CN113248731B - PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
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- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
- C08J3/03—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
- C08J3/075—Macromolecular gels
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- C08J2333/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2333/24—Homopolymers or copolymers of amides or imides
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- C08J2339/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen; Derivatives of such polymers
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- C08J2433/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of high polymer materials, and particularly relates to PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel and a preparation method and application thereof. The PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel is prepared by taking PNIPAm hydrogel as a matrix and rapidly carrying out phase transition through heat absorption by PPy. The polypyrrole has a larger p-pi conjugated framework and a high electron delocalization structure, has excellent light amplification and light capture characteristics in a near infrared light region, has good stability and high photo-thermal conversion efficiency, and is used for adapting to the change of climate and adjusting the transmittance of sunlight. The PNIPAm has obvious energy-saving effect, reduces near infrared light transmission through rapid phase change in summer, and plays a role in cooling; the effect of indoor temperature rise is achieved by absorbing near infrared light and radiating heat indoors in winter. Meanwhile, after phase change, the visible light transmittance is approximately zero, so that the intelligent curtain can be realized. The PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel provided by the invention has the advantages of simple preparation method and low cost, and is beneficial to industrial production and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of high polymer materials, and particularly relates to PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The energy consumption of the existing building is about 40% of the total energy consumption of national economy, the window has poor heat insulation performance, and the window is the most serious part of energy loss in building components, and the energy loss caused by the window exceeds 50% of the energy consumption of the building. Therefore, reasonable control of heat exchange between the window and the outside is important for building energy conservation. The solar irradiation energy is mainly concentrated in the wavelength range of 0.25-2.5 mu m, including ultraviolet light (UV), visible light (Vis) and near infrared light (NIR), wherein the NIR irradiation energy exceeds 50% of the total solar irradiation energy, so that near NIR transmission is reduced in summer, NIR transmission is increased in winter, and the solar irradiation energy has profound significance for building energy conservation.
The common smart windows at present comprise thermochromic, gasochromic, electrochromic and other smart windows. The thermochromic intelligent window can respond to the change of the ambient temperature and spontaneously change the state, so that the transmission of near infrared light is regulated, and the thermochromic intelligent window is an ideal building energy-saving material. Common thermochromic materials include: VO (VO) 2 Ionic liquids, perovskite, thermochromic hydrogels, and the like. Thermochromic hydrogels have received attention in recent years because they are closest to the building energy saving temperature requirement (28 ℃). Poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAm) is a common thermochromic hydrogel, has hydrophilic amide groups and hydrophobic isopropyl groups, and when the temperature is lower than the minimum co-dissolution temperature (LCST), the polymer chains are stretched due to hydrogen bonding, and the solution is transparent and allows the transmission of near infrared light as much as possible; when the temperature is higher than LCST, the hydrogen bond is broken, polymer chains are aggregated, and the solution is opaque, so that near infrared light transmission is effectively blocked. But the self has the defect of slow response speed, and seriously affects the application of the method in the intelligent window.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a PNIPAm/PPy composite thermochromic hydrogel. The hydrogel combines thermochromic hydrogel (PNIPAm) with photo-thermal conversion material polypyrrole (PPy), and overcomes the defect of slow response speed of PNIPAm hydrogel. The intelligent window can be applied to the intelligent window to reduce near infrared light transmission in summer, reduce indoor heat radiation and reduce indoor heat loss in winter, thereby achieving the effect of being warm in winter and cool in summer.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel, wherein PPy in the composite hydrogel is microspherical, the average particle size is 400-800 nm, and PNIPAm is in a network shape; PPy grows in microsphere form on the surface of the network PNIPAm.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) PVP is stirred in pure water to form PVP micelle, PNIPAm and BIS are added under inert atmosphere, the mixture is uniformly mixed, KPS is added, and PNIPAm hydrogel is obtained after polymerization reaction for a period of time;
(2) PVP is stirred in pure water to form PVP micelle, pyrrole and KPS are added and mixed uniformly, and the soluble PPy solution is obtained through low-temperature reaction;
(3) Adding the PPy solution prepared in the step (2) into the PNIPAm hydrogel obtained in the step (1), stirring uniformly by ultrasound at a low temperature, dialyzing to obtain a PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel system, and performing vacuum freeze drying to obtain the PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel.
