taking out the material intracavity to drive the commentaries on classics board and break ground the stereoplasm soil, no longer need establish complicated electric mechanism in addition and drive, greatly reduced the use cost of trailing suction boat.

Description

Special rake head for eliminating furrows and construction process thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of drag suction ships, and particularly relates to a drag head special for removing furrows and a construction process thereof.

Background

A dredger with a trailing suction hopper is a dredger for dredging from the seabed in a manner similar to a vacuum cleaner. The centrifugal pump is arranged on the ship, and water and mud are sucked up from the seabed by the centrifugal pump and discharged into the mud cabin of the ship. The operation is carried out in navigation, the operation is carried out while navigation and excavation are carried out, and the mud cabin is driven to a mud throwing area to discharge mud when being filled with mud; in the construction of some engineering construction sites, the large-scale trailing suction boat can encounter hard soil, and the phenomenon of 'furrow' is easy to occur due to the fact that the construction quality is not tightly controlled.

Some solutions have been proposed in the prior art for a trailing suction vessel, such as a chinese patent No. 2012800439855, which proposes a drag head (100) for dredging material (2) from a bed (3) of a body of water and transporting the material (2) to a suction tube (120). The drag head (100) is arranged to be dragged over the bed (3) in a dragging direction (D). The drag head (100) comprises a suction section (110) in which a negative pressure can be created to suck material (2) from the bed (3) through a suction opening (113) into a suction chamber (112). The heel section (111) guides the drag head (100) along the bed (3). The suction section (110) is preferably rotatably connected to the heel section (111). The suction section (110) further comprises an outlet (114) for transporting the material (2) towards the suction tube (120).

However, in the construction process of removing the furrows, the large-scale drag suction boat has the condition that a few sporadic shallow points and hard-pointed furrows which are particularly difficult to remove are difficult to remove, and meanwhile, due to the influence of the surrounding environment and the design of the drag head, the drag head slides down from one shallow point to the hard-pointed furrows, the steel wire is pulled obliquely, and the phenomenon of false sweeping that the drag head sweeps the middle shallow points or the furrows but does not fall earth is caused.

Therefore, the special harrow head for eliminating the furrow and the construction process thereof are provided aiming at the problems.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to make up for the defects of the prior art and solve the problems that the yield of a ship is reduced, the construction efficiency is reduced, the daily oil consumption is increased and the ship cost is further increased due to the fact that false sweeping occurs when a rake head carries out 'furrow' elimination operation, the invention provides the special rake head for eliminating the furrows and the construction process thereof.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a special drag head for eliminating furrows comprises a hull and a material pumping cavity, wherein a heel section is arranged on one side of the material pumping cavity; the bottom end in the material pumping cavity is provided with rake teeth, the rake teeth and the bottom end of the material pumping cavity are provided with a group of protrusions, a dividing cavity is arranged in the material pumping cavity, one side of the dividing cavity, which is close to the opening of the material pumping cavity, is rotatably connected with a rotary column, the side wall of the rotary column is connected with a group of rotary plates which are uniformly distributed in an annular mode, the side wall, corresponding to one side of the rotary column, which is far away from the opening of the material pumping cavity, of the dividing cavity is provided with a stop block, one end, matched with the end part of the rotary plate, of the stop block is arranged into an arc-shaped surface, and the outer end of each rotary plate is provided with a group of cutting knives; when the large drag suction ship works, in some engineering construction sites, hard soil is encountered, the 'furrow' phenomenon is easy to occur due to the fact that construction quality is not tightly controlled, the conditions that some sporadic shallow points and hard sharp furrows which are particularly difficult to eliminate are difficult to sweep exist, meanwhile, due to the influence of the surrounding environment and the design of a drag head, the drag head slides down when the shallow points and the hard sharp furrows are swept, a steel wire is inclined, the drag head sweeps the middle shallow points or the furrows, and the false sweeping phenomenon that earthwork is not fallen is caused; when the drag head in the prior art is used, a certain number of protrusions with proper strength are arranged at the bottom of the drag head, so that the friction force between the drag head and hard soil of a furrow is increased, the protrusions with reasonable intervals can provide enough anti-skid friction force according to the size of the drag head, the transverse sliding of the drag head is effectively reduced, and the aims of accurately sweeping shallow and reducing the furrow are fulfilled; meanwhile, the rake head has an active effect on excavation of hard clay, is suitable for hard clay construction operation, can effectively improve the soil breaking capacity of the rake teeth, and has small influence on normal construction of ships; when simultaneously taking out the stereoplasm soil of material intracavity portion to the excavation and inhaling, cut apart intracavity portion and also be in the negative pressure state in step, and through applying the effort to the rotor plate lateral wall, drive the rotation that the rotor plate carries out the continuation, thereby can make the cutting knife on the rotor plate to revolve to the convex stereoplasm soil in rake teeth top, the ability of breaking ground of rake head to bed body silt has been improved, utilize the negative pressure of taking out material intracavity portion self to drive the rotor plate simultaneously and break ground the stereoplasm soil, no longer need establish complicated electric mechanism in addition and drive, greatly reduced the use cost of trailing suction ship.

Preferably, a sliding cavity is formed in the outer end of the rotating plate, a sliding plate is connected inside the sliding cavity in a sliding mode, a first spring is connected between the sliding plate and the inner end of the sliding cavity, the cutting knives are all installed on the side wall of the outer end of the sliding plate, and an inclined plate capable of extruding the end portion of the sliding plate is arranged at the end portion of the divided cavity; the during operation, when changeing the board and changeing from cutting apart intracavity portion, the slide drove the cutting knife from the inside roll-off of sliding chamber under the effect of a spring this moment to prolonged the cutting scope of cutting knife to stereoplasm soil, when the slide moved to hang plate department, the hang plate can exert pressure to the slide outer end this moment, and with inside its sliding chamber of impressing gradually, thereby make changeing the board can be smooth change over to into and cut apart intracavity portion.

Preferably, an arc-shaped partition plate is arranged between the stop block and the inner wall of the corresponding partition cavity, and a net-shaped feed port is formed in the partition plate; the during operation, when changeing the board and driving the slide and change over to the baffle department of cutting apart intracavity portion, the baffle can block spacingly to the slide outer end this moment, prevent that the slide from the slide intracavity portion to cutting apart intracavity portion roll-off, and need impress the condition in the slide intracavity once more in follow-up rotation, thereby make the slide can effectually accomodate in the slide intracavity portion when need not use, feed inlet on the baffle can make air current and silt flow through smoothly from cutting apart intracavity portion simultaneously, thereby make the work of changeing the board effectively go on, and make the material chamber of taking out carry out effectual recovery to the bed body material of excavation.

Preferably, a leakage groove is formed in the outer end of the sliding plate, a sealing ball is arranged at one end, away from the cutting knife, of the leakage groove, a supporting plate is arranged in the leakage groove corresponding to one side of the sealing ball, and an elastic body is connected between the sealing ball and the supporting plate; the during operation, when the cutting knife of slide outer end carries out the breakage to stereoplasm soil, some silt can flow into inside the small opening groove this moment, and with the shutoff ball from the small opening groove port roof-open, thereby make silt to flow from the small opening groove of opening, make the material on the slide weight reduction after down, reduce the resistance when changeing the board and rotating, simultaneously when changeing the board and driving the slide and move to when cutting apart the chamber mouth, the small opening groove can carry out the shutoff to the small opening groove again under the effect of elastomer and one side negative pressure this moment, make the slide form relative confined face, thereby make the negative pressure of cutting apart intracavity portion can more effectually exert the effort to the slide, and drive the commentaries on classics board and rotate.

Preferably, the inside of the rotating plate is provided with airflow channels communicated with the inner ends of the sliding cavities, the inner ends of two adjacent airflow channels are communicated through airflow pipes, and the sliding plate can slide under the action of the air pressure of the inner ends of the sliding cavities; during operation, the sliding plate in the partition cavity is retracted into the sliding cavity under the action of the arc-shaped surface on the partition plate or the stop block, and gas in the sliding cavity is pressed into the sliding cavity outside the partition cavity through the airflow channel and the airflow pipe, so that the sliding plate in the sliding cavity can stably extend out under the action of internal high air pressure, and hard soil is effectively crushed.

Preferably, the outer end of the sliding plate is rotatably connected with a roller, the side wall of the sliding plate corresponding to one side of the roller is connected with a scraper, and the rotating plate can drive the scraper to scrape sundries on the surface of the partition plate when rotating; the during operation, when the slide changes over to and cuts apart intracavity portion, the slide can drive the roller and roll on the contact surface, greatly reduced slide and the great condition of contact surface resistance because of direct contact, the slide can drive the scraper simultaneously and strike off remaining soil block on to the baffle for the roller can be more steady roll on the baffle, also can reduce the shutoff that the soil block produced the baffle simultaneously.

Preferably, the scraper is connected with the side wall of the sliding plate through a torsion spring, and a limiting block capable of limiting the position of the scraper is arranged on one side of the scraper; the during operation, the stopper that sets up can prevent that the scraper from rotating to the one side that is close to the commentaries on classics board, and can't carry out the condition of effectively striking off to the clod on the baffle, simultaneously when the scraper promotes the clod to cutting apart the chamber outer end, the scraper can rotate to the position department parallel to mutually with the slide lateral wall under the effect of torsional spring this moment to make the whereabouts that the clod that strikes off on the scraper can be smooth, reduce the piling up of clod on the scraper.