Further, the dosage relationships of PVP, pure water, PNIPAm, BIS and KPS in step (1) are: 0.02-0.1 g:50mL: 0.5-1 g: 0.005-0.16 g:0.02 to 0.032 g.
The stirring temperature in the step (1) is 35-50 ℃ for dissolution, and the stirring time is 30-60 min; the temperature of the polymerization reaction is 60-70 ℃ and the time is 4-6 h.
The dosage relationship of PVP, pure water, pyrrole and KPS in the step (2) is as follows: 0.2-0.8 g:50mL: 0.35-0.69 mL: 1.85-2.7 g.
The low-temperature reaction in the step (2) is carried out for 1-3 hours in an environment below 5 ℃.
The volume ratio of the PPy solution to the PNIPAm hydrogel in the step (3) is 1:1-10; the low temperature is lower than 5 ℃, and the ultrasonic time is 0.5-1 h; and the dialysis is carried out by using a 1000Da dialysis bag for 48-72 hours.
Further, the PVP is PVP-K30, and the molecular weight is 44000-54000.
The invention also provides application of the PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel in the field of thermochromic materials. The PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel is packed between device interlayers as filling, and is applied to the fields of intelligent response, intelligent glass, flexible devices and aerospace.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel is prepared by taking poly-N isopropyl acrylamide hydrogel as a matrix and rapidly carrying out phase transition by absorbing heat through conjugated polymer polypyrrole. The polypyrrole has a larger p-pi conjugated framework and a high electron delocalization structure, has excellent light amplification and light capture characteristics in a near infrared light region, has good stability and high photo-thermal conversion efficiency, and is used for adapting to the change of climate and adjusting the transmittance of sunlight. The PNIPAm has obvious energy-saving effect, reduces near infrared light transmission through rapid phase change in summer, and plays a role in cooling; the effect of indoor temperature rise is achieved by absorbing near infrared light and radiating heat indoors in winter. Meanwhile, after phase change, the visible light transmittance is approximately zero, so that the intelligent curtain can be realized. The PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel provided by the invention has the advantages of simple preparation method and low cost, and is beneficial to industrial production and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an FT-IR diagram of PPy, PNIPAm and PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogels prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of PPy, PNIPAm, PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel prepared in example 1; wherein a is PPy, b is PNIPAm, and c-d are PNIPAm/PPy;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a laminated glass assembly;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a thermal insulation performance test;
FIG. 5 is a graph of temperature variation;
fig. 6 is an infrared imaging diagram after various times.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel and a preparation method and application thereof. Those skilled in the art can, with the benefit of this disclosure, suitably modify the process parameters to achieve this. It is expressly noted that all such similar substitutions and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and are deemed to be included in the present invention. The embodiments described below are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. While the method and product of the present invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art that the invention can be practiced and practiced with modification and alteration and combination of the methods described herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Unless otherwise specified, all reagents involved in the examples of the present invention are commercially available products and are commercially available.
Example 1
(1) Preparation of PNIPAm hydrogel:
dissolving polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with molecular weight of 58000 of 0.02g into 50mL pure water, transferring into a 250 mL three-neck flask, stirring at 35 ℃ for 60min to form stable micelle, adding 1g PNIPAm and 0.01 g cross-linking agent N, N' -methylenebis (acrylamide) (BIS) under stirring inert atmosphere at 60 ℃, stirring uniformly, heating to 60 ℃, adding 0.02g initiator potassium persulfate (KPS) after temperature stabilization, stirring at 60 ℃ for 4 h, naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain PNIPAm hydrogel, and vacuum freeze-drying to obtain PNIPAm hydrogel solid.
(2) Preparation of soluble PPy solution:
dissolving PVP with molecular weight of 58000 of 0.2 g into 50mL pure water, stirring uniformly to form micelle, transferring to a 250 mL single-neck flask, adding pyrrole with molecular weight of 0.69mL and KPS with molecular weight of 2.7g into PVP solution, reacting 2h in ice water bath (< 5 ℃) to obtain soluble PPy solution, and vacuum freeze-drying to obtain PPy powder.
(3) Preparation of PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel:
adding 10mL of the PPy solution prepared in the step (2) into 10mL of the PNIPAm hydrogel obtained in the step (1), ultrasonically stirring at a low temperature (< 5 ℃) for 1h, copolymerizing the PPy which is not completely polymerized with the PNIPAm, enabling the PPy to grow on the surface of the PNIPAm, dialyzing for 48 h by using a 1000Da dialysis bag, removing the residual initiator crosslinking agent, thus obtaining a PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel system, and performing vacuum freeze drying to obtain the PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel.