Preferably, a cutting chamber is arranged at the bottom end of the interior of the heel section, a hydraulic rod is mounted in the cutting chamber, and a cutter is connected to the bottom end of the hydraulic rod; during operation, the cutter can insert the mud layer that needs excavate under the effect of hydraulic stem, and the cutter can cut the mud layer in advance under the drive of hull afterwards to make things convenient for subsequent rake teeth to break ground to the mud layer.

Preferably, a transition cavity is arranged at the bottom end of the hydraulic rod, a piston connected with the transition cavity in a sliding manner is connected to the bottom end of the hydraulic rod, the cutter is mounted at the bottom end of the transition cavity, sliding grooves are respectively formed in two side walls of the cutter, cutting teeth are connected in the sliding grooves in a sliding manner, an elastic piece is connected between the cutting teeth and the inner ends of the sliding grooves, an airflow groove communicated with the transition cavity and the sliding grooves is formed in the cutter, an opening-closing groove communicated with the airflow groove is formed in the side wall of the cutter, an opening-closing block is connected in the opening-closing groove in a sliding manner, an inclined extrusion surface is arranged at the outer end of the opening-closing block, a second spring is connected between the opening-closing block and the inner ends of the opening-closing groove, and an opening-closing opening is formed in the opening-closing block; the during operation, cut into the mud layer when the cutter, and when making the compressive plane of switching piece contact with the mud layer, the mud layer can be through the effort of applying to the compressive plane switching piece switching inslot portion of impressing this moment, opening and shutting mouth and air current groove on the switching piece are linked together, the hydraulic stem can pass through the piston with the inside gas of transition chamber through the air current groove in the spout of impressing this moment, make the cutting teeth can effectual roll-off and insert inside the mud layer under the effect of the inside atmospheric pressure of spout, the heel section can drive the cutter and carry out the precut with the cutting teeth in step to the mud layer when the motion afterwards, the effect of breaking the soil of follow-up harrow tooth to the mud layer has further been improved.

A construction process for eliminating furrows is suitable for the drag head, and comprises the following steps:

s1: according to the performance and soil property of a construction ship, a sectional and layered construction mode is adopted for a groove to be excavated, a shallow section is firstly excavated and gradually deepened, and the water depths of all sections of an area to be excavated are gradually deepened after being basically similar; when the middle of the water depth before dredging is basically similar to the two sides, excavating at the same time and deepening gradually; when two sides of the depth before dredging are shallow and the middle is deep, side slopes on two sides are excavated in a layered mode; when the mud layer on one side is thick, the thick side of the mud layer is excavated in layers, and after the depth is basically similar, the mud layer is deepened gradually;

s2: the dynamic monitoring of the whole process is carried out on the operation process of the construction ship, the positioning accuracy of the lower rake in the construction process is ensured, and the construction quality control during the dredging period of the lower rake is realized;

s3: the wave compensator device is arranged on the trailing suction dredger, and the too large impact force borne by the harrow pipe and the harrow head is reduced under the action of wind waves and when the mud surface is uneven;

s4: the method of oblique line walking is adopted in the construction process of the ship, the line walking of the ship is controlled to form an included angle of 30-35 degrees with the direction of a navigation channel, the ship is led to form an S-shaped track and is dug in an oblique crossing state with a side slope and a navigation channel of a construction area, and simultaneously, the hard soil of a bed body is synchronously crushed through a material pumping cavity in the process of dredging; the contact angle between the rake head and the furrow is increased, the construction area is cut by using the rake teeth through controlling the fixed depth, and the mud surface line at the bottom of the construction area gradually tends to be smooth through repeated sweeping, so that the aim of furrow-free construction is fulfilled; simultaneously, in the dredging process, the hard soil of the bed body is synchronously crushed through the material pumping cavity, so that the soil breaking capacity of the trailing suction boat to the sediment of the bed body is improved.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. according to the invention, the protruding body is arranged at the bottom of the drag head, so that the friction force between the drag head and hard soil of the furrow is increased, the transverse sliding of the drag head is effectively reduced, and the aims of accurately sweeping shallow and reducing the furrow are achieved; the chamber of cutting apart that sets up simultaneously can improve the ability of breaking ground of harrow head to bed body silt, and utilizes the inside self negative pressure of taking out the material intracavity to drive the commentaries on classics board and break ground the stereoplasm soil, no longer need establish complicated electric mechanism in addition and drive, greatly reduced the use cost of trailing suction boat.

2. According to the invention, the cutting chamber is arranged at the bottom end in the heel section, and the hydraulic rod and the cutter are arranged in the cutting chamber, so that the cutter can be inserted into a mud layer to be excavated under the action of the hydraulic rod, and then the cutter can pre-cut the mud layer under the driving of the ship body, thereby facilitating the subsequent rake teeth to break the mud layer.

Drawings

The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the material withdrawal chamber of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view at A in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view at B in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a second cutting chamber of the present embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a diagram of the process steps of the present invention;

in the figure: the device comprises a ship body 1, a material pumping cavity 2, a heel section 3, a rake tooth 4, a convex body 5, a dividing cavity 6, a rotary column 7, a rotary plate 8, a stop block 9, an arc-shaped surface 10, a cutting knife 11, a sliding cavity 12, a sliding plate 13, a first spring 14, an inclined plate 15, a partition plate 16, a leakage groove 17, a blocking ball 18, a supporting plate 19, an elastic body 20, an air flow channel 21, an air flow pipe 22, a roller 23, a scraper 24, a limiting block 25, a cutting chamber 26, a hydraulic rod 27, a cutter 28, a transition cavity 29, a piston 30, a sliding groove 31, a cutting tooth 32, an elastic piece 33, an air flow groove 34, an opening and closing groove 35, an opening and closing block 36, a squeezing surface 37, a second spring 38 and an opening and closing port 39.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical means, the creation features, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the following embodiments.

The first embodiment is as follows:

as shown in fig. 1-4, the special drag head for removing furrows in the present invention comprises a hull 1 and a material pumping cavity 2, wherein a heel section 3 is arranged on one side of the material pumping cavity 2; the bottom end in the material pumping cavity 2 is provided with rake teeth 4, the rake teeth 4 and the bottom end of the material pumping cavity 2 are provided with a group of protrusions 5, the material pumping cavity 2 is internally provided with a dividing cavity 6, one side of the dividing cavity 6 close to the opening of the material pumping cavity 2 is rotatably connected with a rotary column 7, the side wall of the rotary column 7 is connected with a group of annularly and uniformly distributed rotary plates 8, the side wall of the dividing cavity 6 corresponding to one side of the rotary column 7 far away from the opening of the material pumping cavity 2 is provided with a stop block 9, one end of the stop block 9 matched with the end part of the rotary plate 8 is arranged into an arc-shaped surface 10, and the outer end of the rotary plate 8 is provided with a group of cutting knives 11; when the large drag suction ship works, in some engineering construction sites, hard soil is encountered, the 'furrow' phenomenon is easy to occur due to the fact that construction quality is not tightly controlled, the conditions that some sporadic shallow points and hard sharp furrows which are particularly difficult to eliminate are difficult to sweep exist, meanwhile, due to the influence of the surrounding environment and the design of a drag head, the drag head slides down when the shallow points and the hard sharp furrows are swept, a steel wire is inclined, the drag head sweeps the middle shallow points or the furrows, and the false sweeping phenomenon that earthwork is not fallen is caused; when the drag head in the prior art is used, a certain number of protrusions 5 with proper strength are arranged at the bottom of the drag head, so that the friction force between the drag head and hard soil of a furrow is increased, the protrusions 5 arranged at reasonable intervals can provide enough anti-skid friction force according to the size of the drag head, the transverse sliding of the drag head is effectively reduced, and the aims of accurately sweeping shallow soil and reducing the furrow are fulfilled; meanwhile, the rake head has an active effect on excavation of hard clay, is suitable for hard clay construction operation, can effectively improve the soil breaking capacity of the rake teeth 4, and has small influence on normal construction of ships; when simultaneously taking out 2 inside hard soils to the excavation of material chamber, cut apart 6 inside also synchronous negative pressure states that are in chamber, and through applying the effort to changeing 8 lateral walls of board, it carries out the rotation of continuation to drive commentaries on classics board 8, thereby can make cutting knife 11 on the commentaries on classics board 8 spin off 4 top convex hard soils of rake teeth, the ability of breaking ground of rake head to bed body silt has been improved, utilize the negative pressure of taking out 2 inside self in material chamber to drive commentaries on classics board 8 simultaneously and break ground the hard soil, no longer need establish complicated electric mechanism in addition and drive, greatly reduced the use cost of trailing suction ship.

A sliding cavity 12 is formed in the outer end of the rotating plate 8, a sliding plate 13 is connected to the inside of the sliding cavity 12 in a sliding mode, a first spring 14 is connected between the sliding plate 13 and the inner end of the sliding cavity 12, the cutting knives 11 are all installed on the side wall of the outer end of the sliding plate 13, and an inclined plate 15 capable of extruding the end of the sliding plate 13 is arranged at the end of the divided cavity 6; the during operation, when changeing board 8 and from cutting apart 6 inside rollouts, slide 13 drove cutting knife 11 from the inside roll-off in sliding chamber 12 under the effect of a spring 14 this moment to prolonged cutting knife 11 and to the cutting scope of stereoplasm soil, when slide 13 moved to hang plate 15 department, hang plate 15 can exert pressure to slide 13 outer end this moment, and with inside its sliding chamber 12 of impressing gradually, thereby make changeing the changing over into of board 8 can be smooth and cut apart 6 insides in the chamber.