FIG. 1 is an FT-IR diagram of the PPy, PNIPAm and PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogels prepared in this example; as can be seen from FIG. 1, PNIPAm is 3266 and cm, respectively -1 from-N-H-stretching vibrations, 2971 cm -1 Telescoping vibration from-C-H-, 1653 cm -1 Telescopic vibration from-C-N-, 1541 cm -1 Telescopic absorption peak from c=o; PPy is 3266 and cm respectively -1 from-N-H-stretching vibration 1700 cm -1 Stretching vibration from pyrrole-C-N-, 1050 cm -1 Characteristic peak at pyrrole = C-N; while the prepared PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel has PNIPAm characteristic peak at 1000 cm -1 The characteristic functional group C=N-H of PPy appearing at the position shows that PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel is successfully prepared.
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of PPy, PNIPAm, PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel prepared in this example; wherein a is PPy, b is PNIPAm, c-d are PNIPAm/PPy and enlarged view thereof; as can be seen from FIG. 2, the prepared PPy presents a microsphere structure, the prepared PNIPAm hydrogel presents a network structure, the average particle size of the PPy microspheres in the PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel is 400-800 nm, and the PPy microspheres grow and are attached to the surface of the PNIPAm network structure.
And carrying out phase change time test on the prepared PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel: the prepared PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel was packaged into a laminated glass as shown in fig. 3, and the phase transition time of the composite hydrogel was tested under irradiation of a xenon lamp (simulated sunlight). The test results show that the PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel can realize phase change within 3 min, and the PNIPAm hydrogel serving as a comparative example gradually changes phase after 10 min.
Example 2
(1) Dissolving PVP with molecular weight of 58000 of 0.05 g in 50mL pure water, stirring at 40deg.C for 30 min to form stable micelle, and stirring at 65deg.C for N 2 Adding 0.8g of PNIPAm and 0.016 and g of cross-linking agent BIS under the atmosphere, uniformly stirring, heating to 60 ℃, adding 0.032 and g of initiator KPS after the temperature is stable, heating and stirring at 60 ℃ for 6h, stopping the reaction, naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain PNIPAm hydrogel, and vacuum freeze-drying to obtain solid PNIPAm;
(2) Dissolving PVP with molecular weight of 58000 of 0.5 g into 50mL pure water, stirring uniformly to form micelle, adding pyrrole with molecular weight of 0.69mL and KPS with molecular weight of 2.25 g into the mixed solution, reacting for 3h in ice water bath (< 5 ℃) to obtain soluble PPy solution, and vacuum freeze drying to obtain PPy powder.
(3) Adding 10mL of the PPy solution prepared in the step (2) into 50mL of the PNIPAm hydrogel obtained in the step (1), ultrasonically stirring at a low temperature (< 5 ℃) for 0.5 h, dialyzing for 60 h by using a 1000Da dialysis bag, removing the residual initiator cross-linking agent to obtain a PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel system, and performing vacuum freeze drying to obtain the PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel.
And carrying out phase change time test on the prepared PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel: the prepared PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel was packaged into a laminated glass as shown in fig. 3, and the phase transition time of the composite hydrogel was tested under irradiation of a xenon lamp (simulated sunlight). The test result shows that the PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel can realize phase change within 4min, and the PNIPAm hydrogel obtained in the step (1) can gradually change phase after 12 min.
Example 3
(1) Dissolving PVP with molecular weight of 58000 of 0.1g in 50mL pure water, stirring at 50deg.C for 30 min to form stable micelle, stirring at 70deg.C for N 2 Adding 0.5 g NIPAm and 0.005. 0.005 g crosslinking agent BIS under atmosphere, stirring, heating to 70deg.C, adding 0.02g initiator KPS after temperature is stable, heating at 70deg.C under stirring for 5 h, stopping reaction, naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain PNIPAm hydrogel, and vacuum lyophilizing to obtain final productTo solid PNIPAm. The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the
(2) Dissolving PVP with molecular weight of 58000 of 0.8g into 50mL pure water, stirring uniformly to form micelle, adding 0.35 mL pyrrole and 1.85 g KPS, reacting 1h under ice water bath (< 5 ℃) to obtain soluble PPy solution, and vacuum freeze-drying to obtain PPy powder;
(3) Adding 10mL of the PPy solution prepared in the step (2) into 100mL of the PNIPAm hydrogel obtained in the step (1), ultrasonically stirring at a low temperature (< 5 ℃) for 1h, dialyzing for 72h by using a 1000Da dialysis bag, removing the residual initiator crosslinking agent to obtain a PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel system, and performing vacuum freeze drying to obtain the PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel.