An arc-shaped partition plate 16 is arranged between the stop block 9 and the inner wall of the corresponding partition cavity 6, and a net-shaped feeding hole is formed in the partition plate 16; the during operation, when changeing board 8 and driving slide 13 and change over to when cutting apart the 16 departments of the inside baffle in chamber 6, baffle 16 can block spacingly to slide 13 outer end this moment, prevent that slide 13 from sliding chamber 12 inside to cutting apart the inside roll-off in chamber 6, and need impress the condition in sliding chamber 12 once more in follow-up rotation, thereby make slide 13 can effectually accomodate inside sliding chamber 12 when not needing to use, simultaneously the feed inlet on the baffle 16 can make air current and silt flow through from cutting apart the inside of chamber 6 smoothly, thereby make changeing board 8's work effectively go on, and make and take out material chamber 2 and carry out effectual recovery to the bed body material of excavation.

A leakage groove 17 is formed in the outer end of the sliding plate 13, a blocking ball 18 is arranged at one end, away from the cutting knife 11, of the leakage groove 17, a supporting plate 19 is arranged inside the leakage groove 17 corresponding to one side of the blocking ball 18, and an elastic body 20 is connected between the blocking ball 18 and the supporting plate 19; the during operation, when cutting knife 11 of slide 13 outer end carries out the breakage to stereoplasm soil, some silt can flow into inside the small opening groove 17 this moment, and with shutoff ball 18 from small opening groove 17 port roof-opening, thereby make silt can follow the small opening groove 17 outflow of opening, make the material on the slide 13 weight reduction behind down, resistance when reducing commentaries on classics board 8 and rotating, simultaneously when changeing board 8 and driving slide 13 and moving to cutting apart 6 mouths in chamber, small opening groove 17 can carry out the shutoff to small opening groove 17 again under the effect of elastomer 20 and one side negative pressure this moment, make slide 13 form relative confined face, thereby make the negative pressure of cutting apart 6 insides in chamber can more effectual exert the effort to slide 13, and drive commentaries on classics board 8 and rotate.

Airflow channels 21 communicated with the inner ends of the sliding cavities 12 are formed in the rotating plate 8, the inner ends of two adjacent airflow channels 21 are communicated through airflow pipes 22, and the sliding plate 13 can slide under the action of air pressure of the inner ends of the sliding cavities 12; when the crushing device works, the sliding plate 13 in the dividing cavity 6 is retracted into the sliding cavity 12 under the action of the arc-shaped surface 10 on the partition plate 16 or the stop block 9, and the gas in the dividing cavity is pressed into the sliding cavity 12 outside the dividing cavity 6 through the gas flow channel 21 and the gas flow pipe 22, so that the sliding plate 13 in the sliding cavity 12 can stably extend out under the action of internal high gas pressure, and hard soil is crushed more effectively.

The outer end of the sliding plate 13 is rotatably connected with a roller 23, the side wall of the sliding plate 13 corresponding to one side of the roller 23 is connected with a scraper 24, and the rotating plate 8 can drive the scraper 24 to scrape sundries on the surface of the partition plate 16 when rotating; during operation, when slide 13 changes over to and cuts apart the intracavity 6 inside, slide 13 can drive roller 23 and roll on the contact surface, greatly reduced slide 13 and the contact surface because of the great condition of direct contact resistance, slide 13 can drive scraper 24 simultaneously and strike off remaining soil block on to baffle 16 for roller 23 can be more steady roll on baffle 16, also can reduce the shutoff that the soil block produced baffle 16 simultaneously.

The scraper 24 is connected with the side wall of the sliding plate 13 through a torsion spring, and a limiting block 25 capable of limiting the position of the scraper 24 is arranged on one side of the scraper 24; during operation, the stopper 25 that sets up can prevent that scraper 24 from rotating to the one side that is close to commentaries on classics board 8, and can't carry out the condition of effectively striking off to the clod on the baffle 16, and when scraper 24 promoted the clod to cutting apart 6 outer ends in chamber, scraper 24 can rotate to the position department parallel to with slide 13 lateral wall under the effect of torsional spring this moment to make the clod that strikes off on scraper 24 whereabouts that can be smooth, reduce the heap of clod on scraper 24.

A cutting chamber 26 is arranged at the bottom end of the interior of the heel section 3, a hydraulic rod 27 is arranged in the cutting chamber 26, and a cutting knife 28 is connected to the bottom end of the hydraulic rod 27; during operation, cutter 28 can insert the mud layer that needs to excavate under the effect of hydraulic stem 27 in, cutter 28 can cut the mud layer in advance under the drive of hull 1 afterwards to make things convenient for subsequent rake teeth 4 to break soil to the mud layer.