And carrying out phase change time test on the prepared PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel: the prepared PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel was packaged into a laminated glass as shown in fig. 3, and the phase transition time of the composite hydrogel was tested under irradiation of a xenon lamp (simulated sunlight). The test result shows that the PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel can realize phase change within 5 min, and the PNIPAm hydrogel obtained in the step (1) can gradually change phase after 10 min.
Example 4
In this embodiment, a PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel laminated glass device is constructed as shown in fig. 3, and the PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel is packaged in the laminated glass device, and the specific packaging steps are as follows:
(1) Ultrasonic cleaning two glass plates with length of 20 mm, width of 20 mm and thickness of 1.2 mm with acetone, ethanol, deionized water for 10 min, N 2 Blow-drying for standby;
(2) A transparent 3M double-sided adhesive tape with the thickness of 1 mm is used for fixing one glass substrate frame, the glass substrate frame is solidified at room temperature by 12-24 h, a gap of 1 mm is reserved at the middle part of the tail part of the glass substrate, and gaps of 1 mm are reserved at the edge parts of the top part of the glass substrate frame, so that hydrogel is conveniently injected and air in the laminated glass is conveniently discharged;
(3) Pressing and attaching another glass substrate on the glass substrate bonded with the 3M adhesive tape, and sealing a 1 mm gap reserved at the bottom by using epoxy resin to avoid liquid reserved from the bottom when the glass substrate is firmly bonded;
(4) And sucking a proper amount of the prepared composite hydrogel by using a syringe, injecting the composite hydrogel into a gap reserved at the top, and continuously sealing the gap by using epoxy resin after the injection is finished. And repeatedly checking to see whether bubbles remain, and if not, indicating that the laminated glass device packaging the PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel is assembled.
The phase transition time test is carried out on the PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel prepared in the examples 1-3 by using a laminated glass device for packaging the PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel: the phase transition time of the composite hydrogel was tested under irradiation of a xenon lamp (simulated sunlight). The test result shows that the PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel can realize phase change within 3-5 min, and the PNIPAm hydrogel obtained in the step (1) can gradually change phase after 10-12 min. Therefore, the PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel prepared has relatively good light response characteristic, can realize thermochromism in a short time, and achieves the effect of adjusting indoor temperature.
Example 5
In this example, the PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel laminated glass device constructed in example 3 was assembled into an energy saving device as shown in fig. 4. And simulating sunlight by using a xenon lamp to irradiate for 20min, performing heat preservation and fixation treatment by using heat insulation foam, placing PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel laminated glass (PNIPAm/PPy group) on the surface of a test tube port, wherein the distance between the xenon lamp and the laminated glass is 0.2-0.5 and m, and recording the change condition of the water temperature in the test tube by using an infrared thermal imager under the irradiation condition of the xenon lamp. Meanwhile, laminated glass (PNIPAm group) having a PNIPAm hydrogel encapsulated therein and laminated glass (Blank group) having no hydrogel encapsulated therein were used as control groups, respectively.