Example two:

as shown in fig. 5, in a first comparative embodiment, a transition cavity 29 is disposed at a bottom end of the hydraulic rod 27, a piston 30 slidably connected to the transition cavity 29 is connected to the bottom end of the hydraulic rod 27, the cutter 28 is mounted at the bottom end of the transition cavity 29, sliding grooves 31 are respectively disposed on two side walls of the cutter 28, a cutting tooth 32 is slidably connected to the inside of the sliding groove 31, an elastic member 33 is connected between the cutting tooth 32 and an inner end of the sliding groove 31, an airflow groove 34 communicating the transition cavity 29 and the sliding groove 31 is disposed inside the cutter 28, an opening and closing groove 35 communicated with the airflow groove 34 is disposed on a side wall of the cutter 28, an opening and closing block 36 is slidably connected to the inside of the opening and closing groove 35, an inclined squeezing surface 37 is disposed at an outer end of the opening and closing block 36, a second spring 38 is connected between the opening and closing groove 35, and an opening and closing opening 39 is disposed on the opening and closing block 36; during operation, when the cutter 28 cuts into the mud layer, and the extrusion surface 37 of the opening and closing block 36 is in contact with the mud layer, at the moment, the mud layer can press the opening and closing block 36 into the opening and closing groove 35 through the acting force applied to the extrusion surface 37 until the opening and closing port 39 on the opening and closing block 36 is communicated with the airflow groove 34, at the moment, the hydraulic rod 27 can press the gas in the transition cavity 29 into the sliding groove 31 through the airflow groove 34 through the piston 30, so that the cutting teeth 32 can effectively slide out and be inserted into the mud layer under the action of the air pressure in the sliding groove 31, and then the heel section 3 can drive the cutter 28 and the cutting teeth 32 to synchronously pre-cut the mud layer during movement, thereby further improving the soil breaking effect of the subsequent rake teeth 4 on the mud layer.

s1: according to the performance and soil property of a construction ship, a sectional and layered construction mode is adopted for a groove to be excavated, a shallow section is firstly excavated and gradually deepened, and the water depths of all sections of an area to be excavated are gradually deepened after being basically similar; when the middle of the water depth before dredging is basically similar to the two sides, excavating at the same time and deepening gradually; when two sides of the depth before dredging are shallow and the middle is deep, side slopes on two sides are excavated in a layered mode; when the mud layer on one side is thick, the thick side of the mud layer is excavated in layers, and the depth is gradually deepened after the depth is basically similar;

s4: in the construction process of the ship, a method of oblique line walking is adopted, the line walking of the ship is controlled to form an included angle of 30-35 degrees with the channel direction, the ship is led to form an S-shaped track, and the ship is dug with a side slope and a navigation channel in a diagonal state, and meanwhile, the hard soil of the bed body is synchronously crushed through the material pumping cavity 2; the contact angle between the rake head and the furrow is increased, the construction area is cut by using the rake teeth 4 through controlling the fixed depth, and the mud surface line at the bottom of the construction area gradually tends to be smooth through repeated sweeping, so that the aim of furrow-free construction is fulfilled; simultaneously, in the dredging process, the hard soil of the bed body is synchronously crushed through the material pumping cavity 2, so that the soil breaking capacity of the trailing suction boat to the sediment of the bed body is improved.

During working, the protrusions 5 with a certain number and proper strength are arranged at the bottom of the rake head, so that the friction force between the rake head and hard soil of the furrow is increased, the protrusions 5 arranged at reasonable intervals can provide enough anti-skidding friction force according to the size of the rake head, the transverse sliding of the rake head is effectively reduced, and the aims of accurately sweeping shallow soil and reducing the furrow are fulfilled; meanwhile, the rake head has an active effect on excavation of hard clay, is suitable for hard clay construction operation, can effectively improve the soil breaking capacity of the rake teeth 4, and has small influence on normal construction of ships; meanwhile, when the excavated hard soil is sucked in the material pumping cavity 2, the interior of the dividing cavity 6 is also synchronously in a negative pressure state, and the side wall of the rotating plate 8 is applied with acting force to drive the rotating plate 8 to rotate continuously, so that the cutting knife 11 on the rotating plate 8 can spin off the hard soil protruding from the top end of the rake teeth 4, the soil breaking capability of the rake head on bed sediment is improved, meanwhile, the rotating plate 8 is driven by the self negative pressure in the material pumping cavity 2 to break the hard soil, a complex electrical mechanism is not needed to be additionally arranged for driving, and the use cost of the trailing suction boat is greatly reduced; when the rotating plate 8 rotates out of the dividing cavity 6, the sliding plate 13 drives the cutting knife 11 to slide out of the sliding cavity 12 under the action of the first spring 14, so that the cutting range of the cutting knife 11 on hard soil is extended, and when the sliding plate 13 moves to the inclined plate 15, the inclined plate 15 can apply pressure on the outer end of the sliding plate 13 and gradually press the outer end into the sliding cavity 12, so that the rotating plate 8 can smoothly rotate into the dividing cavity 6; when the rotating plate 8 drives the sliding plate 13 to rotate to the partition plate 16 inside the dividing cavity 6, the partition plate 16 can block and limit the outer end of the sliding plate 13 at the moment, so that the sliding plate 13 is prevented from sliding out of the inside of the sliding cavity 12 to the inside of the dividing cavity 6, and the sliding cavity 12 needs to be pressed in again in subsequent rotation, and therefore the sliding plate 13 can be effectively contained inside the sliding cavity 12 when not in use, and meanwhile, the air flow and the silt can smoothly flow through the inside of the dividing cavity 6 through the feed inlet on the partition plate 16, so that the work of the rotating plate 8 can be effectively carried out, and the excavated bed body material can be effectively recovered through the material pumping cavity 2; when the cutting knife 11 at the outer end of the sliding plate 13 crushes the hard soil, a part of silt can flow into the inner part of the leakage groove 17 at the moment, and the blocking ball 18 is pushed open from the port of the leakage groove 17, so that the silt can flow out of the opened leakage groove 17, the weight of the material on the sliding plate 13 is reduced after the material falls down, the resistance when the rotating plate 8 rotates is reduced, and meanwhile, when the rotating plate 8 drives the sliding plate 13 to move to the opening of the dividing cavity 6, the leakage groove 17 can block the leakage groove 17 again under the action of the elastic body 20 and negative pressure at one side, so that the sliding plate 13 forms a relatively closed plate surface, and the negative pressure in the dividing cavity 6 can more effectively apply acting force to the sliding plate 13 and drive the rotating plate 8 to rotate; the sliding plate 13 in the dividing cavity 6 is retracted into the sliding cavity 12 under the action of the arc-shaped surface 10 on the partition plate 16 or the baffle 9, and the gas in the sliding cavity is pressed into the sliding cavity 12 outside the dividing cavity 6 through the gas flow channel 21 and the gas flow pipe 22, so that the sliding plate 13 in the sliding cavity 12 can stably extend out under the action of higher internal gas pressure, and hard soil can be more effectively crushed; when the sliding plate 13 rotates into the dividing cavity 6, the sliding plate 13 can drive the roller 23 to roll on the contact surface, so that the situation that the resistance of the sliding plate 13 and the contact surface is large due to direct contact is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the sliding plate 13 can drive the scraper 24 to scrape off the residual soil blocks on the partition plate 16, so that the roller 23 can roll on the partition plate 16 more stably, and the blockage of the soil blocks on the partition plate 16 can be reduced; the arranged limiting block 25 can prevent the scraper 24 from rotating to one side close to the rotating plate 8 and can not effectively scrape off the soil blocks on the partition plate 16, and meanwhile, when the scraper 24 pushes the soil blocks to the outer end of the dividing cavity 6, the scraper 24 can rotate to the position parallel to the side wall of the sliding plate 13 under the action of the torsion spring, so that the soil blocks scraped off the scraper 24 can smoothly fall off, and the accumulation of the soil blocks on the scraper 24 is reduced; the cutter 28 can be inserted into a mud layer to be excavated under the action of the hydraulic rod 27, and then the cutter 28 can pre-cut the mud layer under the driving of the ship body 1, so that the subsequent rake teeth 4 can conveniently break the mud layer; when the cutter 28 cuts into the mud layer and the squeezing surface 37 of the opening and closing block 36 is in contact with the mud layer, the mud layer can press the opening and closing block 36 into the opening and closing groove 35 through the acting force applied to the squeezing surface 37 until the opening and closing port 39 on the opening and closing block 36 is communicated with the airflow groove 34, at this time, the hydraulic rod 27 can press the gas in the transition cavity 29 into the chute 31 through the airflow groove 34 through the piston 30, so that the cutting teeth 32 can effectively slide out and be inserted into the mud layer under the action of the gas pressure in the chute 31, and then the heel section 3 can drive the cutter 28 and the cutting teeth 32 to synchronously pre-cut the mud layer when moving, and the soil breaking effect of the follow-up teeth 4 on the mud layer is further improved.