FIG. 5 is a graph of temperature variation; FIG. 6 is an infrared imaging diagram after various times; as can be seen from fig. 5 and 6, the water temperature in each group of test tubes showed a clear trend of temperature change from 3 min, the PNIPAm/PPy group showed a slower rise in water temperature than the PNIPAm group and the Blank group, the water temperature was 0.9 ℃ lower than the PNIPAm group at 10 min, the water temperature was 3.5 ℃ lower than the Blank group after 20min, and the PNIPAm/PPy group showed a slower rise in temperature over time. After stopping irradiation, the temperature of the PNIPAm/PPy group is reduced slowly, thereby reflecting the PNIPAmThe PPy composite hydrogel has good heat preservation and heat insulation effects. The PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel can generate phase change under the irradiation condition in 3 min, and the transmittance after the phase change is reduced, so that the water temperature is lower than the temperature of the PNIPAm group and the Blank group, and the rising speed of the water temperature in a test tube can be obviously reduced. Therefore, the PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel can be applied to an intelligent window, so that the indoor temperature can be effectively regulated, and the energy-saving and heat-preserving effects are achieved. PPy in the PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel absorbs near infrared to accelerate PNIPAm phase change and reduce indoor temperature in summer. Since the PPy solution was near infrared light at 1064 and nm wavelength, it was used at a lower power (0.5W/m 2 ) The solar energy heat insulation wall is irradiated for 10 min under the light intensity of the solar energy heat insulation wall, and still reaches a higher temperature (40.6 ℃), so that sunlight can be absorbed in winter, light energy is converted into heat, a heat wall is formed to prevent the loss of indoor temperature, the loss of indoor temperature is prevented to a certain extent, the heat insulation effect is achieved, and the solar energy heat insulation wall is warm in winter and cool in summer. The PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel can be used as a thermochromic material layer to be applied to the fields of intelligent response, intelligent glass, flexible devices, aerospace and the like according to the characteristics of the PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel.
The above examples are provided for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and to implement the same, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be construed to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel is characterized in that PPy in the composite hydrogel is microspherical, the average particle size is 400-800 nm, and PNIPAm is in a network shape; PPy grows on the surface of the network PNIPAm in a microsphere form; the preparation method of the PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel specifically comprises the following steps: (1) Stirring PVP in pure water to form PVP micelle, adding NIPAm and BIS under inert atmosphere, mixing uniformly, adding KPS, and polymerizing for a period of time to obtain PNIPAm hydrogel;
(2) PVP is stirred in pure water to form PVP micelle, pyrrole and KPS are added and mixed uniformly, and the soluble PPy solution is obtained through low-temperature reaction;
(3) Adding the PPy solution prepared in the step (2) into the PNIPAm hydrogel obtained in the step (1), uniformly stirring by ultrasonic in a low-temperature state, dialyzing to obtain a PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel system, and performing vacuum freeze drying to obtain the PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel; the dosage relationship of PVP, pure water, NIPAm, BIS and KPS in the step (1) is as follows: 0.02-0.1 g:50mL:0.5 g to 1g: 0.005-0.16 g: 0.02-0.032 g; the volume ratio of the PPy solution to the PNIPAm hydrogel in the step (3) is 1:1-10.
2. The method for preparing the PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Stirring PVP in pure water to form PVP micelle, adding NIPAm and BIS under inert atmosphere, mixing uniformly, adding KPS, and polymerizing for a period of time to obtain PNIPAm hydrogel;
(2) PVP is stirred in pure water to form PVP micelle, pyrrole and KPS are added and mixed uniformly, and the soluble PPy solution is obtained through low-temperature reaction;
(3) Adding the PPy solution prepared in the step (2) into the PNIPAm hydrogel obtained in the step (1), uniformly stirring by ultrasonic in a low-temperature state, dialyzing to obtain a PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel system, and performing vacuum freeze drying to obtain the PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel; the dosage relationship of PVP, pure water, NIPAm, BIS and KPS in the step (1) is as follows: 0.02-0.1 g:50mL:0.5 g to 1g: 0.005-0.16 g: 0.02-0.032 g; the volume ratio of the PPy solution to the PNIPAm hydrogel in the step (3) is 1:1-10.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the stirring in the step (1) is carried out at a temperature of 35 to 50 ℃ for 30 to 60 minutes; the temperature of the polymerization reaction is 60-70 ℃ and the time is 4-6 h.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the dosage of PVP, purified water, pyrrole and KPS in step (2) is in the relationship: 0.2 to 0.8g:50mL: 0.35-0.69 mL:1.85 g to 2.7g.
5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the low-temperature reaction in the step (2) is a reaction in an environment of less than 5 ℃ for 1 to 3 hours.
6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the low temperature in step (3) is a temperature of <5 ℃, and the time of the ultrasonic treatment is 0.5 to 1h; the dialysis is to use a 1000Da dialysis bag for dialysis for 48-72 hours.
7. The method of claim 2, wherein the PVP is PVP-K30 and has a molecular weight of 44000-54000.
8. Use of the PNIPAm/PPy composite hydrogel of claim 1 in the field of thermochromic materials.
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