The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are given by way of illustration of the principles of the present invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. A special drag head for eliminating furrows comprises a ship body (1) and a material pumping cavity (2), wherein a heel section (3) is arranged on one side of the material pumping cavity (2); the method is characterized in that: rake teeth (4) are arranged at the bottom end inside the material pumping cavity (2), a group of convex bodies (5) are arranged at the bottom ends of the rake teeth (4) and the material pumping cavity (2), a dividing cavity (6) is arranged inside the material pumping cavity (2), a rotary column (7) is rotatably connected to one side, close to an opening of the material pumping cavity (2), of the dividing cavity (6), a group of rotary plates (8) which are uniformly distributed in an annular mode are connected to the side wall of the rotary column (7), a stop block (9) is arranged on the side wall, corresponding to one side, far away from the opening of the material pumping cavity (2), of the dividing cavity (6), of the rotary column (7), one end, matched with the end portion of each rotary plate (8), of each stop block (9), an arc-shaped surface (10) is arranged at the end of each rotary plate (8), and a group of cutting knives (11) are arranged at the outer end of each rotary plate (8); it has smooth chamber (12) to change board (8) outer end to have seted up, smooth chamber (12) inside sliding connection has slide (13), be connected with spring (14) between slide (13) and smooth chamber (12) the inner, cutting knife (11) are all installed on the lateral wall of slide (13) outer end, the tip of cutting apart chamber (6) is equipped with can carry out extruded hang plate (15) to slide (13) tip.

2. The special harrow head for removing furrows of claim 1, wherein: an arc-shaped partition plate (16) is arranged between the stop block (9) and the inner wall of the corresponding partition cavity (6), and a net-shaped feeding hole is formed in the partition plate (16).

3. The special harrow head for eliminating furrows of claim 2, wherein: a leakage groove (17) is formed in the outer end of the sliding plate (13), a sealing ball (18) is arranged at one end, away from the cutting knife (11), of the leakage groove (17), a supporting plate (19) is arranged inside the leakage groove (17) corresponding to one side of the sealing ball (18), and an elastic body (20) is connected between the sealing ball (18) and the supporting plate (19).

4. The special harrow head for eliminating furrows of claim 3, wherein: airflow channels (21) communicated with the inner ends of the sliding cavities (12) are formed in the rotating plate (8), the inner ends of two adjacent airflow channels (21) are communicated through airflow pipes (22), and the sliding plate (13) can slide under the action of air pressure of the inner ends of the sliding cavities (12).

5. The special harrow head for eliminating furrows of claim 4, wherein: the outer end of the sliding plate (13) is rotatably connected with a roller (23), the side wall of the sliding plate (13) corresponding to one side of the roller (23) is connected with a scraper (24), and the rotating plate (8) can drive the scraper (24) to scrape sundries on the surface of the partition plate (16) when rotating.

6. The special harrow head for eliminating furrows of claim 5, wherein: scraper (24) are connected through the torsional spring with slide (13) lateral wall, just scraper (24) one side is equipped with can carry out spacing stopper (25) to scraper (24) position.

7. The special harrow head for eliminating furrows of claim 6, wherein: the inside bottom of heel section (3) is equipped with cutting chamber (26), cutting chamber (26) internally mounted has hydraulic stem (27), hydraulic stem (27) bottom is connected with cutter (28).

8. The special harrow head for eliminating furrows of claim 7, wherein: the cutting device is characterized in that a transition cavity (29) is arranged at the bottom end of the hydraulic rod (27), a piston (30) connected with the transition cavity (29) in a sliding mode is connected to the bottom end of the hydraulic rod (27), the cutter (28) is installed at the bottom end of the transition cavity (29), sliding grooves (31) are formed in two side walls of the cutter (28) respectively, cutting teeth (32) are connected to the inside of the sliding grooves (31) in a sliding mode, elastic pieces (33) are connected between the cutting teeth (32) and the inner ends of the sliding grooves (31), airflow grooves (34) communicated with the transition cavity (29) and the sliding grooves (31) are formed in the cutter (28), opening and closing grooves (35) communicated with the airflow grooves (34) are formed in the side walls of the cutter (28), an opening and closing block (36) is connected to the inside of the opening and closing groove (35) in a sliding mode, an inclined squeezing surface (37) is arranged at the outer end of the opening and closing block (36), and a second spring (38) is connected between the opening and the inner end of the opening and closing groove (35), the opening and closing block (36) is provided with an opening and closing opening (39).

9. A furrow eliminating construction process using a drag head as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

s1: according to the performance of a construction ship and the soil quality, a groove to be excavated is constructed in a segmented and layered mode, a shallow section is excavated firstly, the shallow section is deepened gradually, and the depth of each section of an area to be excavated is gradually deepened after being basically similar; excavating simultaneously and deepening gradually when the middle of the water depth before dredging is basically similar to the two sides; when two sides of the depth before dredging are shallow and the middle is deep, side slopes on two sides are excavated in a layered mode; when the mud layer on one side is thick, the thick side of the mud layer is excavated in layers, and the depth is gradually deepened after the depth is basically similar;

s4: during the construction process of the ship, a method of oblique line walking is adopted, the line walking of the ship is controlled to form an included angle of 30-35 degrees with the direction of a navigation channel, the ship is led to form an S-shaped track and is dug in an oblique crossing state with a side slope and a navigation channel of a construction area, and in the process of dredging, the hard soil of a bed body is synchronously crushed through the material pumping cavity (2).